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Zheng YH, Yan YD, Xue Y, Wang YL, Liu X, Mi WS, Zhang QG, Li Y, Ma FQ, Zhang ML, Gan ZH, Zhu K. Catalytic effect of cesium on the oxidation behavior of cation exchange resins in Li 2CO 3-Na 2CO 3-K 2CO 3 melt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64215-64224. [PMID: 35882731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
After the treatment of liquid radioactive waste, there is a certain amount of Cs in the waste resin, and these Cs-doped resins are prone to volatilize during the thermal treatment process and cause radionuclide leakage. The molten salt oxidation (MSO) can effectively prevent the volatilization of toxic metal, especially the volatilization of Cs. Under nitrogen and air conditions, it is found that the oxidation behavior between Cs-doped and clean cation exchange resins (CERs) is quite different. In the presence of oxygen and molten carbonate salt, Cs2CO3 is generated by the destruction of functional groups in Cs-doped CERs. The Cs2CO3 in Na2CO3-K2CO3-Li2CO3 reacts with oxygen to form Li2O2, which reduces the content of S in residue from 26.33 to 13.38% in air conditions at 400 °C and promotes the generation of sulfate in the molten carbonate salt. The elements Cs and S in the Cs doped CERs spontaneously form thermally stable Cs2SO4 in the molten carbonate salt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-De Yan
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Yantai Research Institute & Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, China.
| | - Yun Xue
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Yantai Research Institute & Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, China
| | - Yue-Lin Wang
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Mi
- No. 703 Research Institute of CSIC, Harbin, 150078, China
| | | | - Yu Li
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fu-Qiu Ma
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Yantai Research Institute & Graduate School, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, China
| | - Mi-Lin Zhang
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Gan
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Li J, Chen L, Wang J. Solidification of radioactive wastes by cement-based materials. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Study on the properties of cement composites for immobilization of evaporator concentrates. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li J, Xu D, Wang X, Liu K, Mao Y, Wang M, Bai Y, Wang W. Encapsulation of cesium with a solid waste-derived sulfoaluminate matrix: A circular economy approach of treating nuclear wastes with solid wastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126156. [PMID: 34492936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to safely dispose nuclear wastes with the development of nuclear industries. Past approaches to this problem have included immobilizing radioactive cesium in Portland cement-based matrices; however, the leaching rates of cesium are relatively high, especially as the leaching temperature increases. This paper explores a high-efficiency and cost-effective approach for encapsulating cesium using a sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) matrix, which was prepared via synergetic use of industrial solid wastes. Leaching results showed that, the apparent diffusion coefficient values of cesium were only ~1.4 × 10-15 cm2/s and ~5 × 10-18 cm2/s at 25 ℃ and 90 ℃ leaching conditions, respectively. These values were several orders of magnitude lower when compared with previously reported values, indicating the excellent encapsulation performance of the solid-waste-based SAC for cesium. Moreover, the heavy metals contained in the industrial solid waste were also effectively immobilized. A mechanistic analysis revealed that cesium was encapsulated in the SAC matrices stably by a physical effect. Finally, a life cycle assessment and economic analysis indicated that this approach was environmental-friendly, cost-effective, and energy-saving. This work provides a promising strategy for effective encapsulation of cesium and synergetic treatment of industrial solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xujiang Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Shen H, Sun P, Meng X, Wang J, Liu H, Xu L. Nanoscale Fe 0/Cu 0 bimetallic catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of the mixture of nuclear-grade cationic and anionic exchange resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128763. [PMID: 33168287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spent resins generated from the nuclear industrial processes are still difficult to be treated and disposed. Fenton-like processes have great application potential in the treatment of spent resins, but the Fenton reaction mechanisms and resin degradation pathways remain challenging. In this study, nanoscale Fe0/Cu0 bimetallic catalysts were prepared and characterized for the Fenton-like degradation of the mixture of cationic and anionic resins. High catalytic property of Fe0/Cu0 bimetallic nanoparticles activated by H2O2 was evaluated, according to the effects of various nanoparticles, temperature, catalyst amount, H2O2 concentration and the mixing ratio of cationic and anionic resins. Combined the shape and color changes of mixed resins with the experimental and calculated characterization results, different degradation difficulty of cationic and anionic resins and their degradation mechanisms were studied. According to the density functional theory calculations of the optimized resin molecules with the Fe0/Cu0 catalyst, the mechanisms of Fenton-like reactions and the degradation of mixed resins through the synergistic effect of Fe and Cu species were proposed. The comprehensive Fenton-like reactions and degradation mechanisms provide new insights to advance the treatment of spent resins and organic polymers by Fenton-like processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Shen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Peijie Sun
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Datang Environment Industry Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Lejin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Fenton oxidative degradation of spent organic solvents from nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Review on Selection and Experiment Method of Commonly Studied Simulated Radionuclides in Researches of Nuclear Waste Solidification. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3287320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although many types of simulated radionuclides have been widely used as a substitute for actual nuclear waste in the studies of nuclear waste solidification, the understanding of the applicability and validity of simulated radionuclides is still insufficient. In particular, the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, which can play a decisive role in the accuracy of the experimental results, still lack unified or integrated references. This paper provides a critical review on the selection, experimental methods, and applicability of the most commonly studied simulated radionuclides, followed by a careful discussion and recommendation of simulated radionuclides suitable for different solidified bodies. The main factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and atmosphere) affecting the choice of simulated radionuclides were analyzed in detail. This work helps to integrate the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, and it will be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of nuclide solidification research.
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Kulikova SA, Vinokurov SE. The Influence of Zeolite (Sokyrnytsya Deposit) on the Physical and Chemical Resistance of a Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound for the Immobilization of High-Level Waste. Molecules 2019; 24:E3421. [PMID: 31547080 PMCID: PMC6804266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript presents the results of the development of new material for high-level waste (HLW) management: the magnesium potassium phosphate (MKP) compound. The possibility of using zeolite (Sokyrnytsya deposit) to increase the mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic resistance of this compound with immobilized HLW was studied. The main component of the used natural zeolite is a mineral of the clinoptilolite-heulandite series, and quartz, microcline, and clay minerals (illite, sepiolite, and smectite) are present as impurities. The compressive strength of the compound, containing at least 4.2 wt % zeolite, is about 25 MPa. Compound containing 28.6 wt % zeolite retains high compressive strength (at least 9.0 MPa), even after heat treatment at 450 °C. The adding of zeolite to the composition of the compound increases its hydrolytic stability, while the leaching rate of the mobile nuclides 137Cs and 90Sr decreases up to one order of values. Differential leaching rate of radionuclides from the compound containing 28.6 wt % zeolite is 2.6 × 10-7 for 137Cs, 2.9 × 10-6 for 90Sr, 1.7 × 10-9 for 239Pu, and 2.9 × 10-9 g/(cm2∙day) for 241Am. Thus, the properties of the resulting compound correspond to the requirements for solidified HLW in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Kulikova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey E Vinokurov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin st., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Zhang W, Wang J. Leaching performance of uranium from the cement solidified matrices containing spent radioactive organic solvent. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laili Z, Yasir MS, Yusof MAW. Leaching properties of Cs-134 from spent ion exchange resins solidified in cement-biochar matrix. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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11
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Disintegration and dissolution of spent radioactive cationic exchange resins using Fenton-like oxidation process. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang W, Li J, Wang J. Solidification of spent radioactive organic solvent by sulfoaluminate and Portland cements. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2015.1076747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Wan Z. Treatment and disposal of spent radioactive ion-exchange resins produced in the nuclear industry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lafond E, Cau Dit Coumes C, Gauffinet S, Chartier D, Le Bescop P, Stefan L, Nonat A. Effect of blastfurnace slag addition to Portland cement for cationic exchange resins encapsulation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135602003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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