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Bahr T, Katuri J, Liang T, Bai Y. Mitochondrial chaperones in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:363-374. [PMID: 34780988 PMCID: PMC8893670 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a family of proteins that maintain cellular protein homeostasis through non-covalent peptide folding and quality control mechanisms. The chaperone proteins found within mitochondria play significant protective roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control, and stress response mechanisms. Defective mitochondrial chaperones have been implicated in aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the two most prominent mitochondrial chaperones: mtHsp60 and mtHsp70. These proteins demonstrate different cellular localization patterns, interact with different targets, and have different functional activities. We discuss the structure and function of these prominent mitochondrial chaperone proteins and give an update on newly discovered regulatory mechanisms and disease implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bahr
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joshua Katuri
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Rehman IU, Ahmad R, Khan I, Lee HJ, Park J, Ullah R, Choi MJ, Kang HY, Kim MO. Nicotinamide Ameliorates Amyloid Beta-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Adult Mouse Brain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040408. [PMID: 33920212 PMCID: PMC8070416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most predominant age-related neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of amyloid beta Aβ1–42 and tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain. It is considered to be the primary cause of cognitive dysfunction. The aggregation of Aβ1–42 leads to neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Since vitamins are basic dietary nutrients that organisms need for their growth, survival, and other metabolic functions, in this study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of nicotinamide (NAM) Vitamin B3 against Aβ1–42 -induced neurotoxicity was investigated in mouse brains. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Aβ1–42 injection elicited neuronal dysfunctions that led to memory impairment and neurodegeneration in mouse brains. After 24 h after Aβ1–42 injection, the mice were treated with NAM (250 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 1 week. For biochemical and Western blot studies, the mice were directly sacrificed, while for confocal and “immunohistochemical staining”, mice were perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde. Our biochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical results showed that NAM can ameliorate neuronal inflammation and apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress through lowering malondialdehyde and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein levels in an Aβ1–42-injected mouse brains, where the regulation of p-JNK further regulated inflammatory marker proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β, transcription factor NF-kB) and apoptotic marker proteins (Bax, caspase 3, PARP1). Furthermore, NAM + Aβ treatment for 1 week increased the amount of survival neurons and reduced neuronal cell death in Nissl staining. We also analyzed memory dysfunction via behavioral studies and the analysis showed that NAM could prevent Aβ1–42 -induced memory deficits. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that NAM may be a potential preventive and therapeutic candidate for Aβ1–42 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurotoxicity in an adult mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Jungsung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
| | - Myeong Jun Choi
- Research and Development Center, Axceso Bio-pharma co, Anyang 14056, Korea;
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (I.U.R.); (R.A.); (I.K.); (H.J.L.); (J.P.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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Kim YJ, Kim SM, Jeong DH, Lee SK, Ahn ME, Ryu OH. Associations between metabolic syndrome and type of dementia: analysis based on the National Health Insurance Service database of Gangwon province in South Korea. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:4. [PMID: 33407809 PMCID: PMC7789546 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and dementia has remained controversial. Using nationwide population cohort data, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and dementia, according to the dementia type. METHODS We analyzed data of 84,144 individuals, in the aged group of more than 60 years, between January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2009, at Gangwon province by using the information of the (Korean) National Health Insurance Service. After eight years of gap, in 2017, we investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome and dementia. We classified Dementia either as dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) or vascular dementia (VD). AD and VD were defined as per the criteria of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined the associations between metabolic syndrome or five metabolic syndrome components and dementia. Analyses included factors like age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, previous stroke, and previous cardiac disease. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was associated with AD (OR = 11.48, 95% CI 9.03-14.59), not with VD. Each of five components of metabolic syndrome were also associated with AD. (high serum triglycerides: OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.60-2.19; high blood pressure: OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55-2.21; high glucose: OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.52-2.06; abdominal obesity: OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.57-2.25; low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.63-2.24) However, among components of metabolic syndrome, only the high glucose level was associated with VD. (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.56) body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and smoking were also associated with AD. (BMI: OR = 0.951, 95% CI 0.927-0.975; fasting glucose: OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005; smoking: OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.003-1.039) A history of the previous stroke was associated with both AD and VD. (AD: OR = 1.827, 95% CI 1.263-2.644; VD: OR 2.775, 95% CI 1.747-4.406) CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome was associated with AD but not with VD. Patients with metabolic syndrome had an 11.48 times more likeliness to develop AD compared to those without metabolic syndrome. VD was associated only with several risk factors that could affect the vascular state rather than a metabolic syndrome. We suggested that the associations between metabolic syndrome and dementia would vary depending on the type of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Kim
- Department of Big Data Analytics, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Jeong
- Research Institute for Gangwon, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Eob Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ohk-Hyun Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 77 Sakju-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24253 Republic of Korea
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Diaz A, Treviño S, Pulido-Fernandez G, Martínez-Muñoz E, Cervantes N, Espinosa B, Rojas K, Pérez-Severiano F, Montes S, Rubio-Osornio M, Jorge G. Epicatechin Reduces Spatial Memory Deficit Caused by Amyloid-β25⁻35 Toxicity Modifying the Heat Shock Proteins in the CA1 Region in the Hippocampus of Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050113. [PMID: 31052185 PMCID: PMC6562866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia and the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ). Aβ25-35 is the most neurotoxic sequence, whose mechanism is associated with the neuronal death in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus (Hp) and cognitive damage. Likewise, there are mechanisms of neuronal survival regulated by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Studies indicate that pharmacological treatment with flavonoids reduces the prevalence of AD, particularly epicatechin (EC), which shows better antioxidant activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of EC on neurotoxicity that causes Aβ25-35 at the level of spatial memory as well as the relationship with immunoreactivity of HSPs in the CA1 region of the Hp of rats. Our results show that EC treatment reduces the deterioration of spatial memory induced by the Aβ25-35, in addition to reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the Hp of the animals treated with EC + Aβ25-35. Likewise, the immunoreactivity to HSP-60, -70, and -90 is lower in the EC + Aβ25-35 group compared to the Aβ25-35 group, which coincides with a decrease of dead neurons in the CA1 region of the Hp. Our results suggest that EC reduces the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35, as well as the HSP-60, -70, and -90 immunoreactivity and neuronal death in the CA1 region of the Hp of rats injected with Aβ25-35, which favors an improvement in the function of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Diaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Pulido-Fernandez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue. PC. 72540, Mexico.
| | - Estefanía Martínez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Nallely Cervantes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Karla Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Psicologia. Universidad del Valle de México, sede Sur., Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 04910, Mexico.
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Moises Rubio-Osornio
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerarivas, SSA, Ciudad de Mexico, PC. 14269, Mexico.
| | - Guevara Jorge
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México PC. 04510, Mexico.
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Rojas-Gutierrez E, Muñoz-Arenas G, Treviño S, Espinosa B, Chavez R, Rojas K, Flores G, Díaz A, Guevara J. Alzheimer's disease and metabolic syndrome: A link from oxidative stress and inflammation to neurodegeneration. Synapse 2017. [PMID: 28650104 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among the aging population. AD diagnosis is made post-mortem, and the two pathologic hallmarks, particularly evident in the end stages of the illness, are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Currently, there is no curative treatment for AD. Additionally, there is a strong relation between oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, and AD. The high levels of circulating lipids and glucose imbalances amplify lipid peroxidation that gradually diminishes the antioxidant systems, causing high levels of oxidative metabolism that affects cell structure, leading to neuronal damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that AD is closely related to a dysfunction of both insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the brain, leading to an insulin-resistant brain state. Four drugs are currently used for this pathology: Three FDA-approved cholinesterase inhibitors and one NMDA receptor antagonist. However, wide varieties of antioxidants are promissory to delay or prevent the symptoms of AD and may help in treating the disease. Therefore, therapeutic efforts to achieve attenuation of oxidative stress could be beneficial in AD treatment, attenuating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and improve neurological outcomes in AD. The term inflammaging characterizes a widely accepted paradigm that aging is accompanied by a low-grade chronic up-regulation of certain pro-inflammatory responses in the absence of overt infection, and is a highly significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rojas-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Muñoz-Arenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias-INER, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Chavez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla Rojas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Cruz-González T, Cortez-Torres E, Perez-Severiano F, Espinosa B, Guevara J, Perez-Benitez A, Melendez FJ, Díaz A, Ramírez RE. Antioxidative stress effect of epicatechin and catechin induced by Aβ 25-35 in rats and use of the electrostatic potential and the Fukui function as a tool to elucidate specific sites of interaction. Neuropeptides 2016; 59:89-95. [PMID: 27118677 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques and cerebral vasculature. The Aβ25-35 fraction has shown the most toxicity; its neurotoxic mechanisms are associated with the generation of oxidative stress and reactive astrogliosis that induce neuronal death and memory impairment. Studies indicate that pharmacological treatment with flavonoids reduces the rate of AD, in particular, it has been shown that antioxidants are compounds that could interact with this peptide due to their antioxidant proprieties. In this study, experimental and computational tools were used to calculate the molecular electrostatic potential and the Fukui function with the Gaussian 09 computational program, to predict the most reactive parts of these molecules and make the complex between Aβ25-35 and two flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin) in the absolute gas-phase, where a possible interaction between them was observed. This is important for understanding the Aβ25-35-Flavonoid (A-F) interaction as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit the neurotoxic effects that this peptide causes in AD, which currently is still considered an ambiguous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Cruz-González
- Departamento de Fisicomatematicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Estephania Cortez-Torres
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenrativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Perez-Severiano
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón Perez-Benitez
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Melendez
- Lab. de Química Teórica, Centro de Investigación, Dpto. de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. 105-I, San Claudio y 22 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
| | - Ramsés E Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisicomatematicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico.
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Protective Effects of Liquiritin on the Brain of Rats with Alzheimer's Disease. W INDIAN MED J 2016; 64:468-472. [PMID: 27399208 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sort of nerve degenerative disease with clinical manifestation of memory damage and cognitive dysfunction. Its typical pathological change is the abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Method In this study, a rat AD model with liquiritin (LQ) interference was established to observe the effects of LQ on the AD rats' behavioural memory and primary hippocampus cells. Results Liquiritin had the effect of improving the rats' learning and memory ability, enhancing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rats' brain tissues, increasing the antioxidant ability, protecting the primary cultured hippocampal neurons and inhibiting the apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35. Conclusion The protective effects of LQ can be related to the enhancement of antioxidase activity and clearance of oxygen radicals.
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Lu D, Xu A, Mai H, Zhao J, Zhang C, Qi R, Wang H, Lu D, Zhu L. The synergistic effects of heat shock protein 70 and ginsenoside Rg1 against tert-butyl hydroperoxide damage model in vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:437127. [PMID: 25685255 PMCID: PMC4312651 DOI: 10.1155/2015/437127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplanted is one of the hottest research to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), but cholinergic neurons from stem cells were also susceptible to cell death which Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was affirmed to reverse. Related to cognitive impairment, cholinergic nervous cells should be investigated and ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) was considered to increase them. We chose tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) damage model to study in vitro. Functional properties of our recombination plasmid pEGFP-C2-HSP70 were affirmed by SH-SY5Y cells. To opposite the transitory appearance of HSP70, NSCs used as the vectors of HSP70 gene overexpressed HSP70 for at least 7 days in vitro. After transfection for 3 days, G-Rg1 pretreatment for 4 hours, and coculture for 3 days, the expression of acetylcholinesterase (ChAT), synaptophysin, and the ratio of NeuN and GFAP were assessed by western blot; Morphological properties were detected by 3D reconstruction and immunofluorescence. ChAT was markedly improved in the groups contained G-Rg1. In coculture system, the ratio of neurons/astrocytes and the filaments of neurons were increased; apoptosis cells were decreased, compared to monotherapy (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that, as a safe cotreatment affirmed in vitro, overexpression of HSP70 in NSCs plus G-Rg1 promoted nervous cells regeneration from chronic oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Anding Xu
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hongcheng Mai
- 2Department of Internal Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Renbin Qi
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- *Daxiang Lu: and
| | - Lihong Zhu
- 1Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- *Lihong Zhu:
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de Rivero Vaccari JP, Brand FJ, Sedaghat C, Mash DC, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. RIG-1 receptor expression in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:67. [PMID: 24694234 PMCID: PMC3977677 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and involves activation of the innate immune response via recognition of diverse stimuli by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The inflammatory inducers and precise innate signaling pathway contributing to AD pathology remain largely undefined. RESULTS In the present study we analyzed expression levels of innate immune proteins in temporal and occipital cortices from preclinical (no cognitive impairment, NCI, N = 22) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N = 20) associated with AD pathology (N = 20) and AD patients (N = 23). We found that retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-1) is significantly elevated in the temporal cortex and plasma in patients with MCI. In addition, primary human astrocytes stimulated with the RIG-1 ligand 5'ppp RNA showed increased expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid-β (Aβ), supporting the idea that RIG-1 is involved in the pathology of MCI associated with early progression to AD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that RIG-1 may play a critical role in incipient AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Frank J Brand
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christina Sedaghat
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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