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Qureshi MI, Qadri M, Arshad A. Challenges and Considerations in Assessing GERD: A Critical Review of a Study in Southern Punjab, Pakistan [Letter]. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:633-634. [PMID: 38524757 PMCID: PMC10959294 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s463309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manahil Qadri
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Arshad
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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2
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Schalli M, Platzer S, Haas D, Reinthaler FF. The behaviour of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bottled mineral water. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21634. [PMID: 38027778 PMCID: PMC10643266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination of bottled water during the filling and capping procedure is a problem which should be avoided. The examination of the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) on bacterial growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in bottled mineral water was the aim of this study. Commercially available glass bottles with plastic screw caps filled with natural mineral water (without additional CO2 "still" (StMW) and with CO2 "sparkling" (SpMW) were obtained from a manufacturer in the province of Styria, Austria. The artificial contamination was performed in the lab by opening the bottle with subsequent addition of a bacterial solution with a defined number of bacteria. For each bacterial strain, 12 bottles were prepared. Samples (100 mL) were taken after a specific number of days, filtrated and placed on Endo Agar for cultivation. After incubation for 24 h bacterial colonies were counted. In this study CO2 addition to bottled water reduced colony forming units of the two investigated bacterial strains over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Platzer
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Haas
- Applied Hygiene and Aerobiology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Taoka R, Yamada K, Sawanobori Y, Honda T, Osaki Y, Abe Y, Naito H, Tohi Y, Matsuoka Y, Kato T, Okazoe H, Ueda N, Sugimoto M. Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid administration before transurethral resection of bladder tumor induces perioperative nausea and vomiting. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103707. [PMID: 37451655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid during transurethral resection of bladder tumors has been demonstrated, albeit with limited information regarding its side effects. This study aimed to clarify the impact of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid on perioperative nausea and vomiting (NV) for the first time in a real-world clinical practice setting. METHODS Patients who underwent transurethral surgery at Kagawa University between April 2017 and March 2020 were included. Perioperative NV and antiemetic use status were prospectively assessed and compared between the patients who received oral 5-aminolevulinic acid and those who did not. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting. RESULTS Of 214 patients, 74 (34.6%) received oral 5-aminolevulinic acid preoperatively. The proportions of preoperative NV and antiemetic use in the patients who received 5-aminolevulinic acid were 9.5% and 4.1%, respectively, and higher than in those who did not (0% and 0%; P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Postoperative NV (25.7%) and antiemetics use (8.0%) ratios in the patients who received 5-aminolevulinic acid were significantly different from those in the non-users group (3.6% and 2.1%, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Although no differences in risk factors were found for postoperative NV between the two groups, multivariate analyses indicated 5-aminolevulinic acid use as an independent predictive factor for postoperative NV (odds ratio, 11.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.98-33.3; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our study clearly showed that oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid was associated with perioperative NV even without risk factors, highlighting the need for addressing its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikiya Taoka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Honda
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Yu Osaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Yohei Abe
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Hirohito Naito
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Tohi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Takuma Kato
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Homare Okazoe
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Nobufumi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Mikio Sugimoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Japan
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Cheng W, Li L, Long Z, Ma X, Chen F, Ma L, Zhang S, Lin J. Association between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Nutrients 2023; 15:3300. [PMID: 37571237 PMCID: PMC10420833 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although studies have suggested that dietary interventions may have potential benefits over conventional medical treatments, research on the association between dietary patterns and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) in pregnant women is scarce. (2) Methods: To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of HG, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Xi'an, China from April 2021 to September 2022. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and then factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. HG was defined as persistent and severe nausea and vomiting with weight loss ≥ 5%, pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE) score ≥ 13, or hospitalization due to vomiting. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for HG according to dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses and tests for interaction were performed by potential confounders. (3) Results: Of the 3122 pregnant women enrolled, 2515 individuals (mean age: 31.2 ± 3.4 years) were included in the final analysis. In total, 226 (8.9%) pregnant women were identified as having HG. Five dietary patterns were identified. After adjusting for covariates, the highest quartile of the "fish, shrimp and meat" and "egg, milk and water drinking" patterns was associated with a 37% and 58% lower risk of HG compared with the lowest quartile, respectively (p-trend < 0.05). Conversely, the highest quartile of the "beverage" pattern was associated with a 64% higher risk of HG compared with the lowest quartile (p-trend = 0.02). Furthermore, significant interactions were observed between the "egg, milk and water drinking" pattern and parity, employment status and nutritional supplement use (p-interaction < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in eggs, milk, seafood and unprocessed poultry and animal meat may be a protective factor against HG, while a diet high in beverages may be detrimental to HG. These associations may vary by parity, employment status and nutritional supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lintian Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Zhaoqing Long
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Xiuxiu Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Fangyao Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Shunming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (W.C.); (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.); (F.C.); (L.M.)
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710061, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Lamture Y. The Spectrum of Treatment Modalities for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32619. [PMID: 36660510 PMCID: PMC9845533 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disease that is encountered and treated by physicians all over the world. It is a chronic and non-progressive condition. Symptoms can range from mild heartburn to chronic, recurrent, and severe symptoms like constant acid regurgitation, laryngitis, bad breath, otitis media, and severe heartburn, which can be debilitating to the patient. Hence, the administration of appropriate therapy according to the patient's severity of symptoms is imperative, more so because over-the-counter drugs like antacids are very common to treat GERD. Often, in some instances, mere changes in lifestyle prove highly effective in reversing GERD symptomatology. Depending on the severity, response to treatment, and presence or absence of complications, treatment with medical or surgical modalities can be decided. It has now been found that although the gold standard in medical therapy for GERD has been proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), there has been increasing research about their side effects and recurrence after treatment. Hence, newer anti-GERD drugs have been under trial, which has been discussed in detail in the review. The use of surgical fundoplications has drastically decreased and is being widely replaced by incisionless laparoscopic fundoplications and newer endoluminal techniques such as the LINX device. This review aims to compile the vast spectrum of treatment modalities for GERD, ranging from more contemporary diagnostic methods, lifestyle modifications, medical therapy, and surgical and endoluminal techniques, with a particular focus on newer directions.
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Gurton WH, Matta GG, Gough LA, Hurst P. Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate ingestion strategies for protecting blinding. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2555-2563. [PMID: 36053364 PMCID: PMC9613539 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a widely researched ergogenic aid, but the optimal blinding strategy during randomised placebo-controlled trials is unknown. In this multi-study project, we aimed to determine the most efficacious ingestion strategy for blinding NaHCO3 research. During study one, 16 physically active adults tasted 0.3 g kg-1 body mass NaHCO3 or 0.03 g kg-1 body mass sodium chloride placebo treatments given in different flavour (orange, blackcurrant) and temperature (chilled, room temperature) solutions. They were required to guess which treatment they had received. During study two, 12 recreational athletes performed time-to-exhaustion (TTE) cycling trials (familiarisation, four experimental). Using a randomised, double-blind design, participants consumed 0.3 g kg-1 body mass NaHCO3 or a placebo in 5 mL kg-1 body mass chilled orange squash/water solutions or capsules and indicated what they believed they had received immediately after consumption, pre-TTE and post-TTE. In study one, NaHCO3 prepared in chilled orange squash resulted in the most unsure ratings (44%). In study two, giving NaHCO3 in capsules resulted in more unsure ratings than in solution after consumption (92 vs 33%), pre-TTE (67 vs. 17%) and post-TTE (50 vs. 17%). Administering NaHCO3 in capsules was the most efficacious blinding strategy which provides important implications for researchers conducting randomised placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gurton
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK.,Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guilherme G Matta
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Lewis A Gough
- Human Performance and Health Research Group, Centre for Life and Sport Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Philip Hurst
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
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Craggs-Dino L, El Chaar M, Husain FA, Rogers AM, Lima AG, Sadegh M, Bashiti J, Chapmon K. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Review on Fasting for Religious Purposes after Surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:861-871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Mou F, Xie Q, Liu J, Che S, Bahmane L, You M, Guan J. ZnO-based micromotors fueled by CO 2: the first example of self-reorientation-induced biomimetic chemotaxis. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab066. [PMID: 34876993 PMCID: PMC8645024 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemotactic micro/nanomotors are envisioned to actively ‘seek out’ targets by following specific chemicals, but they are mainly powered by bioincompatible fuels and only show pseudochemotaxis (or advanced chemokinesis) due to their weak self-reorientation capabilities. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ZnO-based Janus micromotors can be powered by the alternative biocompatible fuel of CO2, and further provide the first example of self-reorientation-induced biomimetic chemotaxis using them. The ZnO-based micromotors are highly sensitive to dissolved CO2 in water, which enables the corrosion of ZnO to continuously occur by providing H+ through hydration. Thus, they can autonomously move even in water exposed to air based on self-diffusiophoresis. Furthermore, they can sense the local CO2 gradient and perform positive chemotaxis by self-reorientations under the phoretic torque. Our discovery opens a gate to developing intelligent micro/nanomotors powered by, and sensitive to, biocompatible atmospheric or endogenous gaseous chemicals for biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengping Che
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lamya Bahmane
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Horiyama K, Emoto T, Haraguchi T, Uebanso T, Naito Y, Gyobu T, Kanemoto K, Inobe J, Sano A, Akutagawa M, Takahashi A. Bowel sound-based features to investigate the effect of coffee and soda on gastrointestinal motility. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Alfawaz H, Khan N, Alqahtani S, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Aljumah MA, Al-Daghri NM. Difference on the prevalence, patterns and awareness of soft drink consumption among male and female Arab students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:e657-e666. [PMID: 33097929 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in soft drink (SD) consumption is emerging as a serious health issue. Our aim is to explore the prevalence and awareness regarding SD consumption among Saudi students. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1000 apparently healthy Saudi students (527 males, 473 females) aged 16-23 years. A designed questionnaire including various sections was used to obtain the required information. RESULTS The BMI and frequency of SD consumption were significantly higher in males (P < 0.001) than females, whereas, females exhibited higher awareness and knowledge regarding SD consumption than males. The SD consumption in females was due to society, taste, availability and markets, whereas in males it was due to cheap price. Females support the implementation of new policies to prevent consumption of SD. CONCLUSIONS Arab students exhibited a high prevalence of SD consumption especially in males. Although females showed more awareness and knowledge about SD, various misconceptions were notable in both sexes. New policies, health promotion campaigns must be organized to raise awareness among children and parents. Parents and health educators should motivate and encourage the children to consume more water in the context of a healthy balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia.,Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences,, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra, 400 Sultanate of Oman
| | - Seham Alqahtani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneerah A Aljumah
- College of Medicine Medical Student, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Assessment of beverage consumption by young adults in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1635-1647. [PMID: 33424256 PMCID: PMC7783230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective was to assess beverage consumption pattern and calorie intake among undergraduate students on weekly and daily basis. Secondary objectives were to determine the relationship between demographic variables and beverage intake, assess mean differences in calorie intake between students’ groups and, report the predictors of beverage consumption. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months (January–March 2019) among currently enrolled undergraduate students studying in 8 colleges of a public sector university in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The study used the Arabic version of Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ) and collected data through purposive stratified sampling. Total intake in ml and calories in kcals were calculated. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23 and the study was approved from ethics committee of the university (IRB‐2019‐05‐021). Results A total of 507 students responded to the survey. The average volume of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), caffeine containing beverage (CCBs) and carbonated beverages (CarBs) consumed was 4.2 L, 4 L and 1.5 L per week and 650.6 ml, 575.2 ml and 224.6 ml per day, respectively. Average daily calorie intake from SSBs, CCBs and CarBs was 187.6 kcals, 87.6 kcals and 52.5 kcals, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly related to CCB (ρ = 0.130) and CarBs (ρ = 0.100) intake (mL) (p < 0.05). Mean difference in calorie intake was mostly significant (p < 0.05) when accounted for students’ demographics, gender, BMI, residence, illness and, examination time, in case of SSBs, CCBs, CarBs and, all beverages. Averge % contribution towards total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) for SSBs, CCBs and CarBs were 10.2%, 6.3% and 2.8%, respectively. Year of study, BMI, residence and illness were predictors of SSBs consumption while BMI, residence and examination time were predictors of CCBs consumption. Gender and BMI were predictors of CarBs intake. Conclusion There was a high consumption of beverages in students that was related to their demographic characteristics. There is a need to create awareness among the students regarding the detrimental effects of chronic consumption of these beverages.
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Almomen A, Maher HM, Alzoman NZ, Shehata SM, Alsubaie A. Flavoured water consumption alters pharmacokinetic parameters and increases exposure of erlotinib and gefitinib in a preclinical study using Wistar rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9881. [PMID: 33024629 PMCID: PMC7518156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erlotinib (ERL) and Gefitinib (GEF) are considered first line therapy for the management of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Like other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), ERL and GEF are mainly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) CYP3A4 isoform and are substrates for transporter proteins with marked inter-/intra-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. Therefore, ERL and GEF are candidates for drug-drug and food-drug interactions with a consequent effect on drug exposure and/or drug-related toxicities. In recent years, the consumption of flavoured water (FW) has gained in popularity. Among multiple ingredients, fruit extracts, which might constitute bioactive flavonoids, can possess an inhibitory effect on the CYP450 enzymes or transporter proteins. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of different types of FW on the PK parameters of ERL and GEF in Wistar rats. Methods ERL and GEF PK parameters in different groups of rats after four weeks consumption of different flavours of FW, namely berry, peach, lime, and pineapple, were determined from plasma drug concentrations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results Data indicated that tested FWs altered the PK parameters of both ERL and GEF differently. Lime water had the highest impact on most of ERL and GEF PK parameters, with a significant increase in Cmax (95% for ERL, 58% for GEF), AUC0-48 (111% for ERL, 203% for GEF), and AUC0-∞ (200% for ERL, 203% for GEF), along with a significant decrease in the apparent oral clearance of both drugs (65% for ERL, 67% for GEF). The order by which FW affected the PK parameters for ERL and GEF was as follows: lime > pineapple > berry > peach. Conclusion The present study indicates that drinking FW could be of significance in rats receiving ERL or GEF. Our results indicate that the alteration in PKs was mostly recorded with lime, resulting in an enhanced bioavailability, and reduced apparent oral clearance of the drugs. Peach FW had a minimum effect on the PK parameters of ERL and no significant effect on GEF PKs. Accordingly, it might be of clinical importance to evaluate the PK parameters of ERL and GEF in human subjects who consume FW while receiving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Almomen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadir M Maher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen M Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alsubaie
- Biological Products Evaluation Directorate, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Is Fluid Intake Associated With Fecal Incontinence in Women? Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020; 26:137-140. [PMID: 31990802 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine if fecal incontinence (FI) is associated with self-reported fluid intake in women seeking care for pelvic floor disorders. The secondary aim was to determine the association between bowel symptoms and fluids associated with FI. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of women presenting for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders from 2009 to 2015. The presence of FI was defined as an affirmative response of any frequency to the question, "During the last 4 weeks, how often have you leaked or soiled yourself with stool?" Data on fluid intake and bowel symptoms were collected using the Questionnaire-based Voiding Diary and Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory short form, respectively. The relationship between FI and quartiles of fluid intake, as well as the relationship between bowel symptoms and fluids associated with FI, was analyzed. RESULTS Nine hundred twenty-four women were included: 379 (41%) with and 545 (59%) without FI. There was an association between FI and increasing total carbonated fluid intake (P = 0.009) and decreasing water intake (P = 0.009). The associations between FI and carbonated fluid intake and FI and water intake remained significant after controlling for patient characteristics (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between the symptom of straining to defecate and carbonated beverage intake (P = 0.046), which remained significant after controlling for patient characteristics (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of carbonated beverages is associated with FI in women. Intake of carbonated fluids is associated with bowel symptoms that may exacerbate FI symptoms.
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Association between soft drink consumption and osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:1234-1241. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Newberry C, Lynch K. The role of diet in the development and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: why we feel the burn. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S1594-S1601. [PMID: 31489226 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.06.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common esophageal disorder that is characterized by troublesome symptoms associated with increased esophageal acid exposure. Cornerstones of therapy include acid suppressive agents like proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and lifestyle modifications including dietary therapy, although the latter is not well defined. As concerns regarding long term PPI use continue to be explored, patients and providers are becoming increasingly interested in the role of diet in disease management. The following is a review of dietary therapy for GERD with an emphasis on the effect food components have on pathophysiology and management. Although sequential dietary elimination of food groups is common, literature supports broader manipulation including reduction of overall sugar intake, increase in dietary fiber, and changes in overall eating practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristle Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Can We Use Diet to Effectively Treat Esophageal Disease? A Review of the Current Literature. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:38. [PMID: 28730507 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Esophageal diseases represent a wide variety of conditions affecting esophageal anatomy, physiology, and motility. Therapy focuses on pharmacotherapy and endoscopic or surgical management. Dietary therapy can be considered in management algorithms for specific esophageal diseases. This review focuses on outlining the literature related to dietary therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, data are strongest for dietary manipulation in eosinophilic esophagitis, specifically the six-food elimination diet. Dietary effects on gastroesophageal reflux disease are less clear, though newer research indicates that increased fiber with reduction in simple sugar intake may improve symptoms. In terms of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, antioxidant intake may affect carcinogenesis, though to an unknown degree. Outcomes data regarding dietary manipulation for the management of esophageal diseases is heterogeneous. Given the rising interest in non-pharmacological treatment options for these patients, continued research is warranted.
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Extraoral Taste Receptor Discovery: New Light on Ayurvedic Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 28642799 PMCID: PMC5469997 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5435831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More and more research studies are revealing unexpectedly important roles of taste for health and pathogenesis of various diseases. Only recently it has been shown that taste receptors have many extraoral locations (e.g., stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, respiratory system, heart, brain, kidney, urinary bladder, pancreas, adipose tissue, testis, and ovary), being part of a large diffuse chemosensory system. The functional implications of these taste receptors widely dispersed in various organs or tissues shed a new light on several concepts used in ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyaguna vijnana), such as taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), qualities (guna), and energetic nature (virya). This review summarizes the significance of extraoral taste receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels for ayurvedic pharmacology, as well as the biological activities of various types of phytochemical tastants from an ayurvedic perspective. The relative importance of taste (rasa), postdigestive effect (vipaka), and energetic nature (virya) as ethnopharmacological descriptors within Ayurveda boundaries will also be discussed.
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Lau ERL, Henry CJ. No influence of carbonation on glycemic response, gastric emptying, and satiety of sweetened drinks. Nutrition 2017; 39-40:1-7. [PMID: 28606564 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of carbonation of sweetened beverages on glycemic response, gastric emptying, and satiety. METHODS After an overnight fast, 15 healthy individuals (6 women, 9 men) consumed a 500 mL beverage containing 50 g glucose that was noncarbonated (NC), low carbonated (LC), or high carbonated (HC) at a standardized rate of consumption (100 mL/min). Blood glucose was measured at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after beverage consumption. Antral cross-sectional area was measured using ultrasound at baseline, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 min; for the estimation of gastric volume and gastric emptying rate. Satiety was assessed using electronic visual analog scales at the same time points as the blood glucose measurement. RESULTS There were no significant differences in glycemic response among the test beverages. Higher carbonation levels significantly increased antral cross-sectional area during the first 20 min after beverage consumption (P < 0.010) but did not translate into significant differences in gastric volume or gastric emptying rates. There was no significant effect of carbonation on satiety, but the area under the curve for thirst was significantly lower for HC compared with NC (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The carbonation of a simple glucose solution did not increase glycemic response nor alter gastric emptying and subjective feelings of satiety (with the exception of thirst). The present study suggests that carbonation does not alter glycemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Rou Lin Lau
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Center for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Center for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Prevalence of dental erosion among people with gastroesophageal reflux disease in China. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 117:48-54. [PMID: 27616724 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is typically diagnosed based on symptoms of regurgitation and heartburn, although it may also manifest as asthma-like symptoms, laryngitis, or dental erosion. PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective, cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of dental erosion in people with GERD and to evaluate the association between GERD and dental erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS The presence, severity, and pattern of dental erosion was assessed in 51 participants with GERD and 50 participants without GERD using the Smith and Knight tooth wear index. Medical, dietary, and dental histories were collected by questionnaire. Factors potentially related to dental erosion, including GERD, were evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS Dental erosion was observed in 31 (60.8%) participants with GERD and 14 (28%) participants without GERD. Bivariate analysis revealed that participants with GERD were more likely to experience dental erosion (crude odds ratio [cOR]: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.19, 6.32) than participants without GERD. Multivariate analysis also revealed that participants with GERD had a higher risk of dental erosion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.45, 10.89). Consumption of grains and legumes, the most frequently consumed foods in China, did not correlate with dental erosion. However, carbonated beverage consumption was significantly associated with GERD and dental erosion (aOR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.01, 11.04; P=.04). CONCLUSIONS GERD was positively correlated with dental erosion. Carbonated beverage consumption can increase the risk of both GERD and dental erosion.
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Fung TT, Arasaratnam MH, Grodstein F, Katz JN, Rosner B, Willett WC, Feskanich D. Soda consumption and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:953-8. [PMID: 25099544 PMCID: PMC4135502 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of soda consumption remains high in the United States. Soda consumption has been associated with poor bone health in children, but few studies have examined this relation in adults, and to our knowledge, no study has examined the relation of soda consumption with risk of hip fractures. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of soda, including specific types of soda, and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. DESIGN An analysis was conducted in postmenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study cohort (n = 73,572). Diet was assessed at baseline by using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire and updated approximately every 4 y. In ≤30 y of follow-up, we identified 1873 incident hip fractures. We computed RRs for hip fractures by the amount of soda consumption by using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS In multivariable models, each additional serving of total soda per day was associated with a significant 14% increased risk of hip fracture (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.23). The attributable risk in our cohort for total soda consumption was 12.5%. Risk was significantly elevated in consumers of both regular soda (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.38) and diet soda (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21) and also did not significantly differ between colas and noncolas or sodas with or without caffeine. The association between soda and hip fractures did not differ by body mass index or diagnosis of diabetes. CONCLUSION Increased soda consumption of all types may be associated with increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women; however, a clear mechanism was not apparent on the basis of these observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Fung
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Meredith H Arasaratnam
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Francine Grodstein
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Jeffrey N Katz
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Bernard Rosner
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Walter C Willett
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
| | - Diane Feskanich
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (FG, JNK, WCW, and MHA), Nutrition (WCW, TTF), and Biostatistics (BR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA (TTF); the Channing Division of Network Medicine (DF, FG, BR, and WCW), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy (JNK), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (MHA)
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Cuomo R, Andreozzi P, Zito FP. Alcoholic beverages and carbonated soft drinks: consumption and gastrointestinal cancer risks. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:97-120. [PMID: 24114477 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages (ABs) and carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) are widely consumed worldwide. Given the high consumption of these beverages, the scientific community has increased its focus on their health impact. There is epidemiological evidence of a causal association between AB intake and digestive cancer, but the role of alcohol in determining cancer is not fully defined. Experimental studies have so far identified multiple mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis; ethanol itself is not carcinogenic but available data suggest that acetaldehyde (AA) and reactive oxygen species-both products of ethanol metabolism-have a genotoxic effect promoting carcinogenesis. Other carcinogenetic mechanisms include nutritional deficits, changes in DNA methylation, and impaired immune surveillance. As CSDs are often suspected to cause certain gastrointestinal disorders, consequently, some researchers have hypothesized their involvement in gastrointestinal cancers. Of all the ingredients, carbon dioxide is prevalently involved in the alteration of gastrointestinal physiology by a direct mucosal effect and indirect effects mediated by the mechanical pressure determined by gas. The role of sugar or artificial sweeteners is also debated as factors involved in the carcinogenic processes. However, several surveys have failed to show any associations between CSDs and esophageal, gastric, or colon cancers. On the other hand, a slight correlation between risk of pancreatic cancer and CSD consumption has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Cuomo
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Hospital School of Medicine, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, Building no. 6, 80131, Naples, Italy,
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Cuomo R, Savarese MF, Sarnelli G, Nicolai E, Aragri A, Cirillo C, Vozzella L, Zito FP, Verlezza V, Efficie E, Buyckx M. The role of a pre-load beverage on gastric volume and food intake: comparison between non-caloric carbonated and non-carbonated beverage. Nutr J 2011; 10:114. [PMID: 21999723 PMCID: PMC3213184 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is conflicting data on the effects of carbon dioxide contained in beverages on stomach functions. We aimed to verify the effect of a pre-meal administration of a 300 ml non-caloric carbonated beverage (B+CO2) compared to water or a beverage without CO2 (B-CO2), during a solid (SM) and a liquid meal (LM) on: a) gastric volume, b) caloric intake, c) ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) release in healthy subjects. METHODS After drinking the beverages (Water, B-CO2, B+CO2), ten healthy subjects (4 women, aged 22-30 years; BMI 23 ± 1) were asked to consume either an SM or an LM, at a constant rate (110 kcal/5 min). Total gastric volumes (TGV) were evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging after drinking the beverage and at maximum satiety (MS). Total kcal intake at MS was evaluated. Ghrelin and CCK were measured by enzyme immunoassay until 120 min after the meal. Statistical calculations were carried out by paired T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data is expressed as mean ± SEM. RESULTS TGV after B+CO2 consumption was significantly higher than after B-CO2 or water (p < 0.05), but at MS, it was no different either during the SM or the LM. Total kcal intake did not differ at MS after any of the beverages tested, with either the SM (Water: 783 ± 77 kcals; B-CO2: 837 ± 66; B+CO2: 774 ± 66) or the LM (630 ± 111; 585 ± 88; 588 ± 95). Area under curve of ghrelin was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (13.8 ± 3.3 ng/ml/min) during SM following B-CO2 compared to B+CO2 and water (26.2 ± 4.5; 27.1 ± 5.1). No significant differences were found for ghrelin during LM, and for CCK during both SM and LM after all beverages. CONCLUSIONS The increase in gastric volume following a 300 ml pre-meal carbonated beverage did not affect food intake whether a solid or liquid meal was given. The consistency of the meal and the carbonated beverage seemed to influence ghrelin release, but were unable, under our experimental conditions, to modify food intake in terms of quantity. Further studies are needed to verify if other food and beverage combinations are able to modify satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Cuomo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Satiety, which is the inhibition of eating following the end of a meal, is influenced by a number of food characteristics, including compositional and structural factors. An increased understanding of these factors and the mechanisms whereby they exert their effects on satiety may offer a food-based approach to weight management. Water and gas, which are often neglected in nutrition, are major components of many foods and contribute to volume, and to sensory and other characteristics. A review of previous short-term studies that evaluated the effects of water or gas in foods on satiety showed that while satiety was generally increased, effects on subsequent intakes were not always apparent. These studies were diverse in terms of design, timings and food matrices, which precludes definitive conclusions. However, the results indicate that solids may be more effective at increasing satiety than liquids, but gas may be as effective as water. Although increased gastric distension may be the main mechanism underlying these effects, pre-ingestive and ingestive impacts on cognitive, anticipatory and sensory responses also appear to be involved. Furthermore, there is limited evidence that water on its own may be effective at increasing satiety and decreasing intakes when drunk before, but not with, a meal. Longer-term extrapolation suggests that increasing food volumes with water or gas may offer weight-management strategies. However, from a practical viewpoint, the effects of water and gas on satiety may be best exploited by using these non-nutrients to manipulate perceived portion sizes, without increasing energy contents.
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Johnson T, Gerson L, Hershcovici T, Stave C, Fass R. Systematic review: the effects of carbonated beverages on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:607-14. [PMID: 20055784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonated beverages have unique properties that may potentially exacerbate gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as high acidity and carbonation. Cessation of carbonated beverage consumption is commonly recommended as part of lifestyle modifications for patients with GERD. AIMS To evaluate the relationship of carbonated beverages with oesophageal pH, oesophageal motility, oesophageal damage, GERD symptoms and GERD complications. METHODS A systematic review. RESULTS Carbonated beverage consumption results in a very short decline in intra-oesophageal pH. In addition, carbonated beverages may lead to a transient reduction in lower oesophageal sphincter basal pressure. There is no evidence that carbonated beverages directly cause oesophageal damage. Carbonated beverages have not been consistently shown to cause GERD-related symptoms. Furthermore, there is no evidence that these popular drinks lead to GERD complications or oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available literature, it appears that there is no direct evidence that carbonated beverages promote or exacerbate GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Johnson
- The Neuroenteric Clinical Research Group, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
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