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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mota RI, Morgan SE, Bahnson EM. Diabetic vasculopathy: macro and microvascular injury. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:1-14. [PMID: 32655983 PMCID: PMC7351096 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes is a common and prevalent medical condition as it affects many lives around the globe. Specifically, type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation alongside hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the body, which can result in atherosclerotic legion formation in the arteries and thus progression of related conditions called diabetic vasculopathies. T2D patients are especially at risk for vascular injury; adjunct in many of these patients heir cholesterol and triglyceride levels reach dangerously high levels and accumulate in the lumen of their vascular system. RECENT FINDINGS Microvascular and macrovascular vasculopathies as complications of diabetes can accentuate the onset of organ illnesses, thus it is imperative that research efforts help identify more effective methods for prevention and diagnosis of early vascular injuries. Current research into vasculopathy identification/treatment will aid in the amelioration of diabetes-related symptoms and thus reduce the large number of deaths that this disease accounts annually. SUMMARY This review aims to showcase the evolution and effects of diabetic vasculopathy from development to clinical disease as macrovascular and microvascular complications with a concerted reference to sex-specific disease progression as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto I. Mota
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Samuel E. Morgan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Edward M. Bahnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Tirabassi G, Sudano M, Salvio G, Cutini M, Muscogiuri G, Corona G, Balercia G. Vitamin D and Male Sexual Function: A Transversal and Longitudinal Study. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3720813. [PMID: 29531528 PMCID: PMC5817208 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3720813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of vitamin D on sexual function are very unclear. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the possible association between vitamin D and sexual function and at assessing the influence of vitamin D administration on sexual function. METHODS We retrospectively studied 114 men by evaluating clinical, biochemical, and sexual parameters. A subsample (n = 41) was also studied longitudinally before and after vitamin D replacement therapy. RESULTS In the whole sample, after performing logistic regression models, higher levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were significantly associated with high values of total testosterone and of all the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire parameters. On the other hand, higher levels of total testosterone were positively and significantly associated with high levels of erectile function and IIEF total score. After vitamin D replacement therapy, total and free testosterone increased and erectile function improved, whereas other sexual parameters did not change significantly. At logistic regression analysis, higher levels of vitamin D increase (Δ-) were significantly associated with high values of Δ-erectile function after adjustment for Δ-testosterone. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D is important for the wellness of male sexual function, and vitamin D administration improves sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sudano
- Diabetology and Endocrinology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, Via Comandino 70, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Medical Department, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Zhou J, Wang D, Luo X, Jia X, Li M, Laudon M, Zhang R, Jia Z. Melatonin Receptor Agonist Piromelatine Ameliorates Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Chronically Stressed Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:55-69. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Tirabassi G, Cutini M, Salvio G, Cerqueni G, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Influence of vitamin D levels on the cardiovascular profile of hypogonadal men. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1007-1014. [PMID: 28391585 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A large body of evidence suggests a role for vitamin D in conditioning cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that vitamin D might also play a role in influencing the metabolic profile of hypogonadal men. In this work, we aimed at evaluating if any relationship exists between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular parameters in male hypogonadism. METHODS Hypogonadal patients attending our andrology unit were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS 103 patients were studied (51 non-diabetic and 52 diabetic subjects). Mean age of the whole sample was 65 years (standard error of the mean: 0.62). Significant correlations of age, total testosterone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcemia, and 25-OH vitamin D with the metabolic profile were found. In logistic regression models including age, total testosterone, PTH, calcemia and 25-OH vitamin D as independent variables, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR) 0.910, p 0.019], insulin (OR 0.918, p 0.034), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index (OR 0.918, p 0.030), total cholesterol (OR 0.819, p < 0.001), triglycerides (OR 0.820, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.923, p 0.034). In non-diabetic subjects, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of BMI, insulin, HOMA, triglycerides, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. On the other hand, in diabetic subjects, lower levels of 25-OH vitamin D were associated with high values of total cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows the influence of vitamin D on cardiovascular profile in male hypogonadism. This effect seems to be more relevant in non-diabetic subjects. If these data were to be confirmed, vitamin D assessment might become mandatory in the clinical evaluation of cardiovascular profile in male hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tirabassi
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Cutini
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Salvio
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Cerqueni
- Istology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Andrology, Pathophysiology of Reproduction and Endocrine Diagnosis Unit, Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - G Balercia
- Andrology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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Neu-P11, a novel MT1/MT2 agonist, reverses diabetes by suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:225-233. [PMID: 28687198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reduces insulin sensitivity, impairs β-cell function, increases gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, impairs glucose uptake and metabolism, and reduces the insulinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1. Melatonin, which serves as a physiological regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, has been suggested to have anti-diabetic effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the MT1/MT2 melatonin agonist Neu-P11 on glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats induced by a high fat diet combined with low doses of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were intragastrically administered melatonin (20mg/kg), Neu-P11 (20, 10, 5mg/kg), or a vehicle for 4 weeks. The results showed that the increased food intake, water consumption, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in T2DM rats were all improved by Neu-P11 treatment. Neu-P11 increased GC receptor expression and suppressed 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 activity in the hippocampus by enhancing GC sensitivity and HPA feedback, thus decreasing the high GC levels. Transcript levels of the glucose metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glucose transporter type-4, and adiponectin in adipose tissue were significantly increased after Neu-P11 treatment, while leptin mRNA was significantly decreased. Furthermore, MT1 and MT2 protein levels were enhanced by Neu-P11. These data suggest that normalization of the hyperactivated HPA axis by melatonin and Neu-P11 in T2DM regulates metabolic profiles and insulin sensitivity, which may attenuate insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Because Neu-P11 has superior pharmacokinetics and a longer half-life than melatonin, it might be beneficial in treating obesity and T2DM.
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Tirabassi G, Cutini M, Beltrami B, Delli Muti N, Lenzi A, Balercia G. Androgen receptor GGC repeat might be more involved than CAG repeat in the regulation of the metabolic profile in men. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:1067-1075. [PMID: 27251588 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-016-1479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of androgen receptor (AR) GGC repeat polymorphism on the metabolic profile of men has been much less studied than the one of CAG tract polymorphism. Therefore, in this study, we looked for the association of GGC and CAG tract with cardiovascular risk factors in men. Ninety-eight men followed by our andrological unit were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and biochemical parameters on cardiovascular risk were considered. AR CAG and GGC polymorphisms were studied. GGC triplets were found to be positively and significantly correlated with several cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, inverse and significant correlations of CAG triplets were found with insulin and HOMA. As expected, age was positively correlated with cardiovascular risk, whereas total testosterone was inversely correlated with metabolic profile. Estradiol was not found to be correlated with any of the metabolic parameters. In the total sample, multivariate linear regression analysis confirms the positive and independent association of GGC triplets with glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA), whereas CAG repeat length is negatively associated with insulin and HOMA. Such associations are also substantially confirmed in non-diabetic subjects, whereas in diabetic patients only the GGC tract seems to be involved in the metabolic profile regulation. Our work shows a relevant role for GGC repeat tract in conditioning male cardiovascular risk, thus rendering necessary a deeper analysis on the role of GGC polymorphism both from the molecular and the clinical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Melissa Cutini
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Beltrami
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Delli Muti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Andrology, Pathophysiology of Reproduction and Endocrine Diagnosis Unit, Policlinic Umberto I, University of Rome ''La Sapienza'', Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Via Conca 71, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
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Schorr-Lenz AM, Alves J, Henckes NAC, Seibel PM, Benham AM, Bustamante-Filho IC. GnRH immunization alters the expression and distribution of protein disulfide isomerases in the epididymis. Andrology 2016; 4:957-63. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Schorr-Lenz
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Univates; Lajeado RS Brazil
| | - J. Alves
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Univates; Lajeado RS Brazil
| | - N. A. C. Henckes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Univates; Lajeado RS Brazil
| | - P. M. Seibel
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Univates; Lajeado RS Brazil
| | - A. M. Benham
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
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Tirabassi G, Corona G, Falzetti S, delli Muti N, Maggi M, Balercia G. Influence of Androgen Receptor Gene CAG and GGC Polymorphisms on Male Sexual Function: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:5083569. [PMID: 28243253 PMCID: PMC5274699 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5083569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. No study has assessed the possible involvement of GGC androgen receptor (AR) polymorphism in sexual function. Our aim is to evaluate the association between CAG and GGC AR polymorphisms in this function. Methods. We retrospectively examined eighty-five outpatients. Clinical, biochemical, and genetic parameters were considered. Sexual assessment was performed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) which evaluates erectile function (EF), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), and overall satisfaction (OS). Results. In the whole sample, CAG repeats were inversely correlated with EF, OF, and total IIEF-15 score, whereas GGC tracts did not show any significant correlation with sexual function. CAG relationship with IIEF items retained significance only in the eugonadal but not in the hypogonadal cohort. On the other hand, GGC tracts were not found to be significantly correlated with IIEF variables in either eugonadal or hypogonadal subjects. In eugonadal subjects, logistic regression pointed out that a higher number of CAG triplets were associated with lower values of EF, OF, SD, OS, and total IIEF independently from other confounders. Conclusions. GGC polymorphism seems not to exert any influence on sexual function, whereas CAG polymorphism appears to affect sexual parameters only in eugonadal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda-Usl Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Falzetti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola delli Muti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- *Giancarlo Balercia:
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Martin JM, Miranda RA, Barella LF, Palma-Rigo K, Alves VS, Fabricio GS, Pavanello A, Franco CCDS, Ribeiro TA, Visentainer JV, Banafé EG, Martin CA, Mathias PCDF, de Oliveira JC. Maternal Diet Supplementation with n-6/n-3 Essential Fatty Acids in a 1.2 : 1.0 Ratio Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction in MSG-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:9242319. [PMID: 28050167 PMCID: PMC5165167 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9242319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) prevent cardiometabolic diseases. We aimed to study whether a diet supplemented with a mixture of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, during perinatal life, attenuates outcomes of long-term metabolic dysfunction in prediabetic and obese mice. Seventy-day-old virgin female mice were mated. From the conception day, dams were fed a diet supplemented with sunflower oil and flaxseed powder (containing an n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio of 1.2 : 1.0) throughout pregnancy and lactation, while control dams received a commercial diet. Newborn mice were treated with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG, 4 mg g-1 body weight per day) for the first 5 days of age. A batch of weaned pups was sacrificed to quantify the brain and pancreas total lipids; another batch were fed a commercial diet until 90 days of age, where glucose homeostasis and glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) as well as retroperitoneal fat and Lee index were assessed. MSG-treated mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, pancreatic islet dysfunction, and higher fat stores. Maternal flaxseed diet-supplementation decreased n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio in the brain and pancreas and blocked glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, GIIS impairment, and obesity development. The n-6/n-3 essential PUFAs in a ratio of 1.2 : 1.0 supplemented in maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation prevent metabolic dysfunction in MSG-obesity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Morais Martin
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sergio Fabricio
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil
- *Júlio Cezar de Oliveira:
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