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Halon-Golabek M, Flis DJ, Zischka H, Akdogan B, Wieckowski MR, Antosiewicz J, Ziolkowski W. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated disturbance of iron metabolism is blunted by swim training-role of AKT signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167014. [PMID: 38171451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Swim training has increased the life span of the transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the progress of the disease is associated with the impairment of iron metabolism and insulin signaling. We used transgenic hmSOD1 G93A (ALS model) and non-transgenic mice in the present study. The study was performed on the muscles taken from trained (ONSET and TERMINAL) and untrained animals at three stages of the disease: BEFORE, ONSET, and TERMINAL. In order to study the molecular mechanism of changes in iron metabolism, we used SH-SY5Y and C2C12 cell lines expression vector pcDNA3.1 and transiently transfected with specific siRNAs. The progress of ALS resulted in decreased P-Akt/Akt ratio, which is associated with increased proteins responsible for iron storage ferritin L, ferritin H, PCBP1, and skeletal muscle iron at ONSET. Conversely, proteins responsible for iron export- TAU significantly decrease. The training partially reverses changes in proteins responsible for iron metabolism. AKT silencing in the SH-SY5Y cell line decreased PCBP2 and ferroportin and increased ferritin L, H, PCBP1, TAU, transferrin receptor 1, and APP. Moreover, silencing APP led to an increase in ferritin L and H. Our data suggest that swim training in the mice ALS model is associated with significant changes in iron metabolism related to AKT activity. Down-regulation of AKT mainly upregulates proteins involved in iron import and storage but decreases proteins involved in iron export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Halon-Golabek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Jozef Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Banu Akdogan
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mariusz Roman Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Ziolkowski
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Swim Training Affects on Muscle Lactate Metabolism, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides Concentration, and the Activity of NADH Shuttle Enzymes in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911504. [PMID: 36232801 PMCID: PMC9569676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to verify whether swim training can improve lactate metabolism, NAD+ and NADH levels, as well as modify the activity of glycolytic and NADH shuttle enzymes and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in skeletal muscle of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice. ALS mice (SOD1G93A) (n = 7 per group) were analyzed before the onset of ALS, at first disease symptoms (trained and untrained), and the last stage of disease (trained and untrained), and then compared with a wild-type (WT) group of mice. The blood lactate and the skeletal muscle concentration of lactate, NAD+ and NADH, MCT1 and MCT4 protein levels, as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in skeletal muscle were determined by fluorometric, Western blotting, liquid chromatography-MS3 spectrometry, and spectrometric methods. In the untrained terminal ALS group, there were decreased blood lactate levels (p < 0.001) and increased skeletal muscle lactate levels (p < 0.05) as compared with a WT group of mice. The amount of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in the ALS groups were also significantly reduced as well as LDH activity and the level of MCT1. Swim training increased lactate levels in the blood (p < 0.05 vs. ALS TERMINAL untrained). In addition, cytosolic MDH activity and the cMDH/LDH 2.1 ratio were significantly higher in trained vs. untrained mice (p < 0.05). The data indicate significant dysfunction of lactate metabolism in ALS mice, associated with a reduction in muscle anaerobic metabolism and NADH transporting enzymes, as well as swim-induced compensation of energy demands in the ALS mice.
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Swim training affects Akt signaling and ameliorates loss of skeletal muscle mass in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20899. [PMID: 34686697 PMCID: PMC8536703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that swim training reverses the impairment of Akt/FOXO3a signaling, ameliorating muscle atrophy in ALS mice. Transgenic male mice B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur/J were used as the ALS model (n = 35), with wild-type B6SJL (WT) mice as controls (n = 7). ALS mice were analyzed before ALS onset, at ALS onset, and at terminal ALS. Levels of insulin/Akt signaling pathway proteins were determined, and the body and tibialis anterior muscle mass and plasma creatine kinase. Significantly increased levels of FOXO3a in ALS groups (from about 13 to 21-fold) compared to WT mice were observed. MuRF1 levels in the ONSET untrained group (12.0 ± 1.7 AU) were significantly higher than in WT mice (1.12 ± 0.2 AU) and in the BEFORE ALS group (3.7 ± 0.9 AU). This was associated with body mass and skeletal muscle mass reduction. Swim training significantly ameliorated the reduction of skeletal muscle mass in both TERMINAL groups (p < 0.001) and partially reversed changes in the levels of Akt signaling pathway proteins. These findings shed light on the swimming-induced attenuation of skeletal muscle atrophy in ALS with possible practical implications for anti-cachexia approaches.
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Devos D, Cabantchik ZI, Moreau C, Danel V, Mahoney-Sanchez L, Bouchaoui H, Gouel F, Rolland AS, Duce JA, Devedjian JC. Conservative iron chelation for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:189-203. [PMID: 31912279 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal iron accumulation associated with brain iron dyshomeostasis is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). The application of iron-sensitive sequences in magnetic resonance imaging has provided a useful tool to identify the underlying NDD pathology. In the three major NDD, degeneration occurs in central nervous system (CNS) regions associated with memory (Alzheimer's disease, AD), automaticity (Parkinson's disease, PD) and motor function (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS), all of which require a high oxygen demand for harnessing neuronal energy. In PD, a progressive degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is associated with the appearance of siderotic foci, largely caused by increased labile iron levels resulting from an imbalance between cell iron import, storage and export. At a molecular level, α-synuclein regulates dopamine and iron transport with PD-associated mutations in this protein causing functional disruption to these processes. Equally, in ALS, an early iron accumulation is present in neurons of the cortico-spinal motor pathway before neuropathology and secondary iron accumulation in microglia. High serum ferritin is an indicator of poor prognosis in ALS and the application of iron-sensitive sequences in magnetic resonance imaging has become a useful tool in identifying pathology. The molecular pathways that cascade down from such dyshomeostasis still remain to be fully elucidated but strong inroads have been made in recent years. Far from being a simple cause or consequence, it has recently been discovered that these alterations can trigger susceptibility to an iron-dependent cell-death pathway with unique lipoperoxidation signatures called ferroptosis. In turn, this has now provided insight into some key modulators of this cell-death pathway that could be therapeutic targets for the NDD. Interestingly, iron accumulation and ferroptosis are highly sensitive to iron chelation. However, whilst chelators that strongly scavenge intracellular iron protect against oxidative neuronal damage in mammalian models and are proven to be effective in treating systemic siderosis, these compounds are not clinically suitable due to the high risk of developing iatrogenic iron depletion and ensuing anaemia. Instead, a moderate iron chelation modality that conserves systemic iron offers a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection. As demonstrated with the prototype chelator deferiprone, iron can be scavenged from labile iron complexes in the brain and transferred (conservatively) either to higher affinity acceptors in cells or extracellular transferrin. Promising preclinical and clinical proof of concept trials has led to several current large randomized clinical trials that aim to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of conservative iron chelation for NDD, notably in a long-term treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Devos
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France.
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France.
- Département de Pharmacologie Médicale, Université Lille INSERM 1171, CHU de Lille, 59037, Lille, France.
| | - Z Ioav Cabantchik
- Della Pergola Chair, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Danel
- Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Laura Mahoney-Sanchez
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Hind Bouchaoui
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Flore Gouel
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
| | - James A Duce
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Devedjian
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Service de Neurologie NS-Park/FCRIN Network LICEND COEN Center Lille, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM, UMRS_1171, Lille, France
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-1, place de l'Yser, BP 72033, 59375, Dunkerque Cedex, France
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Jacomin AC, Geraki K, Brooks J, Tjendana-Tjhin V, Collingwood JF, Nezis IP. Impact of Autophagy and Aging on Iron Load and Ferritin in Drosophila Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:142. [PMID: 31404236 PMCID: PMC6669360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as iron, copper, potassium, and zinc are essential regulatory elements of several biological processes. The homeostasis of biometals is often affected in age-related pathologies. Notably, impaired iron metabolism has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy, an intracellular degradative process dependent on the lysosomes, is involved in the regulation of ferritin and iron levels. Impaired autophagy has been associated with normal pathological aging, and neurodegeneration. Non-mammalian model organisms such as Drosophila have proven to be appropriate for the investigation of age-related pathologies. Here, we show that ferritin is expressed in adult Drosophila brain and that iron and holoferritin accumulate with aging. At whole-brain level we found no direct relationship between the accumulation of holoferritin and a deficit in autophagy in aged Drosophila brain. However, synchrotron X-ray spectromicroscopy revealed an additional spectral feature in the iron-richest region of autophagy-deficient fly brains, consistent with iron-sulfur. This potentially arises from iron-sulfur clusters associated with altered mitochondrial iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Brooks
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Swim Training Modulates Mouse Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Ameliorates Reduction in Grip Strength in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020233. [PMID: 30634386 PMCID: PMC6359093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in skeletal muscles in the human and animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be an important factor in the diseases progression. We hypothesized that swim training, a modulator of cellular metabolism via changes in muscle bioenergetics and oxidative stress, ameliorates the reduction in muscle strength in ALS mice. In this study, we used transgenic male mice with the G93A human SOD1 mutation B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur/J and wild type B6SJL (WT) mice. Mice were subjected to a grip strength test and isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria were used to perform high-resolution respirometry. Moreover, the activities of enzymes involved in the oxidative energy metabolism and total sulfhydryl groups (as an oxidative stress marker) were evaluated in skeletal muscle. ALS reduces muscle strength (-70% between 11 and 15 weeks, p < 0.05), modulates muscle metabolism through lowering citrate synthase (CS) (-30% vs. WT, p = 0.0007) and increasing cytochrome c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase activities, and elevates oxidative stress markers in skeletal muscle. Swim training slows the reduction in muscle strength (-5% between 11 and 15 weeks) and increases CS activity (+26% vs. ALS I, p = 0.0048). Our findings indicate that swim training is a modulator of skeletal muscle energy metabolism with concomitant improvement of skeletal muscle function in ALS mice.
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Halon-Golabek M, Borkowska A, Kaczor JJ, Ziolkowski W, Flis DJ, Knap N, Kasperuk K, Antosiewicz J. hmSOD1 gene mutation-induced disturbance in iron metabolism is mediated by impairment of Akt signalling pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:557-569. [PMID: 29380557 PMCID: PMC5989766 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, skeletal muscle atrophy, impairment of iron metabolism, and insulin signalling have been reported in rats suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the interrelationship between these changes has not been studied. We hypothesize that an impaired Akt-FOXO3a signalling pathway triggers changes in the iron metabolism in the muscles of transgenic animals. METHODS In the present study, we used transgenic rats bearing the G93A hmSOD1 gene and their non-transgenic littermates. The study was performed on the muscles taken from animals at three different stages of the disease: asymptomatic (ALS I), the onset of the disease (ALS II), and the terminal stage of the disease (ALS III). In order to study the molecular mechanism of changes in iron metabolism, we used SH-SY5Y and C2C12 cell lines stably transfected with pcDNA3.1, SOD1 WT and SOD1 G93A, or FOXO3a TM-ER. RESULTS A significant decrease in P-Akt level and changes in iron metabolism were observed even in the group of ALS I animals. This was accompanied by an increase in the active form of FOXO3a, up-regulation of atrogin-1, and catalase. However, significant muscle atrophy was observed in ALS II animals. An increase in ferritin L and H was accompanied by a rise in PCBP1 and APP protein levels. In SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing SOD1 or SOD1 G93A, we observed elevated levels of ferritin L and H and non-haem iron. Interestingly, insulin treatment significantly down-regulated ferritin L and H proteins in the cell. Conversely, cells transfected with small interfering RNA against Akt 1, 2, 3, respectively, showed a significant increase in the ferritin and FOXO3a levels. In order to assess the role of FOXO3a in the ferritin expression, we constructed a line of SH-SY5Y cells that expressed a fusion protein made of FOXO3a fused at the C-terminus with the ligand-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor (TM-ER) being activated by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Treatment of the cells with 4-hydroxytamoxifen significantly up-regulated ferritin L and H proteins level. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that impairment of insulin signalling and iron metabolism in the skeletal muscle precedes muscle atrophy and is mediated by changes in Akt/FOXO3a signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andzelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jan J Kaczor
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland.,Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, 80-336, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Ziolkowski
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, 80-336, Poland
| | - Damian J Flis
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland.,Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, 80-336, Poland
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Kajetan Kasperuk
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, 80-336, Poland
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Yu HZ, Zhang SZ, Ma Y, Fei DQ, Li B, Yang LA, Wang J, Li Z, Muhammad A, Xu JP. Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of a Ferritin Heavy Chain Subunit from the Eri-Silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102126. [PMID: 29036914 PMCID: PMC5666808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferritins are conserved iron-binding proteins that are primarily involved in iron storage, detoxification and the immune response. Despite the importance of ferritin in organisms, little is known about their roles in the eri-silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini). We previously identified a ferritin heavy chain subunit named ScFerHCH in the S. c. ricini transcriptome database. The full-length S. c. ricini ferritin heavy chain subunit (ScFerHCH) was 1863 bp and encoded a protein of 231 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 25.89 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ScFerHCH shared a high amino acid identity with the Bombyx mori and Danaus plexippus heavy chain subunits. Higher ScFerHCH expression levels were found in the silk gland, fat body and midgut of S. c. ricini by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Injection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated with an upregulation of ScFerHCH in the midgut, fat body and hemolymph, indicating that ScFerHCH may contribute to the host’s defense against invading pathogens. In addition, the anti-oxidation activity and iron-binding capacity of recombinant ScFerHCH protein were examined. Taken together, our results suggest that the ferritin heavy chain subunit from eri-silkworm may play critical roles not only in innate immune defense, but also in organismic iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Dong-Qiong Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Li-Ang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Azharuddin Muhammad
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Gajowiak A, Styś A, Starzyński RR, Bednarz A, Lenartowicz M, Staroń R, Lipiński P. Mice Overexpressing Both Non-Mutated Human SOD1 and Mutated SOD1(G93A) Genes: A Competent Experimental Model for Studying Iron Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:82. [PMID: 26778957 PMCID: PMC4701970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration and loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. Up to 10% of ALS cases are inherited (familial, fALS) and associated with mutations, frequently in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Rodent transgenic models of ALS are often used to elucidate a complex pathogenesis of this disease. Of importance, both ALS patients and animals carrying mutated human SOD1 gene show symptoms of oxidative stress and iron metabolism misregulation. The aim of our study was to characterize changes in iron metabolism in one of the most commonly used models of ALS – transgenic mice overexpressing human mutated SOD1G93A gene. We analyzed the expression of iron-related genes in asymptomatic, 2-month-old and symptomatic, 4-month-old SOD1G93A mice. In parallel, respective age-matched mice overexpressing human non-mutated SOD1 transgene and control mice were analyzed. We demonstrate that the overexpression of both SOD1 and SOD1G93A genes account for a substantial increase in SOD1 protein levels and activity in selected tissues and that not all the changes in iron metabolism genes expression are specific for the overexpression of the mutated form of SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajowiak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Styś
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Staroń
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences Magdalenka, Poland
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10
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Halon M, Kaczor JJ, Ziolkowski W, Flis DJ, Borkowska A, Popowska U, Nyka W, Wozniak M, Antosiewicz J. Changes in skeletal muscle iron metabolism outpace amyotrophic lateral sclerosis onset in transgenic rats bearing the G93A hmSOD1 gene mutation. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1363-70. [PMID: 25175826 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.955484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, iron and the adaptor protein "p66Shc" have been shown to play an important role in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in rats. We hypothesized that changes in muscle p66Shc activity and iron metabolism would appear before visible symptoms of the disease occurred. METHODS In the present study, we used transgenic rats bearing the G93A hmSOD1 gene mutation and their non-transgenic littermates to test this hypothesis. We examined muscle p66Shc phosphorylation and iron metabolism in relation to oxidative stress in animals at three disease stages: asymptomatic (ALS I), disease onset (ALS II), and end-stage disease (ALS III). RESULTS Significant changes in iron metabolism and markers of lipid and protein oxidation were detected in ALS I animals, which manifested as decreased levels of ferritin H and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) and increased levels of ferritin L levels. Muscles of ALS I rats possessed increased levels of p66Shc phosphorylated at Ser(36) compared with muscles of control rats. During disease progression, level of ferritin H significantly increased and was accompanied by iron accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that multiple mechanisms may underlie iron accumulation in muscles of ALS transgenic rats, which include changes in blood hepcidin and muscle Fpn1 and increased level of muscle ferritin H. These data suggest that impaired iron metabolism is not a result of changes in motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halon
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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