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Villagrán-Silva F, Lanas F, Huard N, Salazar LA. Body Composition and Its Interaction with Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical and Nutritional Parameters in Chilean Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Normal Weight. Nutrients 2024; 16:1559. [PMID: 38892493 PMCID: PMC11173841 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with bone mineral density and biochemical and nutritional parameters in Chilean adults with overweight/obesity and normal weight from La Araucanía region, Chile. A case-control study was conducted with 116 adults and volunteers from the PURE cohort, collecting sociodemographic data, BMI assessment, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition using the pentacompartmental model (5CM) and tricompartmental model (3CM) by DXA, as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Blood biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile), physical activity (PA) measured by GPAQ, and average dietary habits (R24h) were measured. In the overweight/obesity group, the 5CM and 3CM adipose mass were indirectly and moderately correlated with PA (p < 0.05), except in the male 5CM group. In the overweight/obesity group, muscle and fat-free mass (FFM) of the 5CM and 3CM correlated directly and moderately with blood fasting glucose (BFG) and BMD (p < 0.05), except in females, where FFM was not related to BMD but was related to residual mass (p < 0.01). Independent of gender and BMI, bone mineral content was positively and highly correlated with BMD (p < 0.0000). In the male overweight/obesity group, bone, skin, and residual mass were correlated with BFG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, for the assessment of non-athletic adult populations, more routine use of the 5CM in clinical practice is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villagrán-Silva
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (F.L.); (N.H.)
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2
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Bennett JP, Prado CM, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Evaluation of visceral adipose tissue thresholds for elevated metabolic syndrome risk across diverse populations: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024:e13767. [PMID: 38761009 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Beyond obesity, excess levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), although thresholds for increased risk vary based on population, regions of interest, and units of measure employed. We sought to determine whether a common threshold exists that is indicative of heightened MetS risk across all populations, accounting for sex, age, BMI, and race/ethnicity. A systematic literature review was conducted in September 2023, presenting threshold values for elevated MetS risk. Standardization equations harmonized the results from DXA, CT, and MRI systems to facilitate a comparison of threshold variations across studies. A total of 52 papers were identified. No single threshold could accurately indicate elevated risk for both males and females across varying BMI, race/ethnicity, and age groups. Thresholds fluctuated from 70 to 165.9 cm2, with reported values consistently lower in females. Generally, premenopausal females and younger adults manifested elevated risks at lower VAT compared to their older counterparts. Notably, Asian populations exhibited elevated risks at lower VAT areas (70-136 cm2) compared to Caucasian populations (85.6-165.9 cm2). All considered studies reported associations of VAT without accommodating covariates. No single VAT area threshold for elevated MetS risk was discernible post-harmonization by technology, units of measure, and region of interest. This review summarizes available evidence for MetS risk assessment in clinical practice. Further exploration of demographic-specific interactions between VAT area and other risk factors is imperative to comprehensively delineate overarching MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Aragão AAB, Bouskela E, Bottino DA. A cross-sectional study of adiposity by DXA and the relationship with endothelial function and low-grade inflammation. J Clin Densitom 2023; 26:101365. [PMID: 37005107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate body composition, especially visceral adipose tissue (VAT), by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and its relation to endothelial function investigated by venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). METHODOLOGY This is a cross sectional study in adults of both sexes divided into group 1 (BMI, 20-24.9, n=30), group 2 (BMI, 25-29.9, n=22), group 3 (BMI, 30-34.9, n=27) and group 4 (BMI, 35-39.9, n=22). VAT was analyzed, among other parameters of adiposity, by DXA Lunar iDXA, and co-related to endothelial function, anthropometric evaluation, cardiometabolic variables and hsCRP. For statistical analysis, tests of comparison between groups and correlation were performed using the software SPSS version 25. RESULTS Inverse correlation of TFT (total fat mass), % RFM (regional fat mass), FMI (fat mass index) and VAT were identified with increment of arterial blood flow in VOP, except the decrease of the latter, with increase of BMI, adiposity indexes, especially VAT, between groups. hsCRP values showed a direct correlation with progression of adiposity and VAT, between groups. CONCLUSIONS VAT progression, by DXA analysis, was associated with a decline in endothelial function and increase of inflammation, demonstrating potential use in early identification of individuals with cardiovascular risk (CVR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A B Aragão
- CClinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc),Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- CClinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc),Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Bottino
- CClinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc),Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bazzocchi A, Gazzotti S, Santarpia L, Madeddu C, Petroni ML, Aparisi Gómez MP. Editorial: Importance of body composition analysis in clinical nutrition. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1080636. [PMID: 36712513 PMCID: PMC9878674 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Alberto Bazzocchi
| | - Silvia Gazzotti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Santarpia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- IRCCS-S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand,Department of Radiology, IMSKE, Valencia, Spain
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Aparisi Gómez MP, Aparisi F, Morganti AG, Fanti S, Bazzocchi A. Effects of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on the Musculoskeletal System. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2022; 26:338-353. [PMID: 35654099 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of radiation and chemotherapy on the musculoskeletal (MSK) system are diverse, and interpretation may be challenging. The different lines of treatment have effects on diseased and normal marrow, and they may lead to complications that must be differentiated from recurrence or progression. This review analyzes the changes induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the MSK system in the adult and pediatric population, and the expected associated imaging findings. Treatments are often combined, so the effects may blend. Awareness of the spectrum of changes, complications, and their imaging appearances is paramount for the correct diagnosis. The assessment of body composition during and after treatment allows potential interventions to implement long-term outcomes and personalize treatments. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging provide information on body composition that can be incorporated into clinical pathways. We also address future perspectives in posttreatment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, IMSKE, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Aparisi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Vithas Nueve de Octubre, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessio Giuseppe Morganti
- Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, Alma Mater Studiroum Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, Alma Mater Studiroum Bologna University, Bologna, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Stamm E, Marques-Vidal P, Rodriguez EG, Vollenweider P, Hans D, Lamy O. Association of adiposity evaluated by anthropometric, BIA, and DXA measures with cardiometabolic risk factors in nonobese postmenopausal women: the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort. Menopause 2022; 29:450-459. [PMID: 35357367 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After menopause, body composition changes with body fat accumulation, and an increase in cardiometabolic risk factors. Total fat mass, regional fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) may be estimated with anthropometric measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of our study was to assess which measurement correlated best with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy nonobese postmenopausal women. METHODS The CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort included 1,500 postmenopausal women (age range 50-80). We analyzed correlations between: 1) measurements of body composition assessed by anthropometric measures, BIA, and DXA and 2) these measurements and different selected cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure, lipid markers (cholesterol subtypes and triglycerides), and metabolic markers (glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin). Spearman correlation coefficient, stepwise forward regression, and linear regression analyses were used to determine association between anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS In the 803 included participants (mean age 62.0 ± 7.1 y, mean body mass index 25.6 kg/m2 ± 4.4), correlations between total fat mass measured by BIA and total fat mass, android fat, gynoid fat, or VAT measured by DXA are very strong (from r = 0.531, [99% confidence interval (CI), 0.443-0.610] to r = 0.704, [99% CI, 0.640-0.758]). Body mass index and waist circumference have a higher correlation with VAT (r = 0.815, [99% CI, 0.772-0.851] and r = 0.823 [99% CI, 0.782-0.858], respectively) than BIA (r = 0.672 [99% CI, 0.603-0.731]). Among the anthropometric measurement and the measurements derived from DXA and BIA, VAT is the parameter most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. VAT better explains the variation of most of the cardiometabolic risk factors than age and treatment. For example, nearly 5% of the variability of the diastolic blood pressure (9.9 vs 4.9), nearly 15% of the variability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (20.3 vs 3.8) and triglyceride (21.1 vs 6.5), 25.3% of the variability of insulin (33.3 vs 8.1), and 37.5% of the variability of leptin (37.7 vs 1.1) were explained by VAT. CONCLUSIONS BIA seems not to be a good tool to assess VAT. At the population level, waist circumference and body mass index seem to be good tools to estimate VAT. VAT measured by DXA is the parameter most correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors and could become a component of the cardiometabolic marker on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stamm
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Bone Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Didier Hans
- Bone Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Lamy
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
- Bone Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Tavella T, Rampelli S, Guidarelli G, Bazzocchi A, Gasperini C, Pujos-Guillot E, Comte B, Barone M, Biagi E, Candela M, Nicoletti C, Kadi F, Battista G, Salvioli S, O’Toole PW, Franceschi C, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Santoro A. Elevated gut microbiome abundance of Christensenellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Rikenellaceae is associated with reduced visceral adipose tissue and healthier metabolic profile in Italian elderly. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-19. [PMID: 33557667 PMCID: PMC7889099 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1880221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by physiological changes affecting body composition and functionality, including accumulation of fat mass at the expense of muscle mass, with effects upon morbidity and quality of life. The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a key environmental modifier of human health that can modulate healthy aging and possibly longevity. However, its associations with adiposity in old age are still poorly understood. Here we profiled the gut microbiota in a well-characterized cohort of 201 Italian elderly subjects from the NU-AGE study, by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We then tested for association with body composition from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with a focus on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Dietary patterns, serum metabolome and other health-related parameters were also assessed. This study identified distinct compositional structures of the elderly gut microbiota associated with DXA parameters, diet, metabolic profiles and cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Guidarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasperini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Plateforme d’Exploration Du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Battista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,CONTACT Silvia Turroni
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Pereira-Manfro WF, Lima GRD, Nogueira Neto JF, Portugal MRC, Milagres LG, Bezerra FF, Faerstein E, Koury JC. Association between visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and plasma inflammatory markers and score for cardiovascular risk prediction in a Brazilian cohort: Pró-Saúde Study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11521. [PMID: 34730680 PMCID: PMC8555454 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with various metabolic disorders, and adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in their pathogenesis. This study investigated associations between VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ratio, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular (CV) risk-score in adults. Plasma levels of adipokines, plasma lipid profile, blood pressure, and body composition (using dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry) were determined. CV risk-score based on the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) score was calculated in a sample of 309 Brazilian civil servants aged <60 years. Participants' VAT/SAT ratio were categorized into quartiles. Among males, plasma leptin (2.8 ng/mL) and C reactive protein (CRP) (0.2 mg/dL) (P<0.05) levels were higher at P75 and P50 than P5, and the highest calculated CV risk-score was observed at P75 (7.1%). Among females, higher plasma adiponectin levels were observed at P25 (54.3 ng/mL) compared with P75 (36 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Higher plasma CRP levels were observed at P75 (0.4 mg/dL) compared with P5 (0.1 mg/dL) (P<0.05). Higher CV risk-score was observed at P75 (2.0%) compared with P5 (0.7%). In both sexes, VAT and VAT/SAT ratio were directly associated with plasma leptin, CRP, and CV risk-score, and inversely associated with adiponectin; SAT was directly associated with plasma leptin and CRP (P<0.01); interleukin (IL)-10 and CRP were directly associated with adiponectin and leptin, respectively (P<0.05). Among men only, IL-10 (inversely) and CRP (directly) were associated with CV risk-score (P=0.02). Our results strengthened the relevance of the VAT/SAT ratio in cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Pereira-Manfro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - G R de Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J F Nogueira Neto
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M R C Portugal
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brasil
| | - L G Milagres
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F F Bezerra
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Faerstein
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J C Koury
- Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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9
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The role of body composition assessment in obesity and eating disorders. Eur J Radiol 2020; 131:109227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Aparisi Gómez MP, Ayuso Benavent C, Simoni P, Aparisi F, Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Fat and bone: the multiperspective analysis of a close relationship. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1614-1635. [PMID: 32742956 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2020.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of bone has for many years been focused on the study of its mineralized component, and one of the main objects of study as radiology developed as a medical specialty. The assessment has until recently been almost limited to its role as principal component of the scaffolding of the human body. Bone is a very active tissue, in continuous cross-talk with other organs and systems, with functions that are endocrine and paracrine and that have an important involvement in metabolism, ageing and health in general. Bone is also the continent for the bone marrow, in the form of "yellow marrow" (mainly adipocytes) or "red marrow" (hematopoietic cells and adipocytes). Recently, numerous studies have focused on these adipocytes contained in the bone marrow, often referred to as marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Bone marrow adipocytes do not only work as storage tissue, but are also endocrine and paracrine cells, with the potential to contribute to local bone homeostasis and systemic metabolism. Many metabolic disorders (osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes) have a complex and still not well-established relationship with MAT. The development of imaging methods, in particular the development of cross-sectional imaging has helped us to understand how much more laid beyond our classical way to look at bone. The impact on the mineralized component of bone in some cases (e.g., osteoporosis) is well-established, and has been extensively analyzed and quantified through different radiological methods. The application of advanced magnetic resonance techniques has unlocked the possibility to access the detailed study, characterization and quantification of the bone marrow components in a non-invasive way. In this review, we will address what is the evidence on the physiological role of MAT in normal skeletal health (interaction with the other bone components), during the process of normal aging and in the context of some metabolic disorders, highlighting the role that imaging methods play in helping with quantification and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez
- Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Radiology, Hospital Vithas Nueve de Octubre, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Paolo Simoni
- Department of Radiology, "Reine Fabiola" Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francisco Aparisi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Vithas Nueve de Octubre, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Guglielmi G, Bazzocchi A. Body composition imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1576-1579. [PMID: 32742952 PMCID: PMC7378092 DOI: 10.21037/qims-2019-bc-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Lee G, Chang J, Hwang SS, Son JS, Park SM. Development and validation of prediction equations for the assessment of muscle or fat mass using anthropometric measurements, serum creatinine level, and lifestyle factors among Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 15:95-105. [PMID: 33542795 PMCID: PMC7838475 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The measurement of body composition, including muscle and fat mass, remains challenging in large epidemiological studies due to time constraint and cost when using accurate modalities. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate prediction equations according to sex to measure lean body mass (LBM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and body fat mass (BFM) using anthropometric measurement, serum creatinine level, and lifestyle factors as independent variables and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as the reference method. SUBJECTS/METHODS A sample of the Korean general adult population (men: 7,599; women: 10,009) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011 was included in this study. The participants were divided into the derivation and validation groups via a random number generator (with a ratio of 70:30). The prediction equations were developed using a series of multivariable linear regressions and validated using the Bland–Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The initial and practical equations that included age, height, weight, and waist circumference had a different predictive ability for LBM (men: R2 = 0.85, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.78, SEE = 2.2 kg), ASM (men: R2 = 0.81, SEE = 1.6 kg; women: R2 = 0.71, SEE = 1.2 kg), and BFM (men: R2 = 0.74, SEE = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.83, SEE = 2.2 kg) according to sex. Compared with the first prediction equation, the addition of other factors, including serum creatinine level, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use, resulted in an R2 that is higher by 0.01 and SEE that is lower by 0.1. CONCLUSIONS All equations had low bias, moderate agreement based on the Bland–Altman plot, and high ICC, and this result showed that these equations can be further applied to other epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Kerkadi A, Suleman D, Abu Salah L, Lotfy C, Attieh G, Bawadi H, Shi Z. Adiposity Indicators as Cardio-Metabolic Risk Predictors in Adults from Country with High Burden of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:175-183. [PMID: 32021363 PMCID: PMC6983675 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s238748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Qatar more than 70% 0f the adults are overweight and obese. Different adiposity assessment methods have been proposed to identify individuals at cardio-metabolic risk. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare anthropometric indicators with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) -derived adiposity indicators in predicting cardio-metabolic risk among Qatari adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS A random sample of five hundred and fifty-eight (558) healthy Qatari adults (men and women) aged 20 to 50 years was obtained from Qatar Biobank survey data. Anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist circumference), the DXA-derived data, and cardio-metabolic (CM) risk parameters were analyzed. A Spearman partial correlation coefficient, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and an area under curve (AUC) were used to assess the predicting ability of adiposity indicators for CM risk factors. RESULTS Adiposity indices (anthropometric and DXA) were significantly correlated with most of the CM indicators (r= -0.292 to 0.486, p< 0.001). The AUC of waist to height ratio (WHtR) was significantly higher than that of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the prediction of low high density lipoprotein (HDL) (AUC=0.65, AUC=0.59; AUC=0.64), high low density lipoprotein (LDL) (AUC=0.67; AUC=0.62; AUC=0.66), high cholesterol (AUC=0.66; AUC=0.63; AUC=0.63), and high Homeostatic Model Assessment- (HOMA) (AUC= 0.81; AUC= 0.78; AUC=0.78). Among DXA- parameters, trunk fat had the highest AUCs for total cholesterol (AUC= 0.64, CI=0.56, 0.73), triglycerides and glucose index (TyG) (AUC=0.69, CI=0.64, 0.74), and HOMA (AUC=0.78, CI= 0.73, 0.84). CONCLUSION Results of the present study show that adiposity indicators (WC and WHtR) are clinically valuable tools to identify individuals at risk of CVD compared to DXA-derived parameters, while DXA can provide more accurate estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Kerkadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Abdelhamid Kerkadi Tel +974 4403 4806Fax +974 4403 4801 Email
| | - Dana Suleman
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lana Abu Salah
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christina Lotfy
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Grace Attieh
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ponti F, Santoro A, Mercatelli D, Gasperini C, Conte M, Martucci M, Sangiorgi L, Franceschi C, Bazzocchi A. Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31993018 PMCID: PMC6970947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by the chronic inflammatory status called "inflammaging", which shares major molecular and cellular features with the metabolism-induced inflammation called "metaflammation." Metaflammation is mainly driven by overnutrition and nutrient excess, but other contributing factors are metabolic modifications related to the specific body composition (BC) changes occurring with age. The aging process is indeed characterized by an increase in body total fat mass and a concomitant decrease in lean mass and bone density, that are independent from general and physiological fluctuations in weight and body mass index (BMI). Body adiposity is also re-distributed with age, resulting in a general increase in trunk fat (mainly abdominal fat) and a reduction in appendicular fat (mainly subcutaneous fat). Moreover, the accumulation of fat infiltration in organs such as liver and muscles also increases in elderly, while subcutaneous fat mass tends to decrease. These specific variations in BC are considered risk factors for the major age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and can predispose to disabilities. Thus, the maintenance of a balance rate of fat, muscle and bone is crucial to preserve metabolic homeostasis and a health status, positively contributing to a successful aging. For this reason, a detailed assessment of BC in elderly is critical and could be an additional preventive personalized strategy for age-related diseases. Despite BMI and other clinical measures, such as waist circumference measurement, waist-hip ratio, underwater weighing and bioelectrical impedance, are widely used as a surrogate measure for body adiposity, they barely reflect the distribution of body fat. Because of the great advantages offered by imaging tools in research and clinics, the attention of clinicians is now moving to powerful imaging techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound to obtain a more accurate estimation of BC. The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of the imaging techniques that are currently available to measure BC and that can be applied to the study of BC changes in the elderly, outlining advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponti
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aurelia Santoro
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasperini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Rare Orthopedic Disease & CLIBI Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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