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Hanie MH, Mohammad Reza A, Mansoureh S, Fatemeh SB, Ali S. Exploring the impact of melatonin and omega-3, individually and in combination, on cognitive function, histological changes, and oxidant-antioxidant balance in male rats with dorsal CA1 hippocampal lesions. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149046. [PMID: 38821333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Damage to the hippocampus leads to increased anxiety, memory problems, and learning disabilities. Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, serves as an antioxidant and provides defense against nerve damage. Omega-3 (ω3) is known for improving brain function. This study aims to examine the impact of melatonin and omega-3, both individually and in combination, on cognitive function, histological changes, and the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in male rats with injuries to the dorsal CA1 hippocampus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five rat groups (n = 8) were examined. The sham group was given normal saline via intraperitoneal (ip) and gavage routes. After a local lesion in the hippocampus, the lesion group underwent the same treatment. The MLT group was given melatonin (10 mg/kg, ip), the ω3 group was provided with omega-3 (0.8 g/kg, gavage), and the MLT + ω3 group received both treatments. Injections were administered every other day for 10 days. On the 11th day, behavioral assessments were conducted, and then pyramidal cells were quantified using image analysis software. Serum samples were assessed for levels of oxidants and antioxidants. RESULTS The results from the open field test indicated a significant increase in distance moved in the Lesion + MLT + ω3 group compared to the lesion group (P < 0.05). Performance in the novel object recognition test showed improvement in the ω3 and MLT + ω3 treated groups compared to the lesion group (P < 0.05). Additionally, social interaction duration notably increased in the ω3, MLT, and MLT + ω3 treated groups compared to the lesion group. The number of degenerated cells in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 areas of the lesion group significantly increased compared to the sham group, but melatonin and omega-3 notably reduced this number (P < 0.05). The serum levels of the antioxidant enzymes,include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the lesion group notably changed compared to the sham group, but omega-3 effectively restored them to control levels. CONCLUSION According to increase in distance moved, memory function, learning and social interactions of the animal in the behavioral results and the reduction of degenerate cells in the histological results, it can be said that these effects may be part of the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3. The increase in levels of antioxidant enzymes, particularly omega-3, indicates their promise as therapeutic agents for reducing oxidative stress-induced damage in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudi Hashemi Hanie
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Afarinesh Mohammad Reza
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Sabzalizadeh Mansoureh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sheikh Bahaei Fatemeh
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shamsara Ali
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Srivastava K, Mickan BS, O'Connor J, Gurung SK, Moheimani NR, Jenkins SN. Development of a controlled release fertilizer by incorporating lauric acid into microalgal biomass: Dynamics on soil biological processes for efficient utilisation of waste resources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118392. [PMID: 37384987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Utilisation of microalgae to extract nutrients from the effluent of anaerobic digestion of food waste is an emerging technology. A by-product of this process is the microalgal biomass which has potential to be used as an organic bio-fertilizer. However, microalgal biomass are rapidly mineralized when applied to soil which may result in N loss. One solution is to emulsify microalgal biomass with lauric acid (LA) to delay the release of mineral N. This study aimed to investigate whether combining LA with microalgae to develop a new fertilizer product with a controlled release function of mineral N when applied to soil, and any potential impacts the bacterial community structure and activity. The treatments were applied to soil emulsified with LA and were combined with either microalgae or urea at rates of 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 50% LA, untreated microalgae or urea and unamended control were incubated at 25 °C and 40% water holding capacity for 28 days. Quantification of soil chemistry (NH4+-N, NO3--N, pH and EC), microbial biomass carbon, CO2 production and bacterial diversity were characterised at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration decreased with increasing rate of LA combined microalgae indicating that both N mineralization and nitrification were impacted. As a function of time, NH4+-N concentration increased up to 7 days for the microalgae at lower rates of LA, and then slowly decreased for 14 and 28 days, with an inverse relationship with soil NO3-N. Aligning with soil chemistry, an observed decrease in the predicted nitrification genes amoA·amoB and relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonadaceae) and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrospiraceae) with an increasing rate of LA with microalgae provides further support for possible inhibition of nitrification. The MBC and CO2 production was higher in the soil amended with increasing rates of LA combined microalgae and there was an increase in the relative abundance of fast-growing heterotrophs. Treating microalgae by emulsification with LA has the potential to control the release of N by increasing immobilization over nitrification and therefore it might be possible to engineer microalgae to match plant nutrient growth requirements whilst recovering waste from waste resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kautilya Srivastava
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, WA, Australia
| | - Bede S Mickan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, WA, Australia; Richgro Garden Products, 203 Acourt Rd, Jandakot, WA, 6164, Australia.
| | - James O'Connor
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, WA, Australia
| | - Sun Kumar Gurung
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, WA, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Discipline of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Sasha N Jenkins
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, WA, Australia
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Negi S, Anjum F, Khare S. Biotransformation of grease waste into fatty acid by Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 through media engineering and artificial neural network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39653-39665. [PMID: 36598719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of grease waste remains a challenging task. Current work deals with the biotransformation of grease waste into fatty acids under submerged fermentation using Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 through media formulation and artificial neural network (ANN). Fermentation media was formulated to ameliorate the uptake of hydrocarbon by enhancing alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) activity, extracellular release of fatty acids and inhibiting beta-oxidation of fatty acid by regulating transketolase. Further, the process parameters of fermentation were optimized through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using three critical variables viz; inoculum size (spores/ml), pH, and incubation time (days) while media engineering was done with the optimal supplementation of various medium components such as glucose, YPD, MnSO4, tetrahydrobiopterin (THB) and phloretin. The maximum conversion of 66.5% of grease waste into fatty acid was achieved at optimum conditions: inoculums size 3.36 × 107 spores/ml, incubation time 11.5 days, pH 7.2 along with formulated media composed of 1% grease in czapek-dox medium supplemented with 55.5 mM glucose, 0.5% YPD, 16.6 mM hexadecane, 1 mM MnSO4, 1 mM THB, and 1 mM phloretin. The presence of long-chain fatty acids in purified extracts such as oleic acid and octadecanoic acid as end products has valued the evolved process as another source of alternative fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India.
| | - Farhan Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
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Shrivas M, Khunt D, Shrivas M, Misra M. Studies on pomegranate seed oil enriched galantamine hydrobromide microemulsion: formulation, in vitro antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:153-163. [PMID: 36662596 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2171433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate seed oil with its high levels of phenolic compounds is known to exhibit neuroprotective effects. Delivering hydrophilic drugs to the brain is challenging since blood-brain barrier allows only a few lipophilic molecules into the brain, thus posing an additional barrier for drug delivery to the brain in conditions like Alzheimer's. The present study focuses on the preparation of the stable galantamine hydrobromide (GHBr) microemulsion (ME) using pomegranate seed oil (PSO) as an adjuvant. The developed ME was characterized for various physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and protective role against Amyloid Beta (1-42) oligomer-induced toxicity in IMR 32 cell line. GHBr and PSO ratio was optimized based on an in-vitro diffusion study and compatibility study using DSC and FTIR. The ME was prepared by the water titration method and optimized using the one variable at a time (OVAT) strategy. Globule size and PDI of GHBr PSO ME were found to be 200.36 ± 0.01 nm, and 0.219 ± 0.011 nm respectively. GHBr PSO ME showed significantly better results in terms of cell line toxicity, antioxidant activity and protective effect against Aβ induced cell death. The results obtained showed the potential of using PSO as an effective synergistic agent along with the anti-Alzheimer's drug for the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.,Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Meera Shrivas
- Department Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Ames CW, Cunha KFD, Vitola HRS, Hackbart HCDS, Sanches Filho PJ, Cruxen CEDS, da Silva WP, Fiorentini ÂM. Evaluation of potentially probiotic
Lactobacillus casei
CSL3 immobilized on oats and applied to yogurt production. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Waschburger Ames
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil
| | - Kamila Furtado da Cunha
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil
- Biotechnology Unit Technology Development Center Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Fiorentini
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil
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Tan JYB, Yoon BK, Cho NJ, Lovrić J, Jug M, Jackman JA. Lipid Nanoparticle Technology for Delivering Biologically Active Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9664. [PMID: 34575831 PMCID: PMC8465605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous interest in utilizing biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides to treat phospholipid membrane-related medical diseases, especially with the global health importance of membrane-enveloped viruses and bacteria. However, it is difficult to practically deliver lipophilic fatty acids and monoglycerides for therapeutic applications, which has led to the emergence of lipid nanoparticle platforms that support molecular encapsulation and functional presentation. Herein, we introduce various classes of lipid nanoparticle technology and critically examine the latest progress in utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides in order to treat medical diseases related to infectious pathogens, cancer, and inflammation. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding how nanoparticle structure is related to biological function in terms of mechanism, potency, selectivity, and targeting. We also discuss translational opportunities and regulatory needs for utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides, including unmet clinical opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Brenda Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore;
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore;
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Mario Jug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
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Alvear DC, Guerrero JD, Bonifaz NF, Noriega PF. Calidad composicional y concentración de ácidos grasos omega-3 (alfa-linolénico) y omega-6 (linoleico) presentes en leche bovina de tres regiones naturales del Ecuador. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v68n2.98027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La leche de vaca es un componente importante en la dieta humana y uno de sus aportes nutricionales es la fracción lipídica formada por diversos ácidos grasos, entre ellos, el ácido linoleico (AL) de familia omega-6 y el ácido alfa-linolénico (AAL) de familia omega-3, ambos constituyentes estructurales de membranas de tejidos celulares y reguladores metabólicos. Por su importancia, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la concentración de ácidos grasos omega-3 (alfa-linolénico) y omega-6 (linoleico) mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), en relación con la influencia de los factores región (Costa, Sierra y Amazonía) y época (lluviosa y seca) sobre la concentración de dichos ácidos. Se trabajó con 30 centros de acopio y se recolectó según el protocolo LCL-INS-01. El análisis composicional se realizó bajo el método ISO 9622-IDF 141/2013 /LCL-PE-01 y el análisis del perfil lipídico mediante GC-MS. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron concentraciones (%) promedio de 2,72 y 0,06 para AL y AAL, respectivamente, en el perfil lipídico. En cuanto al factor región, Costa presentó 2,07%, Sierra 3,03% y Amazonía 3,06%, por lo que se evidenció alta diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0,01) para el AL, mientras que el AAL no mostró variación. En el factor época, el AL presentó 2,63% en época seca y 3,03% en época lluviosa, y el AAL 0,14 y 0,06%, respectivamente. Los resultados permitieron concluir que el factor región influye en la concentración del AL, pero no en el AAL, y el factor época no es influyente en la concentración del AL ni en la del AAL.
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Katdare A, Khunt D, Thakkar S, Polaka SN, Misra M. Comparative evaluation of fish oil and butter oil in modulating delivery of galantamine hydrobromide to brain via intranasal route: pharmacokinetic and oxidative stress studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:1136-1146. [PMID: 32219727 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of fish oil (FO)- and butter oil (BO)-enriched microemulsion-based system of galantamine hydrobromide (GH), an anti-Alzheimer drug, for its potential role in brain permeation enhancement and neuroprotection against oxidative stress. Microemulsion (ME)-based system of GH was prepared using water phase titration. The prepared ME was characterized by several physicochemical parameters like particle size, polydispersity index, and ex vivo drug permeation. Cell-based oxidative stress assays and pharmacokinetic studies were performed using C6 glial cell lines, and Sprague Dawley rats, respectively. The optimized ME comprised 5.3% v/v of Capmul MCM EP (as oil),15.8% v/v of Tween-80 (as surfactant), 5.3% v/v of Transcutol P (as co-surfactant), and 73.6% v/v of water (as aqueous phase). The addition of FO and BO resulted in a slight increase in the droplet size and decrease in transparency of ME. Cell-based anti-oxidative stress assays (glutathione assay, nitrite assay, and lipid peroxidation assay) showed the efficacy of formulation in the order of ME, BO ME, and FO ME, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in in vivo animal studies, wherein GH FO ME showed a comparatively higher percentage of drug reaching the brain when administered by intranasal route than by IV route. The study concluded the potential benefits of co-administering FO- and BO-enriched microemulsion is not only enhancing the permeation of drugs across BBB but also improving efficacy against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Katdare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force Station Headquarter, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force Station Headquarter, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Shreya Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force Station Headquarter, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Surya Narayana Polaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force Station Headquarter, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opp. Air force Station Headquarter, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Demirbolat GM, Coskun GP, Erdogan O, Cevik O. Long chain fatty acids can form aggregates and affect the membrane integrity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111795. [PMID: 33945967 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stearic acid (SA) and oleic acid (OA) which are inherently existing fatty acids (FAs) in the body can alter cell membrane function and interact with each other. However, discrepancies arise as to whether these effects are beneficial or harmful on the body. To resolve this ambiguity, there is a dire need to study how FAs can affect the etiology of diseases and their treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate long chain FAs aggregation behaviors and their effects on membrane integrity and cell viability. We determined the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of SA and OA (1110 μM and 300 μM, respectively which were less amount than that used in nanocarriers). In TEM images, hexagonal overlapped or fused structures of SA were seen, whereas quite small spherical clusters of OA were obtained. Membrane integrity assessments demonstrated that SA and OA at their own CAC and below could crack the lipid junctions on membrane mimicking systems. Moreover, they completely disrupt the membrane integrity above the CAC at pH 7.2. Cell viabilities on various cell lines were assessed after exposed to SA or OA aggregates. SA was more aggressive than OA on cell death in all cell lines. The effect of SA on PC3 cell lines was in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of SA above CAC boosted the inhibition of cell viability. Furthermore, OA showed a proliferation effect on PC3 cells. Consequently, the aggregation behavior of FAs should be considered as a noteworthy factor in physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Melike Demirbolat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Goknil Pelin Coskun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34684, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Omer Erdogan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, 09010, Turkey.
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Patti A, Lecocq H, Serghei A, Acierno D, Cassagnau P. The universal usefulness of stearic acid as surface modifier: applications to the polymer formulations and composite processing. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Aryan H, Saxena A, Tiwari A. Correlation between bioactive lipids and novel coronavirus: constructive role of biolipids in curbing infectivity by enveloped viruses, centralizing on EPA and DHA. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2021; 1:186-192. [PMID: 38624677 PMCID: PMC7856852 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-020-00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family coronaviridae. It is spherical and possesses proteins called spikes, which can clamp onto the human cells. Once in close interaction with the human cells, these viruses undergo structural change and can fuse with the cell membrane. The virus enters the host and starts the process of translation and transcription in the cells and uncoated genome, respectively. Due to the rapid transmittable nature of the virus, extant actions should be taken. The fatty acids administrated orally, or intravenously, could help us gear things up in providing resistance and preventing infection. Hence, the multiplication of the virus could be hindered by arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In that context, the current review highlights the role of these unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives such as lipoxins and resolvins in the inactivation of the enveloped coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Aryan
- Diatoms Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatoms Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatoms Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
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Khunt D, Polaka S, Shrivas M, Misra M. Biodistribution and amyloid beta induced cell line toxicity study of intranasal Rivastigmine microemulsion enriched with Fish Oil and Butter oil. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Xu C, Song D, Holck AL, Zhou Y, Liu R. Identifying Lipid Metabolites Influenced by Oleic Acid Administration Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11314-11323. [PMID: 32478219 PMCID: PMC7254503 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA), one of the most important monounsaturated fatty acids, possesses protective properties against chronic liver disease (CLD) development, but the underlying metabolic metabolism remains unknown. HPLC-MS-based lipidomics was utilized to identify and quantify the endogenously altered lipid metabolites when hepatocytes were exposed to OA administration. The identified lipids could be grouped into 22 lipid classes; of which, 10 classes were significantly influenced by the OA treatment: lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), ceramides (Cer), hexosylceramides (Hex1Cer), dihexosylceramides (Hex2Cer), cholesterol ester (ChE), and coenzyme (Co) were decreased, while diglyceride (DG), triglyceride (TG), and acyl carnitine (AcCa) were increased. In addition, as the variable importance in projection (VIP) list (VIP > 1.0 and P < 0.05) showed, 478 lipid species showed significant difference with OA administration, and these molecules could be potential biomarkers in conjunction with OA administration. In summary, our results provided a novel perspective to understand the influences of OA administration by investigating endogenous altered levels of lipid metabolites via lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Song
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Askild L. Holck
- NOFIMA
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 210, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - Youyou Zhou
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Liu
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National
Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Nanjing 210095, China
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Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? Sci Rep 2020; 10:8161. [PMID: 32424181 PMCID: PMC7235264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs) are present in trace levels in dairy fat and some fish and plants. Higher circulating concentrations of OCFAs, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), are associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and higher dietary intake of OCFAs is associated with lower mortality. Population-wide circulating OCFA levels, however, have been declining over recent years. Here, we show C15:0 as an active dietary fatty acid that attenuates inflammation, anemia, dyslipidemia, and fibrosis in vivo, potentially by binding to key metabolic regulators and repairing mitochondrial function. This is the first demonstration of C15:0's direct role in attenuating multiple comorbidities using relevant physiological mechanisms at established circulating concentrations. Pairing our findings with evidence that (1) C15:0 is not readily made endogenously, (2) lower C15:0 dietary intake and blood concentrations are associated with higher mortality and a poorer physiological state, and (3) C15:0 has demonstrated activities and efficacy that parallel associated health benefits in humans, we propose C15:0 as a potential essential fatty acid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of decades of reduced intake of OCFA-containing foods as contributors to C15:0 deficiencies and susceptibilities to chronic disease.
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Khunt D, Shrivas M, Polaka S, Gondaliya P, Misra M. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Butter Oil in Targeting Delivery of Donepezil Hydrochloride Microemulsion to Brain via the Intranasal Route: a Comparative Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 31900652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible role of butter oil (BO) and omega-3 fatty acids-rich fish oil (O3FO) in the delivery of donepezil hydrochloride microemulsion (DH-ME) to the brain via intranasal route, the present study was conducted. DH:BO and DH:O3FO binary mixtures (9:1 to 1:9) were prepared by simple physical mixing and subjected to in vitro diffusion study. Ratios of DH:BO and DH:O3FO, which showed the highest diffusion, were selected for further development of microemulsion (ME). Globule sizes of DH-BO-ME and DH-O3FO-ME were found to be 87.66 ± 5.23 nm and 88.59 ± 8.23 nm, respectively. Nasal histopathological study and in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed the safety of the formulation. Higher percentage of nasal diffusion was found with DH-BO-ME (71.22 ± 1.21%) and DH-O3FO-ME (62.16 ± 1.23%) in comparison to DH-ME (59.69 ± 1.74%) and DH solution (55.01 ± 1.19%), which was further supported by in vitro cell permeability study. After intranasal administration, %bioavailability of drug in the rat brain (Sprague-Dawley rats)(on the basis of DH-ME IV) was higher with DH-BO-ME (313.59 ± 12.98%) and DH-O3FO-ME (361.73 ± 15.15%) in comparison to DH-ME (168.62 ± 6.60%) and DH solution (8.960 ± 0.23%). The results of ex vivo diffusion study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study suggested that BO and O3FO helped in enhancing the nasal permeability and the brain uptake of drug when administered intranasally.
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