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Coy D, Cruz-Carrillo A, Lizarazo-Cely S. Some phytotoxins causing reproductive alterations in ruminants. Toxicon 2024; 247:107769. [PMID: 38795851 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The presence of phytotoxins in plants constitutes a health risk for herbivores, particularly on ruminants who accidently consume them. Among the adverse effects produced by these are reproductive alterations, represented by abortion, infertility, and morphological alterations in neonates, which are frequently attributed to other causes. While in some cases the plants that contain such metabolites are known, other times they are not, leading to alterations that are difficult to treat considering that their toxicodynamics are unknown. The objective of this documentary research is to provide information on how metabolites such as phytoestrogens, L-mimosine, labdane diterpenoids - isocupressic acid, quinolizidine alkaloids and piperidine swainsonine, anabasine, coniine and associated alkaloids, among others, exert their action in the animal organism and the effects they produce.
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2
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Mazzotta S, Rositano V, Senaldi L, Bernardi A, Allegrini P, Appendino G. Scalemic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1647-1671. [PMID: 37439042 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2022The area of scalemic natural products is often enigmatic from a mechanistic standpoint, since low optical purity is observed in compounds having multiple contiguous stereogenic centers resulting from mechanistically distinct biogenetic steps. A scalemic state is rarely the result of a sloppy enzymatic activity, rather resulting from the expression of antipodal enzymes/directing proteins or from the erosion of optical purity by enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Evidence for these processes is critically reviewed, identifying the mechanisms most often associated to the enzymatic generation of scalemic natural products and also discussing analytical exploitations of natural products' scalemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rositano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Luca Senaldi
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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3
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Patel RN, Clare RH, Ledsgaard L, Nys M, Kool J, Laustsen AH, Ulens C, Casewell NR. An in vitro assay to investigate venom neurotoxin activity on muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation and for the discovery of toxin-inhibitory molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115758. [PMID: 37604290 PMCID: PMC10570928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that causes over 100,000 deaths annually. Envenomings result in variable pathologies, but systemic neurotoxicity is among the most serious and is currently only treated with difficult to access and variably efficacious commercial antivenoms. Venom-induced neurotoxicity is often caused by α-neurotoxins antagonising the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a ligand-gated ion channel. Discovery of therapeutics targeting α-neurotoxins is hampered by relying on binding assays that do not reveal restoration of receptor activity or more costly and/or lower throughput electrophysiology-based approaches. Here, we report the validation of a screening assay for nAChR activation using immortalised TE671 cells expressing the γ-subunit containing muscle-type nAChR and a fluorescent dye that reports changes in cell membrane potential. Assay validation using traditional nAChR agonists and antagonists, which either activate or block ion fluxes, was consistent with previous studies. We then characterised antagonism of the nAChR by a variety of elapid snake venoms that cause muscle paralysis in snakebite victims, before defining the toxin-inhibiting activities of commercial antivenoms, and new types of snakebite therapeutic candidates, namely monoclonal antibodies, decoy receptors, and small molecules. Our findings show robust evidence of assay uniformity across 96-well plates and highlight the amenability of this approach for the future discovery of new snakebite therapeutics via screening campaigns. The described assay therefore represents a useful first-step approach for identifying α-neurotoxins and their inhibitors in the context of snakebite envenoming, and it should provide wider value for studying modulators of nAChR activity from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit N Patel
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK; Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Rachel H Clare
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK; Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Line Ledsgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mieke Nys
- Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chris Ulens
- Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK; Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, L3 5QA, UK.
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4
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Buyel JF. Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1238917. [PMID: 37614627 PMCID: PMC10442644 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1238917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Numerous plant species have been investigated for the production of a broad range of protein-based drug candidates. The inherent safety of these products is frequently highlighted as an advantage of PMF because plant viruses do not replicate in humans and vice versa. However, a more nuanced analysis of this principle is required when considering other pathogens because toxic compounds pose a risk even in the absence of replication. Similarly, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with the host system (e.g., the presence of toxic secondary metabolites) and the production approach (e.g., transient expression based on bacterial infiltration substantially increases the endotoxin load). This review considers the most relevant host systems in terms of their toxicity profile, including the presence of secondary metabolites, and the risks arising from the persistence of these substances after downstream processing and product purification. Similarly, we discuss a range of plant pathogens and disease vectors that can influence product safety, for example, due to the release of toxins. The ability of downstream unit operations to remove contaminants and process-related toxic impurities such as endotoxins is also addressed. This overview of plant-based production, focusing on product safety aspects, provides recommendations that will allow stakeholders to choose the most appropriate strategies for process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Buyel
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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5
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Bondarenko SP, Mrug GP, Vinogradova VI, Frasinyuk MS. Synthesis of New Conjugates of Coumarins with Anabasine and Cytisine. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Lin SX, Curtis MA, Sperry J. Pyridine alkaloids with activity in the central nervous system. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115820. [PMID: 33120080 PMCID: PMC7561606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses all pyridine alkaloids with CNS activity, their therapeutic potential, and the interesting array of sources whence they originate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon X Lin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ, Clayton MJ. Plant-Induced Reproductive Disease, Abortion, and Teratology in Livestock. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:735-743. [PMID: 33032703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether poisoned by grazing toxic plants or by eating feeds that are contaminated by toxic plants, affected livestock often have compromised reproductive function including infertility, abortion, and fetal deformities. Certainly all diagnostic tools-field studies, clinical signs, gross and microscopic pathology as well as chemical identification of plant and plant toxins in animal samples-are essential to make an accurate diagnosis, to develop intervening management strategies and to improve the reproductive performance. The objectives of this review are to briefly introduce toxic plants that are reproductive toxins, abortifacients, or teratogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Stegelmeier
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - T Zane Davis
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Michael J Clayton
- USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA
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8
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Malakar CC. Recent Advances in Pyridine‐Based Organocatalysis and its Application towards Valuable Chemical Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
| | - C. C. Malakar
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Manipur Langol, Imphal 795004, Manipur India
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9
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Xing H, Keshwah S, Rouchaud A, Kem WR. A Pharmacological Comparison of Two Isomeric Nicotinic Receptor Agonists: The Marine Toxin Isoanatabine and the Tobacco Alkaloid Anatabine. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E106. [PMID: 32053997 PMCID: PMC7073524 DOI: 10.3390/md18020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms possess "secondary" compounds to avoid consumption or to immobilize prey. While the most abundant or active compounds are initially investigated, more extensive analyses reveal other "minor" compounds with distinctive properties that may also be of biomedical and pharmaceutical significance. Here, we present an initial in vitro investigation of the actions of two isomeric tetrahydropyridyl ring-containing anabasine analogs: isoanatabine, an alkaloid isolated from a marine worm, and anatabine, a relatively abundant minor alkaloid in commercial tobacco plants. Both compounds have a double bond that is distal to the piperidine ring nitrogen of anabasine. Racemic isoanatabine and anatabine were synthesized and their S- and R-enantiomers were isolated by chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both isoanatabines displayed higher efficacies at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relative to the anatabines; R-isoanatabine was most potent. Radioligand binding experiments revealed similar α4β2 nAChR binding affinities for the isoanatabines, but R-anatabine affinity was twice that of S-anatabine. While the two anatabines and S-isoanatabine were highly efficacious agonists at α7 nAChRs, R-isoanatabine was only a weak partial agonist. The four compounds share an ability to stimulate both α4β2 and α7 nAChRs, a property that may be useful in developing more efficacious drugs to treat neurodegenerative and other medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William R. Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA (S.K.)
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10
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Investigation of the Possible Pharmacologically Active Forms of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Anabaseine. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110614. [PMID: 31671780 PMCID: PMC6891768 DOI: 10.3390/md17110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major forms of the nicotinic agonist toxin anabaseine (cyclic iminium, cyclic imine and the monocationic open-chain ammonium-ketone) co-exist in almost equal concentrations at physiological pH. We asked the question: Which of these forms is pharmacologically active? First, we investigated the pH dependence of anabaseine inhibition of [3H]-methylcarbamylcholine binding at rat brain α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These experiments indicated that one or both monocationic forms interact with the orthosteric binding site for ACh. However, since they occur at equal concentrations near physiological pH, we employed another approach, preparing a stable analog of each form and examining its agonist activities and binding affinities at several vertebrate brain and neuromuscular nAChRs. Only 2-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine monohydrogen chloride (PTHP), the cyclic iminium analog, displayed nAChR potencies and binding affinities similar to anabaseine. The cyclic imine analog 2,3'-bipyridyl and the open-chain ammonium-ketone analog 5-methylamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-pentanone (MAPP), displayed ≤1% of the activity predicted if the one form was solely active. The lower potency of weakly basic 2,3'-bipyridyl can be explained by the presence of a small concentration of its monocationic form. Since the open chain ammonium-ketone monocationic form of anabaseine has some structural similarity to the neurotransmitter GABA, we also tested the ability of anabaseine and its 1,2-dehydropyrrolidinyl analog myosmine to activate a mammalian GABAA receptor, but no activity was detected. We conclude that the monocationic cyclic iminium is the form which avidly binds and activates vertebrate nAChRs.
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11
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Bondarenko SP, Mrug GP, Vinogradova VI, Khilya VP, Frasinyuk MS. Conjugation of the Alkaloid Anabasine to Coumarins. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Charvet CL, Guégnard F, Courtot E, Cortet J, Neveu C. Nicotine-sensitive acetylcholine receptors are relevant pharmacological targets for the control of multidrug resistant parasitic nematodes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:540-549. [PMID: 30502120 PMCID: PMC6287576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of parasitic nematodes impacting animal health relies on the use of broad spectrum anthelmintics. However, intensive use of these drugs has led to the selection of resistant parasites in livestock industry. In that respect, there is currently an urgent need for novel compounds able to control resistant parasites. Nicotine has also historically been used as a de-wormer but was removed from the market when modern anthelmintics became available. The pharmacological target of nicotine has been identified in nematodes as acetylcholine-gated ion channels. Nicotinic-sensitive acetylcholine receptors (N-AChRs) therefore represent validated pharmacological targets that remain largely under-exploited. In the present study, using an automated larval migration assay (ALMA), we report that nicotinic derivatives efficiently paralyzed a multiple (benzimidazoles/levamisole/pyrantel/ivermectin) resistant field isolate of H. contortus. Using C. elegans as a model we confirmed that N-AChRs are preferential targets for nornicotine and anabasine. Functional expression of the homomeric N-AChR from C. elegans and the distantly related horse parasite Parascaris equorum in Xenopus oocytes highlighted some striking differences in their respective pharmacological properties towards nicotine derivative sensitivity. This work validates the exploitation of the nicotine receptors of parasitic nematodes as targets for the development of resistance-breaking compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Courtot
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jacques Cortet
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Cedric Neveu
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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13
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14
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Hellinghausen G, Roy D, Wang Y, Lee JT, Lopez DA, Weatherly CA, Armstrong DW. A comprehensive methodology for the chiral separation of 40 tobacco alkaloids and their carcinogenic E/Z-(R,S)-tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolites. Talanta 2018; 181:132-141. [PMID: 29426492 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The predominant enantiomer of nicotine found in nature is (S)-nicotine and its pharmacology has been widely established. However, pharmacologic information concerning individual enantiomers of nicotine-related compounds is limited. Recently, a modified macrocyclic glycopeptide chiral selector was found to be highly stereoselective for most tobacco alkaloids and metabolites. This study examines the semi-synthetic and native known macrocyclic glycopeptides for chiral recognition, separation, and characterization of the largest group of nicotine-related compounds ever reported (tobacco alkaloids, nicotine metabolites and derivatives, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines). The enantioseparation of nicotine is accomplished in less than 20s for example. All liquid chromatography separations are mass spectrometry compatible for the tobacco alkaloids, as well as their metabolites. Ring-closed, cyclized structures were identified and separated from their ring-open, straight chain equilibrium structures. Also, E/Z-tobacco-specific nitrosamines and their enantiomers were directly separated. E/Z isomers also are known to have different physical and chemical properties and biological activities. This study provides optimal separation conditions for the analysis of nicotine-related isomers, which in the past have been reported to be ineffectively separated which can result in inaccurate results. The methodology of this study could be applied to cancer studies, and lead to more information about the role of these isomers in other diseases and as treatment for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Hellinghausen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Daipayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Yadi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jauh T Lee
- AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Diego A Lopez
- AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Choyce A Weatherly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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15
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Fitch RW, Snider BB, Zhou Q, Foxman BM, Pandya AA, Yakel JL, Olson TT, Al-Muhtasib N, Xiao Y, Welch KD, Panter KE. Absolute Configuration and Pharmacology of the Poison Frog Alkaloid Phantasmidine. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1029-1035. [PMID: 29671588 PMCID: PMC7142328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phantasmidine, a rigid congener of the well-known nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist epibatidine, is found in the same species of poison frog ( Epipedobates anthonyi). Natural phantasmidine was found to be a 4:1 scalemic mixture, enriched in the (2a R,4a S,9a S) enantiomer by chiral-phase LC-MS comparison to the synthetic enantiomers whose absolute configurations were previously established by Mosher's amide analysis. The major enantiomer has the opposite S configuration at the benzylic carbon to natural epibatidine, whose benzylic carbon is R. Pharmacological characterization of the synthetic racemate and separated enantiomers established that phantasmidine is ∼10-fold less potent than epibatidine, but ∼100-fold more potent than nicotine in most receptors tested. Unlike epibatidine, phantasmidine is sharply enantioselective in its activity and the major natural enantiomer whose benzylic carbon has the 4a S configuration is more active. The stereoselective pharmacology of phantasmidine is ascribed to its rigid and asymmetric shape as compared to the nearly symmetric conformations previously suggested for epibatidine enantiomers. While phantasmidine itself is too toxic for direct therapeutic use, we believe it is a useful platform for the development of potent and selective nicotinic agonists, which may have value as pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Fitch
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Indiana State University , Terre Haute , Indiana 47809 , United States
| | - Barry B Snider
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University MS 015 , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University MS 015 , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Bruce M Foxman
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University MS 015 , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Anshul A Pandya
- Neurobiology Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH/DHHS , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Jerrel L Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH/DHHS , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Thao T Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology , Georgetown University , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Nour Al-Muhtasib
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology , Georgetown University , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Yingxian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology , Georgetown University , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
| | - Kip E Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service , Logan , Utah 84341 , United States
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16
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Green BT, Lee ST, Keele JW, Welch KD, Cook D, Pfister JA, Kem WR. Complete inhibition of fetal movement in the day 40 pregnant goat model by the piperidine alkaloid anabasine but not related alkaloids. Toxicon 2018; 144:61-67. [PMID: 29452148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Four chemically similar alkaloids, anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), are potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists of fetal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human TE-671 cells. Based on results with these cells, we hypothesized that the alkaloids would completely inhibit ultrasound-monitored fetal movement in a goat model. Different, single doses of anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine, DMPP, or saline control were administered I.V. to pregnant goats on day 40 of gestation and the number of fetal movements per 5 min sample was measured by ultrasound at times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. The differences among does in fetal movements were more consistent at dosing and following recovery for doses of anabasine above 0.125 mg/kg compared to the other compounds and dosages. Anabasine actions were dose-dependent with an IC50 value of ∼0.1 mg/kg, and, at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg, completely inhibited fetal movement for 1.5 h after dosing. Anabaseine, epibatidine, and DMPP failed to completely inhibit fetal movement in day 40 pregnant goats at doses predicted to be effective. These results suggest that while experiments with TE-671 cells provide valuable information and predictions of the actions of plant alkaloids on fetal movement, in vivo experiments are still required in order to determine the ability of an alkaloid to inhibit fetal movement in livestock species. Moreover, other pharmacological properties such as receptor differences between mammalian species and differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the alkaloids also are likely to weaken teratologic predictions based solely on the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J W Keele
- USDA-ARS Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - W R Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 S. W. Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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17
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Cook D. Anagyrine desensitization of peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A potential biomarker of quinolizidine alkaloid teratogenesis in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:195-200. [PMID: 28494312 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anagyrine, a teratogenic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Lupinus spp., is proposed to undergo metabolism by pregnant cattle to a piperidine alkaloid which inhibits fetal movement, the putative mechanism behind crooked calf syndrome. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that anagyrine but not lupanine or sparteine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in a cell culture model. SH-SY5Y cells expressing autonomic nAChR, and TE-671 cells expressing fetal muscle-type nAChR were exposed to lupine alkaloids or Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) in log10 molar increments from 10nM to 100μM and then to a fixed concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) (10μM for SH-SY5Y cells and 1μM for TE-671 cells) and the responses measured with a membrane potential sensing dye to assess nAChR activation and desensitization. The selective ganglionic nAChR agonist DMPP used as a positive control, was a potent activator and desensitizer of nAChR expressed by SH-SY5Y cells. Lupanine was a weak agonist and desensitizer in SH-SY5Y cells and sparteine was without effect. Anagyrine acted as a partial agonist in both cell lines with EC50 values of 4.2 and 231μM in SH-SY5Y and TE-671 cells, respectively. Anagyrine was a desensitizer of nAChR with DC50 values of 6.9 and 139μM in SH-SY5Y and TE-671 cells, respectively. These results confirm the hypothesis that anagyrine is a potent and effective desensitizer of nAChR, and that anagyrine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nAChR. Moreover, serum anagyrine concentrations may be a potential biomarker for lupine teratogenicity in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT, USA
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Kaczorowski RL, Markman S. Nectar alkaloids of tree tobacco can reduce Palestine sunbird foraging performance in a colour discrimination task. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Activation and Desensitization of Peripheral Muscle and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Selected, Naturally-Occurring Pyridine Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070204. [PMID: 27384586 PMCID: PMC4963837 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teratogenic alkaloids can cause developmental defects due to the inhibition of fetal movement that results from desensitization of fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We investigated the ability of two known teratogens, the piperidinyl-pyridine anabasine and its 1,2-dehydropiperidinyl analog anabaseine, to activate and desensitize peripheral nAChRs expressed in TE-671 and SH-SY5Y cells. Activation-concentration response curves for each alkaloid were obtained in the same multi-well plate. To measure rapid desensitization, cells were first exposed to five potentially-desensitizing concentrations of each alkaloid in log10 molar increments from 10 nM to 100 µM and then to a fixed concentration of acetylcholine (ACh), which alone produces near-maximal activation. The fifty percent desensitization concentration (DC50) was calculated from the alkaloid concentration-ACh response curve. Agonist fast desensitization potency was predicted by the agonist potency measured in the initial response. Anabaseine was a more potent desensitizer than anabasine. Relative to anabaseine, nicotine was more potent to autonomic nAChRs, but less potent to the fetal neuromuscular nAChRs. Our experiments have demonstrated that anabaseine is more effective at desensitizing fetal muscle-type nAChRs than anabasine or nicotine and, thus, it is predicted to be more teratogenic.
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20
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Welch KD, Panter KE, Lee ST, Gardner DR. The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats. Toxicon 2015; 93:119-24. [PMID: 25451537 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sustained inhibition of fetal movement in livestock species, induced by several poisonous plants, can result in numerous skeletal-contracture malformations. Lupines are responsible for a condition in cattle referred to as "crooked calf syndrome" that occurs when pregnant cattle graze teratogenic lupines. Similar malformations are also seen in animals poisoned by Conium maculatum (coniine) and Nicotiana glauca (anabasine). A proposed management strategy to limit these types of birth defects includes utilizing an intermittent grazing schedule to allow short durations of grazing lupine-infested areas interrupted by movement to a lupine-free pasture. The objective of this study was to use a goat model to determine if an intermittent schedule of five continuous days on treatment followed by two days off treatment would be sufficient to decrease, or prevent, the incidence of anabasine-induced malformations. The data from this study suggest that, for N. glauca in goats, the intermittent grazing program of five days exposure with two days of non-exposure is insufficient to prevent significant skeletal malformations from occurring. However, this study did demonstrate an inverse relationship between the amount of serum anabasine in the dam and the extent of fetal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
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21
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Panter KE. Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:235-46. [PMID: 24339035 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of a developing embryo or fetus to alkaloids from plants, plant products, or plant extracts has the potential to cause developmental defects in humans and animals. These defects may have multiple causes, but those induced by piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloids arise from the inhibition of fetal movement and are generally referred to as multiple congenital contracture-type deformities. These skeletal deformities include arthrogyrposis, kyposis, lordosis, scoliosis, and torticollis, associated secondary defects, and cleft palate. Structure-function studies have shown that plant alkaloids with a piperidine ring and a minimum of a three-carbon side-chain α to the piperidine nitrogen are teratogenic. Further studies determined that an unsaturation in the piperidine ring, as occurs in gamma coniceine, or anabaseine, enhances the toxic and teratogenic activity, whereas the N-methyl derivatives are less potent. Enantiomers of the piperidine teratogens, coniine, ammodendrine, and anabasine, also exhibit differences in biological activity, as shown in cell culture studies, suggesting variability in the activity due to the optical rotation at the chiral center of these stereoisomers. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism at the nicotinic pharmacophore and biological activities, as it is currently understood, of a group of piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid teratogens that impart a series of flexure-type skeletal defects and cleft palate in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, Utah, 84321
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22
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Ellis-Hutchings RG, Rasoulpour RJ, Terry C, Carney EW, Billington R. Human relevance framework evaluation of a novel rat developmental toxicity mode of action induced by sulfoxaflor. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 2:45-62. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.910752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Kaczorowski RL, Koplovich A, Sporer F, Wink M, Markman S. Immediate effects of nectar robbing by Palestine sunbirds (Nectarinia osea) on nectar alkaloid concentrations in tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca). J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:325-30. [PMID: 24692053 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), such as alkaloids, are often found in many parts of a plant, including flowers, providing protection to the plant from various types of herbivores or microbes. PSMs are also present in the floral nectar of many species, but typically at lower concentrations than in other parts of the plant. Nectar robbers often damage floral tissue to access the nectar. By doing so, these nectar robbers may initiate an increase of PSMs in the floral nectar. It is often assumed that it takes at least a few hours before the plant demonstrates an increase in PSMs. Here, we addressed the question of whether PSMs in the floral tissue are immediately being released into the floral nectar following nectar robbing. To address this research question, we investigated whether there was an immediate effect of nectar robbing by the Palestine Sunbird (Nectarinia osea) on the concentration of nectar alkaloids, nicotine and anabasine, in Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca). We found that the concentration of anabasine, but not nicotine, significantly increased in floral nectar immediately following simulated nectar robbing. These findings suggest that nectar robbers could be ingesting greater amounts of PSMs than they would if they visit flowers legitimately. As a consequence, increased consumption of neurotoxic nectar alkaloids or other PSMs could have negative effects on the nectar robber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainee L Kaczorowski
- Department of Biology & Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, 36006, Tivon, Israel
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24
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Green BT, Lee ST, Welch KD, Pfister JA, Panter KE. Piperidine, pyridine alkaloid inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Slyn’ko NM, Tatarova LE, Shakirov MM, Shul’ts EE. Synthesis of N-aryloxyalkylanabasine derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Lee ST, Green BT, Welch KD, Jordan GT, Zhang Q, Panter KE, Hughes D, Chang CWT, Pfister JA, Gardner DR. Stereoselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of γ-Coniceine and N-Methylconiine Enantiomers. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400050r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Benedict T. Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Glenn T. Jordan
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - Kip E. Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - David Hughes
- Cincinnati Hills Christian Academy, 11525 Snider Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45249, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah
84322-0300, United States
| | - James A. Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
| | - Dale R. Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341,
United States
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Brown DR. Piperidine alkaloids: human and food animal teratogens. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2049-55. [PMID: 22449544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Piperidine alkaloids are acutely toxic to adult livestock species and produce musculoskeletal deformities in neonatal animals. These teratogenic effects include multiple congenital contracture (MCC) deformities and cleft palate in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. Poisonous plants containing teratogenic piperidine alkaloids include poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), lupine (Lupinus spp.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) [including wild tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)]. There is abundant epidemiological evidence in humans that link maternal tobacco use with a high incidence of oral clefting in newborns; this association may be partly attributable to the presence of piperidine alkaloids in tobacco products. In this review, we summarize the evidence for piperidine alkaloids that act as teratogens in livestock, piperidine alkaloid structure-activity relationships and their potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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28
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomeric natural products: occurrence and biogenesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4802-36. [PMID: 22555867 PMCID: PMC3498912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, chiral natural products are usually produced in optically pure form-however, occasionally both enantiomers are formed. These enantiomeric natural products can arise from a single species or from different genera and/or species. Extensive research has been carried out over the years in an attempt to understand the biogenesis of naturally occurring enantiomers; however, many fascinating puzzles and stereochemical anomalies still remain.
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29
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Finefield JM, Sherman DH, Kreitman M, Williams RM. Enantiomere Naturstoffe: Vorkommen und Biogenese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ling HY, Edwards AM, Gantier MP, DeBoer KD, Neale AD, Hamill JD, Walmsley AM. An interspecific Nicotiana hybrid as a useful and cost-effective platform for production of animal vaccines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35688. [PMID: 22539991 PMCID: PMC3334924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants to produce novel products has great biotechnological potential as the relatively inexpensive inputs of light, water, and nutrients are utilised in return for potentially valuable bioactive metabolites, diagnostic proteins and vaccines. Extensive research is ongoing in this area internationally with the aim of producing plant-made vaccines of importance for both animals and humans. Vaccine purification is generally regarded as being integral to the preparation of safe and effective vaccines for use in humans. However, the use of crude plant extracts for animal immunisation may enable plant-made vaccines to become a cost-effective and efficacious approach to safely immunise large numbers of farm animals against diseases such as avian influenza. Since the technology associated with genetic transformation and large-scale propagation is very well established in Nicotiana, the genus has attributes well-suited for the production of plant-made vaccines. However the presence of potentially toxic alkaloids in Nicotiana extracts impedes their use as crude vaccine preparations. In the current study we describe a Nicotiana tabacum and N. glauca hybrid that expresses the HA glycoprotein of influenza A in its leaves but does not synthesize alkaloids. We demonstrate that injection with crude leaf extracts from these interspecific hybrid plants is a safe and effective approach for immunising mice. Moreover, this antigen-producing alkaloid-free, transgenic interspecific hybrid is vigorous, with a high capacity for vegetative shoot regeneration after harvesting. These plants are easily propagated by vegetative cuttings and have the added benefit of not producing viable pollen, thus reducing potential problems associated with bio-containment. Hence, these Nicotiana hybrids provide an advantageous production platform for partially purified, plant-made vaccines which may be particularly well suited for use in veterinary immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yian Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P. Gantier
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Cancer Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathleen D. DeBoer
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan D. Neale
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D. Hamill
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda M. Walmsley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Solecki R, Niemann L. Insecticides of Natural Origin, Other than Pyrethrum and Nicotine. MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY OF INSECTICIDES 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733007-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter gives a detailed overview on the history, use and toxicology of substances of biological origin such as plant extracts (rotenone, azadirachtin, quassin, anabasin) and fermentation products from soil microorganisms (avermectins and spinosins) that are more or less widely used as insecticides in plant protection products or biocides but may also play a role in public health to prevent spread of infectious diseases or even to cure them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Niemann
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Berlin Germany. *
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32
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Green BT, Welch KD, Cook D, Gardner DR. Potentiation of the actions of acetylcholine, epibatidine, and nicotine by methyllycaconitine at fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 662:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Furer V, Hersch M, Silvetzki N, Breuer GS, Zevin S. Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) intoxication--two cases in one family. J Med Toxicol 2011; 7:47-51. [PMID: 20652661 PMCID: PMC3614112 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-010-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of rare human poisoning in one family following ingestion of cooked leaves from the tobacco tree plant, Nicotiana glauca. The toxic principle of N. glauca, anabasine (C10H14N2), is a small pyridine alkaloid, similar in both structure and effects to nicotine, but appears to be more potent in humans. A 73-year-old female tourist from France, without remarkable medical history, collapsed at home following a few hours long prodrome of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. The symptoms developed shortly after eating N. glauca cooked leaves that were collected around her daughter's house in Jerusalem and mistaken for wild spinach. She was found unconscious, with dilated pupils and extreme bradycardia. Following resuscitation and respiratory support, circulation was restored. However, she did not regain consciousness and died 20 days after admission because of multi-organ failure. Anabasine was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method in N. glauca leaves and in the patient's urine. Simultaneously, her 18-year-old grandson developed weakness and myalgia after ingesting a smaller amount of the same meal. He presented to the same emergency room in a stable condition. His exam was remarkable only for sinus bradycardia. He was discharged without any specific treatment. He recovered in 24 h without any residual sequelae. These cases raise an awareness of the potential toxicity caused by ingestion of tobacco tree leaves and highlight the dangers of ingesting botanicals by lay public. Moreover, they add to the clinical spectrum of N. glauca intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Furer
- Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine B, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Bayit Street, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel.
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Green BT, Lee ST, Panter KE, Welch KD, Cook D, Pfister JA, Kem WR. Actions of piperidine alkaloid teratogens at fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:383-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arias HR, Xing H, Macdougall K, Blanton MP, Soti F, Kem WR. Interaction of benzylidene-anabaseine analogues with agonist and allosteric sites on muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:320-30. [PMID: 19338581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Benzylidene-anabaseines (BAs) are partial agonists of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) but their mechanism(s) of action are unknown. Our study explores several possibilities, including direct interactions of BAs with the nAChR channel. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Functional and radioligand-binding assays were used to examine the interaction of two BA analogues, 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (DMXBA) and its primary metabolite 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (4OH-DMXBA) with both agonist and non-competitive antagonist (NCA)-binding sites on muscle-type nAChRs. KEY RESULTS Both BAs non-competitively inhibited ACh activation of human fetal muscle nAChRs and sterically inhibited the specific binding of the NCAs [piperidyl-3,4-3H(N)]-(N-(1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl)-3,4-piperidine ([(3)H]TCP) and [(3)H]dizocilpine to Torpedo nAChRs in the desensitized state. These compounds modulated [(3)H]tetracaine, [(14)C]amobarbital and [(3)H]TCP binding to resting nAChRs by allosteric mechanisms. Both BAs enhanced [(3)H]TCP binding when the nAChR was initially in the resting but activatable state, suggesting that both compounds desensitized the Torpedo nAChR. Although DMXBA failed to activate human fetal muscle nAChRs, 4OH-DMXBA was found to be a partial agonist. [(3)H]Nicotine competition-binding experiments confirmed that 4OH-DMXBA has higher affinity than DMXBA for the agonist sites, and that DMXBA is also a competitive antagonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine is a partial agonist for human fetal muscle nAChRs, whereas DMXBA only has competitive and NCA activities. The NCA-binding site for BAs overlaps both the phencyclidine- and dizocilpine-binding sites in the desensitized Torpedo nAChR ion channel. The desensitizing property of BAs suggests another possible mode of non-competitive inhibition in addition to direct channel-blocking mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Arias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308-3550, USA.
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36
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Molyneux RJ, Panter KE. Alkaloids toxic to livestock. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2009; 67:143-216. [PMID: 19827367 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(09)06703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Molyneux
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, California, USA.
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37
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Lee ST, Green BT, Welch KD, Pfister JA, Panter KE. Stereoselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of Coniine Enantiomers. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2061-4. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800229w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341
| | - Benedict T. Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341
| | - Kevin D. Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341
| | - James A. Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341
| | - Kip E. Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, Utah 84341
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Lee ST, Gardner DR, Chang CWT, Panter KE, Molyneux RJ. Separation and measurement of plant alkaloid enantiomers by RP-HPLC analysis of their Fmoc-Alanine analogs. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:395-402. [PMID: 18438757 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ammodendrine (1), anabasine (2) and coniine (3) can cause congenital malformations in livestock. They appear naturally in both enantiomeric forms, and can cause variable physiological responses. A method to measure the enantiomeric ratio of these natural toxins is needed. OBJECTIVE To develop a simple and economical method in order to determine the enantiomeric ratios of piperidine and pyrrolidine alkaloids in small samples of plant material. METHODOLOGY Mixtures of isolated or purified plant alkaloids were converted to their Fmoc-L-Ala-alkaloid analogues forming diastereomeric mixtures, which were then analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometry (MS) and ultraviolet (UV) detection to determine enantiomeric ratios. RESULTS The diastereomeric analogs for ammodendrine, anabasine and nornicotine could be separated and the enantiomeric ratios determined. The Fmoc-L-Ala-coniine analogue was not resolved under the HPLC conditions studied. The enantiomeric ratios of the selected plant alkaloids were measured and found to differ between both location within a species and location between species. CONCLUSION A low-cost HPLC method to analyse the enantiomeric ratio of plant alkaloids containing primary or secondary amine nitrogens via conversion to their respective diastereomeric analogues has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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The Nemertine Toxin Anabaseine and Its Derivative DMXBA (GTS-21): Chemical and Pharmacological Properties. Mar Drugs 2006. [DOI: 10.3390/md403255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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