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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Cayupe B, Troncoso B, Morgan C, Sáez-Briones P, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Constandil L, Hernández A, Morselli E, Barra R. The Role of the Paraventricular-Coerulear Network on the Programming of Hypertension by Prenatal Undernutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911965. [PMID: 36233268 PMCID: PMC9569920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial etiological component in fetal programming is early nutrition. Indeed, early undernutrition may cause a chronic increase in blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart failure. In this regard, current evidence has sustained several pathological mechanisms involving changes in central and peripheral targets. In the present review, we summarize the neuroendocrine and neuroplastic modifications that underlie maladaptive mechanisms related to chronic hypertension programming after early undernutrition. First, we analyzed the role of glucocorticoids on the mechanism of long-term programming of hypertension. Secondly, we discussed the pathological plastic changes at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that contribute to the development of chronic hypertension in animal models of prenatal undernutrition, dissecting the neural network that reciprocally communicates this nucleus with the locus coeruleus. Finally, we propose an integrated and updated view of the main neuroendocrine and central circuital alterations that support the occurrence of chronic increases of blood pressure in prenatally undernourished animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Cayupe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Blanca Troncoso
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Carlos Morgan
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología y Comportamiento, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Patricio Sáez-Briones
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología y Comportamiento, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Luis Constandil
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Rafael Barra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170020, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-983831083
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da Costa PCT, de Souza EL, Lacerda DC, Cruz Neto JPR, de Sales LCS, Silva Luis CC, Pontes PB, Cavalcanti Neto MP, de Brito Alves JL. Evidence for Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement for the Treatment of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Pregnancy: A Review in Rodent Models. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182772. [PMID: 36140900 PMCID: PMC9497971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation has been linked to a lower risk of maternal cardio-metabolic disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), dyslipidemia, preeclampsia, attenuation of malnutrition-related conditions, and gestational obesity in animal studies. Pre-clinical studies have shown that maternal supplementation with quercetin reduces cardio-metabolic diseases in dams and rodents’ offspring, emphasizing its role in modifying phenotypic plasticity. In this sense, it could be inferred that quercetin administration during pregnancy and lactation is a viable strategy for changing cardio-metabolic parameters throughout life. Epigenetic mechanisms affecting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathways could be associated with these changes. To highlight these discoveries, this review outlines the understanding from animal studies investigations about quercetin supplementation and its capacity to prevent or decrease maternal and offspring cardio-metabolic illnesses and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Trindade da Costa
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Cosmo Silva Luis
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Brielle Pontes
- Postgraduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Health Sciences Behavior, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Integrated Laboratory of Morphofunctional Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability (NUPEM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé 21941-901, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Postgraduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +55-81-998-455-485
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Elevated Vascular Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Remodelling Is a Common Feature in a Rat Model of Foetal Programming of Hypertension and SHR. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081902. [PMID: 36009448 PMCID: PMC9405620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is of unknown aetiology, with sympathetic nervous system hyperactivation being one of the possible contributors. Hypertension may have a developmental origin, owing to the exposure to adverse factors during the intrauterine period. Our hypothesis is that sympathetic hyperinnervation may be implicated in hypertension of developmental origins, being this is a common feature with essential hypertension. Two-animal models were used: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-model of essential hypertension) and offspring from dams exposed to undernutrition (MUN-model of developmental hypertension), with their respective controls. In adult males, we assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), sympathetic nerve function (3H-tritium release), sympathetic innervation (immunohistochemistry) and vascular remodelling (histology). MUN showed higher SBP/DBP, but not HR, while SHR exhibited higher SBP/DBP/HR. Regarding the mesenteric arteries, MUN and SHR showed reduced lumen, increased media and adventitial thickness and increased wall/lumen and connective tissue compared to respective controls. Regarding sympathetic nerve activation, MUN and SHR showed higher tritium release compared to controls. Total tritium tissue/tyrosine hydroxylase detection was higher in SHR and MUN adventitia arteries compared to respective controls. In conclusion, sympathetic hyperinnervation may be one of the contributors to vascular remodelling and hypertension in rats exposed to undernutrition during intrauterine life, which is a common feature with spontaneous hypertension.
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Simões-Alves AC, Arcoverde-Mello APFC, Campos JDO, Wanderley AG, Leandro CVG, da Costa-Silva JH, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V. Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829920. [PMID: 35620602 PMCID: PMC9127546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases has been replaced by a high prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Concomitantly, there have been profound changes in the behavior and eating habits of families around the world, characterizing a “nutritional transition” phenomenon, which refers to a shift in diet in response to modernization, urbanization, or economic development from undernutrition to the excessive consumption of hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods. Protein malnutrition that was a health problem in the first half of the 20th century has now been replaced by high-fat diets, especially diets high in saturated fat, predisposing consumers to overweight and obesity. This panorama points us to the alarming coexistence of both malnutrition and obesity in the same population. In this way, individuals whose mothers were undernourished early in pregnancy and then exposed to postnatal hyperlipidic nutrition have increased risk factors for developing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects resulting from postnatal hyperlipidic diets in protein-restricted subjects, as well as to examine the epigenetic repercussions occasioned by the nutritional transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiany Cibelle Simões-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fonseca Cabral Arcoverde-Mello
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Oliveira Campos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Virginia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza,
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Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Peres MNC, Piovan S, Gonçalves GD, Saavedra LPJ, Martins JNDL, Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Lopes GKG, Carneiro M, Almeida DL, Gomes RM, Comar JF, Armitage JA, Mathias PCDF, Palma-Rigo K. Protein Restriction in the Peri-Pubertal Period Induces Autonomic Dysfunction and Cardiac and Vascular Structural Changes in Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840179. [PMID: 35574445 PMCID: PMC9095958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations to nutrition during critical periods are associated with changes in embryonic, fetal or postnatal developmental patterns that may render the offspring more likely to develop cardiovascular disease in later life. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether autonomic nervous system imbalance underpins in the long-term hypertension induced by dietary protein restriction during peri-pubertal period. Male Wistar rats were assigned to groups fed with a low protein (4% protein, LP) or control diet (20.5% protein; NP) during peri-puberty, from post-natal day (PN) 30 until PN60, and then all were returned to a normal protein diet until evaluation of cardiovascular and autonomic function at PN120. LP rats showed long-term increased mean arterial pressure (p = 0.002) and sympathetic arousal; increased power of the low frequency (LF) band of the arterial pressure spectral (p = 0.080) compared with NP animals. The depressor response to the ganglion blocker hexamethonium was increased in LP compared with control animals (p = 0.006). Pulse interval variability showed an increase in the LF band and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.062 and p = 0.048) in LP animals. The cardiac response to atenolol and/or methylatropine and the baroreflex sensitivity were similar between groups. LP animals showed ventricular hypertrophy (p = 0.044) and increased interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.028) compared with controls. Reduced protein carbonyls (PC) (p = 0.030) and catalase activity (p = 0.001) were observed in hearts from LP animals compared with control. In the brainstem, the levels of PC (p = 0.002) and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (p = 0.044 and p = 0.012) were reduced in LP animals, while the levels of GSH and total glutathione were higher (p = 0.039 and p = 0.038) compared with NP animals. Protein restriction during peri-pubertal period leads to hypertension later in life accompanied by sustained sympathetic arousal, which may be associated with a disorganization of brain and cardiac redox state and structural cardiac alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Maria Natalia Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dutra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nunes de Lima Martins
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Divino Ferreira Junior
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Keilah Valeria Naves Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gabriel kian Guimarães Lopes
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Mariane Carneiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and Radioisotopes, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
- Adventist College of Parana, Ivatuba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kesia Palma-Rigo,
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Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Krzyśko- Pieczka I, Skowrońska B, Sliwowska JH. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes - From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785674. [PMID: 35197931 PMCID: PMC8858803 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period, during which a fully formed newborn capable of surviving outside its mother's body is built from a single cell, is critical for human development. It is also the time when the foetus is particularly vulnerable to environmental factors, which may modulate the course of its development. Both epidemiological and animal studies have shown that foetal programming of physiological systems may alter the growth and function of organs and lead to pathology in adulthood. Nutrition is a particularly important environmental factor for the pregnant mother as it affects the condition of offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an unbalanced maternal metabolic status (under- or overnutrition) may cause long-lasting physiological and behavioural alterations, resulting in metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Various diets are used in laboratory settings in order to induce maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, and to alter the offspring development. The most popular models are: high-fat, high-sugar, high-fat-high-sugar, and cafeteria diets. Maternal undernutrition models are also used, which results in metabolic problems in offspring. Similarly to animal data, human studies have shown the influence of mothers' diets on the development of children. There is a strong link between the maternal diet and the birth weight, metabolic state, changes in the cardiovascular and central nervous system of the offspring. The mechanisms linking impaired foetal development and adult diseases remain under discussion. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play a major role in prenatal programming. Additionally, sexually dimorphic effects on offspring are observed. Therefore, further research on both sexes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Grzęda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gertig-Kolasa
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Krzyśko- Pieczka
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogda Skowrońska
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna H. Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna H. Sliwowska,
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Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular-Coerulear Excitatory Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123568. [PMID: 34207980 PMCID: PMC8230629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular-coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.
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Marques EB, Souza KPD, Alvim-Silva T, Martins ILF, Pedro S, Scaramello CBV. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases: Programming and Reprogramming. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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10
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Post-weaning protein malnutrition induces myocardial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and altered calcium handling proteins in adult rats. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:261-272. [PMID: 33555533 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypercaloric low-protein diet may lead to a state of malnutrition found in the low-income population of Northeastern Brazil. Although malnutrition during critical periods in the early life is associated with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction are still unclear. Here we studied the effects of post-weaning malnutrition due to low protein intake induced by a regional basic diet on the cardiac contractility of young adult rats. In vivo arterial hemodynamic and in vitro myocardial contractility were evaluated in 3-month-old rats. Additionally, protein content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), total phospholamban (PLB) and phosphorylated at serine 16 (p-Ser(16)-PLB), α2-subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (α2-NKA), and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NXC) and in situ production of superoxide anion (O2(-)) were measured in the heart. Blood pressure and heart rate increased in the post-weaning malnourished (PWM) rats. Moreover, malnutrition decreased twitch force and inotropic responses of the isolated cardiac muscle. Protein expression of SERCA, PLB/SERCA, and p-Ser(16)-PLB/PLB ratios and α2-NKA were decreased without changing NCX. The contraction dependent on transsarcolemmal calcium influx was unchanged but responsiveness to Ca(2+) and tetanic peak contractions were impaired in the PWM group. Myocardial O2(-) production was significantly increased by PWM. Our data demonstrated that this hypercaloric low-protein diet in rats is associated with myocardial dysfunction, altered expression of major calcium handling proteins, and increased local oxidative stress. These findings reinforce the attention needed for pediatric care, since chronic malnutrition in early life is related to increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Graphical Abstract.
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11
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Barros MADV, de Brito Alves JL, Barros RGN, Santana E Silva M, Nasser S, Tourneur Y, Leandro CVG, Vidal H, Pirola L, Costa-Silva JH. Effects of maternal protein restriction on central and peripheral renin-angiotensin systems in male rat offspring. Life Sci 2020; 263:118574. [PMID: 33049280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) on the cardiorespiratory control in rats from dams fed with a low-protein diet. MAIN METHODS Male offspring were obtained from dams fed a normoprotein diet (NP, 17% casein) and low-protein diet (LP, 8% casein) during pregnancy and lactation. Direct measurements of arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (RF) were recorded in awake 90-day-old at resting and after losartan potassium through either intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjections or intravenous (IV) administration. Cardiovascular variability was evaluated by spectral analysis. Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed through the potassium cyanide (KCN; 40 μg/0.1 ml/rat, IV). Gene expression was evaluated by qPCR, and MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) expression was evaluated by western blot. KEY FINDINGS The LP offspring had higher mean AP (MAP) and RF than NP offspring. In the spectral analysis, the LP rats also showed higher low frequency of systolic AP (NP: 2.7 ± 0.3 vs. LP: 5.0 ± 1.0 mmHg). After ICV losartan, MAP and RF in LP rats remained higher than those in NP rats, but without changes in HR. The peripheral chemoreflex was similar between the groups. LP group had lower gene expression of Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) (NP: 1.13 ± 0.06 vs. LP: 0.88 ± 0.08). Peripherally, LP rats had larger delta of MAP after IV losartan (NP: -9.8 ± 2 vs. LP: -23 ± 6 mmHg), without changes in HR and RF. SIGNIFICANCE In rats, the RAS participates peripherally, but not centrally, in the maintenance of arterial hypertension in male offspring induced by maternal protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Assis de Vasconcelos Barros
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa 58051900, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Gabriella Nery Barros
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Manuel Santana E Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Souad Nasser
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Yves Tourneur
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Carol Virgínia Gois Leandro
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, 50670-901, Recife, Brazil; Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921 Oullins, France.
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12
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Facchi JC, Lima TALD, Oliveira LRD, Costermani HDO, Miranda GDS, de Oliveira JC. Perinatal programming of metabolic diseases: The role of glucocorticoids. Metabolism 2020; 104:154047. [PMID: 31837301 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metabolic diseases has urged the scientific community to improve our understanding about the mechanisms underlying its cause and effects. A well supported area of studies had related maternal stress with early programming to the later metabolic diseases. Mechanisms upon origins of metabolic disturbances are not yet fully understood, even though stressful factors rising glucocorticoids have been put out as pivotal trigger by programming metabolic diseases as long-term consequence. Considering energy balance and glucose homeostasis, by producing and/or sensing regulator signals, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and endocrine pancreas are directly affected by glucocorticoids excess. We focus on the evidences reporting the role of increased glucocorticoids due to perinatal insults on the physiological systems involved in the metabolic homeostasis and in the target organs such as endocrine pancreas, white adipose tissue and blood vessels. Besides, we review some mechanisms underlining the malprogramming of type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Studies on this field are currently ongoing and even there is a good understanding regarding the effects of glucocorticoids addressing metabolic diseases, few is known about the relationship between maternal insults rising glucocorticoids to pups' metabolic disturbances, a thorough understanding about that may provide pivotal clinical clues regarding those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Cristina Facchi
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ryba de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD concept, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center, NUPADS, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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13
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Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
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14
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Alves DS, Barbosa DFS, Nogueira VO, Tourneur Y, Fontes DAF, Brito-Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein restriction affects cardiovascular, but not respiratory response to L-glutamate microinjection into the NTS of conscious rats. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:907-918. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1692508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - D. F. S. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - V. O. Nogueira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Y. Tourneur
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - D. A. F. Fontes
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - J. L. Brito-Alves
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, Brazil
| | - J. H. Costa-Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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15
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Maternal physical activity prevents the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and cardiorespiratory dysfunction in protein malnourished rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14406. [PMID: 31594995 PMCID: PMC6783408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal physical activity attenuates cardiorespiratory dysfunctions and transcriptional alterations presented by the carotid body (CB) of rats. Rats performed physical activity and were classified as inactive/active. During gestation and lactation, mothers received either normoprotein (NP-17% protein) or low-protein diet (LP-8% protein). In offspring, biochemical serum levels, respiratory parameters, cardiovascular parameters and the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and purinergic receptors were evaluate. LP-inactive pups presented lower RF from 1st to 14th days old, and higher RF at 30 days than did NP-inactive and NP-active pups. LP-inactive pups presented with reduced serum protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides levels and an increased fasting glucose level compared to those of NP-inactive and NP-active groups. LP and LP-inactive animals showed an increase in the cardiac variability at the Low-Frequency bands, suggesting a major influence of sympathetic nervous activity. In mRNA analyses, LP-inactive animals showed increased HIF-1α expression and similar expression of TH and purinergic receptors in the CB compared to those of NP groups. All these changes observed in LP-inactive pups were reversed in the pups of active mothers (LP-active). Maternal physical activity is able to attenuate the metabolic, cardiorespiratory and HIF-1α transcription changes induced by protein malnutrition.
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16
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Santana DF, Ferreira DS, Braz GRF, Sousa SMS, Silva TLDA, Gomes DA, Fernandes MP, Andrade-da-Costa BL, Lagranha CJ. Maternal Protein Restriction in Two Successive Generations Impairs Mitochondrial Electron Coupling in the Progeny's Brainstem of Wistar Rats From Both Sexes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:203. [PMID: 30930735 PMCID: PMC6427765 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein deficiency during the critical development period of the progeny disturbs mitochondrial metabolism in the brainstem, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in the first-generation (F1) offspring, but is unknown if this effect persists in the second-generation (F2) offspring. The study tested whether mitochondrial health and oxidative balance will be restored in F2 rats. Male and female rats were divided into six groups according to the diet fed to their mothers throughout gestation and lactation periods. These groups were: (1) normoprotein (NP) and (2) low-protein (LP) rats of the first filial generation (F1-NP and F1-LP, respectively) and (3) NP and (4) LP rats of the second filial generation (F2-NP and F2-LP, respectively). After weaning, all groups received commercial chow and a portion of each group was sacrificed on the 30th day of life for determination of mitochondrial and oxidative parameters. The remaining portion of the F1 group was mated at adulthood and fed an NP or LP diet during the periods of gestation and lactation, to produce progeny belonging to (5) F2R-NP and (6) F2R-LP group, respectively. Our results demonstrated that male F1-LP rats suffered mitochondrial impairment associated with an 89% higher production of reactive species (RS) and 137% higher oxidative stress biomarkers, but that the oxidative stress was blunted in female F1-LP animals despite the antioxidant impairment. In the second generation following F0 malnutrition, brainstem antioxidant defenses were restored in the F2-LP group of both sexes. However, F2R-LP offspring, exposed to LP in the diets of the two preceding generations displayed a RS overproduction with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Our findings demonstrate that nutritional stress during the reproductive life of the mother can negatively affect mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative balance in the brainstem of F1 progeny, but that restoration of a normal diet during the reproductive life of those individuals leads toward a mitochondrial recovery in their own (F2) progeny. Otherwise, if protein deprivation is continued from the F0 generation and into the F1 generation, the F2 progeny will exhibit no recovery, but instead will remain vulnerable to further oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Santana
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Diorginis S Ferreira
- Colegiado de Educação Física, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ruda F Braz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Shirley M S Sousa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Academic Center of Vitoria - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.,Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Belmira Lara Andrade-da-Costa
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behaviour, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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17
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Sinha S, Patro N, Patro IK. Maternal Protein Malnutrition: Current and Future Perspectives of Spirulina Supplementation in Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:966. [PMID: 30618587 PMCID: PMC6305321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition has been widely recognized as a grave burden restricting the progress of underdeveloped and developing countries. Maternal, neonatal and postnatal nutritional immunity provides an effective approach to decrease the risk of malnutrition associated stress in adulthood. Particularly, maternal nutritional status is a critical contributor for determining the long-term health aspects of an offspring. Maternal malnutrition leads to increased risk of life, poor immune system, delayed motor development and cognitive dysfunction in the children. An effective immunomodulatory intervention using nutraceutical could be used to enhance immunity against infections. The immune system in early life possesses enormous dynamic capacity to manage both genetic and environment driven processes and can adapt to rapidly changing environmental exposures. These immunomodulatory stimuli or potent nutraceutical strategy can make use of early life plasticity to target pathways of immune ontogeny, which in turn could increase the immunity against infectious diseases arising from malnutrition. This review provides appreciable human and animal data showing enduring effects of protein deprivation on CNS development, oxidative stress and inflammation and associated behavioral and cognitive impairments. Relevant studies on nutritional supplementation and rehabilitation using Spirulina as a potent protein source and neuroprotectant against protein malnutrition (PMN) induced deleterious changes have also been discussed. However, there are many futuristic issues that need to be resolved for proper modulation of these therapeutic interventions to prevent malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrstha Sinha
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nisha Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Ishan K Patro
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
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18
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Nogueira V, Brito-Alves J, Fontes D, Oliveira L, Lucca W, Tourneur Y, Wanderley A, da Silva GSF, Leandro C, Costa-Silva JH. Carotid body removal normalizes arterial blood pressure and respiratory frequency in offspring of protein-restricted mothers. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:1000-1012. [PMID: 30242293 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects elicited by carotid body removal (CBR) on ventilatory function and the development of hypertension in the offspring of malnourished rats. Wistar rats were fed a normo-protein (NP, 17% casein) or low-protein (LP, 8% casein) diet during pregnancy and lactation. At 29 days of age, the animals were submitted to CBR or a sham surgery, according to the following groups: NP-cbr, LP-cbr, NP-sham, or LP-sham. In the short-term, at 30 days of age, the respiratory frequency (RF) and immunoreactivity for Fos on the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN; brainstem site containing CO2 sensitive neurons) after exposure to CO2 were evaluated. In the long term, at 90 days of age, arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and cardiovascular variability were evaluated. In the short term, an increase in the baseline RF (~6%), response to CO2 (~8%), and Fos in the RTN (~27%) occurred in the LP-sham group compared with the NP-sham group. Interestingly, the CBR in the LP group normalized the RF in response to CO2 as well as RTN cell activation. In the long term, CBR reduced the mean AP by ~20 mmHg in malnourished rats. The normalization of the arterial pressure was associated with a decrease in the low-frequency (LF) oscillatory component of AP (~58%) and in the sympathetic tonus to the cardiovascular system (~29%). In conclusion, carotid body inputs in malnourished offspring may be responsible for the following: (i) enhanced respiratory frequency and CO2 chemosensitivity in early life and (ii) the production of autonomic imbalance and the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nogueira
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Jose Brito-Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Danilo Fontes
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracajú, SE, Brazil
| | - Waldecy Lucca
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracajú, SE, Brazil
| | - Yves Tourneur
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Almir Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Glauber S F da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carol Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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19
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Camm EJ, Botting KJ, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Near to One's Heart: The Intimate Relationship Between the Placenta and Fetal Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29997513 PMCID: PMC6029139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the fetal heart is exquisitely controlled by a multitude of factors, ranging from humoral to mechanical forces. The gatekeeper regulating many of these factors is the placenta, an external fetal organ. As such, resistance within the placental vascular bed has a direct influence on the fetal circulation and therefore, the developing heart. In addition, the placenta serves as the interface between the mother and fetus, controlling substrate exchange and release of hormones into both circulations. The intricate relationship between the placenta and fetal heart is appreciated in instances of clinical placental pathology. Abnormal umbilical cord insertion is associated with congenital heart defects. Likewise, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, where monochorionic twins have unequal sharing of their placenta due to inter-twin vascular anastomoses, can result in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in both fetuses. Moreover, epidemiological studies have suggested a link between placental phenotypic traits and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. To date, the mechanistic basis of the relationships between the placenta, fetal heart development and later risk of cardiac dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. However, studies using environmental exposures and gene manipulations in experimental animals are providing insights into the pathways involved. Likewise, surgical instrumentation of the maternal and fetal circulations in large animal species has enabled the manipulation of specific humoral and mechanical factors to investigate their roles in fetal cardiac development. This review will focus on such studies and what is known to date about the link between the placenta and heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Barros MAV, Andrade EB, Barros RGN, Costa IKM, Costa ICL, Vitorino GFA, Andrade JJC, Paulino-Silva KM, Nogueira VO, de Brito Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Low-protein diet does not alter reproductive, biochemical, and hematological parameters in pregnant Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6602. [PMID: 29791594 PMCID: PMC6002141 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive, biochemical, and
hematological outcomes of pregnant rats exposed to protein restriction. Wistar
rat dams were fed a control normal-protein (NP, 17% protein, n=8) or a
low-protein (LP, 8% protein, n=14) diet from the 1st to the 20th day of
pregnancy. On the 20th day, the clinical signs of toxicity were evaluated. The
pregnant rats were then anesthetized and blood samples were collected for
biochemical-hematological analyses, and laparotomy was performed to evaluate
reproductive parameters. No sign of toxicity, or differences (P>0.05) in body
weight gain and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, and
total protein) between NP and LP pregnant dams were observed. Similarly,
hematological data, including red blood cell count, white blood cell count,
hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width (coefficient of
variation), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean
corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, % lymphocytes, absolute lymphocyte count,
platelet count, and mean platelet volume were similar (P>0.05) at the end of
pregnancy. Reproductive parameters (the dam-offspring relationship, ovary mass,
placenta mass, number of corpora lutea, implantation index, resorption index,
and the pre- and post-implantation loss rates) were also not different
(P>0.05) between NP and LP pregnant dams. The present data showed that a
protein-restricted diet during pregnancy did not alter reproductive,
biochemical, and hematological parameters and seems not to have any toxic effect
on pregnant Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A V Barros
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - E B Andrade
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - R G N Barros
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - I K M Costa
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - I C L Costa
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - G F A Vitorino
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - J J C Andrade
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - K M Paulino-Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - V O Nogueira
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - J L de Brito Alves
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J H Costa-Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Atividade Física e Plasticidade Fenotípica Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
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21
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A new model for fetal programming: maternal Ramadan-type fasting programs nephrogenesis. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:287-298. [PMID: 29317010 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441700109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of maternal Ramadan-type fasting (RTF) on the outcome of pregnancy, kidney development and nephron number in male rat offspring was investigated in current study. Pregnant rats were given food and water ad libitum during pregnancy (control) or restricted for 16 h per day (RTF). Kidney structure was examined during fetal life, at birth, and in early and late adulthood. Maternal body weight, food intake, relative food intake and plasma glucose levels were significantly lower (P<0.001) in the RTF group. Litter and pup weights also were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the RTF group at birth, with no difference in the litter size. The RTF group had a longer gestation, delayed nephrogenesis with less well-differentiated glomeruli, more connective tissue, fewer medullary rays, an increase in the nephrogenic zone/cortical zone ratio, and significant increase (P<0.001) in kidney apoptosis at birth. On the other hand, maternal fasting reduced nephron number (by ~31%) with unchanged kidney and total glomerular volumes. Mean glomerular volume was significantly higher in RTF offspring. Assessment of renal structure revealed mild glomerulosclerosis with enlarged lobulated glomeruli in the renal cortex and high interstitial fibrosis in the medulla of RTF kidneys. Taken together, gestational fasting delays nephrogenesis and reduces nephron number in the kidneys of the offspring, that could be partially owing to increased apoptosis.
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22
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de Brito Alves JL, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein malnutrition induced-hypertension: New evidence about the autonomic and respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:422-429. [PMID: 29164748 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein malnutrition during the critical stages of development (pregnancy, lactation and first infancy) can lead to adult hypertension. Studies have shown that renal and cardiovascular dysfunctions can be associated to the development of hypertension in humans and rats exposed to maternal protein malnutrition. The etiology of hypertension, however, includes a complex network involved in central and peripheral blood pressure control. Recently, the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in protein-restricted rats has been reported. Studies have shown that protein malnutrition during pregnancy and/or lactation alters blood pressure control through mechanisms that include central sympathetic-respiratory dysfunctions and epigenetic modifications, which may contribute to adult hypertension. Thus, this review will discuss the historical context, new evidences of neurogenic disruption in respiratory-sympathetic activities and possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in maternal protein malnutrition induced- hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, Brazil
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23
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Lagranha CJ, Silva TLA, Silva SCA, Braz GRF, da Silva AI, Fernandes MP, Sellitti DF. Protective effects of estrogen against cardiovascular disease mediated via oxidative stress in the brain. Life Sci 2017; 192:190-198. [PMID: 29191645 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During their reproductive years women produce significant levels of estrogens, predominantly in the form of estradiol, that are thought to play an important role in cardioprotection. Mechanisms underlying this action include both estrogen-mediated changes in gene expression, and post-transcriptional activation of protein signaling cascades in the heart and in neural centers controlling cardiovascular function, in particular, in the brainstem. There, specific neurons, especially those of the bulbar region play an important role in the neuronal control of the cardiovascular system because they control the outflow of sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity as well as the reception of chemical and mechanical signals. In the present review, we discuss how estrogens exert their cardioprotective effect in part by modulating the actions of internally generated products of cellular oxidation such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain stem neurons. The significance of this review is in integrating the literature of oxidative damage in the brain with the literature of neuroprotection by estrogen in order to better understand both the benefits and limitations of using this hormone to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
| | - Tercya Lucidi Araujo Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Severina Cassia A Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Glaber Ruda F Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Donald F Sellitti
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Effect of maternal dyslipidaemia on the cardiorespiratory physiology and biochemical parameters in male rat offspring. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:930-941. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of maternal dyslipidaemia on blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory physiology and biochemical parameters in male offspring. Wistar rat dams were fed either a control (CTL) or a dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, both CTL and DLP offspring received standard diet. On the 30th and 90th day of life, blood samples were collected for metabolic analyses. Direct measurements of BP, respiratory frequency (RF), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (VE) under baseline condition, as well as during hypercapnia (7 % CO2) and hypoxia (KCN, 0·04 %), were recorded from awake 90-d-old male offspring. DLP dams exhibited raised serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) (4·0-fold), TAG (2·0-fold), VLDL+LDL (7·7-fold) and reduced HDL-cholesterol (2·4-fold), insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis at the end of lactation. At 30 d of age, the DLP offspring showed an increase in the serum levels of TC (P<0·05) and VLDL+LDL (P<0·05) in comparison with CTL offspring. At 90 d of age, DLP offspring exhibited higher mean arterial pressure (MAP, approximately 34 %). In the spectral analysis, the DLP group showed augmented low-frequency (LF) power and LF:high-frequency (HF) ratio when compared with CTL offspring. In addition, the DLP animals showed a larger delta variation in arterial pressure after administration of the ganglionic blocker (P=0·0003). We also found that cardiorespiratory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia was augmented in DLP offspring. In conclusion, the present data show that maternal dyslipidaemia alters cardiorespiratory physiology and may be a predisposing factor for hypertension at adulthood.
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25
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Tarry-Adkins JL, Ozanne SE. Nutrition in early life and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:96-105. [PMID: 27594376 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of age-associated disease is increasing at a striking rate globally. It is known that a strong association exists between a suboptimal maternal and/or early-life environment and increased propensity of developing age-associated disease, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The dissection of underlying molecular mechanisms to explain this phenomenon, which is known as 'developmental programming' is still emerging; however three common mechanisms have emerged in many models of developmental programming. These mechanisms are (a) changes in tissue structure, (b) epigenetic regulation and (c) accelerated cellular ageing. This review will examine the epidemiological evidence and the animal models of suboptimal maternal environments, focusing upon these molecular mechanisms and will discuss the progress being made in the development of safe and effective intervention strategies which ultimately could target those 'programmed' individuals who are known to be at-risk of age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
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26
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de Brito Alves JL, de Oliveira JMD, Ferreira DJS, Barros MADV, Nogueira VO, Alves DS, Vidal H, Leandro CG, Lagranha CJ, Pirola L, da Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension is associated to oxidative disruption at transcriptional and functional levels in the medulla oblongata. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1177-1184. [PMID: 27612187 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation predisposes the adult offspring to sympathetic overactivity and arterial hypertension. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, dysregulation of the oxidative balance has been proposed as a putative trigger of neural-induced hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the oxidative status at transcriptional and functional levels in the medulla oblongata and maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension. Wistar rat dams were fed a control (normal protein; 17% protein) or a low protein ((Lp); 8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and male offspring was studied at 90 days of age. Direct measurements of baseline arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in awakened offspring. In addition, quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutamatergic receptors (Grin1, Gria1 and Grm1) and GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein like 1 (Gabarapl1). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, CAT and SOD activities were examined in ventral and dorsal medulla. Lp rats exhibited higher ABP. The mRNA expression levels of SOD2, GPx and Gabarapl1 were down regulated in medullary tissue of Lp rats (P<.05, t test). In addition, we observed that higher MDA levels were associated to decreased SOD (approximately 45%) and CAT (approximately 50%) activities in ventral medulla. Taken together, our data suggest that maternal protein restriction induced-hypertension is associated with medullary oxidative dysfunction at transcriptional level and with impaired antioxidant capacity in the ventral medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L de Brito Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Jéssica M D de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diorginis J S Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Monique A de V Barros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Viviane O Nogueira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Débora S Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - Carol G Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cláudia J Lagranha
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Carmen (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, South Lyon Medical Faculty, Lyon-1 University, Oullins, France
| | - João H da Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
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27
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de Sousa SM, Braz GRF, Freitas CDM, de Santana DF, Sellitti DF, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. Oxidative injuries induced by maternal low-protein diet in female brainstem. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:580-588. [PMID: 28494696 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1325974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that a maternal low-protein diet increases the susceptibility of offspring to cardiovascular disease in later-life. Moreover, a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in females than in males is understood to be largely due to the protective effect of high levels of estrogens throughout a woman's reproductive life. However, to our knowledge, the role of estradiol in moderating the later-life susceptibility of offspring of nutrient-deprived mothers to cardiovascular disease is not fully understood. The present study is aimed at investigating whether oxidative stress in the brainstem caused by a maternal low-protein diet administered during a critical period of fetal/neonatal brain development (i.e during gestation and lactation) is affected by estradiol levels. Female Wistar rat offspring were divided into four groups according to their mothers' diets and to the serum estradiol levels of the offspring at the time of testing: (1) 22 days of age/control diet: (2) 22 days of age/low-protein diet; (3) 122 days of age/control diet: (4) 122 days of age/low-protein diet. Undernutrition in the context of low serum estradiol compared to undernutrition in a higher estradiol context resulted in increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and a reduction in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Total global oxy-score showed oxidative damage in 22-day-old rats whose mothers had received a low-protein diet. In the 122-day-old group, we observed a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, increased enzymatic antioxidant activity, and a positive oxy-score when compared to control. We conclude from these results that following a protein deficiency in the maternal diet during early development of the offspring, estrogens present at high levels at reproductive age may confer resistance to the oxidative damage in the brainstem that is very apparent in pre-pubertal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Maria de Sousa
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Glauber Rudá F Braz
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Moura Freitas
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - David Filipe de Santana
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | | | - Mariana P Fernandes
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco , UFPE 55608-680 , Brazil
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28
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Western diet in the perinatal period promotes dysautonomia in the offspring of adult rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:216-225. [PMID: 27931267 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of a western diet during gestation and lactation on the anthropometry, serum biochemical, blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control on the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother's diet received: control group (C: 18% calories of lipids) and westernized group (W: 32% calories of lipids). After weaning both groups received standard diet. On the 60th day of life, blood samples were collected for the analysis of fasting glucose and lipidogram. Cardiovascular parameters were measured on the same period. Autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The W increased glycemia (123±2 v. 155±2 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (15±1 v. 31±2 mg/dl), triglycerides (49±1 v. 85±2 mg/dl), total cholesterol (75±2 v. 86±2 mg/dl), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (50±4 v. 38±3 mg/dl), as well as increased body mass (209±4 v. 229±6 g) than C. Furthermore, the W showed higher SAP (130±4 v. 157±2 mmHg), HR (357±10 v. 428±14 bpm), sympathetic modulation to vessels (2.3±0.56 v. 6±0.84 mmHg2) and LF/HF ratio (0.15±0.01 v. 0.7±0.2) than C. These findings suggest that a western diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to overweight associated with autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adulthood.
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29
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Costa-Silva JH, Simões-Alves AC, Fernandes MP. Developmental Origins of Cardiometabolic Diseases: Role of the Maternal Diet. Front Physiol 2016; 7:504. [PMID: 27899895 PMCID: PMC5110566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental origins of cardiometabolic diseases have been related to maternal nutritional conditions. In this context, the rising incidence of arterial hypertension, diabetes type II, and dyslipidemia has been attributed to genetic programming. Besides, environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal undernutrition or overnutrition can program changes in the integration among physiological systems leading to cardiometabolic diseases. This phenomenon can be understood in the context of the phenotypic plasticity and refers to the adjustment of a phenotype in response to environmental input without genetic change, following a novel, or unusual input during development. Experimental studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may alter the morphology and physiology that contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. It has been shown that both maternal protein restriction and overnutrition alter the central and peripheral control of arterial pressure and metabolism. This review will address the new concepts on the maternal diet induced-cardiometabolic diseases that include the potential role of the perinatal malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H Costa-Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Aiany C Simões-Alves
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Fernandes
- Departamento de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Pernambuco, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge on the impact of early life nutrition on cardiovascular diseases that have emerged from studies in humans and experimental animal models. The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease will be discussed in relation to the implications for the heart and the cardiovascular system. RECENT FINDINGS Environmental cues, such as parental diet and a suboptimal in utero environment can shape growth and development, causing long-lasting cardiometabolic perturbations. Increasing evidence suggest that these effects are mediated at the epigenomic level, and can be passed onto future generations. In the last decade, epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications) and RNA-based mechanisms (microRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNAs) have therefore emerged as potential candidates for mediating inheritance of cardiometabolic diseases. SUMMARY The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases is believed to arise through interaction between an individual's genetics and the environment. Moreover, the risk of developing poor cardiometabolic health in adulthood is defined by early life exposure to pathological cues and can be inherited by future generations, initiating a vicious cycle of transmission of disease. Elucidating the molecular triggers of such a process will help tackle and prevent the uncontrolled rise in obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Loche
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Ferreira DJS, da Silva Pedroza AA, Braz GRF, da Silva-Filho RC, Lima TA, Fernandes MP, Doi SQ, Lagranha CJ. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status disruption in brainstem of weaned rats: Immediate response to maternal protein restriction. Brain Res 2016; 1642:553-561. [PMID: 27109594 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction has been postulated as an important mechanism associated to a number of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. One of the hypotheses is that this is caused by the metabolic challenge generated by the mismatch between prenatal predicted and postnatal reality. Perinatal low-protein diet produces several effects that are manifested in the adult animal, including altered sympathetic tone, increased arterial blood pressure and oxidative stress in the brainstem. The majority of the studies related to nutritional programming postulates that the increased risk levels for non-communicable diseases are associated with the incompatibility between prenatal and postnatal environment. However, little is known about the immediate effects of maternal protein restriction on the offspring's brainstem. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a maternal low-protein diet causes tissue damage immediately after exposure to the nutritional insult that can be assessed in the brainstem of weaned offspring. In this regard, a series of assays was conducted to measure the mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brainstem, which is the brain structure responsible for the autonomic cardiovascular control. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed ad libitum with normoprotein (NP; 17% casein) or low-protein (LP; 8% casein) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation periods. At weaning, the male offsprings were euthanized and the brainstem was quickly removed to assess the mitochondria function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane electric potential (ΔΨm), oxidative biomarkers, antioxidant defense and redox status. Our data demonstrated that perinatal LP diet induces an immediate mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the protein restriction induced a marked increase in ROS production, with a decrease in antioxidant defense and redox status. Altogether, our findings suggest that LP-fed animals may be at a higher risk for oxidative metabolism impairment throughout life than NP-fed rats, due to the immediate disruption of the mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative status caused by the LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorginis José Soares Ferreira
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolônio da Silva Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ruda Feitoza Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Correia da Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Talitta Arruda Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Sonia Q Doi
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Claudia Jacques Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Brazil.
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Vega CC, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Bautista CJ, Vázquez-Martínez M, Larrea F, Chamorro-Cevallos GA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Resveratrol partially prevents oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in pregnant rats fed a low protein diet and their offspring. J Physiol 2016; 594:1483-99. [PMID: 26662841 DOI: 10.1113/jp271543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction in pregnancy produces maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction potentially as a result of oxidative stress. Data are lacking on the effects of inhibition of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that maternal resveratrol administration decreases oxidative stress, preventing, at least partially, maternal low protein-induced maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction. In the present study, pregnant wistar rats ate control (C) (20% casein) or a protein-restricted (R) (10% casein) isocaloric diet. Half of each group received resveratrol orally, 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1), throughout pregnancy. Post-delivery, mothers and offspring ate C. Oxidative stress biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzymes were measured in placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal serum corticosterone at 19 days of gestation (dG). Maternal (19 dG) and offspring (postnatal day 110) glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, fat and leptin were determined. R mothers showed metabolic dysfunction, increased corticosterone and oxidative stress and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activity vs. C. R placental and fetal liver oxidative stress biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzyme activity increased. R offspring showed higher male and female leptin, insulin and corticosterone, male triglycerides and female fat than C. Resveratrol decreased maternal leptin and improved maternal, fetal and placental oxidative stress markers. R induced offspring insulin and leptin increases were prevented and other R changes were offspring sex-dependent. Resveratrol partially prevents low protein diet-induced maternal, placental and sex-specific offspring oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one mechanism programming offspring metabolic outcomes. These studies provide mechanistic evidence to guide human pregnancy interventions when fetal nutrition is impaired by poor maternal nutrition or placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Vega
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Pharmacy Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magaly Vázquez-Martínez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán A Chamorro-Cevallos
- Pharmacy Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Braz GRF, Pedroza AA, Nogueira VO, de Vasconcelos Barros MA, de Moura Freitas C, de Brito Alves JL, da Silva AI, Costa-Silva JH, Lagranha CJ. Serotonin modulation in neonatal age does not impair cardiovascular physiology in adult female rats: Hemodynamics and oxidative stress analysis. Life Sci 2016; 145:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Braz GRF, Freitas CM, Nascimento L, Pedroza AA, da Silva AI, Lagranha C. Neonatal SSRI exposure improves mitochondrial function and antioxidant defense in rat heart. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:362-9. [PMID: 26939042 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein restriction during prenatal, postnatal, or in both periods has a close relationship with subsequent development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Elevated brain levels of serotonin and its metabolites have been found in malnourished states. The aim in the present study was to investigate whether treatment with fluoxetine (Fx), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, mimics the detrimental effect of low-protein diet during the perinatal period on the male rat heart. Our hypothesis is that increased circulating serotonin as a result of pharmacologic treatment with Fx leads to cardiac dysfunction similar to that observed in protein-restricted rats. Male Wistar rat pups received daily subcutaneous injection of Fx or vehicle from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 21. Male rats were euthanized at 60 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue: mitochondrial respiratory capacity, respiratory control ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. We found that Fx treatment increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity (123%) and membrane potential (212%) and decreased ROS production (55%). In addition we observed an increase in the antioxidant capacity (elevation in catalase activity (5-fold) and glutathione peroxidase (4.6-fold)). Taken together, our results suggest that Fx treatment in the developmental period positively affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant defense in the cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Ruda F Braz
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Freitas
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nascimento
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson A Pedroza
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Costa-Silva JH, de Brito-Alves JL, Barros MADV, Nogueira VO, Paulino-Silva KM, de Oliveira-Lira A, Nobre IG, Fragoso J, Leandro CG. New Insights on the Maternal Diet Induced-Hypertension: Potential Role of the Phenotypic Plasticity and Sympathetic-Respiratory Overactivity. Front Physiol 2015; 6:345. [PMID: 26635631 PMCID: PMC4656835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects worldwide population. Current environment including life style coupled with genetic programming have been attributed to the rising incidence of hypertension. Besides, environmental conditions during perinatal development such as maternal malnutrition can program changes in the integration among renal, neural, and endocrine system leading to hypertension. This phenomenon is termed phenotypic plasticity and refers to the adjustment of a phenotype in response to environmental stimuli without genetic change, following a novel or unusual input during development. Human and animal studies indicate that fetal exposure to an adverse maternal environment may alter the renal morphology and physiology that contribute to the development of hypertension. Recently, it has been shown that the maternal protein restriction alter the central control of SAH by a mechanism that include respiratory dysfunction and enhanced sympathetic-respiratory coupling at early life, which may contribute to adult hypertension. This review will address the new insights on the maternal diet induced-hypertension that include the potential role of the phenotypic plasticity, specifically the perinatal protein malnutrition, and sympathetic-respiratory overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- João H Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - José L de Brito-Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Monique Assis de V Barros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Viviane Oliveira Nogueira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Kássya M Paulino-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Allan de Oliveira-Lira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Isabele G Nobre
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fragoso
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Carol G Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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de Belchior ACS, Freire DD, da Costa CP, Vassallo DV, Padilha AS, Dos Santos L. Maternal protein restriction compromises myocardial contractility in the young adult rat by changing proteins involved in calcium handling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:344-50. [PMID: 26586904 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00246.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the offspring in adulthood. In this study we evaluated the cardiac function of young male rats born from mothers subjected to MPR during pregnancy, focusing on the myocardial mechanics and calcium-handling proteins. After weaning, rats received normal diet until 3 mo old, when the following parameters were assessed: arterial and left ventricular hemodynamics and in vitro cardiac contractility in isolated papillary muscles. The body weight was lower and arterial pressure higher in the MPR group compared with young adult offspring of female rats that received standard diet (controls); and left ventricle time derivatives increased in the MPR group. The force developed by the cardiac muscle was similar; but time to peak and relaxation time were longer, and the derivatives of force were depressed in the MPR. In addition, MPR group exhibited decreased post-pause potentiation of force, suggesting reduced reuptake function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Corroborating, the myocardial content of SERCA-2a and phosphorylated PLB-Ser16/total PLB ratio was decreased and sodium-calcium exchanger was increased in the MPR group. The contraction dependent on transsarcolemmal influx of calcium was higher in MPR if compared with the control group. In summary, young rats born from mothers subjected to protein restriction during pregnancy exhibit changes in the myocardial mechanics with altered expression of calcium-handling proteins, reinforcing the hypothesis that maternal malnutrition is related to increased cardiovascular risk in the offspring, not only for hypertension, but also cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aucelia C S de Belchior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; and
| | - David D Freire
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; and Department of Physiological Sciences, EMESCAM, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Carlos P da Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; and Department of Physiological Sciences, EMESCAM, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; and
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; and
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37
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Silva FC, de Menezes RC, Chianca DA. The implication of protein malnutrition on cardiovascular control systems in rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:246. [PMID: 26388783 PMCID: PMC4557349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The malnutrition in early life is associated with metabolic changes and cardiovascular impairment in adulthood. Deficient protein intake-mediated hypertension has been observed in clinical and experimental studies. In rats, protein malnutrition also increases the blood pressure and enhances heart rate and sympathetic activity. In this review, we discuss the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on the resting mean arterial pressure and heart rate and their variabilities, cardiovascular reflexes sensitivity, cardiac autonomic balance, sympathetic and renin-angiotensin activities and neural plasticity during adult life. These insights reveal an interesting prospect on the autonomic modulation underlying the cardiovascular imbalance and provide relevant information on preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Deoclécio A Chianca
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Ferreira DS, Liu Y, Fernandes MP, Lagranha CJ. Perinatal low-protein diet alters brainstem antioxidant metabolism in adult offspring. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:369-375. [PMID: 26035485 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies in humans and animal models have established a close relationship between early environment insult and subsequent risk of development of non-communicable diseases, including the cardiovascular. Whereas experimental evidences highlight the early undernutrition and the late cardiovascular disease relation, the central mechanisms linking the two remain unknown. Owing to the oxidative balance influence in several pathologies, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition (i.e. a low-protein (LP) diet) on oxidative balance in the brainstem. METHODS AND RESULTS Male rats from mothers fed with an LP diet (8% casein) throughout the perinatal period (i.e. gestation and lactation) showed 10× higher lipid peroxidation levels than animals treated with normoprotein (17% casein) at 100 days of age. In addition, we observed the following reductions in enzymatic activities: superoxide dismutase, 16%; catalase, 30%; glutathione peroxidase, 34%; glutathione-S-transferase, 51%; glutathione reductase, 23%; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 31%; and in non-enzymatic glutathione system, 46%. DISCUSSION This study is the first to focus on the role of maternal LP nutrition in oxidative balance in a central nervous system structure responsible for cardiovascular control in adult rats. Our data observed changes in oxidative balance in the offspring, therefore, bring a new concept related to early undernutrition and can help in the development of a new clinical strategy to combat the effects of nutritional insult. Wherein the central oxidative imbalance is a feasible mechanism underlying the hypertension risk in adulthood triggered by maternal LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorginis Soares Ferreira
- a Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program , Federal University of Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão 50670-901 , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Yuri Liu
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil
| | - Claudia Jacques Lagranha
- a Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program , Federal University of Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão 50670-901 , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science , Federal University of Pernambuco-CAV , Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680 , Brazil
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de Brito Alves JL, Nogueira VO, Cavalcanti Neto MP, Leopoldino AM, Curti C, Colombari DSA, Colombari E, Wanderley AG, Leandro CG, Zoccal DB, Costa-Silva JH. Maternal protein restriction increases respiratory and sympathetic activities and sensitizes peripheral chemoreflex in male rat offspring. J Nutr 2015; 145:907-14. [PMID: 25934662 PMCID: PMC6619683 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal protein restriction in rats increases the risk of adult offspring arterial hypertension through unknown mechanisms. OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy and lactation on baseline sympathetic and respiratory activities and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in the rat offspring. METHODS Wistar rat dams were fed a control [normal-protein (NP); 17% protein] or an LP (8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and their male offspring were studied at 30 d of age. Direct measurements of baseline arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory frequency (Rf) as well as peripheral chemoreflex activation (potassium cyanide: 0.04%) were recorded in pups while they were awake. In addition, recordings of the phrenic nerve (PN) and thoracic sympathetic nerve (tSN) activities were obtained from the in situ preparations. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression was also evaluated in carotid bifurcation through a Western blotting assay. RESULTS At 30 d of age, unanesthetized LP rats exhibited enhanced resting Rf (P = 0.001) and similar ABP and HR compared with the NP rats. Despite their similar baseline ABP values, LP rats exhibited augmented low-frequency variability (∼91%; P = 0.01). In addition, the unanesthetized LP rats showed enhanced pressor (P = 0.01) and tachypnoeic (P = 0.03) responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation. The LP rats displayed elevated baseline tSN activity (∼86%; P = 0.02) and PN burst frequency (45%; P = 0.01) and amplitude (53%; P = 0.001) as well as augmented sympathetic (P = 0.01) and phrenic (P = 0.04) excitatory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation compared with the NP group. Furthermore, LP rats showed an increase of ∼100% in HIF-1α protein density in carotid bifurcation compared with NP rats. CONCLUSION Sympathetic-respiratory overactivity and amplified peripheral chemoreceptor responses, potentially through HIF-1α-dependent mechanisms, precede the onset of hypertension in juvenile rats exposed to protein undernutrition during gestation and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L de Brito Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of
Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Viviane O Nogueira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of
Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo P Cavalcanti Neto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão
Preto, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora SA Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara,
São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara,
São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Almir G Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco,
Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carol G Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of
Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco,
Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - João H Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil;
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