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Pineda ED, To TM, Dickendesher TL, Shapouri S, Iannaccone ST. Adherence and Persistence Among Risdiplam-Treated Individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Retrospective Claims Analysis. Adv Ther 2024; 41:2446-2459. [PMID: 38709394 PMCID: PMC11133212 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by deletions and/or mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Risdiplam, the first and only oral SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing modifier, is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with SMA. For patients with SMA, long-term adherence to and persistence with an SMA treatment may be important for achieving maximum clinical benefits. However, real-world evidence on patient adherence to and persistence with risdiplam is limited. METHODS This retrospective study examined real-world adherence and persistence with risdiplam from a specialty pharmacy in patients with SMA over a 12-month period. Adherence was estimated by using proportion of days covered (PDC) and was calculated over variable (time between first and last fill) and fixed (time from first fill to study period end) intervals. Persistence was defined as no gap in supply ≥ 90 days. Patients were included if the time between the index date and study observation period was ≥ 12 months, if they initiated risdiplam between August 2020 and September 2022, received ≥ 2 risdiplam fills, and had an SMA diagnosis associated with a risdiplam fill. Subgroup analyses of risdiplam adherence and persistence were performed by age and primary payer type. RESULTS The proportion of patients (N = 1636) adherent at 12 months based on variable and fixed interval PDC was 93% and 79%, respectively. Adherence was high among patients on commercial insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare (range 86-96%). Mean persistence was 330.4 days. The highest proportion of patients who were persistent were on Medicaid (81%). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that patient adherence to and persistence with risdiplam treatment were high, including across all subgroups tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmor D Pineda
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Tu My To
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Sheila Shapouri
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
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Chiriboga CA, Bruno C, Duong T, Fischer D, Mercuri E, Kirschner J, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Jaber B, Gorni K, Kletzl H, Carruthers I, Martin C, Scalco RS, Fontoura P, Muntoni F. JEWELFISH: 24-month results from an open-label study in non-treatment-naïve patients with SMA receiving treatment with risdiplam. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12318-z. [PMID: 38733387 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Risdiplam is a once-daily oral, survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) splicing modifier approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). JEWELFISH (NCT03032172) investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of risdiplam in non-treatment-naïve patients with SMA. JEWELFISH enrolled adult and pediatric patients (N = 174) with confirmed diagnosis of 5q-autosomal recessive SMA who had previously received treatment with nusinersen (n = 76), onasemnogene abeparvovec (n = 14), olesoxime (n = 71), or were enrolled in the MOONFISH study (NCT02240355) of the splicing modifier RG7800 (n = 13). JEWELFISH was an open-label study with all participants scheduled to receive risdiplam. The most common adverse event (AE) was pyrexia (42 patients, 24%) and the most common serious AE (SAE) was pneumonia (5 patients, 3%). The rate of AEs and SAEs decreased by > 50% from the first to the second year of treatment, and there were no treatment-related AEs that led to withdrawal from treatment. An increase in SMN protein in blood was observed following risdiplam treatment and sustained over 24 months of treatment irrespective of previous treatment. Exploratory efficacy assessments of motor function showed an overall stabilization in mean total scores as assessed by the 32-item Motor Function Measure, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded, and Revised Upper Limb Module. The safety profile of risdiplam in JEWELFISH was consistent with previous clinical trials of risdiplam in treatment-naïve patients. Exploratory efficacy outcomes are reported but it should be noted that the main aim of JEWELFISH was to assess safety and PK/PD, and the study was not designed for efficacy analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered (NCT03032172) on ClinicalTrials.gov on January 24, 2017; First patient enrolled: March 3, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Chiriboga
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health-DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tina Duong
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Jaber
- Pharma Development, Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- PDMA Neuroscience and Rare Disease, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Kletzl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Renata S Scalco
- Product Development Neuroscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paulo Fontoura
- Product Development Neuroscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London, and Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
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Cattinari MG, de Lemus M, Tizzano E. RegistrAME: the Spanish self-reported patient registry of spinal muscular atrophy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:76. [PMID: 38373977 PMCID: PMC10877841 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons and muscle weakness resulting in premature death or severe motor disability. Over the last decade, SMA has dramatically changed thanks to new advances in care and the emergence of disease-specific treatments. RegistrAME is a self-reported specific disease registry with an accurate curation system. It has collected data on SMA patients in Spain since 2015, gathering demographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcome data, all of which are patient-relevant. RegistrAME is part of the TREAT NMD network. This study aims to describe the advantages and disadvantages of a self-reported SMA registry, as well as the different variables of interest in the health status of RegistrAME patients. RESULTS In total, 295 living patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SMA-5q were included (aged 1 to 77 years; mean 20.28). Half of the patients (50.2%) were ≥ 16 years old; 22.03% were type 1, 48.47% were type 2, 28.82% were type 3, and 0.7% were type 4. All functional statuses (non-sitter, sitter, and walkers) could be observed in each SMA type. Adult patients harbored the least aggressive SMA types, however, they presented the greatest level of disability. Patients with SMA type 1 had scoliosis surgery about five years earlier than patients with SMA type 2. None of the type 1 patients who achieved ambulation were wheelchair-free outdoors. This was also evident in 62.5% of type 2 walker patients and 44% of type 3 walker patients. Of the SMA type 1 patients, 40% had a gastrostomy (of which 84% had two SMN2 copies). One in five children with SMA type 1 (one to seven years of age) were ventilation-free. CONCLUSIONS The information provided by RegistrAME in a "real-world" setting allows better management of family expectations, an adequate approach to the disease and patients' needs, as well as a better understanding of the impact of the disease. It also helps monitor the evolution of care, which will result in the need for updated guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mencía de Lemus
- Fundación Atrofia Muscular Espinal España (FundAME), Madrid, Spain
- SMA Europe, Freiburg, Germany
- Committee of Advanced Therapies at the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Tizzano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Diseases Unit and Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR, Hospital Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Salort-Campana E, Solé G, Magot A, Tard C, Noury JB, Behin A, De La Cruz E, Boyer F, Lefeuvre C, Masingue M, Debergé L, Finet A, Brison M, Spinazzi M, Pegat A, Sacconi S, Malfatti E, Choumert A, Bellance R, Bedat-Millet AL, Feasson L, Vuillerot C, Jacquin-Piques A, Michaud M, Pereon Y, Stojkovic T, Laforêt P, Attarian S, Cintas P. Multidisciplinary team meetings in treatment of spinal muscular atrophy adult patients: a real-life observatory for innovative treatments. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38268028 PMCID: PMC10809505 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2017, a new treatment by nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide delivered by repeated intrathecal injections, became available for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), whereas clinical trials had mainly involved children. Since 2020, the oral, selective SMN2-splicing modifier risdiplam has been available with restrictions evolving with time. In this peculiar context of lack of data regarding adult patients, many questions were raised to define the indications of treatment and the appropriate follow-up in this population. To homogenize access to treatment in France, a national multidisciplinary team meeting dedicated to adult SMA patients, named SMA multidisciplinary team meeting, (SMDTs) was created in 2018. Our objective was to analyze the value of SMDTs in the decision-making process in SMA adult patients and to provide guidelines about treatment. METHODS From October 2020 to September 2021, data extracted from the SMDT reports were collected. The primary outcome was the percentage of cases in which recommendations on validating treatment plans were given. The secondary outcomes were type of treatment requested, description of expectations regarding treatment and description of recommendations or follow-up and discontinuation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparisons between the type of treatment requested were performed using Mann-Whitney test or the Student t test for quantitative data and the Fisher's exact test or the χ2 test for qualitative data. RESULTS Cases of 107 patients were discussed at the SMDTs with a mean age of 35.3 (16-62). Forty-seven were SMA type 2, and 57 SMA type 3. Twelve cases were presented twice. Out of 122 presentations to the SMDTs, most of requests related to the initiation of a treatment (nusinersen (n = 46), risdiplam (n = 54), treatment without mentioning preferred choice (n = 5)) or a switch of treatment (n = 12). Risdiplam requests concerned significantly older patients (p = 0.002), mostly SMA type 2 (p < 0.0001), with greater disease severity in terms of motor and respiratory function compared to requests for nusinersen. In the year prior to presentation to the SMDTs, most of the patients experienced worsening of motor weakness assessed by functional tests as MFM32 or other meaningful scales for the most severe patients. Only 12% of the patients discussed had a stable condition. Only 49/122 patients (40.1%) expressed clear expectations regarding treatment. The treatment requested was approved by the SMDTs in 72 patients (67.2%). The most common reasons to decline treatment were lack of objective data on the disease course prior discussion to the SMDTs or inappropriate patient's expectations. Treatment requests were more likely to be validated by the SMDTs if sufficient pre-therapeutic functional assessment had been performed to assess the natural history (55% vs. 32%) and if the patient had worsening rather than stable motor function (p = 0.029). In patients with approved treatment, a-priori criteria to define a further ineffectiveness of treatment (usually after 14 months of treatment) were proposed for 67/72 patients. CONCLUSIONS In the context of costly treatments with few controlled studies in adults with SMA, in whom assessment of efficacy can be complex, SMDTs are 'real-world observatories' of great interest to establish national recommendations about indications of treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- Service de Neurologie du Pr Attarian, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
- Inserm UMR_S 910 Medical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France.
| | - Guilhem Solé
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Magot
- Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Tard
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord Est Ile de France, Lille, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Noury
- Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa De La Cruz
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, CHU et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - François Boyer
- Pôle de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Universitaire Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CHU Sébastopol, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord Est Ile de France, Reims, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Lefeuvre
- Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, FHU Phenix, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, APHP, Garches, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Masingue
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Louise Debergé
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Finet
- Service de Neurologie du Pr Attarian, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Brison
- Centre de Réference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes Service de Neurologie, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Pegat
- Service de Neurologie C, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 69500, Bron, France
- Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 69500, Bron, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Service Système Nerveux Périphérique & Muscle, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, University Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Ariane Choumert
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Rémi Bellance
- CeRCa, Site Constitutif de Centre de Référence Caribéen des Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, CHU de Martinique, Hôpital P. Zobda-Quitman, Fort-de-France, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Léonard Feasson
- Physiology and Exercise Laboratory EA4338, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, Rhône-Alpes Bellevue Hospital, University Hospital Center of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron Cedex, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Maud Michaud
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Pereon
- Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Laforêt
- Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, FHU Phenix, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, APHP, Garches, France
- UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Service de Neurologie du Pr Attarian, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhône Alpes, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 264 Rue Saint-Pierre, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Inserm UMR_S 910 Medical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Toulouse Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 8. Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- FILNEMUS, Marseille, France
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Sitas B, Hancevic M, Bilic K, Bilic H, Bilic E. Risdiplam Real World Data - Looking Beyond Motor Neurons and Motor Function Measures. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:75-84. [PMID: 38073396 PMCID: PMC10789321 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risdiplam is an orally administered treatment for spinal muscular atrophy which leads to an improvement in motor function as measured by functional motor scales compared with placebo. Although risdiplam has been registered since 2020, real-world data in adults is still scarce. There have been no new safety signals so far, with some results pointing that risdiplam may be effectiveObjective:The objective was to present real-world data of 31 adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and type 3 treated with risdiplam in the Republic of CroatiaMethods:Treatment effects were assessed with motor function tests and patient reported outcome measures, including Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life questionnaire, and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale. Side effects, as well as subjective improvements and symptoms, were noted. RESULTS Majority of patients did not report any side effects. During treatment, we have observed clinically meaningful improvements in some patients, with stabilization of motor functions in the remaining patients. The majority of patients with bulbar function impairment experienced bulbar function improvement, all patients reported an increased quality of life with treatment. An unexpected observed treatment effect was weight gain in a third of all patients with some patients reporting an increase in appetite and subjective improvement in digestion. CONCLUSIONS Risdiplam treatment was well tolerated with subjective and objective positive outcomes registered as measured by functional motor scales and patient-reported outcomes. Since risdiplam is administered orally and acts as a systemic therapy for a multisystemic disorder, effects in systems other than neuromuscular can be expected and should be monitored. Due to systemic nature of the disease patients need multidisciplinary monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sitas
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirea Hancevic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Hrvoje Bilic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ervina Bilic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Aponte Ribero V, Martí Y, Batson S, Mitchell S, Gorni K, Gusset N, Oskoui M, Servais L, Sutherland CS. Systematic Literature Review of the Natural History of Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Motor Function, Scoliosis, and Contractures. Neurology 2023; 101:e2103-e2113. [PMID: 37813581 PMCID: PMC10663020 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder associated with continuous motor function loss and complications, such as scoliosis and contractures. Understanding the natural history of SMA is key to demonstrating the long-term outcomes of SMA treatments. This study reviews the natural history of motor function, scoliosis, and contractures in patients with SMA. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception to June 27, 2022 (Embase, MEDLINE, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews). Observational studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and case series reporting on motor function (i.e., sitting, standing, and walking ability), scoliosis, and contracture outcomes in patients with types 1-3 SMA were included. Data on study design, baseline characteristics, and treatment outcomes were extracted. Data sets were generated from studies that reported Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and pooled to generate overall KM curves. RESULTS Ninety-three publications were included, of which 68 reported on motor function. Of these, 10 reported KM curves (3 on the probability of sitting in patients with types 2 and 3 SMA and 8 on the probability of walking/ambulation in patients with type 3 SMA). The median time to loss of sitting (95% CI) was 14.5 years (14.1-31.5) for the type 2 SMA sitter population (their maximum ability was independent sitting). The median time to loss of ambulation (95% CI) was 13.4 years (12.5-14.5) for type 3a SMA (disease onset at age younger than 3 years) and 44.2 years (43.0-49.4) for type 3b SMA (disease onset at age 3 years or older). Studies including scoliosis and contracture outcomes mostly reported non-time-to-event data. DISCUSSION The results demonstrate that a high degree of motor function loss is inevitable, affecting patients of all ages. In addition, data suggest that untreated patients with types 2 and 3 SMA remain at risk of losing motor milestones during late adulthood, and patients with types 3a and 3b SMA are at risk of loss of ambulation over time. These findings support the importance of stabilization of motor function development even at older ages. Natural history data are key for the evaluation of SMA treatments as they contextualize the assessment of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Aponte Ribero
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Yasmina Martí
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Sarah Batson
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen Mitchell
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Gusset
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Servais
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium
| | - C Simone Sutherland
- From F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (V.A.R., Y.M., K.G., C.S.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Mtech Access Limited (S.B., S.M.), Bicester, United Kingdom; SMA Europe (N.G.), Freiburg, Germany; SMA Schweiz (N.G.), Heimberg, Switzerland; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology Neurosurgery (M.O.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre (L.S.), Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Division of Child Neurology (L.S.), Centre de Rèfèrences des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Belgium.
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7
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Lee YJ, Kim AR, Lee JM, Shim YK, Cho JS, Ryu HW, Kwon S, Chae JH. Impact of nusinersen on the health-related quality of life and caregiver burden of patients with spinal muscular atrophy with symptom onset after age 6 months. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:404-413. [PMID: 37602664 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Novel disease-modifying approaches for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have highlighted the patient's perspective on functional changes over time. In this study, we evaluated the impact of nusinersen on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with later-onset SMA and the caregiver burden. METHODS We assessed the changes in HRQoL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL GCS) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Neuromuscular Module (PedsQL NMM) during 26 months of treatment. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease. We also assessed motor function using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE) and the Revised Upper Limb Module score. RESULTS Twenty-four patients and their caregivers were included. The median age of patients at treatment onset was 148.8 (6.8 to 269.4) months. A significant improvement was observed in psychosocial health in proxy-reported PedsQL (P = .023). However, the physical health scores of the PedsQL GCS and About my neuromuscular disorder subscores of the PedsQL NMM did not change, although there was a significant increase in HFMSE scores. Regarding the caregiver burden, the financial burden was reduced, whereas time burden increased. A higher HFMSE score was associated with better self-reported PedsQL GCS total scores (P < .001). DISCUSSION Our results provide insights into the multifaceted implications of disease-modifying therapies for SMA through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). PROMs should be taken into consideration to assess the clinical significance of the functional changes identified by clinician-reported scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Mok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kyu Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae So Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soonhak Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Pera MC, Coratti G, Casiraghi J, Bravetti C, Fedeli A, Strika M, Albamonte E, Antonaci L, Rossi D, Pane M, Sansone VA, Mercuri E. Caregivers' Expectations on Possible Functional Changes following Disease-Modifying Treatment in Type II and III Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Comparative Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4183. [PMID: 37445216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The primary aim of this study was to explore current caregivers' expectations on possible functional changes following treatment in comparison to data obtained in the pre-pharmacological era. Methods: A questionnaire, previously used in 2016, was administered to caregivers of type II and III SMA patients of age between 3 and 71 years, and to patients over the age of 13 years. The questionnaire focuses on (1) caregivers and patients expectations, (2) meaningfulness of the changes observed on the functional motor scales, and (3) their willingness to be enrolled in a clinical trial. A comparative study was performed with data obtained using the same questionnaire soon before the advent of disease-modifying therapies. Results: We administered the questionnaire to 150 caregivers. When comparing current caregiver data to those obtained in 2016, the most obvious differences were related to disease perception over the last year (stability: 16.5% in 2016 vs. 43.6% in 2022; deterioration 70.5% vs. 12.8%, and improvement: 12.9% vs. 43.6%) and expectations from clinical trials with higher expectations in 2022 compared to 2016 (p < 0.001). Forty-five of the 150 in the current study were caregivers of patients above the age of 13. In these 45 the questionnaire was also administered to the patient. No difference was found in responses between patients and their caregivers. Conclusions: Both carers and patients reported that even small changes on functional scales, similar to those reported by clinical studies and real-world data, are perceived as meaningful. Comparing the recent responses to those obtained in 2016, before pharmacological treatment was available, we found significant changes in caregivers' perception with increased expectations. These findings will provide a better understanding of the patients' expectations and facilitate discussion with regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Pera
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Casiraghi
- The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ASST Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bravetti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fedeli
- The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ASST Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Milija Strika
- The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ASST Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Albamonte
- The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ASST Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antonaci
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Rossi
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Ada Sansone
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- The NEMO Center in Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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9
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Oskoui M, Day JW, Deconinck N, Mazzone ES, Nascimento A, Saito K, Vuillerot C, Baranello G, Goemans N, Kirschner J, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Servais L, Papp G, Gorni K, Kletzl H, Martin C, McIver T, Scalco RS, Staunton H, Yeung WY, Fontoura P, Mercuri E. Two-year efficacy and safety of risdiplam in patients with type 2 or non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). J Neurol 2023; 270:2531-2546. [PMID: 36735057 PMCID: PMC9897618 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Risdiplam is an oral, survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) pre-mRNA splicing modifier approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SUNFISH (NCT02908685) Part 2, a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, investigated the efficacy and safety of risdiplam in type 2 and non‑ambulant type 3 SMA. The primary endpoint was met: a significantly greater change from baseline in 32-item Motor Function Measure (MFM32) total score was observed with risdiplam compared with placebo at month 12. After 12 months, all participants received risdiplam while preserving initial treatment blinding. We report 24-month efficacy and safety results in this population. Month 24 exploratory endpoints included change from baseline in MFM32 and safety. MFM‑derived results were compared with an external comparator. At month 24 of risdiplam treatment, 32% of patients demonstrated improvement (a change of ≥ 3) from baseline in MFM32 total score; 58% showed stabilization (a change of ≥ 0). Compared with an external comparator, a treatment difference of 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67-4.57) in favor of risdiplam was observed in MFM-derived scores. Overall, gains in motor function at month 12 were maintained or improved upon at month 24. In patients initially receiving placebo, MFM32 remained stable compared with baseline (0.31 [95% CI - 0.65 to 1.28]) after 12 months of risdiplam; 16% of patients improved their score and 59% exhibited stabilization. The safety profile after 24 months was consistent with that observed after 12 months. Risdiplam over 24 months resulted in further improvement or stabilization in motor function, confirming the benefit of longer-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oskoui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, UZ Gent, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena S Mazzone
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, CIBERER-ISC III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, Lyon, France
- Neuromyogen Institute, CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- I-Motion-Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Références des Maladies Neuromusculaires, University Hospital Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gergely Papp
- Pharma Development, Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- PDMA Neuroscience and Rare Disease, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Kletzl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Renata S Scalco
- Pharma Development Neurology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paulo Fontoura
- PDMA Neuroscience and Rare Disease, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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Vázquez-Costa JF, Branas-Pampillón M, Medina-Cantillo J, Povedano M, Pitarch-Castellano I, López-Lobato M, Fernández-Ramos JA, Lafuente-Hidalgo M, Rojas-García R, Caballero-Caballero JM, Málaga I, Eirís-Puñal J, De Lemus M, Cattinari MG, Cabello-Moruno R, Díaz-Abós P, Sánchez-Menéndez V, Rebollo P, Maurino J, Madruga-Garrido M. Validation of a Set of Instruments to Assess Patient- and Caregiver-Oriented Measurements in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Results of the SMA-TOOL Study. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:89-105. [PMID: 36269538 PMCID: PMC9837344 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome measures traditionally used in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) clinical trials are inadequate to assess the full range of disease severity. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a set of existing questionnaires and new items, gathering information on the impact of SMA from the patient and caregiver perspectives. METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, noninterventional study including patients with a confirmed diagnosis of 5q-autosomal-recessive SMA aged 8 years and above, or their parents (if aged between 2 and 8 years). The set of outcome measurements included the SMA Independence Scale (SMAIS) patient and caregiver versions, the Neuro-QoL Fatigue Computer Adaptive Test (CAT), the Neuro-QoL Pain Short Form-Pediatric Pain, the PROMIS adult Pain Interference CAT, and new items developed by Fundación Atrofia Muscular España: perceived fatigability, breathing and voice, sleep and rest, and vulnerability. Reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, and sensitivity to change (4 months from baseline) were measured. RESULTS A total of 113 patients were included (59.3% 2-17 years old, 59.3% male, and 50.4% with SMA type II). Patients required moderate assistance [mean patient and caregiver SMAIS (SD) scores were 31.1 (12.8) and 7.6 (11.1), respectively]. Perceived fatigability was the most impacted domain, followed by vulnerability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for perceived fatigability, breathing and voice, and vulnerability total scores were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis identified the main factors considered in the design, except in the sleep and rest domain. All questionnaires were able to discriminate between the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores and SMA types. Sensitivity to change was only found for the SMAIS caregiver version and vulnerability items. CONCLUSIONS This set of outcome measures showed adequate reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity and may constitute a valuable option to measure symptom severity in patients with SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julita Medina-Cantillo
- Rehabilitation and Physical Unit Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Department of Neurology, IDIBELL, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes López-Lobato
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Lafuente-Hidalgo
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Málaga
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Eirís-Puñal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mencía De Lemus
- Fundacion Atrofia Muscular Espinal España (FundAME), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosana Cabello-Moruno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Paola Díaz-Abós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Maurino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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11
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Usefulness of YouTube in Sharing Information about New Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Content Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11010147. [PMID: 36611608 PMCID: PMC9819623 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to objectively assess YouTube videos' quality, reliability, and information delivery capability regarding novel spinal muscular atrophy treatments. Using the keywords "nusinersen", "spinraza", "ridisplam", "evrysdi", "onasemnogene abeparvovec", and "zolgensma", we were able to retrieve and screen 360 videos before settling on a final sample of 99 on 25 September 2022. Then, two independent raters used the mDISCERN and GQS instruments to evaluate the videos' reliability and quality and the Information Delivery Capability (IDC) score to assess the videos' accuracy and patient-friendliness. The quality, reliability, and information delivery capability of the videos about the new treatment for SMA were quite heterogeneous, with an average mDISCERN, GQS, and IDC score of 3.172 ± 0.899, 2.980 ± 1.025, and 4.141 ± 1.747, respectively. In-depth analysis showed that healthcare expert videos that explained contents while showing infographic supplements had good quality, reliability, and information delivery capability. As YouTube is already a dominant media platform, the public may obtain new information about novel therapeutics for SMA through YouTube. It is necessary to consider how SMA patients and caregivers can choose trusted sources with reliable information on YouTube, and our results can provide clues. Additionally, experts should strive to provide more accurate, reliable, and patient-oriented videos.
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Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder related to motor neuron degeneration. SMA patients present generally severe muscular weakness and atrophy, which can reduce life expectancy and lead to severe functional disability. In recent years, the management of this condition has been revolutionized by the development of innovative therapies that target alternative splicing of pre-messenger SMN2 RNA by antisense oligonucleotides or small molecules and by the approval of the first vector-based SMN1 gene therapy. The high significance of the trials in children led to fast-tracking of these therapies to all SMA patients despite the absence of data in adults. Real-life data are progressively providing a better understanding of the expected benefits and tolerability. They also highlight the difficulties of evaluating these patients and the need to take into account the patients' reported expectations and outcome. A review of the main data in adult patients is presented. The mechanisms of action of these innovative therapies are discussed as well as the limits of evaluations of these therapies in adults with longstanding severe amyotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cintas
- Service de neurologie, CHU de Toulouse Purpan, centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire, place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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13
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Staunton H, Cleanthous S, Teodoro V, Barrett L, Braid J, Ewens B, Cano S, Baranello G, Kirschner J, Belter L, Mayhew A. A Mixed-method Approach to Develop an Ambulatory Module of the SMA Independence Scale. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:1093-1109. [PMID: 37742658 PMCID: PMC10657657 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited qualitative data exist on the symptoms and impacts of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) experienced by ambulant individuals. An ambulant module of the SMA Independence Scale (SMAIS) was developed to quantify the assistance required to perform everyday mobility-related activities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a patient-centered module that provides key insights into what constitutes independence for ambulant and near-ambulant individuals with SMA. METHODS A stepwise, mixed-method approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three waves with individuals with SMA and caregivers of children with SMA who were ambulant or near-ambulant (can walk ≥5 steps with support). Wave 1 interviews (n = 20) focused on concept elicitation. Wave 2 and 3 interviews (n = 15, both) involved completion and cognitive debriefing of items generated based on Wave 1 interviews. Therapeutic area experts were consulted throughout all key steps of the study. In particular, feedback was provided for item refinement and response option decisions. A macro-level preliminary, exploratory analysis, using Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), provided insight on measurement properties. RESULTS Wave 1 resulted in 42 mobility and 11 instrumental activity of daily living (iADL) items. During Wave 2, participants defined independence as completing a task with supportive aids but without help from another person, leading to item refinement and modifications to the response scale. Lack of conceptual relevance and ceiling effects led to the removal of all iADL items after Wave 2, and 41 mobility items were tested in Wave 3. Final exploratory RMT and item refinement to reduce overlap led to a 27-item set related to mobility tasks. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides preliminary support for using the 27-item SMAIS-Ambulatory Module for ambulant or near-ambulant individuals with SMA. Larger-scale analyses to further assess the psychometric properties of the scale are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Staunton
- Roche Products Ltd, Hexagon Place, 6 Falcon Way, Shire Park, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1TW, UK
| | - Sophie Cleanthous
- Modus Outcomes, 4th Floor St. James House, St. James Square, Cheltenham, GL50 3PR, UK
| | - Vanda Teodoro
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Barrett
- Modus Outcomes, 4th Floor St. James House, St. James Square, Cheltenham, GL50 3PR, UK
| | - Jessica Braid
- Roche Products Ltd, Hexagon Place, 6 Falcon Way, Shire Park, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1TW, UK
| | - Bethany Ewens
- Modus Outcomes, 4th Floor St. James House, St. James Square, Cheltenham, GL50 3PR, UK
| | - Stefan Cano
- Modus Outcomes, 4th Floor St. James House, St. James Square, Cheltenham, GL50 3PR, UK
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London, & Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Mayhew
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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14
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Mercuri E, Baranello G, Boespflug-Tanguy O, De Waele L, Goemans N, Kirschner J, Masson R, Mazzone ES, Pechmann A, Pera MC, Vuillerot C, Bader-Weder S, Gerber M, Gorni K, Hoffart J, Kletzl H, Martin C, McIver T, Scalco RS, Yeung WY, Servais L. Risdiplam in Types 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial followed by 24 months of treatment. Eur J Neurol 2022. [PMID: 35837793 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein due to deletions and/or mutations in the SMN1 gene. Risdiplam is an orally administered molecule that modifies SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing to increase functional SMN protein. METHODS SUNFISH Part 1 was a dose-finding study conducted in 51 individuals with Types 2 and 3 SMA aged 2-25 years. A dose-escalation method was used to identify the appropriate dose for the subsequent pivotal Part 2. Individuals were randomised (2:1) to risdiplam or placebo at escalating dose levels for a minimum 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled period, followed by treatment for 24 months. The dose selection for Part 2 was based on safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. Exploratory efficacy was also measured. RESULTS There was no difference in safety findings for all assessed dose levels. A dose-dependent increase in blood SMN protein was observed; a median two-fold increase was obtained within 4 weeks of treatment initiation at the highest dose level. The increase in SMN protein was sustained over 24 months of treatment. Exploratory efficacy showed improvement or stabilisation in motor function. The pivotal dose selected for Part 2 was 5 mg for patients with a body weight ≥20 kg or 0.25 mg/kg for patients <20 kg. CONCLUSIONS SUNFISH Part 1 demonstrated a two-fold increase in SMN protein after treatment with risdiplam. The observed safety profile supported the initiation of the pivotal Part 2 study. The long-term efficacy and safety of risdiplam is being assessed with ongoing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London, & Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK.,Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- I-Motion - Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Masson
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena S Mazzone
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Astrid Pechmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Catholic University and Nemo Pediatrico, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique Infantile "L'Escale", Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, Bron, France.,Neuromyogen Institute, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Bader-Weder
- Pharma Development, Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Gerber
- Pharma Development, Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- PDMA Neuroscience and Rare Disease, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Hoffart
- Personalized Healthcare Analytics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidemarie Kletzl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Renata S Scalco
- Pharma Development Neurology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- I-Motion - Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Références des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Liège & University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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15
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Saposnik G, Camacho A, Díaz-Abós P, Brañas-Pampillón M, Sánchez-Menéndez V, Cabello-Moruno R, Terzaghi M, Maurino J, Málaga I. Therapeutic Decision-Making Under Uncertainty in the Management of Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Results From DECISIONS-SMA Study. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:1209-1219. [PMID: 35657490 PMCID: PMC9338192 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are many uncertainties about treatment selection and expectations regarding therapeutic goals and benefits in the new landscape of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Our aim was to assess treatment preferences and expectations of pediatric neurologists caring for patients with SMA. Methods DECISIONS-SMA is a non-interventional, cross-sectional pilot study that assessed pediatric neurologists with expertise in SMA from across Spain. Participants were presented with 11 simulated case scenarios of common encounters of patients with SMA type 1 and 2 to assess treatment initiation, escalation, or switches. We also asked for the expected benefit with new therapies for four simulated case scenarios. Participants completed a behavioral battery to address their tolerance to uncertainty and aversion to ambiguity. The primary outcome was therapeutic inertia (TI), defined as the number of simulated scenarios with lack of treatment initiation or escalation when warranted over the total (11) presented cases. Results A total of 35 participants completed the study. Participants’ mean (SD) expectation for achieving an improvement by starting a new therapy for SMA type 1 (case 1, a 5-month-old) and SMA type 2 (case 6, a 1-year-old) were both 59.6% (± 21.8), but declined to 20.2% (± 12.2) for a case scenario of a 16-year-old treatment-naïve patient with long-standing SMA type 2 with severe disability. The mean (SD) TI score was 4.2 (1.7), and 3.29 (1.5) for treatment initiation. Of a total 385 individual responses, TI was observed in 147 (38.2%) of treatment choices. The multivariable analysis showed that lower aversion to ambiguity (p = 0.019) and lower expectation of treatment response (p = 0.007) were associated with higher TI after adjustment for participants’ age and years of experience. Older age (p = 0.019), lower years of experience (p = 0.035), lower aversion to ambiguity (p = 0.015), and lower expectation of treatment benefits (p = 0.006) were associated with inertia for treatment initiation. Conclusions Pediatric neurologists managing patients with SMA were optimistic regarding treatment improvement in cases with early diagnosis, but had lower expectations when treatment delays and advanced patient age were present. Low aversion to ambiguity, low expectation of treatment benefits, and lower clinical experience were more likely to make suboptimal decisions, resulting in lack of treatment initiation, escalation, and TI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40120-022-00366-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Saposnik
- Clinical Outcomes and Decision Neuroscience Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ana Camacho
- Division of Child Neurology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Terzaghi
- Clinical Outcomes and Decision Neuroscience Unit, Li Ka Shing Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ignacio Málaga
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Paracha N, Hudson P, Mitchell S, Sutherland CS. Systematic Literature Review to Assess the Cost and Resource Use Associated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Management. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:11-38. [PMID: 34761360 PMCID: PMC8994738 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with an estimated incidence of 1 in 10,000 live births. The traditional classification of SMA includes five types (Types 0-4 SMA) based on patient age at disease onset and the highest motor milestone achieved. Spinal muscular atrophy leads to progressive muscle denervation, skeletal muscle atrophy and loss of motor function and ambulation, though phenotypes vary along a disease continuum. Regardless of disease severity, or access to treatment, a multidisciplinary approach to care is required to ease the burden of disease. To date, limited global data exist regarding the cost and resource use associated with SMA management. OBJECTIVE We planned to perform a systematic literature review to identify studies on cost and healthcare resource use associated with SMA. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in 2019 using several electronic databases in addition to supplementary sources and updated in 2021 in order to capture recently published studies. Electronic searches performed in Embase, MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews and EconLit via the Ovid platform were supplemented by searches of the grey literature (reference lists, conference proceedings, global Health Technology Assessment body websites and other relevant sources). Study eligibility criteria were based on the population, interventions, comparators and outcomes (PICO) framework. Quality assessment of full-text publications was evaluated with reference to a published checklist. To accommodate heterogeneity across studies including countries, currencies, populations, time units and methods of reporting used, costs were reported in Euros in 2019. RESULTS A total of 51 publications, comprising 49 unique studies of patients with SMA that met all eligibility criteria were included in the final selection. The publications comprised data from 14 countries and seven additional studies that reported multi-national data. Because of the heterogeneity between the different types of SMA, data were frequently reported separately for individuals with Type 1 or early-onset SMA and for Types 2, 3, and 4 SMA or later-onset SMA. Generally, direct medical costs and resource use were reported to be highest for patients with Type 1 SMA, decreasing incrementally for patients with Type 2 and Type 3 disease. Where cost categories were similar, direct costs were much lower in Europe than in the USA. Indirect costs were primarily associated with informal care, which was a substantial burden on patients and families in terms of both cost and time. Cost drivers were generally found to be dependent on SMA type. CONCLUSIONS Long-term robust studies are required to fully elucidate the economic burden of SMA. Considering that motor function can vary broadly, especially in Type 2 SMA, it would be beneficial to understand how costs and resource use are affected by different degrees of ambulation. Reporting data in terms of achieved motor function could also mitigate the challenges of comparing global data studies of small populations. Global, regional, and/or local data collection platforms and disease registry networks could play an important role in helping to address current data gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Paracha
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124 Building 001/OG13, CH, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - C Simone Sutherland
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124 Building 001/OG13, CH, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
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17
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Lo SH, Lawrence C, Martí Y, Café A, Lloyd AJ. Patient and Caregiver Treatment Preferences in Type 2 and Non-ambulatory Type 3 Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Discrete Choice Experiment Survey in Five European Countries. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:103-115. [PMID: 34897574 PMCID: PMC8994736 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease that affects motor neurons, resulting in progressive skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine treatment preferences of patients and caregivers of patients with Type 2 and non-ambulatory Type 3 SMA in the Netherlands, Belgium, Finland, Ireland and Portugal. METHODS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey was developed to elicit the preferences of adult patients and caregivers regarding different treatment aspects of SMA. This survey built on the design of a similar study undertaken in the UK. The DCE described choice questions in terms of attributes and levels combined using a D-efficient design. The attributes described improvements or worsening in motor and breathing function. The mode of treatment administration (intrathecal injection, single intravenous infusion or regular oral therapy) was described. Treatment risks and side effects related to currently available treatments including risk of liver injury, fatigue, headache, nausea, diarrhoea and rash were described. Lastly, an attribute described whether a treatment had evidence of treatment effectiveness in different SMA types. Participants were recruited via patient advocacy associations to complete an online survey. A clustered conditional logit model was used to estimate treatment preferences. RESULTS Participants (n = 65) were 4.8 times and 8.1 times more likely to choose a treatment with stable or improved (vs worse) motor function, respectively. Similarly, participants were 4.3 times and 5.8 times more likely to choose stable or improved (vs worse) breathing function, respectively. Treatments with a risk of liver injury, fatigue, headache and nausea were 1.6 times less likely to be chosen than treatments with a risk of diarrhoea and rash. Treatments with demonstrated effectiveness in Type 1 SMA only were 2.3 times less likely to be chosen than those with demonstrated effectiveness in Types 1-3 SMA. Treatments administered via intrathecal injections were also 1.8 times less likely to be chosen than daily oral treatments. DISCUSSION Study results show the importance of improvement as well as stabilisation of motor and breathing function to patients and caregivers, and a preference for oral treatments, treatments with demonstrated effectiveness in Types 2-3 SMA, and avoidance of liver injury risk.
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18
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Gusset N. Importance of Patient Involvement in the Value Assessment Process: On the Way Towards Personalised Treatments. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:7-10. [PMID: 34914034 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gusset
- SMA Europe, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- SMA Schweiz, Heimberg, Switzerland.
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19
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Duong T, Staunton H, Braid J, Barriere A, Trzaskoma B, Gao L, Willgoss T, Cruz R, Gusset N, Gorni K, Randhawa S, Yang L, Vuillerot C. A Patient-Centered Evaluation of Meaningful Change on the 32-Item Motor Function Measure in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using Qualitative and Quantitative Data. Front Neurol 2022; 12:770423. [PMID: 35111124 PMCID: PMC8802297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.770423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The 32-item Motor Function Measure (MFM32) is an assessment of motor function used to evaluate fine and gross motor ability in patients with neuromuscular disorders, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Reliability and validity of the MFM32 have been documented in individuals with SMA. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews (N = 40) and an online survey in eight countries (N = 217) with individuals with Types 2 and 3 SMA aged 2–59 years old and caregivers, the meaning of changes on a patient-friendly version of the MFM32 was explored. In an independent analysis of clinical trial data, anchor- and distribution-based analyses were conducted in a sample of individuals with Type 2 and non-ambulant Type 3 SMA to estimate patient-centered quantitative MFM32 meaningful change thresholds. The results from this study demonstrate that, based on patient and caregiver insights, maintaining functional ability as assessed by a patient-friendly version of the MFM32 is an important outcome. Quantitative analyses using multiple anchors (median age range of 5–8 years old across anchor groups) indicated that an ~3-point improvement in MFM32 total score represents meaningful change at the individual patient level. Overall, the qualitative and quantitative findings from this study support the importance of examining a range of meaningful change thresholds on the MFM32 including ≥0 points change reflecting stabilization or improvement and ≥3 points change reflecting a higher threshold of improvement. Future research is needed to explore quantitative differences in meaningful change on the MFM32 based on age and functional subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Duong
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Staunton
- Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Hannah Staunton
| | - Jessica Braid
- Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Barriere
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Mère Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)-Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - Ben Trzaskoma
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Analystat Corporation, Point Roberts, WA, United States
| | - Tom Willgoss
- Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicole Gusset
- SMA Europe, Freiburg, Germany
- SMA Schweiz, Swiss Patient Organisation for Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Heimberg, Switzerland
| | - Ksenija Gorni
- Product Development Medical Affairs, Neuroscience and Rare Disease, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharan Randhawa
- Adelphi Values, Patient-Centered Outcomes, Adelphi Mill, Bollington, United Kingdom
| | - Lida Yang
- Charles River Associates Inc., Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Neuromyogen Institute, CNRS UMR 5310 INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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20
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Mercuri E, Deconinck N, Mazzone ES, Nascimento A, Oskoui M, Saito K, Vuillerot C, Baranello G, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Goemans N, Kirschner J, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Servais L, Gerber M, Gorni K, Khwaja O, Kletzl H, Scalco RS, Staunton H, Yeung WY, Martin C, Fontoura P, Day JW. Safety and efficacy of once-daily risdiplam in type 2 and non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SUNFISH part 2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2021; 21:42-52. [PMID: 34942136 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risdiplam is an oral small molecule approved for the treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy, with approval for use in patients with type 2 and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy granted on the basis of unpublished data. The drug modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the SMN2 gene to increase production of functional SMN. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 2 or non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients aged 2-25 years with confirmed 5q autosomal recessive type 2 or type 3 spinal muscular atrophy were recruited from 42 hospitals in 14 countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Participants were eligible if they were non-ambulant, could sit independently, and had a score of at least 2 in entry item A of the Revised Upper Limb Module. Patients were stratified by age and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either daily oral risdiplam, at a dose of 5·00 mg (for individuals weighing ≥20 kg) or 0·25 mg/kg (for individuals weighing <20 kg), or daily oral placebo (matched to risdiplam in colour and taste). Randomisation was conducted by permutated block randomisation with a computerised system run by an external party. Patients, investigators, and all individuals in direct contact with patients were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the 32-item Motor Function Measure total score at month 12. All individuals who were randomly assigned to risdiplam or placebo, and who did not meet the prespecified missing item criteria for exclusion, were included in the primary efficacy analysis. Individuals who received at least one dose of risdiplam or placebo were included in the safety analysis. SUNFISH is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02908685. Recruitment is closed; the study is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Oct 9, 2017, and Sept 4, 2018, 180 patients were randomly assigned to receive risdiplam (n=120) or placebo (n=60). For analysis of the primary endpoint, 115 patients from the risdiplam group and 59 patients from the placebo group were included. At month 12, the least squares mean change from baseline in 32-item Motor Function Measure was 1·36 (95% CI 0·61 to 2·11) in the risdiplam group and -0·19 (-1·22 to 0·84) in the placebo group, with a treatment difference of 1·55 (0·30 to 2·81, p=0·016) in favour of risdiplam. 120 patients who received risdiplam and 60 who received placebo were included in safety analyses. Adverse events that were reported in at least 5% more patients who received risdiplam than those who received placebo were pyrexia (25 [21%] of 120 patients who received risdiplam vs ten [17%] of 60 patients who received placebo), diarrhoea (20 [17%] vs five [8%]), rash (20 [17%] vs one [2%]), mouth and aphthous ulcers (eight [7%] vs 0), urinary tract infection (eight [7%] vs 0), and arthralgias (six [5%] vs 0). The incidence of serious adverse events was similar between treatment groups (24 [20%] of 120 patients in the risdiplam group; 11 [18%] of 60 patients in the placebo group), with the exception of pneumonia (nine [8%] in the risdiplam group; one [2%] in the placebo group). INTERPRETATION Risdiplam resulted in a significant improvement in motor function compared with placebo in patients aged 2-25 years with type 2 or non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy. Our exploratory subgroup analyses showed that motor function was generally improved in younger individuals and stabilised in older individuals, which requires confirmation in further studies. SUNFISH part 2 is ongoing and will provide additional evidence regarding the long-term safety and efficacy of risdiplam. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Center, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, UZ Gent, Ghent, Belgium; Neuromuscular Reference Center and Paediatric Neurology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena S Mazzone
- Paediatric Neurology and Nemo Center, Catholic University and Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Service de Rééducation Pédiatrique Infantile "L'Escale", Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, Bron, France; Neuromyogen Institute, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217 Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Giovanni Baranello
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London, Great Ormond Street NHS Trust, London, UK; Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- I-Motion, Institut de Myologie, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France; NeuroDiderot, UMR 1141, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Neuropediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- I-Motion, Institut de Myologie, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Centre Hospitalier Régional de La Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Omar Khwaja
- F Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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21
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Baumann T, Das S, Jarrell JA, Nakashima-Paniagua Y, Benitez EA, Gazzaneo MC, Villafranco N. Palliative Care in Pediatric Pulmonology. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8090802. [PMID: 34572234 PMCID: PMC8466481 DOI: 10.3390/children8090802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with End Stage Lung Disease (ESLD) are part of the growing population of individuals with life-limiting conditions of childhood. These patients present with a diverse set of pulmonary, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and developmental conditions. This paper first examines five cases of children with cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neuromuscular disease, pulmonary hypertension, and lung transplantation from Texas Children’s Hospital. We discuss the expected clinical course of each condition, then review the integration of primary and specialized palliative care into the management of each diagnosis. This paper then reviews the management of two children with end staged lung disease at Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, providing an additional perspective for approaching palliative care in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Baumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shailendra Das
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.D.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Jill Ann Jarrell
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Yuriko Nakashima-Paniagua
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (Y.N.-P.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Edith Adriana Benitez
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (Y.N.-P.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Maria Carolina Gazzaneo
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.D.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Natalie Villafranco
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.D.); (M.C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Voermans NC, Vriens-Munoz Bravo M, Padberg GW, Laforêt P. 1st FSHD European Trial Network workshop:Working towards trial readiness across Europe. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:907-918. [PMID: 34404575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N C Voermans
- FSHD Europe, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands.
| | - M Vriens-Munoz Bravo
- FSHD Europe, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - G W Padberg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P Laforêt
- Nord-Est-Ile de France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Myology Institute, Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
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