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Pavón-Romero GF, Serrano-Pérez NH, García-Sánchez L, Ramírez-Jiménez F, Terán LM. Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663535. [PMID: 34055794 PMCID: PMC8155297 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of lower airway disease, characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Type I hypersensitivity underlies all atopic diseases including allergic asthma. However, the role of neurotransmitters (NT) and neuropeptides (NP) in this disease has been less explored in comparison with inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, the airway epithelium contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells filled with neurotransmitters (serotonin and GABA) and neuropeptides (substance P[SP], neurokinin A [NKA], vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], Calcitonin-gene related peptide [CGRP], and orphanins-[N/OFQ]), which are released after allergen exposure. Likewise, the autonomic airway fibers produce acetylcholine (ACh) and the neuropeptide Y(NPY). These NT/NP differ in their effects; SP, NKA, and serotonin exert pro-inflammatory effects, whereas VIP, N/OFQ, and GABA show anti-inflammatory activity. However, CGPR and ACh have dual effects. For example, the ACh-M3 axis induces goblet cell metaplasia, extracellular matrix deposition, and bronchoconstriction; the CGRP-RAMP1 axis enhances Th2 and Th9 responses; and the SP-NK1R axis promotes the synthesis of chemokines in eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. In contrast, the ACh-α7nAChR axis in ILC2 diminishes the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, attenuating lung inflammation whereas, VIP-VPAC1, N/OFQ-NOP axes cause bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects. Some NT/NP as 5-HT and NKA could be used as biomarkers to monitor asthma patients. In fact, the asthma treatment based on inhaled corticosteroids and anticholinergics blocks M3 and TRPV1 receptors. Moreover, the administration of experimental agents such as NK1R/NK2R antagonists and exogenous VIP decrease inflammatory mediators, suggesting that regulating the effects of NT/NP represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis M. Terán
- Department of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Miyahara N. [The role of neuropeptide Y for the development of allergic airway responses]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:360-363. [PMID: 33132250 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that is widely expressed in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Various immune cells express the receptor for NPY, Y1 receptor. NPY modulates these cells via its Y1 receptor, and involvement of NPY in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, has been reported. Increased plasma levels of NPY in asthmatic patients have been reported. NPY polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for asthma in overweight subjects and young adults. We and other researchers have reported that using murine models of allergic airway responses, NPY and Y1 receptor play critical roles for the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Therefore, manipulating NPY-Y1 pathway represents a novel therapeutic target to control allergic airway responses, and might be beneficial for treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences.,Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital
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Oda N, Miyahara N, Taniguchi A, Morichika D, Senoo S, Fujii U, Itano J, Gion Y, Kiura K, Kanehiro A, Maeda Y. Requirement for neuropeptide Y in the development of type 2 responses and allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L407-L417. [PMID: 30604629 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00386.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter that is widely expressed in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Various immune cells express the NPY Y1 receptor. NPY modulates these cells via its Y1 receptor; however, involvement of NPY in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, particularly airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), has not been defined. NPY-deficient and wild-type mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged to house dust mite (HDM) extract, and airway responses were monitored. After sensitization and challenge, NPY-deficient mice showed significantly lower AHR than wild-type mice, and numbers of eosinophils and levels of type 2 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13] in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower. Type 2 cytokine production from splenic mononuclear cells of HDM-sensitized mice was also significantly lower in NPY-deficient mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of CD4 T cells and CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) was significantly lower in the lungs of NPY-deficient mice than in wild-type mice following sensitization and challenge. Significantly fewer CD11c+ APCs phagocytosed HDM in the mediastinal lymph nodes of NPY-deficient mice than in those of wild-type mice. Treatment with BIBO-3304, a NPY receptor antagonist, significantly suppressed development of HDM-induced AHR and inflammation in wild-type mice. These data identify an important contribution of NPY to allergen-induced AHR and inflammation through accumulation of dendritic cells in the airway and promotion of the type 2 immune response. Thus, manipulating NPY represents a novel therapeutic target to control allergic airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Oda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama , Japan.,Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Daisuke Morichika
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Satoru Senoo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Utako Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Junko Itano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
| | - Yuka Gion
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama , Japan.,Division of Pathophysiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Arihiko Kanehiro
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan.,Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama Rosai Hospital , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama , Japan
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Lu Y, Andiappan AK, Lee B, Ho R, Lim TK, Kuan WS, Goh DYT, Mahadevan M, Sim TB, Wang DY, Van Bever HPS, Rotzschke O, Larbi A, Ng TP. Neuropeptide Y associated with asthma in young adults. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:117-121. [PMID: 27469060 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropeptide Y, a widely circulating neurotransmitter, plays a pivotal role in energy balance, immunomodulation and asthma, and several NPY polymorphisms are promising genetic risk factors for asthma and obesity. We explored the associations of candidate NPY gene polymorphisms with prevalent asthma and its relationship with obesity in young adult asthma patients free of other chronic medical morbidity. METHODS Five common gene variants of NPY (rs16147 (-399T/C), rs17149106 (-602G/T), rs16140 (+1000C/G), rs5573 (+1201A/G), rs5574 (+5327C/T)) previously validated to account for most of the NPY expression in vitro and in vivo were investigated in 126 physician-diagnosed asthma patients without other chronic medical morbidity and 182 healthy controls (21-35years). Plasma levels of NPY, adiponectin, and CRP were determined using ELISA, and IL-6 was measured by Luminex in a subgroup of 70 patients and 69 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS In logistic regression models controlling for gender and obesity, the CT genotype of rs5574 (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.30-0.89) and the GT genotype of rs17149106 (OR=5.58, 95%CI: 1.09-28.54) were significantly associated with asthma. No significant interaction between NPY SNP polymorphisms and obesity were detected. Plasma NPY level was correlated with adiponectin levels (p<0.05). Compared with the healthy controls, patients with asthma had higher BMI (p<0.001), adiponectin (p<0.05), IL-6 (p=0.001) and CRP (p<0.001), and lower NPY levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The CT genotype of rs5574 and the GT genotype of rs17149106 are significantly associated with prevalent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tow Keang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital System, Singapore
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yam Thiam Goh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Mahadevan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tiong Beng Sim
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo P S Van Bever
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Liu CL, Zhang JY, Shi GP. Interaction between allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2016; 174:5-22. [PMID: 26608212 PMCID: PMC4826642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established an essential role of mast cells in allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Mast cell deficiency or inactivation protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and diet-induced atherosclerosis, suggesting that mast cells share pathologic activities in both diseases. Allergic asthma and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases that contain similar sets of elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in addition to mast cells in the airway and arterial wall, such as macrophages, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence from experimental models and human studies points to a potential interaction between the 2 seemingly unrelated diseases. Patients or mice with allergic asthma have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis or vice versa, despite the fact that asthma is a T-helper (Th)2-oriented disease, whereas Th1 immunity promotes atherosclerosis. In addition to the preferred Th1/Th2 responses that may differentiate the 2 diseases, mast cells and many other inflammatory cells also contribute to their pathogenesis by more than just T cell immunity. Here, we summarize the different roles of airway and arterial wall inflammatory cells and vascular cells in asthma and atherosclerosis and propose an interaction between the 2 diseases, although limited investigations are available to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 1 disease increases the risk of the other. Results from mouse allergic asthma and atherosclerosis models and from human population studies lead to the hypothesis that patients with atherosclerosis may benefit from antiasthmatic medications or that the therapeutic regimens targeting atherosclerosis may also alleviate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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6
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Lu Y, Ho RCM. An association between neuropeptide Y levels and leukocyte subsets in stress-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:53-8. [PMID: 26673939 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was recently proposed to be associated with stress and airway inflammation; however, this has rarely been studied in animal models of asthma. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 each: naive control group, asthma group (with an established asthma model), and stressed asthma group (with established asthma and stress models). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected for total cell counts using a hemocytometer and for cytological examinations by Wright stain. Differential inflammatory cell counts were performed to identify eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. NPY and corticosterone serum levels were determined with enzyme immunoassay kits. Stress was associated with increased airway inflammatory response, which was manifested by the accumulation of total leukocytes and eosinophils in the BAL fluid in comparison with the asthma and the control groups. The levels of NPY (p<0.05) and corticosterone (p<0.01) were elevated in the stressed asthma group in comparison with the control and asthma groups. The concentration of NPY and corticosterone positively correlated with the total leukocyte count (r=0.892, p<0.05 and r=0.937, p<0.01 respectively) and eosinophil numbers (r=0.806, p=0.053 and r=0.885, p<0.01 respectively). Stress may be associated with elevated peripheral NPY level, which was observed to be associated with exacerbated airway inflammation in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roger Chun-Man Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Li S, Koziol-White C, Jude J, Jiang M, Zhao H, Cao G, Yoo E, Jester W, Morley MP, Zhou S, Wang Y, Lu MM, Panettieri RA, Morrisey EE. Epithelium-generated neuropeptide Y induces smooth muscle contraction to promote airway hyperresponsiveness. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1978-82. [PMID: 27088802 DOI: 10.1172/jci81389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases globally and can be divided into presenting with or without an immune response. Current therapies have little effect on nonimmune disease, and the mechanisms that drive this type of asthma are poorly understood. Here, we have shown that loss of the transcription factors forkhead box P1 (Foxp1) and Foxp4, which are critical for lung epithelial development, in the adult airway epithelium evokes a non-Th2 asthma phenotype that is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) without eosinophilic inflammation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that loss of Foxp1 and Foxp4 expression induces ectopic expression of neuropeptide Y (Npy), which has been reported to be present in the airways of asthma patients, but whose importance in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Treatment of human lung airway explants with recombinant NPY increased airway contractility. Conversely, loss of Npy in Foxp1- and Foxp4-mutant airway epithelium rescued the AHR phenotype. We determined that NPY promotes AHR through the induction of Rho kinase activity and phosphorylation of myosin light chain, which induces airway smooth muscle contraction. Together, these studies highlight the importance of paracrine signals from the airway epithelium to the underlying smooth muscle to induce AHR and suggest that therapies targeting epithelial induction of this phenotype may prove useful in treatment of noneosinophilic asthma.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and asthma are chronic conditions affecting millions of people worldwide. The two conditions also appear to be linked with an increased risk of asthma in people who are obese. The purpose of this review is to describe mechanism(s) that may explain the association between asthma and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence suggests that the association between asthma and obesity is linked by two major phenotypes and three important pathways of obesity-related asthma: one phenotype with primary (often atopic) asthma that is aggravated by obesity and a second phenotype with late-onset nonatopic asthma, which predominantly affects women and primarily seems to be associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Proposed pathways include the mechanical effects of obesity (fewer deep inspirations leading to increased airway hyperresponsiveness), an inflammatory pathway driven by obesity-related cytokines (adipokines), and finally environment and lifestyle changes that have led to an increasing prevalence of obesity over the past 50 years (including exposures in utero, physical activity, and diet) may also result in asthma in predisposed individuals. How these environmental changes influence the occurrence and expression of asthma may depend on the age of exposure and on interactions with genetic susceptibilities. SUMMARY Future research should be directed to shed light on the associations between obesity and asthma phenotypes, modern lifestyles and environmental exposures and genetic susceptibilities. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COAI/A6.
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Lagraauw HM, Westra MM, Bot M, Wezel A, van Santbrink PJ, Pasterkamp G, Biessen EAL, Kuiper J, Bot I. Vascular neuropeptide Y contributes to atherosclerotic plaque progression and perivascular mast cell activation. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:196-203. [PMID: 24858338 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neuropeptide Y is an abundantly expressed neurotransmitter capable of modulating both immune and metabolic responses related to the development of atherosclerosis. NPY receptors are expressed by a number of vascular wall cell types, among which mast cells. However, the direct effects of NPY on atherosclerotic plaque development and progression remain to be investigated. In this study we thus aimed to determine whether NPY is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and to establish its role in atherosclerotic plaque development. METHODS AND RESULTS NPY expression was seen to be increased up to 2-fold in unstable human endarterectomy plaques, as compared to stable plaques, and to be significantly upregulated during lesion progression in apoE(-/-) mice. In apoE(-/-) mice focal overexpression of NPY in the carotid artery significantly increased atherosclerotic plaque size compared to controls, while plaque composition was unaffected. Interestingly, perivascular mast cell activation was significantly higher in the NPY-overexpressing mice, suggesting that NPY may impact plaque progression in part via mast cell activation. Furthermore, in vitro NPY-induced murine mast cell activation resulted in the release of pro-atherogenic mediators including IL-6 and tryptase. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NPY expression is increased during atherogenesis and in particular in unstable plaques. Furthermore, perivascular overexpression of NPY promoted plaque development and perivascular mast cell activation, suggestive of a role for NPY-induced mast cell activation in lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maxime Lagraauw
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijke M Westra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van Santbrink
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wang L, Gao S, Xu W, Zhao S, Zhou J, Wang N, Yuan Z. Allergic asthma accelerates atherosclerosis dependent on Th2 and Th17 in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:20-7. [PMID: 24530901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The chronic inflammation of atherosclerosis is regulated by Th1, while allergic asthma is controlled by Th2. The direct relationship between atherosclerosis and asthma is contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of allergic asthma in atherosclerotic plaque formation and the change of CD4(+) T cells subsets. METHODS AND RESULTS Six-week C57BL/6J or apoE(-/-) mice were sensitized on day 0, 7 and 14, then exposed to aerosolized 1% Ovalbumin (OVA) or PBS 30min/day, 3 times/week for 8 or 16weeks from day 14 onward. The results showed that allergic asthma mice models were successfully established and the accelerated atherosclerosis induced by allergic asthma accompanied with increased Th2 and Th17 cells but not Th1 cells in spleen. Moreover, the expression and production of Th2 and Th17 biomarkers including IL-4 and IL-17A were significantly elevated in asthmatic apoE(-/-) mice. After 8-week treated with the neutralizing antibody of IL-4 or IL-17A, the lesion area in the aortic root of asthmatic apoE(-/-) mice was markedly decreased, and more dramatical result was observed after the combined treatment with IL-4 and IL-17A mAbs. The expression of IgE and FcεRIα in the aortic root of apoE(-/-) mice was markedly increased but was significantly reduced after 8-week treatment with IL-4 mAb. CONCLUSION Allergic asthma accelerates atherosclerosis by modulating the balance of Teff/Treg cells in apoE(-/-) mice, which is associated with increased Th2 and Th17 cells but not Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shannxi Province, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Olza J, Gil-Campos M, Leis R, Rupérez AI, Tojo R, Cañete R, Gil A, Aguilera CM. Influence of variants in the NPY gene on obesity and metabolic syndrome features in Spanish children. Peptides 2013; 45:22-7. [PMID: 23624317 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Variants in the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene have been associated with obesity and its traits. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene with obesity, metabolic syndrome features, and inflammatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers in Spanish children. We recruited 292 obese children and 242 normal-body mass index (BMI) children. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, clinical and metabolic markers, adipokines, and inflammatory (PCR, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and CVD risk biomarkers (MPO, MMP-9, sE-selectin, sVCAM, sICAM, and PAI-1) were analyzed. Seven SNPs in the NPY gene were genotyped. The results of our study indicate that anthropometric measurements, clinical and metabolic markers, adipokines (leptin and resistin), and inflammatory and CVD risk biomarkers were generally elevated in the obese group. The exceptions to this finding included cholesterol, HDL-c, and adiponectin, which were lower in the obese group, and glucose, LDL-c, and MMP-9, which did not differ between the groups. Both rs16147 and rs16131 were associated with the risk of obesity, and the latter was also associated with insulin resistance, triacylglycerols, leptin, and HDL-c. Thus, we confirm the association of rs16147 with obesity, and we demonstrate for the first time the association of rs16131 with obesity and its possible impact on the early onset of metabolic syndrome features, mainly triacylglycerols, in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Center of Biomedical Research, Laboratory 123, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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