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Wang J, Yu C, Zhang J, Liu R, Xiao J. Aberrant gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in patients with coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Guizhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27051-9. [PMID: 37140865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to excessive environmental fluoride has caused fluorosis to become a major public health problem worldwide. Although studies on stress pathways, signaling pathways, and apoptosis induced by fluoride have provided an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of this disease, its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. We hypothesized that the human gut microbiota and metabolome are associated with the pathogenesis of this disease. To get further insight into the profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolome in coal-burning-induced endemic fluorosis patients, we conducted 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microbial DNA and carried out non-targeted metabolomics of fecal samples from 32 patients with skeletal fluorosis and 33 matched healthy controls in Guizhou, China. We found that the gut microbiota of coal-burning endemic fluorosis patients displayed significant differences in composition, diversity, and abundance compared with healthy controls. This was characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota, Desulfobacterota, Nitrospirota, Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexi, Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and unidentified_Bacteria, and a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Additionally, at the genus level, the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium, was significantly reduced. We also demonstrated that, at the genus level, some gut microbial markers, including Anaeromyxobacter, MND1, oc32, Haliangium, and Adurb.Bin063_1, showed potential for identifying coal-burning endemic fluorosis. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics and correlation analysis revealed the changes in the metabolome, particularly the gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites such as tryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and indoleacetaldehyde. Our results indicated that excessive fluoride might cause xenobiotic-mediated dysbiosis of human gut microbiota and metabolic disorders. These findings suggest that the alterations in gut microbiota and metabolome play vital roles in regulating disease susceptibility and multi-organ damage after excessive fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Ruming Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Jianhui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Ran L, Xiang J, Zeng X, He W, Dong Y, Yu W, Qi X, Xiao Y, Cao K, Zou J, Guan Z. The influence of NQO2 on the dysfunctional autophagy and oxidative stress induced in the hippocampus of rats and in SH-SY5Y cells by fluoride. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1129-1141. [PMID: 36650666 PMCID: PMC10018107 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For investigating the mechanism of brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis, this study was designed to determine whether NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) can influence autophagic disruption and oxidative stress induced in the central nervous system exposed to a high level of fluoride. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats drank tap water containing different concentrations of fluoride for 3 or 6 months. SH-SY5Y cells were either transfected with NQO2 RNA interference or treated with NQO2 inhibitor or activator and at the same time exposed to fluoride. The enrichment of gene signaling pathways related to autophagy was evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; expressions of NQO2 and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), LC3-II and p62, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were quantified by Western-blotting or fluorescent staining; and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assayed biochemically and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS In the hippocampal CA3 region of rats exposed to high fluoride, the morphological characteristics of neurons were altered; the numbers of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm and the levels of NQO2 increased; the level of p-mTOR was decreased, and the levels of ATG5, LC3-II and p62 were elevated; and genes related to autophagy enriched. In vitro, in addition to similar changes in NQO2, p-mTOR, ATG5, LC3 II, and p62, exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to fluoride enhanced MDA and ROS contents and reduced SOD activity. Inhibition of NQO2 with RNAi or an inhibitor attenuated the disturbance of the autophagic flux and enhanced oxidative stress in these cells exposed to high fluoride. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that NQO2 may be involved in regulating autophagy and oxidative stress and thereby exerts an impact on brain injury caused by chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long‐Yan Ran
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
- Department of Medical Science and TechnologyGuiyang Healthcare Vocational UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
| | - Xiao‐Xiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
| | - Wen‐Wen He
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
| | - Yang‐Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangChina
| | - Wen‐Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangChina
| | - Xiao‐Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangChina
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangChina
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Hospital to Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
| | - Zhi‐Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of EducationGuiyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyGuiyangChina
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Wang S, Ning H, Hua L, Ren F, Chen L, Ma Z, Li R, Ge Y, Yin Z. Exposure to fluoride induces apoptosis in the liver, kidney, and heart of Xenopus laevis by regulating the Caspase-8/3 signaling pathway. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151999. [PMID: 36905872 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.151999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride compounds are abundant and widely distributed in the environment at various concentrations, which can seriously injure the human body. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of excessive fluoride exposure on the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of healthy female Xenopus laevis by administering NaF (0, 100, and 200 mg/L) in drinking water for 90 days. The expression level of procaspase-8, cleaved-caspase-8, and procaspase-3 proteins were determined by Western blot. Compared with the control group, the group exposed to NaF exhibited expression levels of procaspase-8, cleaved-caspase-8, and procaspase-3 proteins that were considerably upregulated at a concentration of 200 mg/L in the liver and kidney. The cleaved-caspase-8 protein expression in the group exposed to a high concentration of NaF was lower than that in the control group in heart. Histopathological results by hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that excessive NaF exposure caused necrosis of hepatocytes and vacuolization degeneration. Granular degeneration and necrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells were also observed. Moreover, hypertrophy of myocardial cells, atrophy of myocardial fibers and disorder of myocardial fibers were detected. These results demonstrated that NaF-induced apoptosis and the mediated death receptor pathway activation ultimately damaged the liver and kidney tissues. This finding offers a fresh perspective on the effects of F-induced apoptosis in X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Liushuai Hua
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Fei Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Lingli Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Rongbo Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Baier CJ, Dominguez S, Bras C, Cancela LM, Minetti A, Gallegos CE. Rat developmental fluoride exposure affects retention memory, leads to a depressive-like behavior, and induces biochemical changes in offspring rat brains. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Prevents Memory Dysfunction Induced by Chronic High-Fluorine Intake through Modulating Intestinal Environment and Improving Gut Development. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1420-1438. [PMID: 32166711 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the influence of chronic fluorosis on the brain has been widely reported. Our study aimed to demonstrate the potential mechanism underlying the impairment of memory function by excessive fluorine intake. We also evaluated whether improvement of intestinal microflora could be a potential therapy to prevent the negative influences from the perspective of gut-brain axis. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups and administered with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Control and F groups) or Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (FP group; daily amounts of 1 × 109 CFU/mL), a probiotic strain, by oral gavage throughout a 98-day experimental period. Sodium fluoride (100 mg/L) was added to the drinking water of the F and FP groups. Animals were sacrificed for sampling with or without water avoidance stress (WAS) at two phases of the experiment and behavioral tests including T-maze test and passive avoidance test were also performed. Based on the results of behavioral tests, probiotic reversed the fluorine-induced memory dysfunction. In addition, L. johnsonii BS15 also increased the antioxidant capacities (serum and hippocampal tissue) and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related mRNA expression after excessive fluoride ingestion. Moreover, the increased colonization of L. johnsonii BS15 also protected the small intestines from the damages of growth performance, visceral indexes, intestinal development, digestive, and secretory functions by changing the structure of the microflora and then improving intestinal permeability and integrity. L. johnsonii BS15 also improved the ability of flourosis mice against psychological stress indicated by the changes in behavioral tasks, hippocampal antioxidant levels, and synaptic plasticity-related mRNA expressions. Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 intake appears as a promising way to ameliorate fluorine-induced memory dysfunction, especially under psychological stress.
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Ran LY, Xiang J, Zeng XX, Tang JL, Dong YT, Zhang F, Yu WF, Qi XL, Xiao Y, Zou J, Deng J, Guan ZZ. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that neurotoxicity of rats with chronic fluorosis may be in mechanism involved in the changed cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126688. [PMID: 33260044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reveal the underling molecular mechanism in brain damage induced by chronic fluorosis, the neurotoxicity and its correlation were investigated by transcriptomics and proteomics. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with fluoride at different concentrations (0, 5, 50 and 100 ppm, prepared by NaF) for 3 months. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze test; neuronal morphological change in the hippocampus was observed using Nissl staining; and the level of oxidative stress including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by biological methods. The high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic sequencing were performed to detect the expression of differentially expressed genes and proteins, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that compared with control group, rats exposed to high-dose fluoride exhibited declined abilities of learning and memory, decreased SOD activity and increased ROS and MDA levels, with lighter colored Nissl bodies. A total of 28 important differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by transcriptomics. Then, functional enrichment analyses showed that upregulated proteins enriched in cellular transport, while downregulated proteins enriched in synapse-related pathways. Thirteen corresponding DEGs and DAPs (cor-DEGs-DAPs) were identified by differential expressions selected with positively correlated genes/proteins, most of which were related to neurodegenerative changes and oxidative stress response. CONCLUSION These results provide new omics evidence that rats chronically exposed to high-dose fluoride can induce neurotoxicity in the brains through changes in the cholinergic pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yan Ran
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zeng
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jing-Ling Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yang-Ting Dong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jian Zou
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China.
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Lou D, Luo Y, Liu J, Zheng D, Ma R, Chen F, Yu Y, Guan Z. Refinement Impairments of Verbal-Performance Intelligent Quotient in Children Exposed to Fluoride Produced by Coal Burning. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:482-489. [PMID: 32363519 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the relationship between total intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), and fluoride exposure in children aged 8-12 years in coal-burning fluorosis area of Dafang County, Guizhou Province, China. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised in China (WISC-CR) was used to test the total IQ, VIQ, and PIQ in 99 children aged 8-12 years (55 in dental fluorosis group and 44 in control group). The differences in the intellectual levels between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the intellectual level of children exposed to fluoride and the exposure dose of fluoride was analyzed. The VIQ, PIQ, and total IQ in the dental fluorosis group were 85.64 ± 16.53, 94.87 ± 12.73, and 88.51 ± 12.77, respectively, and these were lower than those in the control group (94.34 ± 16.04, 99.23 ± 12.44, and 96.64 ± 11.70, respectively). Significant difference was observed in VIQ and total IQ between the two groups (P = 0.002, P = 0.01), but not in the PIQ (P > 0.05). Each item of VIQ impairment (common sense, similar, arithmetic, vocabulary, and understanding) was significantly lower than those without VIQ impairment in the dental fluorosis group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in two items of building blocks and decoding between PIQ impairment and normal group (P < 0.05). Children with fluorosis in coal-burning areas had impaired IQ and obviously had impaired VIQ. Thus, the language learning ability should be strengthened in children exposed to fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didong Lou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangping Chen
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Yu
- Key Laboratory of Local Diseases and Minority Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Local Diseases and Minority Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhang P, Yu P, Shang X, Lu Y, Li Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of fluorine exposure on memory loss of common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114927. [PMID: 32544660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine, an environmental toxicant in our daily life, has been reported to have adverse effects on nervous system. Previous studies demonstrated that fluorine exposure could induce brain injury in fish and human. However, the possible mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of fluorine exposure on brain injury of common carp through transcriptome analysis. In the fluorine-exposed carp, 444 brain genes were up-regulated, whereas 742 genes were down-regulated. DNA-templated (regulation of transcription) and multicellular organism development in the GO function annotation accounted for the most biological processes. Nucleus and membrane accounted for the most cellular components and DNA binding and metal ion binding accounted for the most molecular function. Meanwhile, 196 metabolic pathways were identified in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway significant enrichment analysis, including long-term depression, Cushing syndrome, nuclear receptors, vascular smooth muscle contraction, Ion channels, and other pathways. Furthermore, we found that the up-regulated and down-regulated trends were similar between the quantitative real-time-PCR and RNA-Seq results, which indicate the transcriptome sequencing data is reliable. In conclusion, our data may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying brain injury induced by fluorine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Health Monitoring and Inspection Center of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinchi Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Zeng XX, Deng J, Xiang J, Dong YT, Cao K, Liu XH, Chen D, Ran LY, Yang Y, Guan ZZ. Protections against toxicity in the brains of rat with chronic fluorosis and primary neurons exposed to fluoride by resveratrol involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126475. [PMID: 32142957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protection of Resveratrol (RSV) against the neurotoxicity induced by high level of fluoride was investigated. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and their offspring, as well as cultures of primary neurons were divided randomly into four groups: untreated (control); treated with 50 mg RSV/kg/ (once daily by gavage) or (20 M in the cultured medium); exposed to 50 ppm F- in drinking water or 4 mmol/l in the cultured medium; and exposed to fluoride then RSV as above. The adult rats were treated for 7 months and the offspring sacrificed at 28 days of age; the cultured neurons for 48 h. For general characterization, dental fluorosis was assessed and the fluoride content of the urine measured (by fluoride-electrode) in the rates and the survival of cultured neurons monitored with the CCK-8 test. The spatial learning and memory of rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test. The levels of α7 and α4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were quantified by Western blotting; and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 assayed biochemically. The results showed that chronic fluorosis resulted in the impaired learning and memory in rats and their offspring, and more oxidative stress in both rat brains and cultured neurons, which may be associated the lower levels of α7 and α4 nAChR subunits. Interestingly, RSV attenuated all of these toxic effects by fluorosis, indicating that protection against the neurotoxicity of fluoride by RSV might be in mechanism involved enhancing the expressions of these nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zeng
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Yang-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Xian-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Long-Yan Ran
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Ye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Departments of Pathology at Guizhou Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China.
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Abstract
Although actively disputed and questioned, it has been proposed that chronic exposure to inorganic fluoride (F-) is toxic for brain. The major question for this review was whether an excessive F- intake is causally related to adverse neurological and cognitive health conditions in human beings and animals. The paper systematically and critically summarizes the findings of the studies showing positive associations between F- intoxication and various intellectual defects, as well as of those which attempted to clarify the nature of F- neurotoxicity. Many works provide support for a link between pre- and postnatal F- exposure and structural and functional changes in the central nervous system responsible for neurological and cognitive disorders. The mechanisms suggested to underlie F- neurotoxicity include the disturbances in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, premature death of neurons, altered activities of components of intracellular signaling cascades, impaired protein synthesis, deficit of neurotrophic and transcriptional factors, oxidative stress, metabolic changes, inflammatory processes. However, the majority of works have been performed on laboratory rodents using such F- doses which are never exist in the nature even in the regions of endemic fluorosis. Thus, this kind of treatment is hardly comparable with human exposure even taking into account the higher rate of F- clearance in animals. Of special importance are the data collected on humans chronically consuming excessive F- doses in the regions of endemic fluorosis or contacting with toxic F- compounds at industrial sites, but those works are scarce and often criticized due to low quality. New, expertly performed studies with repeated exposure assessment in independent populations are needed to prove an ability of F- to impair neurological and intellectual development of human beings and to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in F--induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - O V Nadei
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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11
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Zhao Q, Niu Q, Chen J, Xia T, Zhou G, Li P, Dong L, Xu C, Tian Z, Luo C, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang A. Roles of mitochondrial fission inhibition in developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: mechanisms of action in vitro and associations with cognition in rats and children. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:709-726. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Yu X, Chen J, Li Y, Liu H, Hou C, Zeng Q, Cui Y, Zhao L, Li P, Zhou Z, Pang S, Tang S, Tian K, Zhao Q, Dong L, Xu C, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu L, Wang A. Threshold effects of moderately excessive fluoride exposure on children's health: A potential association between dental fluorosis and loss of excellent intelligence. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:116-124. [PMID: 29870912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known of the effects of moderately chronic fluoride exposure on children's health. OBJECTIVES We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the health impact of moderately excessive fluoride in drinking water. METHODS We recruited 2886 resident children, aged 7 to 13 years, randomly from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas in Tianjin, China. The fluoride levels in drinking water and urine were measured using the national standardized ion selective electrode method. We examined the dose-response effects of low-to-moderate fluoride exposure on dental fluorosis (DF) and intelligence quotient (IQ), and evaluated the potential relationships between DF grades and intelligence levels using piecewise linear regression and multiple logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of DF were 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02 to 2.48) for every 0.1 mg/L increment in the water fluoride concentration in the range of 0.80 to 1.50 mg/L, and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.32 to 2.93) for every 0.5 mg/L increment in the urinary fluoride level up to 1.80 mg/L. Every 0.5 mg/L increment in the water fluoride level was associated with a reduction of 4.29 in the IQ score (95% CI: -8.09 to -0.48) in the range of 3.40 to 3.90 mg/L, and a decreased probability of developing excellent intelligence (IQ ≥ 130, OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77) in the range of 0.20-1.40 mg/L, respectively. Every 0.5 mg/L increment in the urinary fluoride level was related to a decrease of 2.67 in the IQ scores (95% CI: -4.67 to -0.68) between 1.60 mg/L to 2.50 mg/L. Excellent intelligence decreased by 51% in children with higher urinary fluoride, and by 30% with each degree increment of DF. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests threshold and saturation effects of moderately excessive fluoride exposure on DF and intelligence loss in children, and a potential association between DF and the loss of excellent intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Tianjin Baodi District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ziquan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sha Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kunming Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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13
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Ge Y, Chen L, Yin Z, Song X, Ruan T, Hua L, Liu J, Wang J, Ning H. Fluoride-induced alterations of synapse-related proteins in the cerebral cortex of ICR offspring mouse brain. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:874-883. [PMID: 29567471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) exposure causes cognitive dysfunction in humans and animals. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which fluoride exerts its neurotoxic effects are poorly understood. In this study, an animal model of fluoride exposure was created by providing ICR mice were treated with vehicle F at a dose of 0 (control group), 50 (low-fluoride group) or 100 mg/L (high-fluoride group) in water for one month. After the mice mated, parents and offspring were treated and maintained under these conditions. The cognitive abilities of the mice were examined using a Morris water maze test. Results indicated that fluoride exposure significantly prolonged the escape latency period and decreased the number of crossings in a particular zone. Histopathologic analysis revealed the shrinkage and fragmentation of glial cells in the fluoride-treated groups. Pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortices of fluoride-treated groups were fewer than those of the control group. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and synaptic proteins of the cerebral cortex in mouse offspring was assayed using RT-PCR and Western blot. Fluoride exposure possibly induced a significantly decreased expression of MAP2, synaptophysin (SYP) and developmentally regulated brain protein (Dbn) at protein and mRNA levels. Glutamate receptor (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, NMDAR) was also expressed, and this finding was consistent with the reduced MAP2, SYP and Dbn expression. Therefore, fluoride-mediated reduction in cognitive dysfunction is likely caused by the disruption of the expression of these synapse-associated proteins, resulting in attenuated neuronal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Ge
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Lingli Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Tao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Liushuai Hua
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Junwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Ning
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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14
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C. elegans as a model in developmental neurotoxicology. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:126-135. [PMID: 29550512 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to many advantages Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has become a preferred model of choice in many fields, including neurodevelopmental toxicity studies. This review discusses the benefits of using C. elegans as an alternative to mammalian systems and gives examples of the uses of the nematode in evaluating the effects of major known neurodevelopmental toxins, including manganese, mercury, lead, fluoride, arsenic and organophosphorus pesticides. Reviewed data indicates numerous similarities with mammals in response to these toxins. Thus, C. elegans studies have the potential to predict possible effects of developmental neurotoxicants in higher animals, and may be used to identify new molecular pathways behind neurodevelopmental disruptions, as well as new toxicants.
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McPherson CA, Zhang G, Gilliam R, Brar SS, Wilson R, Brix A, Picut C, Harry GJ. An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:781-798. [PMID: 29404855 PMCID: PMC6077107 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
At elevated levels, fluoride (F-) exposure has been associated with adverse human health effects. In rodents, F- exposure has been reported to induce deficits in motor performance and learning and memory. In this study, we examined Long-Evans hooded male rats maintained on a standard diet (20.5 ppm F-) or a low F- diet (3.24 ppm F-) with drinking water exposure to 0, 10, or 20 ppm F- from gestational day 6 through adulthood. At postnatal day 25, brain F- levels were 0.048 or 0.081 μg/g and femur 235 or 379.8 μg/g for 10 and 20 ppm F-, respectively. Levels increase with age and in adults, levels for plasma were 0.036 or 0.025 μg/ml; for the brain 0.266 or 0.850 μg/g; and for the femur, 681.2 or 993.4 μg/g. At these exposure levels, we observed no exposure-related differences in motor, sensory, or learning and memory performance on running wheel, open-field activity, light/dark place preference, elevated plus maze, pre-pulse startle inhibition, passive avoidance, hot-plate latency, Morris water maze acquisition, probe test, reversal learning, and Y-maze. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were not altered as a function of 10 or 20 ppm F- in the drinking water. No exposure-related pathology was observed in the heart, liver, kidney, testes, seminal vesicles, or epididymides. Mild inflammation in the prostate gland was observed at 20 ppm F-. No evidence of neuronal death or glial activation was observed in the hippocampus at 20 ppm F-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A McPherson
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop C1-04, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Richard Gilliam
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop C1-04, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sukhdev S Brar
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Tringle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ralph Wilson
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Tringle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Amy Brix
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - G Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Mail Drop C1-04, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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16
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Wei N, Dong YT, Deng J, Wang Y, Qi XL, Yu WF, Xiao Y, Zhou JJ, Guan ZZ. Changed expressions of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the brains of rats and primary neurons exposed to high level of fluoride. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:31-40. [PMID: 29173480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Expressions of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) in the brains of rats and primary neurons exposed to high fluoride were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into a fluorosis group (50ppm fluoride in the drinking water for 6 months) and controls (<0.5ppm fluoride) and the offspring from these rats sacrificed on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The primary cultured neurons from the hippocampus of neonatal rats were treated with 5 and 50ppm fluoride for 48h. NMDAR subunits at protein or mRNA levels were quantified by Western blotting or real-time PCR. The phosphorylated calmodulin-protein kinase II (CaMKII) was determined by Western blotting, concentration of Ca2+ in neurons by laser confocal microscopy and apoptosis by flow cytometry. In the brains of adult rats and pups as well as in primary neurons exposed to high fluoride, the mRNAs encoding GluN1 and GluN2B subunits and the corresponding proteins were elevated, the GluN3A lowered and the GluN2A unchanged. In addition, the level of phosphor-CaMKII was reduced, and Ca2+ influx and apoptosis enhanced in the brains of rats and cultured neurons exposed to high fluoride. The results indicate that such modifications may involve brain damage induced by chronic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Yang-Ting Dong
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (Guizhou Medical University), Guizhou Province, PR China.
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Luo Q, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Liu J, Deng Y. Dietary High Fluorine Alters Intestinal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:483-91. [PMID: 26997344 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary high fluorine on ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two hundred eighty 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups and raised for 42 days. The control group was fed a corn-soybean basal diet (fluorine 22.6 mg/kg). The other three groups were fed the same basal diet, but supplemented with 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg fluorine (high fluorine groups I, II, and III), administered in the form of sodium fluoride. The microbiota of ileal and cecal digesta was assessed with plate counts and polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). It was found that, compared with those in the control group, the counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were markedly decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), whereas the counts of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were significantly increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the high fluorine groups II and III. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the number of DGGE bands, similarity, and Shannon index of ileal and cecal bacteria were markedly reduced in the high fluorine groups II and III from 21 to 42 days. Sequencing analysis revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota was altered in the high fluorine groups. In conclusion, dietary fluorine in the range of 800-1200 mg/kg obviously altered the bacterial counts, and the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens, a finding which implies that dietary high fluorine can disrupt the natural balance and structure of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yubing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. The History, Status, Gaps, and Future Directions of Neurotoxicology in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:722-732. [PMID: 26824332 PMCID: PMC4892912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid economic development in China has produced serious ecological, environmental, and health problems. Neurotoxicity has been recognized as a major public health problem. The Chinese government, research institutes, and scientists conducted extensive studies concerning the source, characteristics, and mechanisms of neurotoxicants. OBJECTIVES This paper presents, for the first time, a comprehensive history and review of major sources of neurotoxicants, national bodies/legislation engaged, and major neurotoxicology research in China. METHODS Peer-reviewed research and pollution studies by Chinese scientists from 1991 to 2015 were examined. PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were the major search tools. RESULTS The central problem is an increased exposure to neurotoxicants from air and water, food contamination, e-waste recycling, and manufacturing of household products. China formulated an institutional framework and standards system for management of major neurotoxicants. Basic and applied research was initiated, and international cooperation was achieved. The annual number of peer-reviewed neurotoxicology papers from Chinese authors increased almost 30-fold since 2001. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive efforts, neurotoxicity remains a significant public health problem. This provides great challenges and opportunities. We identified 10 significant areas that require major educational, environmental, governmental, and research efforts, as well as attention to public awareness. For example, there is a need to increase efforts to utilize new in vivo and in vitro models, determine the potential neurotoxicity and mechanisms involved in newly emerging pollutants, and examine the effects and mechanisms of mixtures. In the future, we anticipate working with scientists worldwide to accomplish these goals and eliminate, prevent and treat neurotoxicity. CITATION Cai T, Luo W, Ruan D, Wu YJ, Fox DA, Chen J. 2016. The history, status, gaps, and future directions of neurotoxicology in China. Environ Health Perspect 124:722-732; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409566.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Diyun Ruan
- Neurotoxicology Lab, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donald A. Fox
- College of Optometry,
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry,
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Pan Y, Lü P, Yin L, Chen K, He Y. Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:151-7. [PMID: 26075534 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2014-4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological saline, served as the control. After 30 days, the body weight of the fluoride-treated rats was lower than that of the control, and F- levels in serum were higher than in the control. The hippocampus was subjected to proteomic analysis, and the fluoride-treated group was found to contain 19 up-regulated and eight down-regulated proteins. The proteins, identified by mass-spectroscopic analysis of their fragments obtained after digestion, were found to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway and various other crucial functions. Our results also provide useful information on the mechanism of the reduction of the learning ability and memory induced by F.
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Protective Role of tert-Butylhydroquinone Against Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:1017-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu H, Qu W, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Jiang C, Gao H, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Wang Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang A. Modifying effect of COMT gene polymorphism and a predictive role for proteomics analysis in children's intelligence in endemic fluorosis area in Tianjin, China. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:238-45. [PMID: 25556215 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative fluoride exposure has adverse influences on children's intelligence quotient (IQ). In addition, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) is associated with cognitive performance. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of COMT polymorphism and alterations of protein profiles with children's intelligence in endemic fluorosis area. We recruited 180 schoolchildren (10-12 years old) from high fluoride exposure (1.40 mg/l) and control areas (0.63 mg/l) in Tianjin City, China. The children's IQ, fluoride contents in drinking water (W-F), serum (S-F), and urine (U-F); serum thyroid hormone levels, COMT Val158Met polymorphism, and plasma proteomic profiling were determined. Significant high levels of W-F, S-F, U-F, along with poor IQ scores were observed in the high fluoride exposure group compared with those in control (all P < 0.05). S-F and U-F were inversely related with IQ (r(s) = -0.47, P < 0.01; r(s) = -0.45, P = 0.002). Importantly, higher fluoride exposure was associated with steeper cognitive decline among children with the reference allele Val compared with those homozygous or heterozygous for the variant allele Met (95% CI, -16.80 to 2.55; P interaction < 0.01). Additionally, 5 up-regulated protein spots related to cell immunity and metabolism were detected in children with high fluoride exposure compared with the control. In conclusion, fluoride exposure was adversely associated with children's intelligence, whereas the COMT polymorphism may increase the susceptibility to the deficits in IQ due to fluoride exposure. Moreover, the proteomic analysis can provide certain basis for identifying the early biological markers of fluorosis among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Qu
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Wang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihu Chen
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Cui
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Yu
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- *Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, Tianjin, Department of Environmental Health and MOE Key Lab of Public Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, Shanghai and Department of Pathology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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Dong YT, Wang Y, Wei N, Zhang QF, Guan ZZ. Deficit in learning and memory of rats with chronic fluorosis correlates with the decreased expressions of M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1981-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jiang S, Su J, Yao S, Zhang Y, Cao F, Wang F, Wang H, Li J, Xi S. Fluoride and arsenic exposure impairs learning and memory and decreases mGluR5 expression in the hippocampus and cortex in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96041. [PMID: 24759735 PMCID: PMC3997496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride and arsenic are two common inorganic contaminants in drinking water that are associated with impairment in child development and retarded intelligence. The present study was conducted to explore the effects on spatial learning, memory, glutamate levels, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) expression in the hippocampus and cortex after subchronic exposure to fluoride, arsenic, and a fluoride and arsenic combination in rats. Weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups. The control rats drank tap water. Rats in the three exposure groups drank water with sodium fluoride (120 mg/L), sodium arsenite (70 mg/L), and a sodium fluoride (120 mg/L) and sodium arsenite (70 mg/L) combination for 3 months. Spatial learning and memory was measured in Morris water maze. mGluR1 and mGluR5 mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex was detected using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Compared with controls, learning and memory ability declined in rats that were exposed to fluoride and arsenic both alone and combined. Combined fluoride and arsenic exposure did not have a more pronounced effect on spatial learning and memory compared with arsenic and fluoride exposure alone. Compared with controls, glutamate levels decreased in the hippocampus and cortex of rats exposed to fluoride and combined fluoride and arsenic, and in cortex of arsenic-exposed rats. mGluR5 mRNA and protein expressions in the hippocampus and mGluR5 protein expression in the cortex decreased in rats exposed to arsenic alone. Interestingly, compared with fluoride and arsenic exposure alone, fluoride and arsenic combination decreased mGluR5 mRNA expression in the cortex and protein expression in the hippocampus, suggesting a synergistic effect of fluoride and arsenic. These data indicate that fluoride and arsenic, either alone or combined, can decrease learning and memory ability in rats. The mechanism may be associated with changes of glutamate level and mGluR5 expression in cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufang Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Fuyuan Cao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Wang Q, Cui KP, Xu YY, Gao YL, Zhao J, Li DS, Li XL, Huang HJ. Coal-burning endemic fluorosis is associated with reduced activity in antioxidative enzymes and Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:107-115. [PMID: 23567976 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-013-9522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of fluorine on the oxidative stress in coal-burning fluorosis, we investigated the environmental characteristics of coal-burning endemic fluorosis combined with fluorine content surveillance in air, water, food, briquette, and clay binder samples from Bijie region, Guizhou Province, southwest of China. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and level of lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in serum samples obtained from subjects residing in the Bijie region. Expression of the Cu/Zn-SOD gene was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that people suffering from endemic fluorosis (the high and low exposure groups) had much higher MDA level. Their antioxidant enzyme activities and Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression levels were lower when compared to healthy people (the control group). Fluorosis can decrease the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which was associated with exposure level of fluorine. Down-regulation of Cu/Zn-SOD expression may play an important role in the aggravation of oxidative stress in endemic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Prevention Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
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Luo Q, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Liu J, Deng Y. Suppressive effects of dietary high fluorine on the intestinal development in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 156:153-65. [PMID: 24178785 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is a well-recognized hazardous substance. Ingested F initially acts locally on the intestines. The small intestine plays a critical role in the digestion, absorption, and defense. In this study, therefore, we investigated the effects of fluorine on the intestinal development by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and histochemistry. A total of 280 one-day-old avian broilers were randomly divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as control diet (fluorine, 22.6 mg/kg) or the same basal diet supplemented with 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg fluorine (high fluorine groups I, II, and III) in the form of sodium fluoride for 42 days. The results showed that the intestinal gross, histological, and ultrastructural changes were observed in the high fluorine groups II and III. Meanwhile, the intestinal length, weight, viscera index, villus height, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, diameter, muscle layer thickness, and goblet cell numbers were significantly lower (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), and the intestinal diameter to villus height ratio was markedly higher (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) in the high fluorine groups II and III than those in control group. In conclusion, dietary fluorine in the range of 800-1,200 mg/kg obviously altered the aforementioned parameters of the intestines, implying that the intestinal development was suppressed and the intestinal functions, such as digestion, absorption, defense, or osmoregulation were impaired in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Perumal E, Paul V, Govindarajan V, Panneerselvam L. A brief review on experimental fluorosis. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:236-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Jiang C, Zhang S, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Wang Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang A. Low Glucose Utilization and Neurodegenerative Changes Caused by Sodium Fluoride Exposure in Rat’s Developmental Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:94-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luo Q, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Liu J, Deng Y. Intestinal IgA⁺ cell numbers as well as IgA, IgG, and IgM contents correlate with mucosal humoral immunity of broilers during supplementation with high fluorine in the diets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:62-72. [PMID: 23740525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F), a well-recognized harmful substance, is easily absorbed by the intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosal immune system is equipped with unique innate and adaptive defense mechanisms that provide a first line of protection against infectious agents. Meanwhile, immunoglobulins are the major secretory products of the adaptive immune system and their levels can be a strong indicator of a disease or condition. In this study, therefore, we investigated the effects of high dietary fluorine on the numbers of immunoglobulin A-positive (IgA(+)) cells in the lamina propria of intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) by immunohistochemistry as well as on the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the mucosa of intestines (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 280 1-day-old healthy avian broilers were randomly divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as control diet (fluorine 22.6 mg/kg) or the same basal diet supplemented with 400, 800, and 1,200 mg/kg fluorine (high fluorine groups I, II, and III) in the form of sodium fluoride (NaF) for 42 days. The experimental data showed that the numbers of IgA(+) cells as well as the IgA, IgG, and IgM contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the high fluorine groups II and III when compared with those of the control group. It was concluded that dietary fluorine in the range of 800-1,200 mg/kg significantly reduced the numbers of the IgA(+) cells and the contents of aforementioned immunoglobulins in the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) of broilers, which could finally impact the mucosal humoral immune function in the intestines by a way that reduces the lymphocyte population and/or lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Effect of choline-containing phospholipids on brain cholinergic transporters in the rat. J Neurol Sci 2010; 302:49-57. [PMID: 21195433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of one week treatment with the choline-containing phospholipids cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and choline alphoscerate (L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine) at choline-equivalent doses (CDP-choline: 325 mg/kg/day; choline alphoscerate: 150 mg/kg/day) on vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), on choline transporter (CHT) and on acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations was investigated in rat frontal cortex, striatum and cerebellum. ACh was assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection, VAChT by Western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry, CHT by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. After CDP-treatment, ACh levels were slightly increased in the frontal cortex, not substantially different in the striatum, and reduced significantly in the cerebellum compared to controls. Choline alphoscerate stimulated significantly the neurotransmitter concentration in the frontal cortex, however, the levels were similar to the controls in both the striatum and cerebellum. In comparison to the controls, VAChT expression following either CDP-choline or choline alphoscerate treatment, was enhanced greatly in the striatum and cerebellum. Also, ELISA measurements for VAChT showed significant increases in all choline alphoscerate treated brain areas. In contrast, in the CDP-choline treated rats the vesicular transporter amount was greater than the control only in the striatum. The cholinergic presynaptic transporters VAChT and CHT play a relevant role in sustaining new ACh synthesis and release. To sum up, CDP-choline and choline alphoscerate stimulated to a different extent the expression of VAChT and CHT primarily in a cognitive area such as frontal cortex. In the lack of novel therapeutic strategies, safe compounds developed since a long time such as the choline-containing phospholipids investigated would merit to be further investigated by new and adequate clinical studies. This for assessing their place if any in pharmacotherapy of dementia disorders characterized by diminished cholinergic tone.
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