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Lian X, Cheng Y, Kang H. New insights of acylation stimulating protein in modulating the pathological progression of metabolic syndromes. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112018. [PMID: 38588630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and coronary artery diseases which are grouped as metabolic syndrome. Rather than being a storage for energy, the adipocytes could synthesis and secret diverse hormones and molecules, named as adipokines. Under obese status, the adipocytes are dysfunctional with excessively producing the inflammatory related cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Concerning on the vital role of adipokines, it is proposed that one of the critical pathological factors of obesity is the dysfunctional adipocytic pathways. Among these adipokines, acylation stimulating protein, as an adipokine synthesized by adipocytes during the process of cell differentiation, is shown to activate the metabolism of triglyceride (TG) by regulating the catabolism of glucose and free fatty acid (FFA). Recent attention has paid to explore the underlying mechanism whereby acylation stimulating protein influences the biological function of adipocyte and the pathological development of obesity. In the present review, we summarized the progression of acylation stimulating protein in modulating the physiological and hormonal catabolism which affects fat distribution. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms which acylation stimulating protein regulates the metabolism of adipose tissue and the process of metabolic syndrome were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Brown EC, Franklin BA, Regensteiner JG, Stewart KJ. Effects of single bout resistance exercise on glucose levels, insulin action, and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: A narrative review. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107610. [PMID: 32402840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have reported beneficial effects of chronic resistance exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. To clarify potential modulators of acute responses to resistance exercise, we reviewed the literature to determine the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched for studies investigating the effects of single bouts of resistance exercise on glucose and insulin levels, and cardiovascular disease risk in people with diabetes. Fourteen reports were identified and reviewed to formulate evidence-based resistance exercise prescription recommendations. RESULTS Glucose and insulin levels appear to decrease with resistance exercise with effects lasting up to 24 and 18 h, respectively. Bouts of resistance exercise may outperform aerobic exercise in reducing ambulatory blood pressure, with effects lasting up to 24 h. Moreover, resistance exercise after rather than before a meal may be more effective in reducing glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol levels. However, reducing injectable insulin dosage prior to resistance exercise may blunt its favorable effects on glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that a single bout of resistance exercise may be effective for acutely improving cardiometabolic markers in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Brown
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, 433 Meadow Brook Rd, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Barry A Franklin
- Preventative Cardiology/Cardiac Rehabilitation, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beaumont Health and Wellness Center, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Kerry J Stewart
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ribeiro PAB, Normandin E, Meyer P, Juneau M, White M, Nigam A, Gayda M. Beta-Blocker Type Effect on Substrate Oxidation during HIIE in Heart Failure Patients: Pilot Data. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:304-308. [PMID: 30916194 PMCID: PMC6424045 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of third and second-generation type of beta-blocker on substrate
oxidation especially during high-intensity exercises are scarce. The objective of the study is to explore differences of beta-blocker regimens
(vasodilating vs. non-vasodilating beta-blockers) for substrate oxidation during
in high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in chronic heart failure and
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Eighteen CHF males (58.8 ± 9 years), 8 under use of β1 specific
beta-blockers+alfa 1-blocker and 10 using β1 non-specific beta-blockers,
were randomly assigned to 4 different HIIE, in a cross-over design. The 4
protocols were: 30 seconds (A and B) or 90 seconds (C and D) at 100% peak power
output, with passive (A and C) or active recovery (50% of PPO; B and D). Energy
expenditure (EE; kcal/min), quantitative carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid oxidation
(g/min) and qualitative (%) contribution were calculated. Two-way ANOVA and
Bonferroni post-hoc test were used (p-value ≤ 0.05) to compare CHO and
lipid oxidation at rest and at 10min. Total exercise time or EE did not show differences for beta-blocker use. The type
of beta-blocker use showed impact in CHO (%) and lipid (g/min and %) for rest
and 10 min, but absolute contribution of CHO (g/min) was different just at 10min
(Interaction p = 0.029). Higher CHO oxidation was found in vasodilating
beta-blockers when comparing to non-vasodilating. According to our pilot data, there is an effect of beta-blocker type on substrate
oxidation during HIIE, but no influence on EE or exercise total time in HFrEF
patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aver Bretanha Ribeiro
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Eve Normandin
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec - Canada
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva - Switzerland
| | - Martin Juneau
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada
| | - Michel White
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada
| | - Mathieu Gayda
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre (ÉPIC), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec - Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec - Canada
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Newens KJ, Thompson AK, Jackson KG, Wright J, Williams CM. DHA-rich fish oil reverses the detrimental effects of saturated fatty acids on postprandial vascular reactivity. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:742-8. [PMID: 21831993 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental elevation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) impairs endothelial function, but the effect of NEFA composition is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the effect of acute elevation of NEFAs enriched with either saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or SFAs with long-chain (LC) n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs on vascular function measured via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), laser Doppler iontophoresis (LDI), and digital volume pulse (DVP). DESIGN In 59 subjects (30 men and 29 women), repeated oral fat feeding of either palm stearin (SFA) or palm stearin with DHA-rich fish oil (SFA + LC n-3 PUFA) was performed on 2 separate occasions with continuous heparin infusion to elevate NEFAs for a duration of 60 to 240 min. Vascular function was measured at baseline and at the end of NEFA elevation; venous blood was collected for measurement of lipids and circulating markers of endothelial function. RESULTS NEFA elevation during consumption of the SFA-rich drinks was associated with a marked impairment of FMD, whereas consumption of SFAs + LC n-3 PUFAs improved FMD response, with a mean (±SEM) difference of 2.06 ± 0.29% (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were found with percentage weight of LC n-3 PUFAs in circulating NEFAs and change in FMD response [Spearman's rho (r(s)) = 0.460, P < 0.001]. LDI measures increased during both treatments (P ≤ 0.026), and there was no change in DVP indexes. CONCLUSIONS The composition of NEFAs can acutely affect FMD. The beneficial effect of LC n-3 PUFAs on postprandial vascular function warrants further investigation but may be mediated by nitric oxide-independent mechanisms. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Newens
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom.
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