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Millatina NRN, Calle JLP, Barea-Sepúlveda M, Setyaningsih W, Palma M. Detection and quantification of cocoa powder adulteration using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with chemometrics approach. Food Chem 2024; 449:139212. [PMID: 38583399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The rising demand for cocoa powder has resulted in an upsurge in market prices, leading to the emergence of adulteration practices aimed at achieving economic benefits. This study aimed to detect and quantify cocoa powder adulteration using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS). The adulterants used in this study were powdered carob, cocoa shell, foxtail millet, soybean, and whole wheat. The NIRS data could not be resolved using Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Nevertheless, the application of a random forest and support vector machine successfully classified the samples with 100% accuracy. Quantification of adulteration using partial least squares (PLS), Lasso, Ridge, elastic Net, and RF regressions provided R2 higher than 0.96 and root mean square error <2.6. Coupling PLS with the Boruta algorithm produced the most reliable regression model (R2 = 1, RMSE = 0.0000). Finally, an online application was prepared to facilitate the determination of adulterants in the cocoa powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Rifda Nur Millatina
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - José Luis Pérez Calle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Widiastuti Setyaningsih
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia..
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Metro D, Corallo F, Cardile D, Gembillo G, Manasseri L, Santoro D, Buda M, Calabrò RS, Bonanno L. What about the Use of Ice Cream as a Supplementary Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease? A Case-Control Study. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38804378 PMCID: PMC11130937 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can extend life expectancy and improve a person's health status. In addition to physical activity and bad habits related to smoking and alcohol, diet is also a determining factor. Following a healthy diet pattern over time and supporting a healthy body weight contributes to reducing the risk of developing more severe complications associated with very common diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans promote the adoption of fat-free or low-fat diets and discourage the consumption of foods with added sugar and solid fats, such as ice creams and other frozen desserts. On the other hand, ice cream, from a nutritional and healthy point of view, can be considered a possible food choice, due to its greater palatability and high nutritional content, but its consumption must be scheduled in a balanced diet. In this retrospective study, 36 patients with chronic renal failure were enrolled. Two different diets were proposed (A and B). In Diet B, lemon sorbet was added twice a week as an alternative food to replace fruit or snacks making the diet more varied and palatable. Nutritional status and biohumoral, immunological, and blood parameters were evaluated after 6 months. A statistical analysis shows a significant inter-group difference in creatinine and azotemia between T0 and T1. Intra-group significant differences were found in lymphocytes (p = 0.005) and azotemia (p < 0.001) in Diet A, and in azotemia (p < 0.001) and transferrin (p < 0.001) in Diet B. The results indicated that ice cream represented a good alternative food in both groups of patients regarding nutritional values and patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the treatment with ice cream allowed for better control of azotemia, maintaining stable levels even in patients with advanced CKD. This study concludes that ice cream could exert beneficial effects in addition to CKD patients' dietary regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Davide Cardile
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Manasseri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department Oncological D.A.I., UOC of General Surgery—Oncology, 98125 Messina, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Martina Buda
- Department Oncological D.A.I., UOC of General Surgery—Oncology, 98125 Messina, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (F.C.); (D.C.); (L.B.)
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SONE R, NAKAZAWA S, OHISHI K. Efficacy of mineral-rich antioxidant supplements on oxidative stress markers and exercise performance. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Moslemi E, Dehghan P, Khani M. The effect of date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and performance in active people: A blinded randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 28:100951. [PMID: 35769196 PMCID: PMC9234073 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient training method to improve vascular function, maximal oxygen consumption, and muscle mitochondrial capacity while maximizing muscular damage. Recently, functional foods have been considered a practical approach to avoiding HIIT damage and improving sports performance. Thus, the present study will evaluate the effectiveness of date seed powder as a functional food on the nutritional, oxidative stress, anti/inflammatory status, mental health, and performance of active people. Methods This study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which will be conducted among recreational runners at Tabriz stadiums, Iran. Thirty-six recreational runners will be randomly selected into two groups to consume 26 g/d date seed powder or placebo for 14 days. Both groups will do HIIT workouts. Body composition, food intake, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), uric acid, protein carbonyl (PC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6/IL-10, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin (MYO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, cortisol, muscle pain, aerobic and anaerobic performance will be evaluated at the beginning, end of the intervention and 24 h later. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of TBZMED (No.IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.1011). This research's findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (www.IRCT.ir/, IRCT20150205020965N9). Date seed powder may have the potential to improve exercise performance in healthy and active subjects performing HIIT bouts. The date seed is known as an excellent functional food due to its being high in polyphenols, and total dietary fiber. The consumption of date seed powder would improve oxidative stress, inflammation, mental health and performance. The results of this trial can be used to provide evidence-based recommendations for recreational runners, and nutritionists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Khani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Cao G, Yu Y, Wang H, Liu J, Zhang X, Yu Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang C. Effects of Oral Administration of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceus) Leaf Flavonoids on the Antioxidant Capacity, Caecal Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Gallus gallus domesticus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:848532. [PMID: 35308272 PMCID: PMC8930276 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.848532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLFs) as novel dietary antioxidants has increased owing to their beneficial biological and pharmacological functions. This study assessed the in vivo effects of BLFs on antioxidant capacity, as well as caecal microbiota, serum metabolome, and health status. The Gallus gallus domesticus model and the oral administration approach were used with four treatment groups (basal diet, basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg, basal diet with 50 mg BLF/kg, and basal diet with 250 mg BLF/kg). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis indicated that vitexin, fumaric acid, orientin, isoorientin, and p-coumaric acid were the predominant BLF components. From days 1 to 21, BLF increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed:gain of broilers. Moreover, BLF enhanced the serum antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Further, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that BLF modulated the caecal microbial community structure, which was dominated by Betaproteobacteriales, Erysipelatoclostridium, Parasutterella, Lewinella, Lactobacillus, and Candidatus Stoquefichus in BLF broilers. Among the 22 identified serum metabolites in BLF broilers, sphinganine, indole-3-acetaldehyde retinol, choline, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid, and L-phenylalanine were recognised as biomarkers. In summary, BLFs appeared to modulate the caecal microbiome, alter the serum metabolome, and indirectly improve antioxidant capacity and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhanming Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Anji, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caimei Yang,
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Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Camellia synensis extracts on microbial, antioxidant and sensory properties of ice cream. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:735-744. [PMID: 35185188 PMCID: PMC8814224 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbal extracts have been widely used by consumers for food fortification and medical purposes worldwide and are focused in traditional medicine in recent years. At this study, we aimed to examine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of ice creams fortified with different combinations of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Camellia synensis determined by Design of Experiments software. Levels of 10-100 and 40-400 mg/kg for Hibiscus sabdariffa and Camellia synensis extracts, respectively, were selected and experiments were conducted by central composite design. Generally, 13 runs were introduced by the software and followed in laboratory for analysis. Antimicrobial activity was studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as indicators of gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Results showed that all combinations were active against both bacteria but Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive than Escherichia coli. Importantly, Camellia synensis was more effective than Hibiscus sabdariffa in both antimicrobial and antioxidant experiments but sensory panelists selected the sample containing lowest concentrations of both extracts. However, frequent consumption of low-dose fortified dairies with Hibiscus sabdariffa and Camellia synensis could be helpful for consumers interested in functional foods.
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Hu Y, Fan YC, Jiang XH, Zhou LM, Cheng ZJ. A ratiometric fluorescent sensing of proanthocyanidins by MnO 2 nanosheets simultaneously tuning the photoluminescence of Au/AgNCs and thiamine. Talanta 2021; 234:122607. [PMID: 34364420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
By simultaneously regulating the photoluminescence of alloy Au/Ag nanoclusters (NCs) and thiamine (VB1) through MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NS), a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (RF-probe) was established for sensitively and selectively monitoring proanthocyanidins (PAs). The introduction of Ag (I) ions could enhance significantly the quantum yields (QYs, 11.1%) of AuNCs based on the synthetic method of UVI (UV irradiation) combined with MWH (microwave heating). MnO2 NS could quench the fluorescence (FL) of Au/AgNCs mainly coming from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), while it could act as a nanozyme catalyst for directly catalyzing the oxidation of VB1 to produce highly fluorescent oxVB1. In the presence of PAs, MnO2 was reduced to Mn2+, which caused that its quenching capacity and oxidase-like activity were vanished, thus the FL of oxVB1 and Au/AgNCs was reduced and recovered. The concentration of PAs could be monitored by the RF-probe with a linear range of 0.27-22.4 μmol L-1 and corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 75.9 and 250.5 nmol L-1. Furthermore, the RF-probe was successfully used for the determination of PAs in mineral water, PAs additive and PAs capsule with satisfactory results compared to the standard HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Yu-Cong Fan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Cheng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China.
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Curci F, Cavalluzzi MM, Milani G, Clodoveo ML, Radojčić Redovniković I, Cellamare S, Franchini C, Mandracchia D, Corbo F. Phyllostachys Pubescens: From Traditional to Functional Food. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1933020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M. M. Cavalluzzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G. Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M. L. Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - S. Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - C. Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F. Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Henning T, Weber D. Redox biomarkers in dietary interventions and nutritional observation studies - From new insights to old problems. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101922. [PMID: 33756398 PMCID: PMC8020480 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review is to give an overview on recently published articles investigating the associations of diet and dietary interventions with biomarkers of oxidative stress with special emphasis on different categories of redox biomarkers. Findings Intervention and observational studies both in healthy participants and patients that investigated associations of dietary habits, foodstuffs or isolated nutrients with biomarkers of oxidative stress were included in this review. Recently published observation studies confirm the inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and oxidative stress markers. Studies investigating the effect of vitamin D and vitamin E, magnesium, zinc, chromium, selenium, probiotic supplementation and several phytochemicals reported consistent changes in redox biomarkers. Of 88 articles included in this review, only seven studies measured biomarkers from the three categories: oxidative damage, endogenous antioxidants, and exogenous antioxidants. Many studies rely on controversial assays for total antioxidant capacity, thus there is potential in many studies to improve biomarker repertoire to cover all three categories of biomarkers and to turn away from such assays. Oxidative stress can be assessed by specific biomarker categories. Three biomarker categories: oxidative damage, endogenous, exogenous antioxidants. Only seven studies performed measurements of all three biomarker categories. TAC, TRAP, FRAP, ORAC should not be used as stand-alone redox marker. Several interventions reported improvements in markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Henning
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Tea consumption and its effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: Qualitative synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:77-87. [PMID: 33487310 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a general interest in understanding how the consumption of tea impacts cardiovascular function in individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current review focuses on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on associations between tea consumption and endothelial function, in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases/search engines were used to identify eligible studies. Included studies had to report on the impact of tea supplementation of endothelial function or CAD related markers. In addition to flow-mediated dilation (FMD), makers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein were considered as determinants of endothelial function. A total of 34 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and these reported on the impact of tea consumption on endothelial function in individuals at risk of CVD or patients with CAD. RESULTS The current qualitative synthesis of literature demonstrates that beyond enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability and lowering blood pressure, regular consumption of tea and its active ingredients such as epigallocatechin gallate may be beneficial in reducing markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the reduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels, could be a sign of improved endothelial function in individuals at increased risk of developing CVD. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidence also suggests that the development of epigallocatechin gallate as a nutraceutical or enriching foods with this bioactive compound could be a feasible strategy to improve endothelial function and lower CVD-risk. However, well-designed RCTs are still necessary to confirm long-term benefits of tea consumption on vascular health.
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Costa MS, Toscano LT, Toscano LDLT, Luna VR, Torres RA, Silva JA, Silva AS. Ergogenic potential of foods for performance and recovery: a new alternative in sports supplementation? A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1480-1501. [PMID: 33226268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1844137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been studies in the literature reporting the ergogenic effect of some different foods on sports performance. Given the reasonable number of studies in which some food has shown improvement in some physiological variables related to physical performance, a review is pertinent in order to produce a compilation of these studies, providing new elements for athletes and coaches which aim to optimize their performance. Thus, the objective of this work was to present a systematic review of the findings regarding the potential ergogenic effect of food for athletes. Researchers performed a double-blind research in Medline/PubMed considering articles published until January 2019 which resulted in 71 articles. Increased time until exhaustion, improved aerobic capacity and strength recovery were the most commonly reported physical effects. In general, food showed equal or superior ergogenic activity over supplements. Although the number of foods investigated is reasonable, there is still no body of evidence for each studied food, except beets. The current data support the possibility of certain foods being able to enhance athletic performance, as well as serving as an energy source. However, a larger volume of studies is needed to form a body of evidence on each of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus S Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luciana T Toscano
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rayanne A Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Janilson A Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Di Pietro N, Baldassarre MPA, Cichelli A, Pandolfi A, Formoso G, Pipino C. Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6381380. [PMID: 33133348 PMCID: PMC7593735 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gloria Formoso
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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de Lima Tavares Toscano L, Silva AS, de França ACL, de Sousa BRV, de Almeida Filho EJB, da Silveira Costa M, Marques ATB, da Silva DF, de Farias Sena K, Cerqueira GS, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M. A single dose of purple grape juice improves physical performance and antioxidant activity in runners: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2997-3007. [PMID: 31732851 PMCID: PMC7755635 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a single dose of juice on physical performance, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage in runners. METHODS Fourteen recreational male runners (39 ± 9 years, VO2peak = 55.9 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) performed two running tests to exhaustion at 80% of VO2max after ingesting grape juice or a placebo drink (10 ml/kg/day) randomly. Blood samples were taken before and 2 h after supplementation and immediately after running to analyze total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). RESULTS The participants ran for an average of 59.2 ± 27.8 min until exhaustion in the placebo group and for 68.4 ± 29.7 min until exhaustion in the grape juice intake group, which was a significantly longer time (p = 0.008). This improvement in physical performance was accompanied by a 43.6% increase in TAC (p = 0.000) at the post-exercise timepoint compared to the level at baseline. MDA, A1GPA, hs-CRP, CK, and LDH did not exhibit changes. In contrast, no significant change in any variable was observed after consuming the placebo drink. CONCLUSION The single-dose intake of purple grape juice demonstrated an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by increasing run time to exhaustion and increasing antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carla Lima de França
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rafael Virgínio de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Eder Jackson Bezerra de Almeida Filho
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silveira Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Klécia de Farias Sena
- Laboratório de Estudos do Treinamento Físico Aplicado ao Desempenho e a Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, Brazil
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Robinson SA, O'Brien MW, Grandy SA, Heinze-Milne S, Kimmerly DS. Short-term supplement of virgin coconut oil improves endothelial-dependent dilation but not exercise-mediated hyperemia in young adults. Nutr Res 2019; 67:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cao SY, Zhao CN, Gan RY, Xu XY, Wei XL, Corke H, Atanasov AG, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea and Its Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E166. [PMID: 31174371 PMCID: PMC6617169 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are critical global public health issues with high morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have revealed that regular tea drinking is inversely associated with the risk of CVDs. Additionally, substantial in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have shown that tea and its bioactive compounds are effective in protecting against CVDs. The relevant mechanisms include reducing blood lipid, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing endothelial function, attenuating inflammation, and protecting cardiomyocyte function. Moreover, some clinical trials also proved the protective role of tea against CVDs. In order to provide a better understanding of the relationship between tea and CVDs, this review summarizes the effects of tea and its bioactive compounds against CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of action based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xin-Lin Wei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Chernyshova MP, Pristenskiy DV, Lozbiakova MV, Chalyk NE, Bandaletova TY, Petyaev IM. Systemic and skin-targeting beneficial effects of lycopene-enriched ice cream: A pilot study. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:14-25. [PMID: 30447975 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The health-promoting dietary antioxidant lycopene has limited natural bioavailability, but lycopene-rich functional foods can improve its bioavailability. We assessed a new lycopene-enriched ice cream for systemic antioxidant effects and influence on morphological characteristics of facial skin surface in healthy volunteers. In a randomized crossover study, we used 4-wk dietary interventions with either control or lycopene-enriched ice cream. Samples of serum and residual skin surface components (RSSC) from facial skin were taken before interventions, at 2 wk, and at intervention end. Lycopene concentration, conventional blood biochemistry, and oxidative stress biomarkers comprising inflammatory oxidative damage and low-density lipoprotein peroxidase proteins were assessed in the serum. Lycopene-associated immunofluorescence, lipid droplet size, corneocyte desquamation, and microbial presence were measured in the RSSC. The results show that lycopene concentrations in the serum and skin steadily increased during lycopene-enriched ice cream consumption. Whereas we found no intervention-dependent changes in conventional biochemical parameters, both inflammatory oxidative damage and low-density lipoprotein peroxidase protein values significantly decreased by the end of intervention with lycopene-enriched ice cream, but remained unchanged during control ice cream consumption. Control ice cream significantly increased corneocyte desquamation and bacterial presence in the RSSC. These adverse effects, which could potentially predispose consumers to acne development, were absent when volunteers consumed lycopene-enriched ice cream. We concluded that lycopene-enriched ice cream is a new functional food with clear antioxidant properties. In addition, enrichment with lycopene may alleviate proinflammatory action of ice cream at the level of facial skin, thus decreasing diet-associated acne development risk in young consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia E Chalyk
- Saratov State Medical University, Research Institute of Cardiology, 112 Bolshaya Kazachia Street, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | | | - Ivan M Petyaev
- Lycotec Ltd., Granta Park Campus, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, United Kingdom.
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Changing to a Low-Polyphenol Diet Alters Vascular Biomarkers in Healthy Men after Only Two Weeks. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111766. [PMID: 30441880 PMCID: PMC6267476 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive dietary compounds play a critical role in health maintenance. The relation between bioactive compound intake and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers has been demonstrated in several studies, although mainly with participants who have altered biochemical parameters (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, etc.). The aim of this study was to evaluate if adopting a diet low in polyphenol-rich food for two weeks would affect vascular biomarkers in healthy men. In a crossover study, 22 healthy men were randomly assigned to their usual diet (UD), consuming healthy food rich in polyphenols, or to a low antioxidant diet (LAD), with less than two servings of fruit and vegetables per day and avoiding the intake of cocoa products, coffee and tea. As a marker of compliance, total polyphenols in urine were significantly lower after the LAD than after the UD (79 ± 43 vs. 123 ± 58 mg GAE/g creatinine). Nitric oxide levels were also reduced (52 ± 28 in LAD vs. 80 ± 34 µM in UD), although no significant changes in cellular adhesion molecules and eicosanoids were observed; however, an increasing ratio between thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) was reached (p = 0.048). Thus, a slight dietary modification, reducing the consumption of polyphenol-rich food, may affect vascular biomarkers even in healthy individuals.
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Nirmala C, Bisht MS, Bajwa HK, Santosh O. Bamboo: A rich source of natural antioxidants and its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched and Hydroxyhydroquinone-Reduced Coffee on Postprandial Fat Oxidation and Antioxidative Capacity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040525. [PMID: 29690626 PMCID: PMC5946310 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) reduce blood pressure and body fat, and enhance fat metabolism. In roasted coffee, CGAs exist together with the oxidant component hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ). HHQ counteracts the antihypertensive effects of CGA, but its effects on CGA-induced fat oxidation (FOX) are unknown. Here we assessed the effects of CGA-enriched and HHQ-reduced coffee on FOX. Fifteen healthy male volunteers (age: 38 ± 8 years (mean ± SD); BMI: 22.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2) participated in this crossover study. Subjects consumed the test beverage (coffee) containing the same amount of CGA with HHQ (CGA-HHQ(+)) or without HHQ (CGA-HHQ(−)) for four weeks. Postprandial FOX and the ratio of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) to the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) as an indicator of oxidative stress were assessed. After the four-week intervention, postprandial FOX and the postprandial BAP/d-ROMs ratio were significantly higher in the CGA-HHQ(−) group compared with the CGA-HHQ(+) group (4 ± 23 mg/min, group effect: p = 0.040; 0.27 ± 0.74, group effect: p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, reducing the amount of HHQ facilitated the postprandial FOX effects of CGA in coffee. Our findings also suggest that the mechanism underlying the inhibition of FOX by HHQ is related to postprandial oxidative stress.
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Kord-Varkaneh H, Ghaedi E, Nazary-Vanani A, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Does cocoa/dark chocolate supplementation have favorable effect on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference? A systematic review, meta-analysis and dose-response of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2349-2362. [PMID: 29553824 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1451820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cocoa and dark chocolate (DC) have been reported to be effective for health promotion; however the exact effect of cocoa/DC on anthropometric measures have not been yet defined. Methods: A comprehensive search to identify randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of cocoa/DC on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was performed up to December 2017. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using random effects model to estimate pooled effect size. Fractional polynominal modeling was used to explore dose-response relationships. Results: A total of 35 RCTs investigated the effects of cocoa/DC on weight, BMI and WC were included. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant effect of cocoa/DC supplementation on body weight (-0.108 kg, 95% CI -0.262, 0.046 P = 0.168), BMI (-0.014 kg/m2 95% CI -0.105, 0.077, P: 0.759,) and WC (0.025 cm 95% CI -0.083, 0.129, P = 0.640). Subgroup analysis revealed that that weight and BMI were reduced with cocoa/DC supplementation ≥ 30 g chocolate per day in trials between 4-8 weeks. Cocoa/DC consumption resulted in WC reduction in non-linear fashion (r = 0.042, P-nonlinearity = 0.008).Conclusion: Cocoa/DC supplementation does not reduce anthropometric measures significantly. However subgroup analysis regarding dose (≥ 30 g/day) and duration (between 4 to 8 weeks) revealed significant reduction of body weight and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Nazary-Vanani
- b Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- c Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,d Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- a Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Effects of herbal extracts on quality traits of yogurts, cheeses, fermented milks, and ice creams: a technological perspective. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to about 50% of cardiovascular events worldwide and 37% of cardiovascular-related deaths in Western populations. Epidemiological studies suggest that cocoa-rich products reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavanols found in cocoa have been shown to increase the formation of endothelial nitric oxide which promotes vasodilation and therefore blood pressure reduction. Here we update previous meta-analyses on the effect of cocoa on blood pressure. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects on blood pressure of chocolate or cocoa products versus low-flavanol products or placebo in adults with or without hypertension when consumed for two weeks or longer. SEARCH METHODS This is an updated version of the review initially published in 2012. In this updated version, we searched the following electronic databases from inception to November 2016: Cochrane Hypertension Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase. We also searched international trial registries, and the reference lists of review articles and included trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of chocolate or cocoa products on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults for a minimum of two weeks duration. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risks of bias in each trial. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses on the included studies using Review Manager 5. We explored heterogeneity with subgroup analyses by baseline blood pressure, flavanol content of control group, blinding, age and duration. Sensitivity analyses explored the influence of unusual study design. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-five trials (including 40 treatment comparisons) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, we added 17 trials (20 treatment comparisons) to the 18 trials (20 treatment comparisons) in the previous version of this updated review.Trials provided participants with 30 to 1218 mg of flavanols (mean = 670 mg) in 1.4 to 105 grams of cocoa products per day in the active intervention group. The control group received either a flavanol-free product (n = 26 treatment comparisons) or a low-flavanol-containing cocoa powder (range 6.4 to 88 mg flavanols (mean = 55 mg, 13 treatment comparisons; 259 mg, 1 trial).Meta-analyses of the 40 treatment comparisons involving 1804 mainly healthy participants revealed a small but statistically significant blood pressure-reducing effect of flavanol-rich cocoa products compared with control in trials of two to 18 weeks duration (mean nine weeks):Mean difference systolic blood pressure (SBP) (95% confidence interval (CI): -1.76 (-3.09 to -0.43) mmHg, P = 0.009, n = 40 treatment comparisons, 1804 participants;Mean difference diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (95% CI): -1.76 (-2.57 to -0.94) mmHg, P < 0.001, n = 39 treatment comparisons, 1772 participants.Baseline blood pressure may play a role in the effect of cocoa on blood pressure. While systolic blood pressure was reduced significantly by 4 mmHg in hypertensive people (n = 9 treatment comparisons, 401 participants), and tended to be lowered in prehypertensive people (n= 8 treatment comparisons, 340 participants), there was no significant difference in normotensive people (n = 23 treatment comparisons, 1063 participants); however, the test for subgroup differences was of borderline significance (P = 0.08; I2 = 60%), requiring further research to confirm the findings.Subgroup meta-analysis by blinding suggested a trend towards greater blood pressure reduction in unblinded trials compared to double-blinded trials, albeit statistically not significant. Further research is needed to confirm whether participant expectation may influence blood pressure results. Subgroup analysis by type of control (flavanol-free versus low-flavanol control) did not reveal a significant difference.Whether the age of participants plays a role in the effect of cocoa on blood pressure, with younger participants responding with greater blood pressure reduction, needs to be further investigated.Sensitivity analysis excluding trials with authors employed by trials sponsoring industry (33 trials, 1482 participants) revealed a small reduction in effect size, indicating some reporting bias.Due to the remaining heterogeneity, which we could not explain in terms of blinding, flavanol content of the control groups, age of participants, or study duration, we downgraded the quality of the evidence from high to moderate.Results of subgroup analyses should be interpreted with caution and need to be confirmed or refuted in trials using direct randomised comparisons.Generally, cocoa products were highly tolerable, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal complaints and nausea being reported by 1% of participants in the active cocoa intervention group and 0.4% of participants in the control groups (moderate-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review provides moderate-quality evidence that flavanol-rich chocolate and cocoa products cause a small (2 mmHg) blood pressure-lowering effect in mainly healthy adults in the short term.These findings are limited by the heterogeneity between trials, which could not be explained by prespecified subgroup analyses, including blinding, flavanol content of the control groups, age of participants, or study duration. However, baseline blood pressure may play a role in the effect of cocoa on blood pressure; subgroup analysis of trials with (pre)hypertensive participants revealed a greater blood pressure-reducing effect of cocoa compared to normotensive participants with borderline significance.Long-term trials investigating the effect of cocoa on clinical outcomes are also needed to assess whether cocoa has an effect on cardiovascular events and to assess potential adverse effects associated with chronic ingestion of cocoa products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ried
- National Institute of Integrative Medicine21 Burwood RdHawthornMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3122
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of General PracticeAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5005
| | - Peter Fakler
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of General PracticeAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5005
| | - Nigel P Stocks
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of General PracticeAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5005
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