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Le HH, Zhao W, Furness JB, Shakeri M, DiGiacomo K, Roura E, Renaudeau D, Gabler NK, Leury BJ, Dunshea FR, Wijffels G, Cottrell JJ. Using Recombinant Superoxide Dismutase to Control Oxidative Stress in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cyclic Heat-Stressed Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2681. [PMID: 37627472 PMCID: PMC10451771 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is associated with an increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, posing a threat of heat stress to pig production. Heat stress compromises the efficiency of pig production partly due to causing oxidative stress, intestinal dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant enzyme reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this experiment aimed to investigate whether recombinant superoxide dismutase (rSOD) could ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in heat-stressed grower pigs. Sixty-four female pigs (Large White × Landrace, 27.8 ± 1.65 kg, mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to a control diet (standard grower feed, CON) or the control diet supplemented with 50 IU recombinant superoxide dismutase (rSOD) for 14 days. After acclimation to the diet, pigs were then housed under thermoneutral (TN, 20 °C, 35-50% relative humidity) or cyclic heat stress conditions (CHS, at 35 °C: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and 28 °C: 5 p.m. to 9 a.m., 35-50% relative humidity) for 3 days. Heat stress increased respiration rate (RR), skin and rectal temperature (RR and RT) (p < 0.001 for all), and reduced plasma thyroid hormone concentration (p < 0.001). The amount of oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) was increased in the jejunum and ileum of CHS pigs. In the jejunum, rSOD also increased the amount of oxidized glutathione in both TN and CHS pigs, without any change in endogenous SOD activity. In the ileum, rSOD prevented increases in oxidized glutathione formation in the CHS pigs only. Taken together, this may reflect increased oxidative stress in both the jejunum and ileum in CHS pigs. Alternatively, rSOD increased the conversion of reduced to oxidized glutathione independently of CHS, possibly reflecting an increased overall SOD activity due to the addition of exogenous SOD. In conclusion, the use of in-feed SOD enzymes at a dose of 50 IU/kg may be a useful strategy for preventing oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Huu Le
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - John Barton Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Majid Shakeri
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Kristy DiGiacomo
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - David Renaudeau
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 16 Le Clos Domaine de la Prise, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France;
| | | | - Brian Joseph Leury
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Frank Rowland Dunshea
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gene Wijffels
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Jeremy James Cottrell
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (H.H.L.); (W.Z.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (B.J.L.); (F.R.D.)
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Li Y, Fan M, Qiu Q, Wang Y, Shen X, Zhao K. Nano-selenium and Macleaya cordata Extracts Improved Immune Function and Reduced Oxidative Damage of Sows and IUGR Piglets After Heat Stress of Sows in Late Gestation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5081-5090. [PMID: 35020160 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) and Macleaya cordata extracts (MCE) on immune function and oxidative damage of sows and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) piglets exposed to heat stress (HS) in large-scale farms, a 2 × 2 factorial design was adopted in this test, and the two factors were nano-Se (0, 0.50 mg/kg) and MCE (0, 500 mg/kg). A total of 80 sows ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc, parity 2) were used in a 25-day trial from day 90 of gestation to delivery with 20 replications per group and 1 sow per replication. The dietary treatments of sows were as follows: (1) CON group, basic diet (0.30 mg/kg added Se, sodium selenite); (2) Nano-Se group, basic diet (0.00 mg/kg added Se) + 0.50 mg/kg added nano-Se; (3) MCE group, basic diet (0.00 mg/kg added Se) + 500 mg/kg added MCE; and (4) Combined group, basic diet (0.00 mg/kg added Se) + 0.50 mg/kg added nano-Se and 500 mg/kg added MCE. The activities of serum SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px of sows and IUGR piglets were significantly increased in MCE group and combined group, and the MDA content was extremely decreased. There were extreme differences in serum IgG level of sows and IUGR piglets, colostrum, and serum IgM level of IUGR piglets in MCE group and combined group compared with CON group. Maternal combined diets increased greatly the levels of serum IL-10 and IFN-γ of sows and IUGR piglets, and decreased extremely the contents of serum IL-1β and TNF-α. MCE alone or combination with nano-Se in sow diets decreased greatly mRNA level of Hsp70 and increased mRNA level of Hsp27 in sows and IUGR piglets. In conclusion, nano-Se and/or MCE can be added to sow diets for the amelioration of HS-induced oxidative damage through improving immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- Swine Research Institute, Tie Qi Li Shi Group Co, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Mingdong Fan
- Swine Research Institute, Tie Qi Li Shi Group Co, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | | | - Yachao Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Scott MB, Styring AK, McCullagh JSO. Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Microbiome Interactions and Cellular Effects on Health in Humans and Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070770. [PMID: 35890016 PMCID: PMC9324685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds have a variety of functions in plants including protecting them from a range of abiotic and biotic stresses such as pathogenic infections, ionising radiation and as signalling molecules. They are common constituents of human and animal diets, undergoing extensive metabolism by gut microbiota in many cases prior to entering circulation. They are linked to a range of positive health effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and disease-specific activities but the relationships between polyphenol bio-transformation products and their interactions in vivo are less well understood. Here we review the state of knowledge in this area, specifically what happens to dietary polyphenols after ingestion and how this is linked to health effects in humans and animals; paying particular attention to farm animals and pigs. We focus on the chemical transformation of polyphenols after ingestion, through microbial transformation, conjugation, absorption, entry into circulation and uptake by cells and tissues, focusing on recent findings in relation to bone. We review what is known about how these processes affect polyphenol bioactivity, highlighting gaps in knowledge. The implications of extending the use of polyphenols to treat specific pathogenic infections and other illnesses is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Scott
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - Amy K. Styring
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Cottrell JJ, Le HH, Artaiz O, Iqbal Y, Suleria HA, Ali A, Celi P, Dunshea FR. Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants are integral components of pig and poultry feed, and aside from their raw nutritive value, some phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds. The aim of the present paper is to review recent advances in the use of some phytochemicals in pig and poultry feed, focusing on the examples of isoquinoline alkaloids, polyphenol rich sugarcane extracts and superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp extracts. As gut health is critical for efficient production, the review will focus on recent results modulating oxidative stress within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential mechanisms of action.
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Curcumin Alleviates IUGR Jejunum Damage by Increasing Antioxidant Capacity through Nrf2/Keap1 Pathway in Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010041. [PMID: 31878265 PMCID: PMC7022777 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is usually defined as fetal growth below the 10th percentile for gestational age and results in impaired growth and development of the fetus and/or its organs during gestation. IUGR not only has a permanent effect on postnatal growth and long-term health, but also results in high fetal mortality and morbidity. Recent results have demonstrated that IUGR can cause jejunum damage in piglets. The jejunum is not only the main organ for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also an immune organ in the body. However, few effective methods to alleviate jejunum damage and oxidative stress in IUGR pigs have been found. In recent years, studies have found that curcumin (CUR) may be an effective and safe feed additive for regulating oxidative stress in the body. Our results indicated that dietary added 200 mg/kg curcumin to the basal diet can increase the antioxidant capacity of the IUGR growing pigs, jejunum and alleviate the damage in jejunum of the IUGR growing pigs. Therefore, the use of curcumin as a feed additive has certain economic value. Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of curcumin on IUGR jejunum damage. A total of 24 IUGR and 12 normal-birth weight (NBW) female crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) piglets were randomly assigned into three groups at weaning (26 days): IUGR group, NBW group, and IUGR + CUR group, which were fed diets containing 0 mg/kg (NBW), 0 mg/kg (IUGR) and 200 mg/kg (IUGR + CUR) curcumin from 26 to 115 days of age. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum of IUGR pigs (p < 0.05). Results of real-time PCR showed that the IUGR + CUR group significantly increased the gene expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (p < 0.05), and increased the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) mRNA expression compared with the IUGR group (p < 0.05). Western blot results showed that dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly increased the protein levels of Nrf2 and NQO1. Compared with the IUGR group, pigs in IUGR + CUR group showed significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) (p < 0.05), and increased the interleukin-2 (IL-2) level (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase3), BCL2-associated X protein (bax), B-cellCLL/lymphoma 2 (bcl2), and heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA expression, and increased occludin (ocln) mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg curcumin can alleviate jejunum damage in IUGR growing pigs, through Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
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The effects of superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp concentrate on inflammation, antioxidant status and growth performance of challenged post-weaning piglets. Animal 2018; 13:136-143. [PMID: 29909802 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets can often suffer impaired antioxidant status and poor immune response during post-weaning, especially when chronic inflammation takes place, leading to lower growth rates than expected. Oral administration of dietary antioxidant compounds during this period could be a feasible way to balance oxidation processes and increase health and growth performance. The aim of the trial was to study the effects of an antioxidant feed supplement (melon pulp concentrate) that contains high concentration of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) on inflammation, antioxidant status and growth performance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged weaned piglets. In total, 48 weaned piglets were individually allocated to four experimental groups in a 2×2 factorial design for 29 days. Two different dietary treatments were adopted: (a) control (CTR), fed a basal diet, (b) treatment (MPC), fed the basal diet plus 30 g/ton of melon pulp concentrate. On days 19, 21, 23 and 25 half of the animals within CTR and MPC groups were subjected to a challenge with intramuscular injections of an increasing dosage of LPS from Escherichia coli (serotype 0.55:B5) (+) or were injected with an equal amount of PBS solution (-). Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the trial and under the challenge period for interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor α, haptoglobin, plasma SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species, red blood cells and plasma resistance to haemolysis, and 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. Growth performance was evaluated weekly. A positive effect of melon pulp concentrate was evidenced on total antioxidant capacity, half-haemolysis time of red blood cells, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake, while LPS challenge increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and haptoglobin serum concentrations, with a reduced feed intake and gain : feed (G : F). The obtained results show that oral SOD supplementation with melon pulp concentrate ameliorates the total antioxidant capacity and the half-haemolysis time in red blood cell of post-weaning piglets, with positive results on growing performance.
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Lallès JP. Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level, health and nutrition. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:66. [PMID: 27833747 PMCID: PMC5101664 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems: intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and inducible heat shock proteins (iHSPs). Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs), metabolites (e.g. n-butyrate) or secreted signal molecules (e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate). IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients (protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber), and specific minerals (e.g. calcium) and vitamins (e.g. vitamins K1 and K2). Some food components (e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols) may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the microbiota-host epithelial crosstalk and subsequent gut protection through IAP and iHSPs are reviewed along with their nutritional modulation. Special emphasis is also given to the pig, an economically important species and valuable biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lallès
- Division of Human Nutrition Division, INRA Clermont-Ferrand, France ; Human Nutrition Research Center - West, Nantes, France ; Present Address: INRA - SDAR, Domaine de la Motte, B.P. 35327, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
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Royer E, Barbé F, Guillou D, Rousselière Y, Chevaux E. Development of an oxidative stress model in weaned pigs highlighting plasma biomarkers' specificity to stress inducers1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Royer
- Pôle Techniques d'Elevage, IFIP-Institut du Porc, Toulouse, France
| | - F. Barbé
- Research and Development Department, Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - D. Guillou
- Research and Development Department, Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - Y. Rousselière
- Pôle Techniques d'Elevage, IFIP-Institut du Porc, Toulouse, France
| | - E. Chevaux
- Research and Development Department, Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
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Guidetti G, Di Cerbo A, Giovazzino A, Rubino V, Palatucci AT, Centenaro S, Fraccaroli E, Cortese L, Bonomo MG, Ruggiero G, Canello S, Terrazzano G. In Vitro Effects of Some Botanicals with Anti-Inflammatory and Antitoxic Activity. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5457010. [PMID: 27597982 PMCID: PMC5002466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5457010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity. In addition, we evaluated the effect of such botanicals in contrasting the in vitro proinflammatory toxicity of OTC. Our results showed a significant reduction in interferon- (INF-) γ production by human and canine lymphocytes in presence of botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). Increased INF-γ production, dependent on 24-hour OTC-incubation of T lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by the coincubation with Haematococcus pluvialis, with Glycine max, and with the mix of all botanicals ((⁎) p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of these botanicals was shown to be able to contrast OTC-toxicity and could represent a new approach for the development of functional foods useful to enhance the standard pharmacological treatment in infections as well as in preventing or reducing the emergence of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianandrea Guidetti
- Division of Research and Development, SANYpet SpA, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, “G. d'Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sara Centenaro
- Division of Research and Development, SANYpet SpA, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Italy
| | - Elena Fraccaroli
- Division of Research and Development, SANYpet SpA, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Canello
- Division of Research and Development, SANYpet SpA, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Carillon J, Barbé F, Barial S, Saby M, Sacy A, Rouanet JM. Diet supplementation with a specific melon concentrate improves oviduct antioxidant defenses and egg characteristics in laying hens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1898-904. [PMID: 27143774 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a specific melon concentrate on oviduct antioxidant defenses and egg characteristics of laying hens.Lohmann Brown hens were assigned to 2 treatment groups (n = 16 in each). One group was supplemented with the melon concentrate (26 mg/kg of feed) during 6 wk. The other group was composed of untreated hens, which served as control. Eggs were collected, weighed (yolk, albumen, shell), and analyzed (Haugh unit and albumen pH relevant for egg freshness) at the end of the supplementation period. Antioxidant status was evaluated in the oviduct measuring antioxidant enzymes by western blotting.This study demonstrated that the melon concentrate could ameliorate egg weight, and particularly yolk contribution to egg weight and egg shell weight. An increase in endogenous antioxidant defenses in the oviduct after this melon concentrate supplementation could explain the better egg characteristics. The improvement of egg quality, due to melon concentrate, may have important economic implications for future breeding programs, particularly if these effects generalize from hens to other poultry species, or even other livestock animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carillon
- Bionov Research, Montpellier, France UMR Nutripass, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F Barbé
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - S Barial
- UMR Nutripass, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Saby
- UMR Nutripass, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Sacy
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | - J-M Rouanet
- UMR Nutripass, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Arnal ME, Lallès JP. Gut epithelial inducible heat-shock proteins and their modulation by diet and the microbiota. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:181-97. [PMID: 26883882 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of metabolic diseases has raised questions about the interplay between the human diet and the gut and its microbiota. The gut has two vital roles: nutrient absorption and intestinal barrier function. Gut barrier defects are involved in many diseases. Excess energy intake disturbs the gut microbiota and favors body entry of microbial compounds that stimulate chronic metabolic inflammation. In this context, the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells and the potential to boost them nutritionally warrant further study. One such important defense system is the activation of inducible heat-shock proteins (iHSPs) which protect the gut epithelium against oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, various microbial components can induce the expression of iHSPs. This review examines gut epithelial iHSPs as the main targets of microbial signals and nutrients and presents data on diseases involving disturbances of gut epithelial iHSPs. In addition, a broad literature analysis of dietary modulation of gut epithelial iHSPs is provided. Future research aims should include the identification of gut microbes that can optimize gut-protective iHSPs and the evaluation of iHSP-mediated health benefits of nutrients and food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Edith Arnal
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lallès
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France.
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Carillon J, Rouanet JM, Cristol JP, Brion R. Superoxide dismutase administration, a potential therapy against oxidative stress related diseases: several routes of supplementation and proposal of an original mechanism of action. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2718-28. [PMID: 23793992 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, involved in many diseases, is defined as an impaired balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role in diminishing oxidative stress. Thus, the removal of ROS by exogenous SODs could be an effective preventive strategy against various diseases. The poor bioavailability of exogenous SODs has been criticized. However, improvements in SOD formulation may overcome this limitation and boost interest in its therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a review of animal and human studies about SODs supplementation in order to evaluate their therapeutic value. Protective effects have been observed against irradiation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and neurodegeneration. SODs administration has also been reported to alleviate inflammatory, infectious, respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and genitourinary and fertility disorders, raising the question of its mechanism of action in these diverse situations. Some authors have shown an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes after exogenous SODs administration. The induction of endogenous antioxidant defence and, consequently, a decrease in oxidative stress, could explain all the effects observed. Further investigations need to be carried out to test the hypothesis that SODs supplementation acts by inducing an endogenous antioxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, Montpellier, France
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