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Jedrasiak-Cape I, Rybicki-Kler C, Brooks I, Ghosh M, Brennan EK, Kailasa S, Ekins TG, Rupp A, Ahmed OJ. Cell-type-specific cholinergic control of granular retrosplenial cortex with implications for angular velocity coding across brain states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597341. [PMID: 38895393 PMCID: PMC11185600 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic receptor activation enables the persistent firing of cortical pyramidal neurons, providing a key cellular basis for theories of spatial navigation involving working memory, path integration, and head direction encoding. The granular retrosplenial cortex (RSG) is important for spatially-guided behaviors, but how acetylcholine impacts RSG neurons is unknown. Here, we show that a transcriptomically, morphologically, and biophysically distinct RSG cell-type - the low-rheobase (LR) neuron - has a very distinct expression profile of cholinergic muscarinic receptors compared to all other neighboring excitatory neuronal subtypes. LR neurons do not fire persistently in response to cholinergic agonists, in stark contrast to all other principal neuronal subtypes examined within the RSG and across midline cortex. This lack of persistence allows LR neuron models to rapidly compute angular head velocity (AHV), independent of cholinergic changes seen during navigation. Thus, LR neurons can consistently compute AHV across brain states, highlighting the specialized RSG neural codes supporting navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Rybicki-Kler
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Isla Brooks
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Megha Ghosh
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ellen K.W. Brennan
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sameer Kailasa
- Dept. of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tyler G. Ekins
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alan Rupp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Omar J. Ahmed
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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2
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Kapustina M, Zhang AA, Tsai JYJ, Bristow BN, Kraus L, Sullivan KE, Erwin SR, Wang L, Stach TR, Clements J, Lemire AL, Cembrowski MS. The cell-type-specific spatial organization of the anterior thalamic nuclei of the mouse brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113842. [PMID: 38427564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cell-type composition and spatial organization of brain regions is crucial for interpreting brain computation and function. In the thalamus, the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are involved in a wide variety of functions, yet the cell-type composition of the ATN remains unmapped at a single-cell and spatial resolution. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplexed fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identify three discrete excitatory cell-type clusters that correspond to the known nuclei of the ATN and uncover marker genes, molecular pathways, and putative functions of these cell types. We further illustrate graded spatial variation along the dorsomedial-ventrolateral axis for all individual nuclei of the ATN and additionally demonstrate that the anteroventral nucleus exhibits spatially covarying protein products and long-range inputs. Collectively, our study reveals discrete and continuous cell-type organizational principles of the ATN, which will help to guide and interpret experiments on ATN computation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kapustina
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela A Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y J Tsai
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brianna N Bristow
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Larissa Kraus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kaitlin E Sullivan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah R Erwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lihua Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tara R Stach
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jody Clements
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Mark S Cembrowski
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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3
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Lomi E, Jeffery KJ, Mitchell AS. Convergence of location, direction, and theta in the rat anteroventral thalamic nucleus. iScience 2023; 26:106993. [PMID: 37448560 PMCID: PMC10336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus and cortex are anatomically interconnected, with the thalamus providing integral information for cortical functions. The anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV) is reciprocally connected to retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Two distinct AV subfields, dorsomedial (AVDM) and ventrolateral (AVVL), project differentially to granular vs. dysgranular RSC, respectively. To probe if functional responses of AV neurons differ, we recorded single neurons and local field potentials from AVDM and AVVL in rats during foraging. We observed place cells (neurons modulated by spatial location) in both AVDM and AVVL. Additionally, we characterized neurons modulated by theta oscillations, heading direction, and a conjunction of these. Place cells and conjunctive Theta-by-Head direction cells were more prevalent in AVVL; more non-conjunctive theta and directional neurons were prevalent in AVDM. These findings add further evidence that there are two thalamocortical circuits connecting AV and RSC, and reveal that the signaling involves place information in addition to direction and theta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lomi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
| | - Kate J. Jeffery
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna S. Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
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4
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Jeffery KJ. Symmetries and asymmetries in the neural encoding of 3D space. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210452. [PMID: 36511410 PMCID: PMC9745873 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural coding of space centres on three foundational cell types: place cells, head direction cells and grid cells. One notable characteristic of these neurons is the symmetry properties of their spatial firing patterns. In symmetric environments, firing patterns are often also symmetric: for example, place cells show translational symmetry in aligned sub-compartments of a multi-compartment environment. A single head direction cell has a mirror-symmetric firing pattern, while a sub-class of head direction cells can show multi-fold rotational symmetries in multi-compartment environments, matching the symmetry of the recently experienced environment. The entorhinal grid cells are notable for the symmetry of their firing patterns in both rotational and translational domains. However, these symmetries are broken in a variety of situations. These symmetry-making and -breaking observations shed light on the underlying computations that generate these firing patterns, and also invite speculation as to whether they may have a functional role. This article outlines these findings and speculates on the consequences of the resultant firing symmetries and asymmetries for spatial coding and cognition. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New approaches to 3D vision'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J. Jeffery
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK
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5
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Alexander AS, Place R, Starrett MJ, Chrastil ER, Nitz DA. Rethinking retrosplenial cortex: Perspectives and predictions. Neuron 2023; 111:150-175. [PMID: 36460006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has produced exciting new ideas about retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and its role in integrating diverse inputs. Here, we review the diversity in forms of spatial and directional tuning of RSC activity, temporal organization of RSC activity, and features of RSC interconnectivity with other brain structures. We find that RSC anatomy and dynamics are more consistent with roles in multiple sensorimotor and cognitive processes than with any isolated function. However, two more generalized categories of function may best characterize roles for RSC in complex cognitive processes: (1) shifting and relating perspectives for spatial cognition and (2) prediction and error correction for current sensory states with internal representations of the environment. Both functions likely take advantage of RSC's capacity to encode conjunctions among sensory, motor, and spatial mapping information streams. Together, these functions provide the scaffold for intelligent actions, such as navigation, perspective taking, interaction with others, and error detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Alexander
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ryan Place
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael J Starrett
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Chrastil
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Douglas A Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Environment Symmetry Drives a Multidirectional Code in Rat Retrosplenial Cortex. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9227-9241. [PMID: 36302638 PMCID: PMC9761682 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0619-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how environment symmetry shapes the neural processing of direction by recording directionally tuned retrosplenial neurons in male Lister hooded rats exploring multicompartment environments that had different levels of global rotational symmetry. Our hypothesis built on prior observations of twofold symmetry in the directional tuning curves of rats in a globally twofold-symmetric environment. To test whether environment symmetry was the relevant factor shaping the directional responses, here we deployed the same apparatus (two connected rectangular boxes) plus one with fourfold symmetry (a 2 × 2 array of connected square boxes) and one with onefold symmetry (a circular open-field arena). Consistent with our hypothesis we found many neurons with tuning curve symmetries that mirrored these environment symmetries, having twofold, fourfold, or onefold symmetric tuning, respectively. Some cells expressed this pattern only globally (across the whole environment), maintaining singular tuning curves in each subcompartment. However, others also expressed it locally within each subcompartment. Because multidirectionality has not been reported in naive rats in single environmental compartments, this suggests an experience-dependent effect of global environment symmetry on local firing symmetry. An intermingled population of directional neurons were classic head direction cells with globally referenced directional tuning. These cells were electrophysiologically distinct, with narrower tuning curves and a burstier firing pattern. Thus, retrosplenial directional neurons can simultaneously encode overall head direction and local head direction (relative to compartment layout). Furthermore, they can learn about global environment symmetry and express this locally. This may be important for the encoding of environment structure beyond immediate perceptual reach.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We investigated how environment symmetry shapes the neural code for space by recording directionally tuned neurons from the retrosplenial cortex of rats exploring single- or multicompartment environments having onefold, twofold, or fourfold rotational symmetry. We found that many cells expressed a symmetry in their head direction tuning curves that matched the corresponding global environment symmetry, indicating plasticity of their directional tuning. They were also electrophysiologically distinct from canonical head directional cells. Notably, following exploration of the global space, many multidirectionally tuned neurons encoded global environment symmetry, even in local subcompartments. Our results suggest that multidirectional head direction codes contribute to the cognitive mapping of the complex structure of multicompartmented spaces.
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Yanakieva S, Mathiasen ML, Amin E, Nelson AJD, O'Mara SM, Aggleton JP. Collateral rostral thalamic projections to prelimbic, infralimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices in the rat brain. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5869-5887. [PMID: 36089888 PMCID: PMC9826051 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As the functional properties of a cortical area partly reflect its thalamic inputs, the present study compared collateral projections arising from various rostral thalamic nuclei that terminate across prefrontal (including anterior cingulate) and retrosplenial areas in the rat brain. Two retrograde tracers, fast blue and cholera toxin B, were injected in pairs to different combinations of cortical areas. The research focused on the individual anterior thalamic nuclei, including the interanteromedial nucleus, nucleus reuniens and the laterodorsal nucleus. Of the principal anterior thalamic nuclei, only the anteromedial nucleus contained neurons reaching both the anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent cortical areas (prefrontal or retrosplenial), though the numbers were modest. For these same cortical pairings (medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate and anterior cingulate/retrosplenial), the interanteromedial nucleus and nucleus reuniens contained slightly higher proportions of bifurcating neurons (up to 11% of labelled cells). A contrasting picture was seen for collaterals reaching different areas within retrosplenial cortex. Here, the anterodorsal nucleus, typically provided the greatest proportion of bifurcating neurons (up to 15% of labelled cells). While individual neurons that terminate in different retrosplenial areas were also found in the other thalamic nuclei, they were infrequent. Consequently, these thalamo-cortical projections predominantly arise from separate populations of neurons with discrete cortical termination zones, consistent with the transmission of segregated information and influence. Overall, two contrasting medial-lateral patterns of collateral projections emerged, with more midline nuclei, for example, nucleus reuniens and the interoanteromedial nucleus innervating prefrontal areas, while more dorsal and lateral anterior thalamic collaterals innervated retrosplenial cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias L. Mathiasen
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityWalesUK
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Eman Amin
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityWalesUK
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8
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Hamilton JJ, Dalrymple‐Alford JC. Anterior thalamic nuclei: A critical substrate for non-spatial paired-associate memory in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5014-5032. [PMID: 35985792 PMCID: PMC9804733 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Injury or dysfunction in the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) may be the key contributory factor in many instances of diencephalic amnesia. Experimental ATN lesions impair spatial memory and temporal discriminations, but there is only limited support for a more general role in non-spatial memory. To extend evidence on the effects of ATN lesions, we examined the acquisition of biconditional associations between odour and object pairings presented in a runway, either with or without a temporal gap between these items. Intact adult male rats acquired both the no-trace and 10-s trace versions of this non-spatial task. Intact rats trained in the trace version showed elevated Zif268 activation in the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus, suggesting that the temporal component recruited additional neural processing. ATN lesions completely blocked acquisition on both versions of this association-memory task. This deficit was not due to poor inhibition to non-rewarded cues or impaired sensory processing, because rats with ATN lesions were unimpaired in the acquisition of simple odour discriminations and simple object discriminations using similar task demands in the same apparatus. This evidence challenges the view that impairments in arbitrary paired-associate learning after ATN lesions require the use of multimodal spatial stimuli. It suggests that diencephalic amnesia associated with the ATN stems from degraded attention to stimulus-stimulus associations and their representation across a distributed memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Hamilton
- School of Psychology, Speech and HearingUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand,New Zealand Brain Research InstituteChristchurchNew Zealand,Brain Research New Zealand – Rangahau Roro AotearoaAucklandNew Zealand
| | - John C. Dalrymple‐Alford
- School of Psychology, Speech and HearingUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand,New Zealand Brain Research InstituteChristchurchNew Zealand,Brain Research New Zealand – Rangahau Roro AotearoaAucklandNew Zealand
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Aggleton JP, Nelson AJD, O'Mara SM. Time to retire the serial Papez circuit: Implications for space, memory, and attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104813. [PMID: 35940310 PMCID: PMC10804970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After more than 80 years, Papez serial circuit remains a hugely influential concept, initially for emotion, but in more recent decades, for memory. Here, we show how this circuit is anatomically and mechanistically naïve as well as outdated. We argue that a new conceptualisation is necessitated by recent anatomical and functional findings that emphasize the more equal, working partnerships between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the hippocampal formation, along with their neocortical interactions in supporting, episodic memory. Furthermore, despite the importance of the anterior thalamic for mnemonic processing, there is growing evidence that these nuclei support multiple aspects of cognition, only some of which are directly associated with hippocampal function. By viewing the anterior thalamic nuclei as a multifunctional hub, a clearer picture emerges of extra-hippocampal regions supporting memory. The reformulation presented here underlines the need to retire Papez serially processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
| | - Andrew J D Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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10
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Abstract
Anterior thalamus exhibits significant functional changes with increasing age. While it has been associated with cognitive functions, the specific circuitry relevant for working memory remains unknown. The significance of this study is threefold: First, the anteroventral subdivision of anterior thalamic nuclei is necessary for working memory maintenance; second, aged mice showed a decrease in the excitability of anteroventral thalamic neurons, which correlated with a working memory impairment; and third, activating anteroventral thalamic neurons in aged mice was sufficient to improve their working memory. Alterations in the structure and functional connectivity of anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) have been linked to reduced cognition during aging. However, ATN circuits that contribute to higher cognitive functions remain understudied. We found that the anteroventral (AV) subdivision of ATN is necessary specifically during the maintenance phase of a spatial working memory task. This function engages the AV→parasubiculum (PaS)→entorhinal cortex (EC) circuit. Aged mice showed a deficit in spatial working memory, which was associated with a decrease in the excitability of AV neurons. Activation of AV neurons or the AV→PaS circuit in aged mice was sufficient to rescue their working memory performance. Furthermore, rescued aged mice showed improved behavior-induced neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC), a critical site for working memory processes. Although the direct activation of PFC neurons in aged mice also rescued their working memory performance, we found that these animals exhibited increased levels of anxiety, which was not the case for AV→PaS circuit manipulations in aged mice. These results suggest that targeting AV thalamus in aging may not only be beneficial for cognitive functions but that this approach may have fewer unintended effects compared to direct PFC manipulations.
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Todd TP, Leaton RN, Helmstetter FJ. Introduction to the Special Issue to Commemorate the Scientific Legacy of David J. Bucci. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 190:107612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Aggleton JP, Yanakieva S, Sengpiel F, Nelson AJ. The separate and combined properties of the granular (area 29) and dysgranular (area 30) retrosplenial cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107516. [PMID: 34481970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retrosplenial cortex contains two principal subdivisions, area 29 (granular) and area 30 (dysgranular). Their respective anatomical connections in the rat brain reveal that area 29 is the primary recipient of hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial and contextual information while area 30 is the primary interactor with current visual information. Lesion studies and measures of neuronal activity in rodents indicate that retrosplenial cortex helps to integrate space from different perspectives, e.g., egocentric and allocentric, providing landmark and heading cues for navigation and spatial learning. It provides a repository of scene information that, over time, becomes increasingly independent of the hippocampus. These processes, reflect the interactive actions between areas 29 and 30, along with their convergent influences on cortical and thalamic targets. Consequently, despite their differences, both areas 29 and 30 are necessary for an array of spatial and learning problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Steliana Yanakieva
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Andrew J Nelson
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK
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