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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Gupta P, Gupta RK, Gandhi BS, Singh P. Differential binding of CREB and REST/NRSF to NMDAR1 promoter is associated with the sex-selective cognitive deficit following postnatal PBDE-209 exposure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-26107-0. [PMID: 37002525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209), a widely used flame retardant, affects cognitive performances in the later stage of life in a sex-dependent manner. PBDE-209 interferes with glutamatergic signaling and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits with unresolved regulatory mechanisms. This study exposed male and female mice pups through postnatal day (PND) 3-10 to PBDE-209 (oral dose: 0, 6, or 20 mg/kg body weight). The frontal cortex and hippocampus, collected from neonate (PND 11) and young (PND 60) mice, were analyzed for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and RE1-silencing transcription factor/ Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) binding to NMDAR1 promoter and expression of NMDAR1 gene by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Behavioral changes were assessed using spontaneous alternation behavior and novel object recognition tests in young mice. In neonates, the binding of CREB was increased, while REST/NRSF was decreased significantly to their cognate NMDAR1 promoter sequences at the high dose of PBDE-209 in both the sexes. This reciprocal pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF interactions correlates with the up-regulation of NMDAR1 expression. Young males followed a similar pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF binding and NMDAR1 expression as in neonates. Surprisingly, young females did not show any alteration when compared to age-matched controls. Also, we found that only young males showed working and recognition memory deficits. These results indicate that early exposure to PBDE-209 interferes with CREB- and REST/NRSF-dependent regulation of the NMDAR1 gene in an acute setting. However, long-term effects persist only in young males that could be associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Rajaneesh K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Behrose S Gandhi
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Department of Zoology, Women's College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Miller-Rhodes P, Piazza N, Mattle A, Teboul E, Ehmann M, Morris-Schaffer K, Markowski VP. Sex-specific behavioral impairments produced by neonatal exposure to MK-801 are partially reversed by adolescent CDPPB treatment. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 89:107053. [PMID: 34826568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychomimetic behaviors manifest in adult rodents long after neonatal exposure to the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. In the present study, we used this neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia to evaluate the therapeutic potential of positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) during adolescence. To this end, we randomly assigned male and female C57BL6 mouse littermates to one of three treatment groups: (i) neonatal and adolescent saline, (ii) neonatal MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg) and adolescent saline, and (iii) neonatal MK-801 and adolescent CDPPB (10 mg/kg), a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5. When animals reached adulthood, a wide range of behavioral tests were conducted including sucrose preference, anxiety assessment in the elevated plus maze, and a series of food-reinforced operant procedures meant to assess motor activity, motivation, learning, and attention. Neonatal MK-801 exposure produced profound motor hyperactivity in both sexes and attenuated sucrose preference in males, effects that were reversed by CDPPB. MK-801 produced other deficits such as impaired set shifting or response inhibition deficits that were not reversed by CDPPB. Overall, female mice were more susceptible to MK-801's behavioral effects than males. These findings further support the use of neonatal MK-801 exposure as an animal model of schizophrenia and suggest that CDPPB can reverse the neurodevelopmental progression of some schizophrenia-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Miller-Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Nadine Piazza
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Anna Mattle
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Eric Teboul
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Megan Ehmann
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America
| | - Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States of America.
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Yang Y, He Q, Zhang Z, Qi C, Ding L, Yuan T, Chen Y, Li Z. Insulin-like growth factor reduced against decabromodiphenyl ether-209-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S475-S486. [PMID: 34632857 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211045959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How to reduce the neurodevelopmental toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) remains unclear. This study investigated neurodevelopmental toxicity of PBDE-209 and the protective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PBDE-209 and IGF-1, and the offspring were subjected to the Morris Water Maze test. Hippocampal neurons were cultured with PBDE-209 and IGF-1 or the PI3K inhibitor or MEK inhibitor for cell viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. RESULTS Prenatal PBDE-209 exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of rats by delaying the mean latency to the platform compared, whereas prenatal treatment with IGF-1 treatment improved the learning and memory ability. In vitro, treatment of primary cultured hippocampal neural stem cells (H-NSCs) with PBDE-209 reduced cell proliferation and differentiation, but induced apoptosis. In contrast, IGF-1 treatment antagonized the cytotoxic effects of PBDE-209 in H-NSCs in vitro. At the gene level, IGF-1 inhibition of PBDE-209-induced cell cytotoxicity was through the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in vitro because the effect of IGF-1 was blocked by the AKT inhibitor LY294002 and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. CONCLUSION Prenatal PBDE-209 exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of rats, whereas IGF-1 treatment was able to inhibit the neurodevelopmental toxicity of PBDE-209 by activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 cell pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,117980The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital
| | - Qianyun He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, 220741Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Qi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, 47885Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Edwards CM, Small D, Bell T, David-Drori J, Hansen C, Morris-Schaffer K, Canale C, Ng J, Markowski VP. Early postnatal decabromodiphenyl ether exposure reduces thyroid hormone and astrocyte density in the juvenile mouse dentate gyrus. Physiol Behav 2020; 216:112798. [PMID: 31926943 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE) is a flame retardant that was widely-applied to many consumer products for decades. Consequently, decaBDE and other members of its class have become globally-distributed environmental contaminants. Epidemiological and animal studies indicate that decaBDE exposure during critical periods of brain development produces long-term behavioral impairments. The current study was designed to identify potential neuroendocrine mechanisms for learning and response inhibition deficits observed by our lab in a previous study. C57BL6/J mouse pups were given a single daily oral dose of 0 or 20 mg/kg decaBDE from day 1 to 21. Serum thyroid hormone levels and astrocyte-specific staining in three regions of the hippocampus were measured on day 22. DecaBDE exposure significantly reduced serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and astrocyte density in the subgranular zone but not the hilus or granular layer in both male and female mice. The reduction of thyroid hormone and/or glia activity could impair hippocampal development, leading to behavior dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Edwards
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Deena Small
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Tyler Bell
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Julian David-Drori
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Christina Hansen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Keith Morris-Schaffer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Charlene Canale
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - John Ng
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States
| | - Vincent P Markowski
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, United States.
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