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Pavlova I, Ruda-Kucerova J. Brain metabolic derangements examined using 1H MRS and their (in)consistency among different rodent models of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110808. [PMID: 37301420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is underlined by neurochemical changes in the brain. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is a useful tool for their examination as it provides information about the levels of metabolites. This review summarises the current knowledge of 1H MRS findings from rodent models of MDD, assesses the results from both a biological and a technical perspective, and identifies the main sources of bias. From a technical point of view, bias-introducing factors are the diversity of the measured volumes and their positioning in the brain, the data processing, and the metabolite concentration expression. The biological variables are strain, sex, and species, as well as the model itself, and in vivo vs. ex vivo exploration. This review identified some consistency in the 1H MRS findings in the models of MDD: lower levels of glutamine, glutamate + glutamine, and higher levels of myo-inositol and taurine in most of the brain regions of MDD models. This may suggest changes in regional metabolism, neuronal dysregulation, inflammation, and a compensatory effect reaction in the MDD rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Pavlova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Ruda-Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Starčuková J, Stefan D, Graveron-Demilly D. Quantification of short echo time MRS signals with improved version of QUantitation based on quantum ESTimation algorithm. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e5008. [PMID: 37539457 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers information about metabolite changes in the organism, which can be used in diagnosis. While short echo time proton spectra exhibit more distinguishable metabolites compared with proton spectra acquired with long echo times, their quantification (and providing estimates of metabolite concentrations) is more challenging. They are hampered by a background signal, which originates mainly from macromolecules (MM) and mobile lipids. An improved version of the quantification algorithm QUantitation based on quantum ESTimation (QUEST), with MM prior knowledge (QUEST-MM), dedicated to proton signals and invoking appropriate prior knowledge on MM, is proposed and tested. From a single acquisition, it enables better metabolite quantification, automatic estimation of the background, and additional automatic quantification of MM components, thus improving its applicability in the clinic. The proposed algorithm may facilitate studies that involve patients with pathological MM in the brain. QUEST-MM and three QUEST-based strategies for quantifying short echo time signals are compared in terms of bias-variance trade-off and Cramér-Rao lower bound estimates. The performances of the methods are evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo studies. In particular, the histograms of the metabolite and MM amplitude distributions demonstrate the performances of the estimators. They showed that QUEST-MM works better than QUEST (Subtract approach) and is a good alternative to QUEST when measured MM signal is unavailable or unsuitable. Quantification with QUEST-MM is shown for 1 H in vivo rat brain signals obtained with the SPECIAL pulse sequence at 9.4 T, and human brain signals obtained, respectively, with STEAM at 4 T and PRESS at 3 T. QUEST-MM is implemented in jMRUI and will be available for public use from version 7.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Starčuková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Danielle Graveron-Demilly
- D1Si, Saint André de Corcy, France
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, INSERM U1294, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Hazari PP, Yadav SK, Kumar PK, Dhingra V, Rani N, Kumar R, Singh B, Mishra AK. Preclinical and Clinical Use of Indigenously Developed 99mTc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid-Bis-Methionine: l-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1-Targeted Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Radiotracer for Glioma Management. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1233-1247. [PMID: 37705592 PMCID: PMC10496141 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A new era in tumor classification, diagnosis, and prognostic evaluation has begun as a consequence of recent developments in the molecular and genetic characterization of central nervous system tumors. In this newly emerging era, molecular imaging modalities are essential for preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, targeted treatment, and post-therapy evaluation of gliomas. The radiotracers are able to identify brain tumors, distinguish between low- and high-grade lesions, confirm a patient's eligibility for theranostics, and assess post-radiation alterations. We previously synthesized and reported the novel l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1)-targeted amino acid derivative in light of the use of amino acid derivatives in imaging technologies. Further, we have developed a single vial ready to label Tc-lyophilized kit preparations of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-bis-methionine [DTPA-bis(Met)], also referred to as methionine-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-methionine (MDM) and evaluated its imaging potential in numerous clinical studies. This review summarizes our previous publications on 99mTc-DTPA-bis(Met) in different clinical studies such as detection of breast cancer, as a prognostic marker, in detection of recurrent/residual gliomas, for differentiation of recurrent/residual gliomas from radiation necrosis, and for comparison of 99mTc-DTPA-bis(Met) with 11C-L-methionine (11C-MET), with relevant literature on imaging modalities in glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division
of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi- 110054, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Yadav
- Division
of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi- 110054, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar Kumar
- Department
of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore-560029, India
| | - Vandana Dhingra
- All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh-249203, India
| | - Nisha Rani
- Division
of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 300, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi-110029, India
| | - Baljinder Singh
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute
of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India
| | - Anil K. Mishra
- Division
of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi- 110054, India
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4
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Bakhshi S, Tehrani-Doost M, Batouli SAH. Fronto-Cerebellar Neurometabolite Alterations After Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:410-422. [PMID: 36635897 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221146238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fronto-cerebellar circuit is involved in ADHD pathophysiology. Methylphenidate, as a first-line medication for ADHD, affects different brain regions, however, its effect on the fronto-cerebellar circuit is not investigated sufficiently. We aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week treatment with methylphenidate on neurometabolite ratios in the fronto-cerebellar circuit in ADHD participants using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS Fifteen drug-naïve ADHD children and adolescents were enrolled in the present study. Two single-voxel MR spectra were acquired from the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left Crus 1, before and after the medication. Also, neuropsychological and behavioral assessments were administered. RESULTS After medication, the glutamate/creatine in the DLPFC and the choline/creatine in the Crus 1 decreased in the ADHD participants. CONCLUSION These findings propose that methylphenidate-induced metabolite changes in the fronto-cerebellar circuit could be associated with improvement in cognitive/behavioral characteristics in ADHD. Also, results highlighted cerebellar engagement in ADHD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Bakhshi
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tehrani-Doost
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Zhu M, Li S, Kuang Y, Hill VB, Heimberger AB, Zhai L, Zhai S. Artificial intelligence in the radiomic analysis of glioblastomas: A review, taxonomy, and perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924245. [PMID: 35982952 PMCID: PMC9379255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), are the standard-of-care non-invasive diagnostic approaches widely applied in neuro-oncology. Unfortunately, accurate interpretation of radiological imaging data is constantly challenged by the indistinguishable radiological image features shared by different pathological changes associated with tumor progression and/or various therapeutic interventions. In recent years, machine learning (ML)-based artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been widely applied in medical image processing and bioinformatics due to its advantages in implicit image feature extraction and integrative data analysis. Despite its recent rapid development, ML technology still faces many hurdles for its broader applications in neuro-oncological radiomic analysis, such as lack of large accessible standardized real patient radiomic brain tumor data of all kinds and reliable predictions on tumor response upon various treatments. Therefore, understanding ML-based AI technologies is critically important to help us address the skyrocketing demands of neuro-oncology clinical deployments. Here, we provide an overview on the latest advancements in ML techniques for brain tumor radiomic analysis, emphasizing proprietary and public dataset preparation and state-of-the-art ML models for brain tumor diagnosis, classifications (e.g., primary and secondary tumors), discriminations between treatment effects (pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis) and true progression, survival prediction, inflammation, and identification of brain tumor biomarkers. We also compare the key features of ML models in the realm of neuroradiology with ML models employed in other medical imaging fields and discuss open research challenges and directions for future work in this nascent precision medicine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sijia Li
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Yu Kuang
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Health Physics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Virginia B. Hill
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Lijie Zhai, ; Shengjie Zhai,
| | - Shengjie Zhai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- *Correspondence: Lijie Zhai, ; Shengjie Zhai,
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Vints WAJ, Kušleikiene S, Sheoran S, Šarkinaite M, Valatkevičiene K, Gleizniene R, Kvedaras M, Pukenas K, Himmelreich U, Cesnaitiene VJ, Levin O, Verbunt J, Masiulis N. Inflammatory Blood Biomarker Kynurenine Is Linked With Elevated Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Older Adults: Evidence From Two 1H-MRS Post-Processing Analysis Methods. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:859772. [PMID: 35479493 PMCID: PMC9035828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Pro-inflammatory processes have been argued to play a role in conditions associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, like aging and obesity. Only a limited number of studies have tried to measure both peripheral and central biomarkers of inflammation and examined their interrelationship. The primary aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that chronic peripheral inflammation would be associated with neurometabolic changes that indicate neuroinflammation (the combined elevation of myoinositol and choline), brain gray matter volume decrease, and lower cognitive functioning in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four older adults underwent bio-impedance body composition analysis, cognitive testing with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), blood serum analysis of inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and kynurenine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the brain. Neurometabolic findings from both Tarquin and LCModel 1H-MRS post-processing software packages were compared. The regions of interest for MRI and 1H-MRS measurements were dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (DPCC), left hippocampal cortex (HPC), left medial temporal cortex (MTC), left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). RESULTS Elevated serum kynurenine levels were associated with signs of neuroinflammation, specifically in the DPCC, left SM1 and right DLPFC, and signs of neurodegeneration, specifically in the left HPC, left MTC and left SM1, after adjusting for age, sex and fat percentage (fat%). Elevated serum IL-6 levels were associated with increased Glx levels in left HPC, left MTC, and right DLPFC, after processing the 1H-MRS data with Tarquin. Overall, the agreement between Tarquin and LCModel results was moderate-to-strong for tNAA, tCho, mIns, and tCr, but weak to very weak for Glx. Peripheral inflammatory markers (IL-6 and kynurenine) were not associated with older age, higher fat%, decreased brain gray matter volume loss or decreased cognitive functioning within a cohort of older adults. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that serum kynurenine may be used as a peripheral inflammatory marker that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, although not linked to cognition. Future studies should consider longitudinal analysis to assess the causal inferences between chronic peripheral and neuroinflammation, brain structural and neurometabolic changes, and cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School Caphri, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, Hoensbroek, Netherlands
| | - Simona Kušleikiene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Samrat Sheoran
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Šarkinaite
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Valatkevičiene
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rymante Gleizniene
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Kvedaras
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Pukenas
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Group Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vida J Cesnaitiene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oron Levin
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeanine Verbunt
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School Caphri, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Zorggroep, Hoensbroek, Netherlands
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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7
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Prescot A, Huber R, Kanekar S, Kondo D, Prisciandaro J, Ongur D, Renshaw PF. Effect of moderate altitude on human cerebral metabolite levels: A preliminary, multi-site, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 314:111314. [PMID: 34098247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that altitude-of-residence is an independent risk factor for worsening rates of mood disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in rodent models of moderate-to-high altitude exposure have documented significant alterations in total creatine, glutamate, and myo-inositol, neurometabolites involved in bioenergetic homeostasis and neuronal/glial cell function. This preliminary study utilized 3 Tesla 1H MRS to study anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parietal-occipital cortex (POC) neurochemistry in healthy subjects residing in Utah (n = 19), Massachusetts (n = 10), and South Carolina (n = 10), to test the hypothesis that individuals residing at moderate altitude (Utah; 1,372 m) would show neurometabolite alterations vs. subjects living at sea level. Expressed as ratios to total N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Utah participants showed lower ACC (p = 0.03) and POC (p < 0.01) total creatine, a trend towards lower ACC glutamate (p = 0.06), and lower POC myo-inositol (p = 0.02). Study limitations include small sample sizes and uncorrected multiple comparisons. To our knowledge, this is the first MRS investigation to identify potential neurochemical differences in individuals residing at moderate altitudes vs. sea level, warranting future 1H MRS studies in larger cohorts and across a range of altitudes-of-residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Rebekah Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Shami Kanekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Douglas Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Dost Ongur
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), George E. Whalen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Thoman ME, McKarns SC. Metabolomic Profiling in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Biomarker Discovery. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090374. [PMID: 32961928 PMCID: PMC7570337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no specific test for diagnosing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Instead, diagnosis relies on ruling out other related disorders with overlapping clinical symptoms. An urgency for NMOSD biomarker discovery is underscored by adverse responses to treatment following misdiagnosis and poor prognosis following the delayed onset of treatment. Pathogenic autoantibiotics that target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) contribute to NMOSD pathology. The importance of early diagnosis between AQP4-Ab+ NMOSD, MOG-Ab+ NMOSD, AQP4-Ab− MOG-Ab− NMOSD, and related disorders cannot be overemphasized. Here, we provide a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the currently known metabolomic perturbations and related proteomic outcomes of NMOSD. We highlight short chain fatty acids, lipoproteins, amino acids, and lactate as candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Although the application of metabolomic profiling to individual NMOSD patient care shows promise, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxton E. Thoman
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Laboratory of TGF-β Biology, Epigenetics, and Cytokine Regulation, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Susan C. McKarns
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Laboratory of TGF-β Biology, Epigenetics, and Cytokine Regulation, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yoo CH, Baek HM, Song KH, Woo DC, Choe BY. An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study with optimized echo-time technique for concurrent quantification and T2 measurement targeting glutamate in the rat brain. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 33:735-746. [PMID: 32246286 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study applied in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) to concurrently measure the concentration and T2 relaxation time of glutamate with the concept of optimized-for-quantification-and-T2-measurement-of-glutamate (OpQT2-Glu). MATERIALS AND METHODS 7T MRS scans of the OpQT2-Glu were acquired from the prefrontal cortex of five rats. The echo-time-(TE)-specific J-modulation of glutamate was investigated by spectral simulations and analyses for selecting the eight TEs appropriate for T2 estimation of glutamate. The OpQT2-Glu results were compared to those of the typical short-TE MRS and T2 measurements. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the OpQT2-Glu and typical short-TE MRS (p > 0.050). The estimated glutamate T2 (67.75 ms) of the OpQT2-Glu was similar to the multiple TE MRS for the T2 measurement (71.58 ms) with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and reliability. DISCUSSION The results revealed that the quantification reliability of the OpQT2-Glu was comparable to that of the single short-TE MRS and its estimation reliability for the T2 relaxation time of glutamate was enhanced compared to the multiple TE MRS for T2 measurement. Despite certain limitations, the quantification and T2 estimation of glutamate can be concurrently performed within an acceptable scan time via high-field in vivo 1H MRS with the OpQT2-Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-Daero Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Song
- Biomedical MR Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Choe
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-Daero Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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10
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N-Acetyl-Aspartate in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Long After Concussion in Youth. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 35:E127-E135. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Jawad M, Evers M, Gerwing A, Herick M, Seibert D, Bauer J, Kugel H, Ohrmann P, Linsen L. A Visual Analytics Approach for Comparing Cohorts in Single-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1138:115-136. [PMID: 31313262 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14227-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive in-vivo technology to measure metabolic concentrations in selected regions of interest in a tissue, e.g., the brain. 1H-MRS generates spectra of signals with different frequencies and specific intensities which can be assigned to respective metabolites in the investigated tissue and quantified. In studies designed to detect biomarkers of a specific disorder or dysfunction, the overall goal is not just to analyze a single 1H-MRS data set, but to compare patient cohorts against healthy controls. We propose a visual analytics tool for the comparative analyses of cohorts, i.e., sets of data sets. Each data set can be regarded as a multivariate data sample, in which each variable represents the concentration of a metabolite. While a standard workflow for comparative analyses of two cohorts is routinely deployed by analyzing metabolites individually, our tool allows for comparative cohort analysis in a multivariate setting. Our top-down analysis strategy uses multidimensional data visualization methods combined with statistical plots and statistical analyses. We document and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach for the interactive analysis of metabolite concentrations in three brain regions for a comparative study of an alcohol-dependent patient cohort and a healthy control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Evers
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerwing
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Herick
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Seibert
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Linsen
- Institute of Computer Science, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Wagoner AL, Olson JD, Westwood BM, Fortunato JE, Diz DI, Shaltout HA. Children with orthostatic intolerance exhibit elevated markers of inflammation in the dorsal medulla. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H323-H329. [PMID: 31225987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00680.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Children with orthostatic intolerance (OI) have exaggerated decreases in heart rate variability (HRV) and suppression of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) with standing. Accompanying brain transmitter and metabolite profiles are unknown. In this study, we used proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantify markers of neuronal and glial integrity in a pilot study of children with OI compared with asymptomatic controls. Eighteen participants ages 10-18 yr were evaluated for blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and calculated indexes of autonomic function in supine and upright positions and, within an average of 2 wk, underwent 1H-MRS scans of dorsal medulla on a clinical 3T magnet while supine. As a result, of the 18 participants, 11 tested positive for OI and 7 did not. OI subjects exhibited higher HR and lower HRV and high-frequency α-index (HFα), an index of parasympathetic vagal tone, during standing compared with non-OI. HRV, sequence all (Seq All), high- and low-frequency (HFα and LFα) estimates of the spontaneous BRS decreased significantly, while BP variabilty increased significantly during standing only in subjects with OI. OI subjects had higher myoinositol (mIns) and total choline (tCho), markers of glial inflammation. Upright HFα and Seq All inversely correlated to supine tCho and mIns, respectively, independent of age and sex. In conclusions, in this pilot study, children with OI exhibit higher mIns and tCho in the dorsal medulla while supine that may reflect the well-established impairment in regulation of the autonomic nervous system upon standing. Neuroinflammation as an underlying cause or consequence of autonomic dysfunction is an intriguing possibility requiring further study.NEW & NOTEWORTHY (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected elevated markers of neuroinflammation in the dorsal medulla in children with impaired autonomic responses to head upright tilt. This first report of altered brain metabolites in this population provides a basis for future clinical studies using this methodology to aide in understanding complex autonomic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Wagoner
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John D Olson
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian M Westwood
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John E Fortunato
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debra I Diz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hossam A Shaltout
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Diurnal stability and long-term repeatability of neurometabolites using single voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur J Radiol 2018; 108:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Oriolo G, Egmond E, Mariño Z, Cavero M, Navines R, Zamarrenho L, Solà R, Pujol J, Bargallo N, Forns X, Martin-Santos R. Systematic review with meta-analysis: neuroimaging in hepatitis C chronic infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018. [PMID: 29536563 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C is considered a systemic disease because of extra-hepatic manifestations. Neuroimaging has been employed in hepatitis C virus-infected patients to find in vivo evidence of central nervous system alterations. AIMS Systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging research in chronic hepatitis C treatment naive patients, or patients previously treated without sustained viral response, to study structural and functional brain impact of hepatitis C. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines a database search was conducted from inception up until 1 May 2017 for peer-reviewed studies on structural or functional neuroimaging assessment of chronic hepatitis C patients without cirrhosis or encephalopathy, with control group. Meta-analyses were performed when possible. RESULTS The final sample comprised 25 studies (magnetic resonance spectroscopy [N = 12], perfusion weighted imaging [N = 1], positron emission tomography [N = 3], single-photon emission computed tomography [N = 4], functional connectivity in resting state [N = 1], diffusion tensor imaging [N = 2] and structural magnetic resonance imaging [N = 2]). The whole sample was of 509 chronic hepatitis C patients, with an average age of 41.5 years old and mild liver disease. A meta-analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed increased levels of choline/creatine ratio (mean difference [MD] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.18), creatine (MD 0.85, 95% CI 0.42-1.27) and glutamate plus glutamine (MD 1.67, 95% CI 0.39-2.96) in basal ganglia and increased levels of choline/creatine ratio in centrum semiovale white matter (MD 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.19) in chronic hepatitis C patients compared with healthy controls. Photon emission tomography studies meta-analyses did not find significant differences in PK11195 binding potential in cortical and subcortical regions of chronic hepatitis C patients compared with controls. Correlations were observed between various neuroimaging alterations and neurocognitive impairment, fatigue and depressive symptoms in some studies. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic hepatitis C exhibit cerebral metabolite alterations and structural or functional neuroimaging abnormalities, which sustain the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus involvement in brain disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oriolo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Arthur Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Egmond
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Arthur Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Z Mariño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cavero
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Arthur Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Navines
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Arthur Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Zamarrenho
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - R Solà
- Liver Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Bargallo
- Center of Diagnostic Image (CDIC), Hospital Clinic, Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Forns
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Arthur Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
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15
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Investigating the metabolic alterations in a depressive-like rat model of chronic forced swim stress: An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7T. Neurochem Int 2018. [PMID: 29530754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although recent investigations of major depressive disorder (MDD) have focused on the monoaminergic system, accumulating evidences suggest that alternative pathophysiological models of MDD and treatment options for patients with MDD are needed. Animals subjected to chronic forced swim stress (CFSS) develop behavioral despair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of CFSS on systems other than the monoamine system in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) with 7T and short-echo-time (16.3 ms) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Ten male Wistar rats underwent 14 days of CFSS, and in vivo1H MRS and forced swim tests were performed before and after CFSS. Point-resolved spectroscopy was used to quantify metabolite levels in the rat PFC. To investigate spectral overlap in glutamate and glutamine, spectral analyses in the spectra obtained in the in vivo1H MRS, parametrically matched spectral simulation, and in vitro experiments were performed. The results of the spectral analyses showed that the glutamate/glutamine spectral overlap was not critical, which suggested that in vivo1H MRS can be used to reliably assess the glutamate system. The rats showed significantly increased immobility times and decreased climbing times in the FST after CFSS, which suggested that the rats developed behavioral despair. The pre-CFSS and post-CFSS glutamate and glutamine levels did not significantly differ (p > 0.050). The levels of myo-inositol, total choline, and N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol/creatine, and total choline/creatine increased significantly (p < 0.050). Similar findings have been reported in patients with MDD. Taken together, these results suggest that the CFSS-induced metabolic alterations were similar to those found in patients and that high-field and short-echo-time in vivo1H MRS can be used to investigate depression-induced metabolic alterations. Such investigations might provide alternative insights into the nonmonoaminergic pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
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16
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Prescot A, Sheth C, Legarreta M, Renshaw PF, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D. Altered Cortical GABA in Female Veterans with Suicidal Behavior: Sex Differences and Clinical Correlates. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2018; 2:2470547018768771. [PMID: 29756082 PMCID: PMC5947869 DOI: 10.1177/2470547018768771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a public health concern in the civilian and veteran populations. Stressful life events are precipitating factors for suicide. The neurochemical underpinnings of the association between stress/trauma and suicide risk are unclear, especially in regards to sex differences. We hypothesized that gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter may be a neurochemical candidate that is critical in the association between stress and suicide risk in veterans. Methods Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) at 3.0 Tesla was used to measure in vivo neurochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; predominantly the dorsal ACC) of 81 veterans (16 females), including 57 (11 females) who endorsed past suicidal ideation (SI) and/or suicide attempt (SA) and 24 (5 females) with no history of SI and/or SA. Suicidal behavior (SB) was defined as the presence of SI and/or SA. Results We observed no significant differences in GABA/ Creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr) between veterans with SB (SB+) and without SB (SB-). However, the female SB+ group showed significantly reduced GABA/Cr+PCr vs. the female SB- group. We observed a trend-level significant negative correlation between GABA/Cr+PCr and the defensive avoidance (DA) subscale on the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) in the SB+ group. In contrast, the SB- group exhibited a positive relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, we found significant negative correlations between GABA/Cr+PCr and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores as well as between GABA/Cr+PCr and several subscales of the TSI in female veterans. Conclusions This study suggests that reduced GABA/Cr+ PCr ratio in the ACC, which may be related to altered inhibitory capacity, may underlie suicide risk in female veterans. Further, the negative association between GABA/Cr+PCr and stress symptomatology and depression scores suggests that MRS studies may shed light on intermediate phenotypes of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Prescot
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret Legarreta
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical
Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical
Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical
Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical
Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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van Erp S, Ercan E, Breedveld P, Brakenhoff L, Ghariq E, Schmid S, Osch MV, van Buchem M, Emmer B, van der Grond J, Wolterbeek R, Hommes D, Fidder H, van der Wee N, Huizinga T, van der Heijde D, Middelkoop H, Ronen I, van der Meulen-de Jong A. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in quiescent Crohn’s disease patients with fatigue. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1018-1029. [PMID: 28246475 PMCID: PMC5311090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i6.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM
To evaluate brain involvement in quiescent Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with fatigue using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS
Multiple MRI techniques were used to assess cerebral changes in 20 quiescent CD patients with fatigue (defined with at least 6 points out of an 11-point numeric rating scale compared with 17 healthy age and gender matched controls without fatigue. Furthermore, mental status was assessed by cognitive functioning, based on the neuropsychological inventory including the different domains global cognitive functioning, memory and executive functioning and in addition mood and quality of life scores. Cognitive functioning and mood status were correlated with MRI findings in the both study groups.
RESULTS
Reduced glutamate + glutamine (Glx = Glu + Gln) concentrations (P = 0.02) and ratios to total creatine (P = 0.02) were found in CD patients compared with controls. Significant increased Cerebral Blood Flow (P = 0.05) was found in CD patients (53.08 ± 6.14 mL/100 g/min) compared with controls (47.60 ± 8.62 mL/100 g/min). CD patients encountered significantly more depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). Cognitive functioning scores related to memory (P = 0.007) and executive functioning (P = 0.02) were lower in CD patients and both scores showed correlation with depression and anxiety. No correlation was found subcortical volumes between CD patients and controls in the T1-weighted analysis. In addition, no correlation was found between mental status and MRI findings.
CONCLUSION
This work shows evidence for perfusion, neurochemical and mental differences in the brain of CD patients with fatigue compared with healthy controls.
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18
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Parto Dezfouli MA, Parto Dezfouli M, Ahmadian A, Frangi AF, Esmaeili Rad M, Saligheh Rad H. Quantification of 1 H-MRS signals based on sparse metabolite profiles in the time-frequency domain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3675. [PMID: 28052436 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MRS is an analytical approach used for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of human body metabolites. The accurate and robust quantification capability of proton MRS (1 H-MRS) enables the accurate estimation of living tissue metabolite concentrations. However, such methods can be efficiently employed for quantification of metabolite concentrations only if the overlapping nature of metabolites, existing static field inhomogeneity and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are taken into consideration. Representation of 1 H-MRS signals in the time-frequency domain enables us to handle the baseline and noise better. This is possible because the MRS signal of each metabolite is sparsely represented, with only a few peaks, in the frequency domain, but still along with specific time-domain features such as distinct decay constant associated with T2 relaxation rate. The baseline, however, has a smooth behavior in the frequency domain. In this study, we proposed a quantification method using continuous wavelet transformation of 1 H-MRS signals in combination with sparse representation of features in the time-frequency domain. Estimation of the sparse representations of MR spectra is performed according to the dictionaries constructed from metabolite profiles. Results on simulated and phantom data show that the proposed method is able to quantify the concentration of metabolites in 1 H-MRS signals with high accuracy and robustness. This is achieved for both low SNR (5 dB) and low signal-to-baseline ratio (-5 dB) regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Parto Dezfouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- CISTIB Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Melika Esmaeili Rad
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Huang Q, Shen Z, Wu R. Evaluation of neuron-glia integrity by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:563-577. [PMID: 27702600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been widely applied in human studies. There is now a large literature describing findings of brain MRS studies with mental disorder patients including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. However, the findings are mixed and cannot be reconciled by any of the existing interpretations. Here we proposed the new theory of neuron-glia integrity to explain the findings of brain 1H-MRS stuies. It proposed the neurochemical correlates of neuron-astrocyte integrity and axon-myelin integrity on the basis of update of neurobiological knowledge about neuron-glia communication and of experimental MRS evidence for impairments in neuron-glia integrity from the authors and the other investigators. Following the neuron-glia integrity theories, this review collected evidence showing that glutamate/glutamine change is a good marker for impaired neuron-astrocyte integrity and that changes in N-acetylaspartate and lipid precursors reflect impaired myelination. Moreover, this new theory enables us to explain the differences between MRS findings in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China.
| | - Handi Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
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20
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Jacob RM, Mudd AT, Alexander LS, Lai CS, Dilger RN. Comparison of Brain Development in Sow-Reared and Artificially Reared Piglets. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:95. [PMID: 27672632 PMCID: PMC5018487 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Provision of adequate nutrients is critical for proper growth and development of the neonate, yet the impact of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on neural maturation has to be fully determined. Using the piglet as a model for the human infant, our objective was to compare neurodevelopment of piglets that were either sow-reared (SR) or artificially reared (AR) in an artificial setting. METHODS Over a 25-day feeding study, piglets (1.5 ± 0.2 kg initial bodyweight) were either SR (n = 10) with ad libitum intake or AR (n = 29) receiving an infant formula modified to mimic the nutritional profile and intake pattern of sow's milk. At study conclusion, piglets were subjected to a standardized set of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to quantify structure and composition of the brain. RESULTS Diffusion tensor imaging, an MRI sequence that characterizes brain microstructure, revealed that SR piglets had greater (P < 0.05) average white matter (WM) (generated from a piglet specific brain atlas) fractional anisotropy (FA), and lower (P < 0.05) mean and radial and axial diffusivity values compared with AR piglets, suggesting differences in WM organization. Voxel-based morphometric analysis, a measure of white and gray matter (GM) volumes concentrations, revealed differences (P < 0.05) in bilateral development of GM clusters in the cortical brain regions of the AR piglets compared with SR piglets. Region of interest analysis revealed larger (P < 0.05) whole brain volumes in SR animals compared with AR, and certain subcortical regions to be larger (P < 0.05) as a percentage of whole brain volume in AR piglets compared with SR animals. Quantification of brain metabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed SR piglets had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine, and creatine + phosphocreatine compared with AR piglets. However, glutamate + glutamine levels were higher (P < 0.05) in AR piglets when compared with SR animals. CONCLUSION Overall, increases in brain metabolite concentrations, coupled with greater FA values in WM tracts and volume differences in GM of specific brain regions, suggest differences in myelin development and cell proliferation in SR versus AR piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeba M. Jacob
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Austin T. Mudd
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey S. Alexander
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chron-Si Lai
- Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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21
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Scavuzzo CJ, Moulton CJ, Larsen RJ. The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessing the effect of diet on cognition. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:1-15. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1218191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Scavuzzo
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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22
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Greig M, Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D, Wilkinson ID. Insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 126:559-78. [PMID: 25410244 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (painful DPN) is a puzzle with two important missing pieces: Firstly we still do not understand why only some patients with neuropathy experience painful symptoms; Secondly we still do not have a complete understanding of how nociception generated in the peripheral nervous system is processed by the central nervous system (CNS). Available treatments offer only symptom relief and there is currently no effective treatment based on arresting or reversing the progression of disease. Therefore the management of painful DPN remains less than optimal because the complex pathophysiology of nociception and pain perception in health and disease is incompletely understood. Studies of the peripheral nervous system are investigating the molecular processes involved in signal transduction that have the potential to be interrupted or modified to ease pain. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques are helping to elucidate central pain processing pathways and describe the translation of nociception to pain. Combining the knowledge from these two streams of enquiry we will soon be able to predict accurately who will develop painful DPN, how we can halt or reverse the condition, or who will respond to symptomatic treatments. Future developments in the treatment of painful DPN will be underpinned by decoding the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. Research is focusing on these areas of enquiry in the hope that answers will lead to effective treatments to alleviate pain and reverse pathology for those suffering from painful DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni Greig
- Diabetes Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
| | | | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Radiology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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23
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Yang XR, Langevin LM, Jaworska N, Kirton A, Lebel RM, Harris AD, Jasaui Y, Wilkes TC, Sembo M, Swansburg R, MacMaster FP. Proton spectroscopy study of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in youth with familial depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:269-77. [PMID: 27059533 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Structural, functional, and metabolic changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) to examine the metabolite choline (glycerophosphocholine plus phosphocholine), which is used as an index of membrane integrity in the left DLPFC, in adolescents and young adults with MDD who were treatment-resistant and had a positive family history compared to healthy controls. Differences in the choline resonance indicate an imbalance between synthesis and degradation activity of neuronal and glia membrane phospholipids. METHODS Seventeen adolescents with MDD and 11 healthy controls underwent (1) H-MRS. A short echo point-resolved spectroscopy (echo time = 30 ms, repetition time = 2000 ms) protocol was used with a voxel (4.5cm(3) , 128 averages) placed within the left DLPFC. RESULTS There were significantly increased choline (P = 0.04) and creatine concentrations (P = 0.005) in the left DLPFC of the MDD group compared to controls. In MDD participants, choline concentration correlated with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.41, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Increased left DLPFC choline and creatine levels in depressed adolescents may be biomarkers for the disorder. The increased choline levels may indicate abnormalities in neuronal membrane integrity, and the increased creatine could be reflective of altered energy demands and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Marie Langevin
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Marc Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Montreal, Canada.,GE Healthcare, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yamile Jasaui
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Christopher Wilkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mariko Sembo
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rose Swansburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Montreal, Canada.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Montreal, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Montreal, Canada.,Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Montreal, Canada
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Hansen TM, Olesen AE, Simonsen CW, Fischer IW, Lelic D, Drewes AM, Frøkjaer JB. Acute Metabolic Changes Associated With Analgesic Drugs: An MR Spectroscopy Study. J Neuroimaging 2016; 26:545-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Maria Hansen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Anne Estrup Olesen
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Iben Wendelboe Fischer
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dina Lelic
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Mohr Drewes
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jens Brøndum Frøkjaer
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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25
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Guo Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Hou H, Cao Y, Wei F, Li J, Chen X, Shen Y, Chen W. Neurometabolic characteristics in the anterior cingulate gyrus of Alzheimer's disease patients with depression: a (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 26626864 PMCID: PMC4667526 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common comorbid psychiatric symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the prevalence of depression is higher among people with AD compared with healthy older adults. Comorbid depression in AD may increase the risk of cognitive decline, impair patients' function, and reduce their quality of life. However, the mechanisms of depression in AD remain unclear. Here, our aim was to identify neurometabolic characteristics in the brain that are associated with depression in patients with mild AD. METHODS Thirty-seven patients were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and divided into two groups: 17 AD patients with depression (D-AD) and 20 non-depressed AD patients (nD-AD). Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we characterized neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) of D-AD and nD-AD patients. RESULTS Compared with nD-AD patients, D-AD patients showed lower N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and higher myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) in the left ACG. NPI score correlated with NAA/Cr and mI/Cr in the left ACG, while HAMD correlated with NAA/Cr. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show neurometabolic alterations in D-AD patients. Thus, D-AD pathogenesis may be attributed to abnormal activity of neurons and glial cells in the left ACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Guo
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Center for Cognitive Brain Disorders and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| | - Hongtao Hou
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Yulin Cao
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Fuquan Wei
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Japeng Li
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Xingli Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Yuedi Shen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Predict Cerebral Injury in HIV-Infected Individuals on Stable Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69:29-35. [PMID: 25622053 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV-associated brain injury persists despite combination antiretroviral therapy, but contributing factors remain poorly understood. We postulated that inflammation-associated biomarkers will be associated with cerebral injury on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in chronically HIV-infected subjects. METHODS Five biomarkers were measured in 197 HIV-infected subjects: soluble CD14, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1β, and fractalkine. Levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Myoinositol (MI), Glutamate + Glutamine (Glx), and Creatine (Cr) were acquired in the midfrontal cortex (MFC), frontal white matter, and basal ganglia (BG). Predictive models were built through linear regression, and the best models were chosen using the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS Increases in plasma or CSF MCP-1 were associated with lower NAA/Cr in the MFC and BG, whereas metabolite changes in the frontal white matter for NAA/Cr, GlxCr, and Cho/Cr were explained almost exclusively by a single factor, sCD14. Plasma and CSF levels of this factor were also significantly associated with Glx/Cr in MFC and BG. Higher CSF FKN was associated with higher NAA/Cr in BG. Best predictors for higher Cho/Cr in BG and MFC were CSF sCD14 and CSF MIP-1β. Plasma and CSF IP-10 were only associated with Cho/Cr in MFC. Of the 3 models that simultaneously accounted for both plasma and CSF, there were more associations between CSF biomarkers and magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Markers of inflammation and immune activation, in particular MCP-1 and sCD14, predominantly reflecting CNS sources, contribute to the persistence of brain injury in a metabolite and region-dependent manner in chronically HIV-infected patients on stable combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Anderson AM, Fennema-Notestine C, Umlauf A, Taylor MJ, Clifford DB, Marra CM, Collier AC, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, McCutchan JA, Simpson DM, Morgello S, Grant I, Letendre SL. CSF biomarkers of monocyte activation and chemotaxis correlate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites during chronic HIV disease. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:559-67. [PMID: 26069183 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), supporting the need to better understand HIV neuropathogenesis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain has demonstrated abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals despite cART. We examined the associations between MRS metabolites and selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflecting monocyte/macrophage activation and chemotaxis. A multicenter cross-sectional study involving five sites in the USA was conducted. The following CSF biomarkers were measured: soluble CD14 (sCD14), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). The following MRS metabolites were measured from basal ganglia (BG), frontal white matter (FWM), and frontal gray matter (FGM): N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr). CSF biomarkers were compared to absolute MRS metabolites as well as metabolite/Cr ratios using linear regression. Eighty-three HIV-infected individuals were included, 78 % on cART and 37 % with HAND. The most robust positive correlations were between MCP-1 and Cho in BG (R (2) 0.179, p < 0.001) as well as MCP-1 and MI in FWM (R (2) 0.137, p = 0.002). Higher Cr levels in FWM were associated with MCP-1 (R (2) 0. 075, p = 0.01) and IP-10 (R (2) 0.106, p = 0.003). Comparing biomarkers to MRS metabolite/Cr ratios impacted some relationships, e.g., higher sCD14 levels were associated with lower Cho/Cr ratios in FGM (R (2) 0.224, p < 0.001), although higher MCP-1 levels remained associated with Cho/Cr in BG. These findings provide evidence that monocyte activation and chemotaxis continue to contribute to HIV-associated brain abnormalities in cART-treated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Anya Umlauf
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Michael J Taylor
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - David B Clifford
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin B Gelman
- University of Texas Medical Branch, University of Texas System, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Justin C McArthur
- John Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Allen McCutchan
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Grant
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center and Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, Suite A, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
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28
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New techniques of H1 spectroscopy on the liver: Reworking of NMR sequences. Radiography (Lond) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo molecular imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:519816. [PMID: 25302300 PMCID: PMC4180390 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which leads to dysfunction of cerebral pathways critical for the control of movements. The diagnosis of PD is based on motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, akinesia, muscular rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor, which are evident only after the degeneration of a significant number of dopaminergic neurons. Currently, a marker for early diagnosis of PD is still not available. Consequently, also the development of disease-modifying therapies is a challenge. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a quantitative imaging technique that allows in vivo measurement of certain neurometabolites and may produce biomarkers that reflect metabolic dysfunctions and irreversible neuronal damage. This review summarizes the abnormalities of cerebral metabolites found in MRS studies performed in patients with PD and other forms of parkinsonism. In addition, we discuss the potential role of MRS as in vivo molecular imaging biomarker for early diagnosis of PD and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
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30
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:809503. [PMID: 25110697 PMCID: PMC4109391 DOI: 10.1155/2014/809503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is considered to be the second most frequent primary degenerative dementing illness after Alzheimer's disease (AD). DLB, together with Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) belong to α-synucleinopathies—a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathological accumulation of the α-synuclein protein. Dementia due to PD and DLB shares clinical symptoms and neuropsychological profiles. Moreover, the core features and additional clinical signs and symptoms for these two very similar diseases are largely the same. Neuroimaging seems to be a promising method in differential diagnosis of dementia studies. The development of imaging methods or other objective measures to supplement clinical criteria for DLB is needed and a method which would accurately facilitate diagnosis of DLB prior to death is still being searched. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) provides a noninvasive method of assessing an in vivo biochemistry of brain tissue. This review summarizes the main results obtained from the application of neuroimaging techniques in DLB cases focusing on 1H-MRS.
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Radlowski EC, Conrad MS, Lezmi S, Dilger RN, Sutton B, Larsen R, Johnson RW. A neonatal piglet model for investigating brain and cognitive development in small for gestational age human infants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91951. [PMID: 24637829 PMCID: PMC3956804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The piglet was investigated as a potential model for studying brain and cognitive deficits associated with being born small for gestational age (SGA). Naturally farrowed SGA (0.7-1.0 kg BW) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3-1.6 kg BW) piglets were obtained on postnatal day (PD) 2, placed in individual cages, and provided a nutritionally adequate milk replacer diet (285 ml/kg/d). Beginning at PD14, performance in a spatial T-maze task was assessed. At PD28, piglets were anesthetized for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess brain structure (voxel-based morphometry), connectivity (diffusion-tensor imaging) and metabolites in the hippocampus and corpus callosum (proton MR spectroscopy). Piglets born SGA showed compensatory growth such that BW of SGA and AGA piglets was similar (P>0.05), by PD15. Birth weight affected maze performance, with SGA piglets taking longer to reach criterion than AGA piglets (p<0.01). Total brain volume of SGA and AGA piglets was similar (P<0.05), but overall, SGA piglets had less gray matter than AGA piglets (p<0.01) and tended to have a smaller internal capsule (p = 0.07). Group comparisons between SGA and AGA piglets defined 9 areas (≥ 20 clusters) where SGA piglets had less white matter (p<0.01); 2 areas where SGA piglets had more white matter (p<0.01); and 3 areas where SGA piglets had more gray matter (p<0.01). The impact of being born SGA on white matter was supported by a lower (p<0.04) fractional anisotropy value for SGA piglets, suggesting reduced white matter development and connectivity. None of the metabolites measured were different between groups. Collectively, the results show that SGA piglets have spatial learning deficits and abnormal development of white matter. As learning deficits and abnormalities in white matter are common in SGA human infants, the piglet is a tractable translational model that can be used to investigate SGA-associated cognitive deficits and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Radlowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Conrad
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephane Lezmi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brad Sutton
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Meyerhoff DJ. Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol use disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 125:313-37. [PMID: 25307583 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This chapter critically reviews brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) studies performed since 1994 in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD). We describe the neurochemicals that can be measured in vivo at the most common magnetic field strengths, summarize our knowledge about their general brain functions, and briefly explain some basic human (1)H MRS methods. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal research of individuals in treatment and of treatment-naïve individuals with AUD are discussed and interpreted on the basis of reported neuropathology. As AUDs are highly comorbid with chronic cigarette smoking and illicit substance abuse, we also summarize reports on their respective influences on regional proton metabolite levels. After reviewing research on neurobiologic correlates of relapse and genetic influences on brain metabolite levels, we finish with suggestions on future directions for (1)H MRS studies in AUDs. The review demonstrates that brain metabolic alterations associated with AUDs as well as their cognitive correlates are not simply a consequence of chronic alcohol consumption. Future MR research of AUDs in general has to be better prepared - and supported - to study clinically complex relationships between personality characteristics, comorbidities, neurogenetics, lifestyle, and living environment, as all these factors critically affect an individual's neurometabolic profile. (1)H MRS is uniquely positioned to tackle these complexities by contributing to a comprehensive biopsychosocial profile of individuals with AUD: it can provide non-invasive biochemical information on select regions of the brain at comparatively low overall cost for the ultimate purpose of informing more efficient treatments of AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Age-associated reduction of asymmetry in human central auditory function: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:735290. [PMID: 24222864 PMCID: PMC3809597 DOI: 10.1155/2013/735290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age on hemispheric asymmetry in the auditory cortex after pure tone stimulation. Ten young and 8 older healthy volunteers took part in this study. Two-dimensional multivoxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were performed before and after stimulation. The ratios of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate/glutamine (Glx), and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) to creatine (Cr) were determined and compared between the two groups. The distribution of metabolites between the left and right auditory cortex was also determined. Before stimulation, left and right side NAA/Cr and right side GABA/Cr were significantly lower, whereas right side Glx/Cr was significantly higher in the older group compared with the young group. After stimulation, left and right side NAA/Cr and GABA/Cr were significantly lower, whereas left side Glx/Cr was significantly higher in the older group compared with the young group. There was obvious asymmetry in right side Glx/Cr and left side GABA/Cr after stimulation in young group, but not in older group. In summary, there is marked hemispheric asymmetry in auditory cortical metabolites following pure tone stimulation in young, but not older adults. This reduced asymmetry in older adults may at least in part underlie the speech perception difficulties/presbycusis experienced by aging adults.
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Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in patients with progressive ataxia: current status and future direction. THE CEREBELLUM 2013; 12:245-66. [PMID: 22828959 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-012-0405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic challenge commonly encountered in neurology is that of an adult patient presenting with ataxia. The differential is vast and clinical assessment alone may not be sufficient due to considerable overlap between different causes of ataxia. Magnetic resonance (MR)-based biomarkers such as voxel-based morphometry, MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted and diffusion-tensor imaging and functional MR imaging are gaining great attention for their potential as indicators of disease. A number of studies have reported correlation with clinical severity and underlying pathophysiology, and in some cases, MR imaging has been shown to allow differentiation of conditions causing ataxia. However, despite recent advances, their sensitivity and specificity vary. In addition, questions remain over their validity and reproducibility, especially when applied in routine clinical practice. This article extensively reviews the current literature regarding MR-based biomarkers for the patient with predominantly adult-onset ataxia. Imaging features characteristic of a particular ataxia are provided and features differentiating ataxia groups and subgroups are discussed. Finally, discussion will turn to the feasibility of applying these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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36
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Quantification in magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on semi-parametric approaches. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:113-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Ta R, Suchy M, Tam JHK, Li AX, Martinez-Santiesteban FS, Scholl TJ, Hudson RHE, Bartha R, Pasternak SH. A dual magnetic resonance imaging/fluorescent contrast agent for Cathepsin-D detection. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:127-39. [PMID: 23281285 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently there are no approved biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cathepsin-D (Cat-D) is a lysosomal protease that is present at elevated levels in amyloid plaques and neurons in patients with AD and is also elevated in some cancers. We have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/fluorescent contrast agent to detect Cat-D enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular and tissue uptake of this MRI/fluorescent contrast agent. The agent consists of an MRI probe [DOTA-caged metal ion (Gd³⁺ or Tm³⁺)] and a fluorescent probe coupled to a cell-penetrating-peptide sequence by a Cat-D recognition site. The relaxivity of Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT(cleaved) was measured in 10% heat-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA) phantoms to assess contrast efficacy at magnetic fields ranging from 0.24 mT to 9.4 T. In vitro, Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was added to neuronal SN56 cells over-expressing Cat-D and live-cell confocal microscropy was performed at 30 min. Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was also intravenously injected into APP/PS1-dE9 Alzheimer's disease mice (n = 9) and controls (n = 8). Cortical and hippocampal uptake was quantified at 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection using confocal microscopy. The liver and kidneys were also evaluated for contrast agent uptake. The relaxivity of Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT(cleaved) was 3.3 (mM s)⁻¹ in 10% BSA at 9.4 T. In vitro, cells over-expressing Cat-D preferentially took up the contrast agent in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, the contrast agent effectively crossed the blood-brain barrier and exhibited a distinct time course of uptake and retention in APP/PS1-dE9 transgenic mice compared with age-matched controls. At clinical and high magnetic field strengths, Gd³⁺-DOTA-CAT produced greater T₁ relaxivity than Gd³⁺-DTPA. Tm³⁺-DOTA-CAT was taken up in a dose-dependent manner in cells over-expressing Cathepsin-D and was shown to transit the blood-brain barrier in vivo. This strategy may be useful for the in vivo detection of enzyme activity and for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Bestmann S, Feredoes E. Combined neurostimulation and neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience: past, present, and future. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1296:11-30. [PMID: 23631540 PMCID: PMC3760762 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern neurostimulation approaches in humans provide controlled inputs into the operations of cortical regions, with highly specific behavioral consequences. This enables causal structure–function inferences, and in combination with neuroimaging, has provided novel insights into the basic mechanisms of action of neurostimulation on distributed networks. For example, more recent work has established the capacity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe causal interregional influences, and their interaction with cognitive state changes. Combinations of neurostimulation and neuroimaging now face the challenge of integrating the known physiological effects of neurostimulation with theoretical and biological models of cognition, for example, when theoretical stalemates between opposing cognitive theories need to be resolved. This will be driven by novel developments, including biologically informed computational network analyses for predicting the impact of neurostimulation on brain networks, as well as novel neuroimaging and neurostimulation techniques. Such future developments may offer an expanded set of tools with which to investigate structure–function relationships, and to formulate and reconceptualize testable hypotheses about complex neural network interactions and their causal roles in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bestmann
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
This article schematically reviews the clinical features, diagnostic approaches to, and toxicological implications of toxic encephalopathy. The review will focus on the most significant occupational causes of toxic encephalopathy. Chronic toxic encephalopathy, cerebellar syndrome, parkinsonism, and vascular encephalopathy are commonly encountered clinical syndromes of toxic encephalopathy. Few neurotoxins cause patients to present with pathognomonic neurological syndromes. The symptoms and signs of toxic encephalopathy may be mimicked by many psychiatric, metabolic, inflammatory, neoplastic, and degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Thus, the importance of good history-taking that considers exposure and a comprehensive neurological examination cannot be overemphasized in the diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy. Neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging typically play ancillary roles. The recognition of toxic encephalopathy is important because the correct diagnosis of occupational disease can prevent others (e.g., workers at the same worksite) from further harm by reducing their exposure to the toxin, and also often provides some indication of prognosis. Physicians must therefore be aware of the typical signs and symptoms of toxic encephalopathy, and close collaborations between neurologists and occupational physicians are needed to determine whether neurological disorders are related to occupational neurotoxin exposure.
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Braakman HMH, van der Kruijs SJM, Vaessen MJ, Jansen JFA, Debeij-van Hall MHJA, Vles JSH, Aldenkamp AP, Backes WH, Hofman PAM. Microstructural and functional MRI studies of cognitive impairment in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2012; 53:1690-9. [PMID: 22889330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the most common comorbidity in children with epilepsy, but its pathophysiology and predisposing conditions remain unknown. Clinical epilepsy characteristics are not conclusive in determining cognitive outcome. Because many children with epilepsy do not have macrostructural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, the underlying substrate for cognitive impairment may be found at the microstructural or functional level. In the last two decades, new MRI techniques have been developed that have the potential to visualize microstructural or functional abnormalities associated with cognitive impairment. These include volumetric MRI, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI). All of these techniques have shed new light on various aspects associated with, or underlying, cognitive impairment, although their use in epilepsy has been limited and focused mostly on adults. Therefore, in this review, the use of all these different MRI techniques to unravel cognitive impairment in epilepsy is discussed both in adults and children with epilepsy. Volumetric MRI and VBM have revealed significant volume losses in the area of the seizure focus as well as in distant areas. DTI adds evidence of loss of integrity of connections from the seizure focus to distant areas as well as between distant areas. MRS and fMRI have shown impaired function both in the area of the seizure focus as well as in distant structures. For this review we have compiled and compared findings from the various techniques to conclude that cognitive impairment in epilepsy results from a network disorder in which the (micro)structures as well as the functionality can be disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde M H Braakman
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Hemanth Kumar BS, Mishra SK, Rana P, Singh S, Khushu S. Neurodegenerative evidences during early onset of depression in CMS rats as detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. Behav Brain Res 2012; 232:53-9. [PMID: 22449862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by anhedonia and feeling of sadness and chronic mild stress (CMS) seems to be a valuable animal model of depression. CMS animal model was induced and validated using behavioral studies. In the present study we investigated the neuro-metabolite changes occurring in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during the onset of depression, in CMS rat model using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) at field strength of 7 T. Results showed that CMS caused depression-like behavior in rats, as indicated by the decrease in sucrose consumption and locomotor activity. (1)H MRS was performed in both control and CMS rats (n=10, in each group) and the quantitative assessment of the neurometabolites was done using LC model. Relative concentrations of all the metabolites along with the macromolecules were calculated for analysis. The results revealed a significant decrease of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), NAA+NAAG, Glx and GABA levels in both hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of CMS animals and an elevated level of myo-ionisitol (mI) and taurine (Tau) was observed only in hippocampus. These metabolite fluctuations revealed by proton MRS indicate that there might be change in the neuronal integrity of the glial cells and neurons within prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in CMS model of depression. The present study also suggests that there may be a degenerative process concerning the brain morphology in the CMS rats. The overall finding using (1)H MRS suggests that, there might be a major role of the glia and neuron in the onset of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Hemanth Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Brig. SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Liu W, Shu XJ, Chen FY, Zhu C, Sun XH, Liu LJ, Ai YX, Li YG, Zhao H. Tianeptine reverses stress-induced asymmetrical hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate loss in rats: an in vivo study. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:385-392. [PMID: 22047727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced hippocampal volume loss and decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level have been reported to be associated with impaired neural plasticity and neuronal damage in adults. Accordingly, reversing structural and metabolite damage in the hippocampus may be a desirable goal for antidepressant therapy. The present study investigated the effects of tianeptine on chronic stress-induced hippocampal volume loss and metabolite alterations in vivo in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were subjected to a consecutive 28-day forced swimming test stress. Tianeptine (50mg/kg) or saline was administered intragastrically 4h after swimming each day. Spontaneous behaviors, serum corticosterone concentration, hippocampal volume and NAA level were evaluated after stress. Chronic tianeptine treatment counteracted the chronic stress-induced suppression of spontaneous behaviors, elevated serum corticosterone concentration, reduced hippocampal volume and decreased NAA level. Moreover, we found asymmetrical right-left hippocampal volume loss in stressed rats, with the left hippocampus more sensitive to chronic stress than the right hippocampus. In addition, stressed rats showed a decreased level of hippocampal metabolites, without significant loss of hippocampal volume. These findings provide experimental evidence for impaired structural plasticity of the brain being an important feature of depressive illness and suggest that prophylactic tianeptine treatments could reverse structural changes in brain. The structural and neurochemical alterations in the hippocampus may be valuable indexes for evaluating the prophylactic and curative effect of antidepressant treatments in depressive and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Xi-Ji Shu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Yin Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Sun
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Jiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Xun Ai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Guang Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hu Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Quantitative multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy study of brain metabolites in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Neuroradiology 2011; 54:451-8. [PMID: 21739221 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-011-0900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to investigate brain metabolic changes in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MVS). METHODS Fourteen aMCI patients and fifteen healthy control subjects participated in this experiment. All MR measurements were acquired using a 1.5-T GE scanner. (1)H-MVS point resolved spectroscopy (2D PROBE-CSI PRESS) pulse sequence (TE = 35 ms; TR = 1,500 ms; phase × frequency, 18 × 18) was used for acquiring MRS data. All data were post-processed using Spectroscopy Analysis by General Electric software and linear combination of model (LCModel). The absolute concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myoinositol (MI), creatine (Cr), and the metabolite ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr, and NAA/MI were measured bilaterally in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), inferior precuneus (Pr), paratrigonal white matter (PWM), dorsal thalamus (DT), and lentiform nucleus (LN). RESULTS Patients with aMCI displayed significantly lower NAA levels in the bilateral PCG (p < 0.01), PWM (p < 0.05), and left inferior Pr (p < 0.05). The metabolite ratio of NAA/MI was decreased in the bilateral PCG (p < 0.01) and PWM (p < 0.05) and in the left DT (p < 0.01). NAA/Cr was decreased in the left PCG (p < 0.01), DT (p < 0.05), right PWM (p < 0.05), and LN (p < 0.05). However, MI/Cr was elevated in the right PCG (p < 0.01) and left PWM (p < 0.05). Significantly increased Cho level was also evident in the left PWM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our observations of decreased NAA, NAA/Cr, and NAA/MI, in parallel with increased Cho and MI/Cr might be characteristic of aMCI patients.
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Kirov II, George IC, Jayawickrama N, Babb JS, Perry NN, Gonen O. Longitudinal inter- and intra-individual human brain metabolic quantification over 3 years with proton MR spectroscopy at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:27-33. [PMID: 21656555 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal repeatability of proton MR spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) in the healthy human brain at high fields over long periods is not established. Therefore, we assessed the inter- and intra-subject repeatability of (1) H-MRS in an approach suited for diffuse pathologies in 10 individuals, at 3T, annually for 3 years. Spectra from 480 voxels over 360 cm(3) (∼30%) of the brain, were individually phased, frequency-aligned, and summed into one average spectrum. This dramatically increases metabolites' signal-to-noise-ratios while maintaining narrow linewidths that improve quantification precision. The resulting concentrations of the N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo-inositol are: 8.9 ± 0.8, 5.9 ± 0.6, 1.4 ± 0.1, and 4.5 ± 0.5 mM (mean ± standard-deviation). the inter-subject coefficients of variation are 8.7%, 10.2%, 10.7%, and 11.8%; and the longitudinal (intra-subject) coefficients of variation are lower still: 6.6%, 6.8%, 6.8%, and 10%, much better than the 35%, 44%, 55%, and 62% intra-voxel coefficients of variation. The biological and nonbiological components of the summed spectra coefficients of variation had similar contributions to the overall variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Kirov
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Mishra AM, Bai H, Gribizis A, Blumenfeld H. Neuroimaging biomarkers of epileptogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2011; 497:194-204. [PMID: 21303682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the field studying the process of epileptogenesis via neuroimaging techniques. Conventional imaging methods include magnetic resonance imaging with morphometric analysis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Newer network-based methods such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging with resting functional connectivity are being developed and applied to clinical use. This review provides a brief summary of the major human and animal studies in both partial and generalized epilepsies that demonstrate the potential of these imaging modalities to serve as biomarkers of epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asht Mangal Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Abstract
Rabies remains a virtually incurable disease once symptoms develop. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate lesions in the different parts of the neuroaxis, even before brain symptoms are evident. These abnormalities have been detailed in both rabies virus-infected humans and dogs with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI disturbances were similar in both forms (furious or paralytic) in human rabies; however, they were more pronounced in paralytic than in furious rabies virus-infected dogs in which examination was done early in the disease course. Abnormalities were not confined only to neuronal structures of hippocampus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and brain stem but also extended to white matter. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been clearly shown to be intact during the time rabies virus-infected patients and dogs remained conscious, whereas leakage was demonstrated as soon as they became comatose. Although the location of MRI abnormalities can help diagnosing rabies, the intensities of signals are usually not very distinct and sometimes not recognizable. Newer techniques and protocols have been developed and utilized, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, and the latter provides both qualitative and quantitative data. These techniques have been applied to normal and rabies virus-infected dogs to construct fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity maps. Results showed clear-cut evidence of BBB intactness with absence of vasogenic brain edema and preservation of most neuronal structures and tracts except at the level of brainstem in paralytic rabies-infected dogs. Neuroimaging is one of the most useful tools for the in vivo study of central nervous system infections.
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods for the assessment of metabolic functions in the diseased brain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2011; 11:169-98. [PMID: 22076698 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to detect and quantify multiple metabolites. This chapter will review some of the applications of MRS to the study of brain functions. Typically, (1)H-MRS can detect metabolites reflecting neuronal density and integrity, markers of energy metabolism or inflammation, as well as neurotransmitters. The complexity of the proton spectrum has however led to the development of other nuclei-based methods, such as (31)P- and (13)C-MRS, which offer a broader chemical shift range and therefore can provide more detailed information at the level of single metabolites. The versatility of MRS allows for a wide range of clinical applications, of which neurodegeneration is an interesting target for spectroscopy-based studies. In particular, MRS can identify patterns of altered brain chemistry in Alzheimer's patients and can help establish differential diagnosis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Using MRS to follow less abundant neurotransmitters is currently out of reach and will most likely depend on the development of methods such as hyperpolarization that can increase the sensitivity of detection. In particular, dynamic nuclear polarization has opened up a new and exciting area of medical research, with developments that could greatly impact on the real-time monitoring of in vivo metabolic processes in the brain.
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Kondo DG, Hellem TL, Sung YH, Kim N, Jeong EK, DelMastro KK, Shi X, Renshaw PF. Review: magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of pediatric major depressive disorder. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2010; 2011:650450. [PMID: 21197097 PMCID: PMC3003951 DOI: 10.1155/2011/650450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. This paper focuses on the application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to the study of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. Method. A literature search using the National Institutes of Health's PubMed database was conducted to identify indexed peer-reviewed MRS studies in pediatric patients with MDD. Results. The literature search yielded 18 articles reporting original MRS data in pediatric MDD. Neurochemical alterations in Choline, Glutamate, and N-Acetyl Aspartate are associated with pediatric MDD, suggesting pathophysiologic continuity with adult MDD. Conclusions. The MRS literature in pediatric MDD is modest but growing. In studies that are methodologically comparable, the results have been consistent. Because it offers a noninvasive and repeatable measurement of relevant in vivo brain chemistry, MRS has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiology of MDD as well as the mediators and moderators of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Kondo
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Tracy L. Hellem
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Young-Hoon Sung
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Namkug Kim
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kristen K. DelMastro
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- The Brain Institute at the University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108-1201, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Gauci J, Stanley KO. Autonomous Evolution of Topographic Regularities in Artificial Neural Networks. Neural Comput 2010; 22:1860-98. [PMID: 20235822 DOI: 10.1162/neco.2010.06-09-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Looking to nature as inspiration, for at least the past 25 years, researchers in the field of neuroevolution (NE) have developed evolutionary algorithms designed specifically to evolve artificial neural networks (ANNs). Yet the ANNs evolved through NE algorithms lack the distinctive characteristics of biological brains, perhaps explaining why NE is not yet a mainstream subject of neural computation. Motivated by this gap, this letter shows that when geometry is introduced to evolved ANNs through the hypercube-based neuroevolution of augmenting topologies algorithm, they begin to acquire characteristics that indeed are reminiscent of biological brains. That is, if the neurons in evolved ANNs are situated at locations in space (i.e., if they are given coordinates), then, as experiments in evolving checkers-playing ANNs in this letter show, topographic maps with symmetries and regularities can evolve spontaneously. The ability to evolve such maps is shown in this letter to provide an important advantage in generalization. In fact, the evolved maps are sufficiently informative that their analysis yields the novel insight that the geometry of the connectivity patterns of more general players is significantly smoother and more contiguous than less general ones. Thus, the results reveal a correlation between generality and smoothness in connectivity patterns. They also hint at the intriguing possibility that as NE matures as a field, its algorithms can evolve ANNs of increasing relevance to those who study neural computation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gauci
- Evolutionary Complexity Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, U.S.A
| | - Kenneth O. Stanley
- Evolutionary Complexity Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, U.S.A
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