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Nelson BN, Friedman JE. Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5951. [PMID: 38892139 PMCID: PMC11172957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and over/undernutrition can have a long-lasting impact on offspring health during critical periods in the first 1000 days of life. Children born to mothers with obesity have reduced immune responses to stimuli which increase susceptibility to infections. Recently, maternal western-style diets (WSDs), high in fat and simple sugars, have been associated with skewing neonatal immune cell development, and recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of innate immunity in early life has long-term consequences on metabolic diseases and behavioral disorders in later life. Several factors contribute to abnormal innate immune tolerance or trained immunity, including changes in gut microbiota, metabolites, and epigenetic modifications. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding the mechanisms whereby these factors impact fetal and postnatal immune cell development, especially in precursor stem cells in bone marrow and fetal liver. Components of the maternal microbiota that are transferred from mothers consuming a WSD to their offspring are understudied and identifying cause and effect on neonatal innate and adaptive immune development needs to be refined. Tools including single-cell RNA-sequencing, epigenetic analysis, and spatial location of specific immune cells in liver and bone marrow are critical for understanding immune system programming. Considering the vital role immune function plays in offspring health, it will be important to understand how maternal diets can control developmental programming of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Nelson
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Harmancıoğlu B, Kabaran S. Maternal high fat diets: impacts on offspring obesity and epigenetic hypothalamic programming. Front Genet 2023; 14:1158089. [PMID: 37252665 PMCID: PMC10211392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1158089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy is associated with rapid weight gain and fetal fat mass increase at an early stage. Also, HFD during pregnancy can cause the activation of proinflammatory cytokines. Maternal insulin resistance and inflammation lead to increased adipose tissue lipolysis, and also increased free fatty acid (FFA) intake during pregnancy (˃35% of energy from fat) cause a significant increase in FFA levels in the fetus. However, both maternal insulin resistance and HFD have detrimental effects on adiposity in early life. As a result of these metabolic alterations, excess fetal lipid exposure may affect fetal growth and development. On the other hand, increase in blood lipids and inflammation can adversely affect the development of the liver, adipose tissue, brain, skeletal muscle, and pancreas in the fetus, increasing the risk for metabolic disorders. In addition, maternal HFD is associated with changes in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis by altering the expression of the leptin receptor, POMC, and neuropeptide Y in the offspring, as well as altering methylation and gene expression of dopamine and opioid-related genes which cause changes in eating behavior. All these maternal metabolic and epigenetic changes may contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic through fetal metabolic programming. Dietary interventions, such as limiting dietary fat intake <35% with appropriate fatty acid intake during the gestation period are the most effective type of intervention to improve the maternal metabolic environment during pregnancy. Appropriate nutritional intake during pregnancy should be the principal goal in reducing the risks of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Zhang Y, Pu J, Ding Y, Wu L, Yin Y, Sun M, Gu Y, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, He Q, Xu T, He Y, Su H, Zhou X, Li L, Ye Y, Li J, Xu Z. Sex Differences at Early Old Stage in Glycolipid Metabolism and Fatty Liver in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Chinese Great Famine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913966. [PMID: 35811949 PMCID: PMC9257182 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAbout 50 years ago, Chinese Great Famine (CGF) affected the entire population in China, and its long-term influence on the offspring has attracted significant attention for research. However, information on possible metabolic differences between sexes is limited. This study explored whether there might be sex differences in the risks of development of glucolipid metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver following prenatal exposure to CGF.Materials and MethodsThere were 11,417 subjects around 55 years of age (6,661 women and 4,756 men). They were divided as the exposed group in which the fetal stage was in CGF, and the unexposed group included those born after CGF. Analysis focused on comparisons between sexes.ResultsCompared to the unexposed group, the BMI and triglyceride (P < 0.05) in men were higher in exposed group, while waist circumference and blood sugar (P < 0.05) in the exposed women were significantly higher. With the ages being properly balanced, the risks of glycolipid metabolic dysfunction were significantly higher in both men and women in the exposed than in the unexposed group (P < 0.001). Prenatal exposure to CGF significantly increased risks of abnormal BMI (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.305–2.93), blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.050–1.401), triglycerides (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.006–1.245), and fatty liver (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.121–1.390) in men, and increased risks of abnormal blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.024–1.689) and positive urine sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.062–6.211) in women. Height and body weight were either the same or higher in the exposed subjects compared with the unexposed ones, regardless of sexes.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify sex differences in the long-term effects of CGF on metabolism and fatty liver. Importance of the findings include the benefits of prescribing medicine for the early prevention of certain diseases for each sex before aging based on the differences revealed. This study also shows “catch-up growth” in the offspring prenatally exposed to CGF as possible mechanisms underlying the long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Pu
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Yin
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingya Sun
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiutong Zheng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhice Xu,
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Christians JK, Shergill HK, Albert AYK. Sex-dependent effects of prenatal food and protein restriction on offspring physiology in rats and mice: systematic review and meta-analyses. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:21. [PMID: 33563335 PMCID: PMC7871651 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males and females may experience different effects of early-life adversity on life-long health. One hypothesis is that male foetuses invest more in foetal growth and relatively less in placental growth, and that this makes them susceptible to poor nutrition in utero, particularly if nutrition is reduced part-way through gestation. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine whether (1) food and/ or protein restriction in rats and mice has consistent sex-dependent effects, (2) sex-dependency differs between types of outcomes, and (3) males are more severely affected when restriction starts part-way through gestation. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible studies described controlled experiments that restricted protein or food during gestation in rats or mice, examined physiological traits in offspring from manipulated pregnancies, and tested whether effects differed between males and females. RESULTS Our search identified 292 articles, of which the full texts of 72 were assessed, and 65 were included for further synthesis. A majority (50) used Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats and so these were the primary focus. Among studies in which maternal diet was restricted for the duration of gestation, no type of trait was consistently more severely affected in one particular sex, although blood pressure was generally increased in both sexes. Meta-analysis found no difference between sexes in the effect of protein restriction throughout gestation on blood pressure. Among studies restricting food in the latter half of gestation only, there were again few consistent sex-dependent effects, although three studies found blood pressure was increased in males only. Meta-analysis found that food restriction in the second half of gestation increased adult blood pressure in both sexes, with a significantly greater effect in males. Birthweight was consistently reduced in both sexes, a result confirmed by meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found little support for the hypotheses that males are more affected by food and protein restriction, or that effects are particularly severe if nutrition is reduced part-way through gestation. However, less than half of the studies tested for sex by maternal diet interactions to identify sex-dependent effects. As a result, many reported sex-specific effects may be false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. .,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Haroop K Shergill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Arianne Y K Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pedroso AP, Dornellas APS, de Souza AP, Pagotto JF, Oyama LM, Nascimento CMO, Klawitter J, Christians U, Tashima AK, Ribeiro EB. A proteomics-metabolomics approach indicates changes in hypothalamic glutamate-GABA metabolism of adult female rats submitted to intrauterine growth restriction. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3059-3068. [PMID: 30406389 PMCID: PMC6842332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been shown to induce the programming of metabolic disturbances and obesity, associated with hypothalamic derangements. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of IUGR on the protein and metabolite profiles of the hypothalamus of adult female rats. METHODS Wistar rats were mated and either had ad libitum access to food (control group) or received only 50% of the control intake (restricted group) during the whole pregnancy. Both groups ate ad libitum throughout lactation. At 4 months of age, the control and restricted female offspring was euthanized for blood and tissues collection. The hypothalami were processed for data independent acquisition mass spectrometry-based proteomics or targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. RESULTS The adult females submitted to IUGR showed increased glycemia and body adiposity, with normal body weight and food intake. IUGR modulated significantly 28 hypothalamic proteins and 7 hypothalamic metabolites. The effects of IUGR on hypothalamic proteins and metabolites included downregulation of glutamine synthetase, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate, and up-regulation of NADH dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate. Integrated pathway analysis indicated that IUGR affected GABAergic synapse, glutamate metabolism, and TCA cycle, highly interconnected pathways whose derangement has potentially multiple consequences. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that the effects of IUGR on GABA/glutamate-glutamine cycle may be involved in the programming of obesity and hyperglycemia in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Dornellas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Adriana P de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Josias F Pagotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M O Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Pedroso AP, Souza AP, Dornellas APS, Oyama LM, Nascimento CMO, Santos GMS, Rosa JC, Bertolla RP, Klawitter J, Christians U, Tashima AK, Ribeiro EB. Intrauterine Growth Restriction Programs the Hypothalamus of Adult Male Rats: Integrated Analysis of Proteomic and Metabolomic Data. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1515-1525. [PMID: 28314371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programming of hypothalamic functions regulating energy homeostasis may play a role in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)-induced adulthood obesity. The present study investigated the effects of IUGR on the hypothalamus proteome and metabolome of adult rats submitted to 50% protein-energy restriction throughout pregnancy. Proteomic and metabolomic analyzes were performed by data independent acquisition mass spectrometry and multiple reaction monitoring, respectively. At age 4 months, the restricted rats showed elevated adiposity, increased leptin and signs of insulin resistance. 1356 proteins were identified and 348 quantified while 127 metabolites were quantified. The restricted hypothalamus showed down-regulation of 36 proteins and 5 metabolites and up-regulation of 21 proteins and 9 metabolites. Integrated pathway analysis of the proteomics and metabolomics data indicated impairment of hypothalamic glucose metabolism, increased flux through the hexosamine pathway, deregulation of TCA cycle and the respiratory chain, and alterations in glutathione metabolism. The data suggest IUGR modulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis in the hypothalamus of male adult rats. The present results indicated deleterious consequences of IUGR on hypothalamic pathways involved in pivotal physiological functions. These results provide guidance for future mechanistic studies assessing the role of intrauterine malnutrition in the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Souza
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Dornellas
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M O Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Gianni M S Santos
- Division of Applied Statistics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - José C Rosa
- Protein Chemistry Center, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, SP 03178-200, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Uwe Christians
- iC42 Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP , São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
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Sex-specific associations of low birth weight with adult-onset diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis: Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37032. [PMID: 27845438 PMCID: PMC5109479 DOI: 10.1038/srep37032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests sex differences in the early origins of adult metabolic disease, but this has been little investigated in developing countries. We investigated sex-specific associations between low birth weight (LBW; <2.5 kg) and adult-onset diabetes in 12,525 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Diabetes was defined by self-reported information and laboratory measurements. In confounder-adjusted analyses, LBW (vs. 2.5–4 kg) was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes in women (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32–1.79), not in men (PR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91–1.25; Pheterogeneity = 0.003). The association was stronger among participants with maternal diabetes (PR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35–1.91), than those without (PR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.99–1.32; Pheterogeneity = 0.03). When jointly stratified by sex and maternal diabetes, the association was observed for women with (PR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.37–2.29) and without (PR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75) maternal diabetes. In contrast, in men, LBW was associated with diabetes in participants with maternal diabetes (PR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83), but not in those without (PR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.74–1.14). These sex-specific findings extended to continuous measures of glucose homeostasis. LBW was associated with higher diabetes prevalence in Brazilian women, and in men with maternal diabetes, suggesting sex-specific intrauterine effects on adult metabolic health.
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Argente-Arizón P, Ros P, Díaz F, Fuente-Martin E, Castro-González D, Sánchez-Garrido MÁ, Barrios V, Tena-Sempere M, Argente J, Chowen JA. Age and sex dependent effects of early overnutrition on metabolic parameters and the role of neonatal androgens. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:26. [PMID: 27195103 PMCID: PMC4870809 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Males and females respond differently to diverse metabolic situations. Being raised in a small litter is reported to cause overnutrition that increases weight gain and predisposes an individual to metabolic disturbances in adulthood; however, existing data are inconsistent. Indeed, significant weight gain and/or metabolic disturbances, such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia, are sometimes not encountered. We hypothesized that these inconsistencies could be due to the animal’s sex and/or age at which metabolic parameters are measured. Methods To analyze the effects of neonatal overnutrition, male and female Wistar rats were raised in litters of 4 or 12 pups/dam and killed at postnatal days (PND) 10, 21, 30, 50, 85, or 150. In a second study to determine if neonatal sex steroid levels influence sex differences in metabolic parameters, female rats were treated with testosterone on PND1. Effects on weight, length, fat pads, adipokine production, and serum levels of glucose, metabolic hormones, and cytokines were analyzed in both studies. Results By PND10, both males and females raised in small litters had increased body weight, body length, adiposity, and serum glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. Females had a greater increase in inguinal fat, and males had higher expression of leptin messenger RNA (mRNA) and serum insulin, as well as increased testosterone levels. Most of the litter size effects diminished or disappeared after weaning and reappeared during adulthood in males, with sex differences in body size and adiposity being apparent postpubertally. Treatment of females with testosterone on PND1 tended to masculinize some metabolic parameters in adulthood such as increased body weight and serum leptin levels. Conclusions Our results indicate that (1) both sex and age determine the response to neonatal overnutrition; (2) differences in neonatal sex steroid levels may participate in the development of sex differences in metabolic parameters in adulthood and possibly in the response to neonatal overnutrition; and (3) the comparison of circulating hormone and cytokine levels, even in normal control animals, should take into consideration the early neonatal nutritional environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Fuente-Martin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Castro-González
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Garrido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC/HURS), Córdoba, 14004 Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC/HURS), Córdoba, 14004 Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo 65, Madrid, 28009 Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Harper JL, Caesar GA, Pennington KA, Davis JW, Schulz LC. Placental changes caused by food restriction during early pregnancy in mice are reversible. Reproduction 2016; 150:165-72. [PMID: 26060317 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, 50% calorie restriction in mice from d1.5 to 11.5 of pregnancy resulted in reduced placental weights and areas,relative sparing of labyrinth zone area compared to junctional zone area, and dramatic changes in global gene expression profiles.However, little lasting effect was seen on adult offspring of these pregnancies, with a slight reduction in adiposity in males and some changes in liver gene expression in both sexes. The goals of the present study were to determine whether the placental changes induced by caloric restriction in early pregnancy had permanent, irreversible effects on the placenta, and whether the changes in liver gene expression in adult offspring were present before birth. There were no differences in placental weights or areas, or the areas of individual placental zones near term in mice that had previously been food restricted. Global gene expression profiles at d18.5 were indistinguishable in placentas from control and previously food-restricted mothers. In fetuses from restricted dams at d18.5, liver expression of Gck, a key regulator of glycogen synthesis, was reduced, whereas its expression was increased in livers from adult offspring of restricted dams. Ppara expression was also reduced in fetal livers from restricted dams at d18.5, but not in adult offspring livers. We conclude that alterations in the placenta caused by nutrient restriction in early pregnancy are reversible, and that alterations in gene expression in livers of adult offspring are not a result of changes initiated during pregnancy and maintained through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harper
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, NW509 Health Sciences Center, 2. Division of Biological Sciences and 3Department of Statistics, Department of Health Management Informatics, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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10
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de Souza AP, Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Dornellas APS, Boldarine VT, Laure HJ, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Ribeiro EB. Gender-specific effects of intrauterine growth restriction on the adipose tissue of adult rats: a proteomic approach. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:32. [PMID: 26633942 PMCID: PMC4667418 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may program metabolic alterations affecting physiological functions and lead to diseases in later life. The adipose tissue is an important organ influencing energy homeostasis. The present study was aimed at exploring the consequences of IUGR on the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of adult male and female rats, using a proteomic approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with balanced chow, either ad libitum (control group) or restricted to 50 % of control intake (restricted group) during the whole gestation. The offspring were weaned to ad libitum chow and studied at 4 months of age. Retroperitoneal fat was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Both male and female restricted groups had low body weight at birth and at weaning but normal body weight at adulthood. The restricted males had normal fat pads weight and serum glucose levels, with a trend to hyperinsulinemia. The restricted females had increased fat pads weight with normal glucose and insulin levels. The restricted males showed up-regulated levels of proteasome subunit α type 3, branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, elongation 1- alpha 1, fatty acid synthase levels, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and ATP synthase subunit alpha. These alterations point to increased proteolysis and lipogenesis rates and favoring of ATP generation. The restricted females showed down-regulated levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase perilipin-1, mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1, and transketolase. These findings suggest impairment of glycemic control, stimulation of lipolysis and inhibition of proteolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis rates. In both genders, several proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation were affected, in a pattern compatible with impairment of these responses. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic analysis of adipose tissue showed that, although IUGR affected pathways of substrate and energy metabolism in both males and females, important gender differences were evident. While IUGR males displayed alterations pointing to a predisposition to later development of obesity, the alterations observed in IUGR females pointed to a metabolic status of established obesity, in agreement with their increased fat pads mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Amanda Paula Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Regina Lúcia Harumi Watanabe
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Helen Julie Laure
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Oller do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
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11
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Dornellas APS, Watanabe RLH, Pimentel GD, Boldarine VT, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Ghebremeskel K, Wang Y, Bueno AA, Ribeiro EB. Deleterious effects of lard-enriched diet on tissues fatty acids composition and hypothalamic insulin actions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 102-103:21-9. [PMID: 26525379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Altered tissue fatty acid (FA) composition may affect mechanisms involved in the control of energy homeostasis, including central insulin actions. In rats fed either standard chow or a lard-enriched chow (high in saturated/low in polyunsaturated FA, HS-LP) for eight weeks, we examined the FA composition of blood, hypothalamus, liver, and retroperitoneal, epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues. Insulin-induced hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling were evaluated after intracerebroventricular insulin injection. HS-LP feeding increased saturated FA content in adipose tissues and serum while it decreased polyunsaturated FA content of adipose tissues, serum, and liver. Hypothalamic C20:5n-3 and C20:3n-6 contents increased while monounsaturated FA content decreased. HS-LP rats showed hyperglycemia, impaired insulin-induced hypophagia and hypothalamic insulin signaling. The results showed that, upon HS-LP feeding, peripheral tissues underwent potentially deleterious alterations in their FA composition, whist the hypothalamus was relatively preserved. However, hypothalamic insulin signaling and hypophagia were drastically impaired. These findings suggest that impairment of hypothalamic insulin actions by HS-LP feeding was not related to tissue FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P S Dornellas
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R L H Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G D Pimentel
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V T Boldarine
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M O Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Paediatrics, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A A Bueno
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - E B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Ochoa-Ruiz E, Díaz-Ruiz R, Hernández-Vázquez ADJ, Ibarra-González I, Ortiz-Plata A, Rembao D, Ortega-Cuéllar D, Viollet B, Uribe-Carvajal S, Corella JA, Velázquez-Arellano A. Biotin deprivation impairs mitochondrial structure and function and has implications for inherited metabolic disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:204-14. [PMID: 26343941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Certain inborn errors of metabolism result from deficiencies in biotin containing enzymes. These disorders are mimicked by dietary absence or insufficiency of biotin, ATP deficit being a major effect,whose responsible mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. Here we show that in rats and cultured cells it is the result of reduced TCA cycle flow, partly due to deficient anaplerotic biotin-dependent pyruvate carboxylase. This is accompanied by diminished flow through the electron transport chain, augmented by deficient cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity with decreased cytochromes and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. There was also severe mitochondrial damage accompanied by decrease of mitochondria, associated with toxic levels of propionyl CoA as shown by carnitine supplementation studies, which explains the apparently paradoxical mitochondrial diminution in the face of the energy sensor AMPK activation, known to induce mitochondria biogenesis. This idea was supported by experiments on AMPK knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The multifactorial ATP deficit also provides a plausible basis for the cardiomyopathy in patients with propionic acidemia, and other diseases.Additionally, systemic inflammation concomitant to the toxic state might explain our findings of enhanced IL-6, STAT3 and HIF-1α, associated with an increase of mitophagic BNIP3 and PINK proteins, which may further increase mitophagy. Together our results imply core mechanisms of energy deficit in several inherited metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Ochoa-Ruiz
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Rodrigo Díaz-Ruiz
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Alaín de J Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Isabel Ibarra-González
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Alma Ortiz-Plata
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México D.F., México
| | - Daniel Rembao
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México D.F., México
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuéllar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR, 8104 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México
| | - José Ahmed Corella
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México
| | - Antonio Velázquez-Arellano
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México D.F., México.
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13
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Lizárraga-Mollinedo E, Fernández-Millán E, García-San Frutos M, de Toro-Martín J, Fernández-Agulló T, Ros M, Álvarez C, Escrivá F. Early and Long-term Undernutrition in Female Rats Exacerbates the Metabolic Risk Associated with Nutritional Rehabilitation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19353-66. [PMID: 26105051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies have suggested that early undernutrition increases the risk of obesity, thereby explaining the increase in overweight among individuals from developing countries who have been undernourished as children. However, this conclusion is controversial, given that other studies do not concur. This study sought to determine whether rehabilitation after undernutrition increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. We employed a published experimental food-restriction model. Wistar female rats subjected to severe food restriction since fetal stage and controls were transferred to a moderately high-fat diet (cafeteria) provided at 70 days of life to 6.5 months. Another group of undernourished rats were rehabilitated with chow. The energy intake of undernourished animals transferred to cafeteria formula exceeded that of the controls under this regime and was probably driven by hypothalamic disorders in insulin and leptin signal transduction. The cafeteria diet resulted in greater relative increases in both fat and lean body mass in the undernourished rats when compared with controls, enabling the former group to completely catch up in length and body mass index. White adipose tissues of undernourished rats transferred to the high-lipid regime developed a browning which, probably, contributed to avoid the obesigenic effect observed in controls. Nevertheless, the restricted group rehabilitated with cafeteria formula had greater accretion of visceral than subcutaneous fat, showed increased signs of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in visceral pad, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat accumulation. The data indicate that early long-term undernutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to the harmful effects of nutritional rehabilitation, without causing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lizárraga-Mollinedo
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Miriam García-San Frutos
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Fernández-Agulló
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ros
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Fisiología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
| | - Fernando Escrivá
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Spain, and
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Bispo KP, de Oliveira Rodrigues L, da Silva Soares de Souza É, Mucci D, Tavares do Carmo MDG, de Albuquerque KT, de Carvalho Sardinha FL. Trans and interesterified fat and palm oil during the pregnancy and lactation period inhibit the central anorexigenic action of insulin in adult male rat offspring. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:131-8. [PMID: 25398547 PMCID: PMC10717077 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palm oil and interesterified fat have been used to replace partially hydrogenated fats, rich in trans isomers, in processed foods. This study investigated whether the maternal consumption of normolipidic diets containing these lipids affects the insulin receptor and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) contents in the hypothalamus and the hypophagic effect of centrally administered insulin in 3-month-old male offspring. At 90 days, the intracerebroventricular injection of insulin decreased 24-h feeding in control rats but not in the palm, interesterified or trans groups. The palm group exhibited increases in the insulin receptor content of 64 and 69 % compared to the control and trans groups, respectively. However, the quantifications of PKB did not differ significantly across groups. We conclude that the intake of trans fatty acid substitutes during the early perinatal period affects food intake regulation in response to centrally administered insulin in the young adult offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Pereira Bispo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
| | - Érica da Silva Soares de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
| | - Daniela Mucci
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
| | - Kelse Tibau de Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, LABNEX, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ Brazil
| | - Fatima Lucia de Carvalho Sardinha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carlos Chagas, 373, Edificio do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2º andar, sala 021, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 219415-902 Brazil
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15
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Ross MG, Desai M. Developmental Programming of Appetite/Satiety. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 64 Suppl 1:36-44. [DOI: 10.1159/000360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Guzmán-Quevedo O, Da Silva Aragão R, Pérez García G, Matos RJB, de Sa Braga Oliveira A, de Castro RM, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Impaired hypothalamic mTOR activation in the adult rat offspring born to mothers fed a low-protein diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74990. [PMID: 24040371 PMCID: PMC3767644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies have clearly established that maternal malnutrition induces a high risk of developing obesity and related metabolic diseases in the offspring. To determine if altered nutrient sensing might underlie this enhanced disease susceptibility, here we examined the effects of perinatal protein restriction on the activation of the nutrient sensor mTOR in response to acute variations in the nutritional status of the organism. Female Wistar rats were fed isocaloric diets containing either 17% protein (control) or 8% protein (PR) throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning offspring received standard chow and at 4 months of age the effects of fasting or fasting plus re-feeding on the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream target S6 ribosomal protein (rpS6) in the hypothalamus were assessed by immuno-fluorescence and western blot. Under ad libitum feeding conditions, PR rats exhibited decreased mTOR and rpS6 phosphorylation in the arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei. Moreover, the phosphorylation of mTOR and rpS6 in these hypothalamic nuclei decreased with fasting in control but not in PR animals. Conversely, PR animals exhibited enhanced number of pmTOR imunostained cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and fasting decreased the activation of mTOR in the PVN of malnourished but not of control rats. These alterations occurred at a developmental stage at which perinatally-undernourished animals do not show yet obesity or glucose intolerance. Collectively, our observations suggest that altered hypothalamic nutrient sensing in response to an inadequate foetal and neonatal energetic environment is one of the basic mechanisms of the developmental programming of metabolic disorders and might play a causing role in the development of the metabolic syndrome induced by malnutrition during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- Unité Mixte de recherche 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - Raquel Da Silva Aragão
- Unité Mixte de recherche 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Georgina Pérez García
- Unité Mixte de recherche 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - Rhowena J. B. Matos
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André de Sa Braga Oliveira
- Unité Mixte de recherche 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- Unité Mixte de recherche 1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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da Silva AAM, Borba TKF, de Almeida Lira L, Cavalcante TCF, de Freitas MFL, Leandro CG, do Nascimento E, de Souza SL. Perinatal undernutrition stimulates seeking food reward. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:334-41. [PMID: 23669181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments in animals have revealed that perinatal nutritional restriction, which manifests in adulthood, increases food intake and preference for palatable foods. Considering this, we aimed to evaluate the effects of perinatal malnutrition on hedonic control of feeding behavior. In this study, we divided Wistar rats into two groups according to the diet provided to their mothers during pregnancy and lactation: the control group (diet with 17% casein) and low-protein group (diet with 8% casein). We assessed the animals' motivational behavior in adulthood by giving them a stimulus of food reward. We also assessed their neuronal activation triggered by the stimulus of palatable food using FOS protein labeling of neurons activated in the caudate putamen, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial, and lateral hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala. Evaluation of body weight in malnourished animals showed reduction from the 6th day of life until adulthood. Analysis of feeding behavior revealed that these animals were more motivated by food reward, but they had delays during learning of the task. This finding correlated with the number of c-FOS-immunoreactive neurons, which indicated that malnourished animals had an increase in the number of neurons activated in response to the palatable diet, especially in the amygdala and caudate putamen. The study therefore confirmed our hypothesis that early nutritional insults promote changes in encephalic control mechanisms, especially those related to food intake and search for reward.
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High-fat fish oil diet prevents hypothalamic inflammatory profile in rats. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2013; 2013:419823. [PMID: 24049658 PMCID: PMC3767199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/419823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whether PUFA diets affect inflammatory mediators in central and peripheral sites is not clear. We investigated the effect of high-fat PUFA diets on the expression of proteins involved in inflammatory pathways in hypothalamus, muscle, and liver. Male rats were fed for 2 months with either chow or high-fat diets enriched with either soy (n-6 PUFAs) or fish oil (n-3 PUFAs). The fish group had normal body weight, low serum NEFA, reduced hypothalamic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and TRAF6, and increased levels of IL-10 receptor. In contrast, the soy group had increased body weight and hypothalamic levels of TRAF6 and NFκBp65. In muscle, the fish diet reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Both PUFA diets increased muscle IL-10 levels and reduced liver TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The data showed that the high-fat soy diet induced activation of the hypothalamic NFκB inflammatory pathway, a feature predisposing to feeding and energy expenditure disturbances associated with the development of obesity. On the other hand, the high-fat fish diet improved the central and the peripheral inflammatory profile via reduction of intracellular inflammatory mediators, suggesting a protection against obesity.
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Whitaker KW, Totoki K, Reyes TM. Metabolic adaptations to early life protein restriction differ by offspring sex and post-weaning diet in the mouse. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:1067-1074. [PMID: 21704502 PMCID: PMC3183163 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low birth weight affects 1 in every 7 babies born globally and can predict a lifetime of increased risk for adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Maternal low protein diet during pregnancy and lactation is a well-characterized rat model for low birth weight and the subsequent increase in chronic disease risk. However, mice have been relatively understudied in this paradigm and represent a critical resource for investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms that link adverse early life experience and the development of chronic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS The present manuscript describes a mouse model of low birth weight (maternal consumption of low protein diet (8% protein) through pregnancy and lactation) and characterizes metabolic adaptations (food intake, locomotor activity, oxygen consumption, and glucose tolerance) in male and female offspring. At weaning, mice were maintained either on the control diet or a high fat diet. Notable sex differences were observed, with male mice from the low protein pregnancies showing increased food intake, hyperactivity and increased metabolic rate only when weaned to the high fat diet, while female mice consistently showed increased food intake and were hypometabolic, regardless of post-weaning diet. CONCLUSION These data identify offspring sex and post-weaning diet as critical variables in the metabolic adaptations to early life protein deficiency, and suggest that females may be more vulnerable to the adverse long-term health consequences of low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Whitaker
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
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Pimentel GD, Dornellas APS, Rosa JC, Lira FS, Cunha CA, Boldarine VT, de Souza GIH, Hirata AE, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Watanabe RLH, Ribeiro EB. High-fat diets rich in soy or fish oil distinctly alter hypothalamic insulin signaling in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:822-8. [PMID: 21852082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic insulin inhibits food intake, preventing obesity. High-fat feeding with polyunsaturated fats may be obesogenic, but their effect on insulin action has not been elucidated. The present study evaluated insulin hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling after central injection in rats fed either control diet (15% energy from fat) or high-fat diets (50% energy from fat) enriched with either soy or fish oil. Soy rats had increased fat pad weight and serum leptin with normal body weight, serum lipid profile and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Fish rats had decreased body and fat pad weight, low leptin and corticosterone levels, and improved serum lipid profile. A 20-mU dose of intracerebroventricular (ICV) insulin inhibited food intake in control and fish groups, but failed to do so in the soy group. Hypothalamic protein levels of IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and AMPK were similar among groups. ICV insulin stimulated IR tyrosine phosphorylation in control (68%), soy (36%) and fish (34%) groups. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the pp185 band was significantly stimulated in control (78%) and soy (53%) rats, but not in fish rats. IRS-1 phosphorylation was stimulated only in control rats (94%). Akt serine phosphorylation was significantly stimulated only in control (90%) and fish (78%) rats. The results showed that, rather than the energy density, the fat type was a relevant aspect of high-fat feeding, since blockade of hypothalamic insulin signal transmission and insulin hypophagia was promoted only by the high-fat soy diet, while they were preserved in the rats fed with the high-fat fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D Pimentel
- Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, CEP 04023-062 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
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Fuente-Martín E, Granado M, García-Cáceres C, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Frago LM, Tena-Sempere M, Argente J, Chowen JA. Early nutritional changes induce sexually dimorphic long-term effects on body weight gain and the response to sucrose intake in adult rats. Metabolism 2012; 61:812-22. [PMID: 22209665 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term metabolic effects induced by early nutritional changes are suspected to differ between males and females, but few studies have analyzed both sexes simultaneously. We analyzed the consequences of neonatal nutritional changes on body weight (BW) and the adult response to a sucrose-enriched diet in both male and female rats. Litter size was manipulated at birth to induce over- and undernutrition (4 pups: L4; 12 pups: L12; 20 pups: L20). From 50 to 65 days of age, half of each group received a 33% sucrose solution instead of water. Serum leptin, insulin, and ghrelin levels were analyzed at day 65. At weaning, rats from L4 weighed more and those from L20 weighed less than controls (L12). Body weight was greater in L4 rats throughout the study and increased further compared with controls in adult life. L20 males ate less and gained less weight throughout the study, but L20 females had a significant catch-up in BW. Sucrose intake increased total energy consumption in all groups, but not BW gain, with L4 males and L4 and L20 females reducing weight gain. Yet, sucrose intake increased serum leptin levels, with this increase being significant in L4 and L20 males. Our results suggest that females are more capable than males of recuperating and maintaining a normal BW after reduced neonatal nutrition. Furthermore, increased sucrose intake does not increase BW, but could alter body composition as reflected by leptin levels, with the percentage of calories consumed in the form of sucrose being affected by sex and neonatal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fuente-Martín
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Albuquerque KT, Telles MM, Andrade MCC, Perez JD, Sakata MM, Lima ML, Estadella D, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Casarini DE, Ribeiro EB. Proteomic profiling of the rat hypothalamus. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22519962 PMCID: PMC3441799 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in numerous mechanisms highly relevant to the maintenance of body homeostasis, such as the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Impairment of these mechanisms has been associated with the metabolic disturbances involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Since rodent species constitute important models for metabolism studies and the rat hypothalamus is poorly characterized by proteomic strategies, we performed experiments aimed at constructing a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profile of rat hypothalamus proteins. Results As a first step, we established the best conditions for tissue collection and protein extraction, quantification and separation. The extraction buffer composition selected for proteome characterization of rat hypothalamus was urea 7 M, thiourea 2 M, CHAPS 4%, Triton X-100 0.5%, followed by a precipitation step with chloroform/methanol. Two-dimensional (2-D) gels of hypothalamic extracts from four-month-old rats were analyzed; the protein spots were digested and identified by using tandem mass spectrometry and database query using the protein search engine MASCOT. Eighty-six hypothalamic proteins were identified, the majority of which were classified as participating in metabolic processes, consistent with the finding of a large number of proteins with catalytic activity. Genes encoding proteins identified in this study have been related to obesity development. Conclusion The present results indicate that the 2-DE technique will be useful for nutritional studies focusing on hypothalamic proteins. The data presented herein will serve as a reference database for studies testing the effects of dietary manipulations on hypothalamic proteome. We trust that these experiments will lead to important knowledge on protein targets of nutritional variables potentially able to affect the complex central nervous system control of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Pedroso
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Orozco-Solís R, Matos RJB, Guzmán-Quevedo O, Lopes de Souza S, Bihouée A, Houlgatte R, Manhães de Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Nutritional programming in the rat is linked to long-lasting changes in nutrient sensing and energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13537. [PMID: 20975839 PMCID: PMC2958833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrient deficiency during perinatal development is associated with an increased risk to develop obesity, diabetes and hypertension in the adulthood. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome remain largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Given the essential role of the hypothalamus in the integration of nutritional, endocrine and neuronal cues, here we have analyzed the profile of the hypothalamus transcriptome in 180 days-old rats born to dams fed either a control (200 g/kg) or a low-protein (80 g/kg) diet through pregnancy and lactation. From a total of 26 209 examined genes, 688 were up-regulated and 309 down-regulated (P<0.003) by early protein restriction. Further bioinformatic analysis of the data revealed that perinatal protein restriction permanently alters the expression of two gene clusters regulating common cellular processes. The first one includes several gate keeper genes regulating insulin signaling and nutrient sensing. The second cluster encompasses a functional network of nuclear receptors and co-regulators of transcription involved in the detection and use of lipid nutrients as fuel which, in addition, link temporal and nutritional cues to metabolism through their tight interaction with the circadian clock. Conclusions/Significance Collectively, these results indicate that the programming of the hypothalamic circuits regulating energy homeostasis is a key step in the development of obesity associated with malnutrition in early life and provide a valuable resource for further investigating the role of the hypothalamus in the programming of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Orozco-Solís
- INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - Rhowena J. B. Matos
- INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - Omar Guzmán-Quevedo
- INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Audrey Bihouée
- INSERM, U915, IFR26, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM, U915, IFR26, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Departamento de Nutriçao, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université, Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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Gender differences in the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood growth trajectories: multilevel analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:53-9. [PMID: 20921965 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Clifton VL, Hodyl NA, Murphy VE, Giles WB, Baxter RC, Smith R. Effect of maternal asthma, inhaled glucocorticoids and cigarette use during pregnancy on the newborn insulin-like growth factor axis. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:39-48. [PMID: 19695914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth varies in a sex-specific manner in response to maternal asthma during pregnancy, but the mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined the influence of maternal asthma severity and associated exposures, inhaled glucocorticoid treatment, maternal cigarette use, and fetal sex on fetal growth and placental function during pregnancy and on the newborn insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. STUDY SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: Fetal growth was assessed in a prospective cohort of asthmatic and non-asthmatic women (n=145). At delivery, umbilical vein plasma was collected from male (n=61, controls n=16 and asthmatic n=45) or female (n=84, controls n=22 and asthmatic n=62) fetuses. Cord plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (BP)-1, IGFBP-3, IGF-1 and IGF-2 were measured by radioimmunoassay and ELISA. RESULTS Cord plasma IGF-1 was the main component of the neonatal IGF axis altered by asthma and cigarette use. IGF-1 was increased in the presence of mild asthma and a male fetus and decreased in the presence of a female fetus and maternal asthma with cigarette use. IGFBP-3 was also decreased in the female fetuses of pregnancies complicated by asthma and cigarette use. Inhaled glucocorticoid use for the treatment of asthma did not affect the IGF axis. The strongest overall predictor of female birth weight after accounting for asthma severity, inhaled glucocorticoid treatment and cigarette use was IGF-1. For males, the strongest predictor of birth weight was IGFBP-3. CONCLUSION The data suggest male and female fetuses institute different strategies in response to adverse pregnancy conditions such as asthma and cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Clifton
- Department of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Orozco-Sólis R, Lopes de Souza S, Barbosa Matos RJ, Grit I, Le Bloch J, Nguyen P, Manhães de Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Perinatal undernutrition-induced obesity is independent of the developmental programming of feeding. Physiol Behav 2009; 96:481-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
The central nervous system regulates energy intake and expenditure through a complex network of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. It is of great interest to understand the relevance of these systems to the physiological control of energy balance and to the disturbances of obesity. The present paper discusses some of the methods to address this field used at the laboratory of Endocrine Physiology of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Initially, different experimental models of rat obesity are presented, namely the hypothalamic induced monosodium glutamate model, the Zucker genetic model, and the dietary model. The principles of brain microdialysis are also presented, the technique applied to obtain representative samples of the extracellular fluid of brain sites involved in feeding control. The microdialysate levels of serotonin, an important anorexigenic neurotransmitter, are determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The immunoblot technique (Western blot) is used to determine hypothalamic levels of proteins relevant to the anorexigenic effect of serotonin and to analyze the acute activation of the insulin signaling cascade in the hypothalamus. The final section addresses the potential applications of proteomics in the study of the central control of feeding.
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Impairment of the serotonergic control of feeding in adult female rats exposed to intra-uterine malnutrition. Br J Nutr 2008; 101:1255-61. [PMID: 18786279 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adult female rats exposed to intra-uterine malnutrition were normophagic, although obese and resistant to insulin-induced hypophagia. The present study aimed at examining aspects of another important catabolic component of energy homeostasis control, the hypothalamic serotonergic function, which inhibits feeding and stimulates energy expenditure. Pregnant dams were fed ad libitum or were restricted to 50 % of ad libitum intake during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy. Control and restricted 4-month-old progeny were studied. The restricted rats had increased body adiposity with normal daily food intake but failed to respond with hypophagia to an intracerebroventricular injection of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Stimulation, by food ingestion, of extracellular levels of serotonin in medial hypothalamus microdialysates was more pronounced and lasted longer in the restricted than in the control rats. In the restricted group, hypothalamic levels of 5-HT 2C receptor protein tended to be reduced (P = 0.07) while the levels of 5-HT1B receptor and serotonin transporter proteins were significantly elevated (36 and 79 %, respectively). In conclusion, female rats undernourished in utero had normophagic obesity as adults but had an absence of serotonin-induced hypophagia and low hypothalamic levels of the 5-HT 2C receptor. Compensatory adaptations for the functional serotonergic impairment were evidenced, such as an enhanced release of serotonin in response to a meal allied to up-regulated hypothalamic 5-HT1B and transporter expression. Whether these compensations will persist in later life warrants further investigation. Moreover, it cannot be ruled out that the serotonergic component of energy expenditure was already impaired, thus contributing to the observed body-fat phenotype.
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Lopes de Souza S, Orozco-Solis R, Grit I, Manhães de Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F. Perinatal protein restriction reduces the inhibitory action of serotonin on food intake. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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