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Arora M, Rasane P, Singh J, Kaur S, Bakshi M, Kaur J. Reinventing Plantain as a Functional Food: A Processing Based Approach. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220331120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plantains are termed as ‘culinary bananas’ due to the fact that they are only consumed after cooking or other forms of processing. Providing good nutritional value and versatility in diet, it is considered as an important commercial crop and efficient dietary staple in Africa. However, irrespective of geographical locations and economic status of diverse ethnic groups plantains are consumed extensively due to its easy availability and preparation. They are prepared and consumed in numerous forms between the green and yellow stages of maturity and ripeness. The nutritional composition of plantains provides several health benefits and therapeutic applications, making it preferable for consumption. They are processed for the further development of a variety of products like biscuits, baby foods, bread, etc. The present review aims to enlist various traditional dishes and the value added products prepared from plantains after processing. It also highlights other diverse uses of plantain where all the parts of the crop are functional and demonstrates its potential in future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Arora
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Manish Bakshi
- Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Organic Beet Leaves and Stalk Juice Attenuates the Glutathione Peroxidase Increase Induced by High-Fat Meal in Dyslipidemic Patients: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The beet, including the leaves and stalk (BLS), is a vegetable with great antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the nutritional composition and the concentration of total phenolics between the organic and conventional BLS and to verify whether the ingestion of an organic BLS juice containing different concentrations of polyphenols modulated some biomarkers of oxidative stress after the ingestion of a high-fat meal in individuals with dyslipidemia. A controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with a washout period of 1 week was carried out. A 12-h fasting blood sample was collected. Afterward, the participants consumed a high-fat meal, followed by the ingestion of a placebo or one of the organic BLS juices containing either 32.0 or 77.5 mg/100 mL of polyphenols. Blood samples were obtained 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the first blood collection. The composition analysis showed that organic BLS had a better nutritional composition than conventional ones. The high-fat meal induced postprandial hypertriglyceridemia after 120 min (p < 0.001) and increased the concentration of malondialdehyde after 30 min (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in GPx in 30 min (p = 0.026). This increase was attenuated in the group that received the highest dose of polyphenols when compared with the placebo after 30 min (p = 0.045). Therefore, the organic BLS juice containing 77.5 mg of polyphenols was efficient at modulating one of the postprandial mechanisms of enzymatic antioxidant protection in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Roghani-Shahraki H, Karimian M, Valipour S, Behjati M, Arefnezhad R, Mousavi A. Herbal therapy as a promising approach for regulation on lipid profiles: A review of molecular aspects. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5533-5546. [PMID: 33469926 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impaired lipid profile is defined as abnormal plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. This disease state is associated with the development and progression of various disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and acute myocardial infarction. Globally, all of these disorders are related to a significant rate of death. Therefore, finding a suitable approach for the prevention and treatment of lipid profile-related disorders is in the spotlight. Recently, herbal therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of hyperlipidemia or its related disorders due to its safety and efficacy. Hereby, we address the potential benefits of some of these herbal compounds on different aspects of lipid profile and its abnormalities with a special focus on their underlying mechanisms. Using herbal products, such as teas and mushrooms, or their derivatives, Rosmarinus officinalis Linn, Curcuma longa, Green tea, Lippia triphylla, Lippia citriodora, Plantago asiatica L, Vine tea, and Grifola frondosa have been proved to exert several therapeutic impacts on lipid profile and its related disorders, and we would provide a brief review on them in this literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Saboora Valipour
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mousavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Iran
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Targeted Isolation of Antioxidant Constituents from Plantago asiatica L. and In Vitro Activity Assay. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081825. [PMID: 32316264 PMCID: PMC7221530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. is widely distributed in Eastern Asia and a commonly used drug in China, Korea, and Japan for diuretic and antiphlogistic purposes. In this experiment, the present study was performed to isolate antioxidant molecules based on the DPPH scavenging activity assay and discover the bioactive compounds which contributed to performing the function of Plantago asiatica L. Each faction was chosen for further isolation guided by DPPH scavenging activity assay. Afterwards, two potential bioactive molecules, aesculetin and apigenin, were isolated for in vitro antioxidant activity in cells. Hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidative stress led to decreased cell viability, impaired intercellular junction, and damage to the cell membrane and DNA. Furthermore, aesculetin ameliorated decreased cell viability induced by hydrogen peroxide via upregulation of antioxidant related genes, and apigenin also protected against H2O2 mainly by improving the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system, such as increasing the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and the ration of GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Above all, these findings suggest that aesculetin and apigenin may be bioactive compounds for antioxidant function in Plantago asiatica L.
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Gomes APO, Ferreira MA, Camargo JM, Araújo MDO, Mortoza AS, Mota JF, Coelho ASG, Capitani CD, Coltro WKT, Botelho PB. Organic beet leaves and stalk juice attenuates HDL-C reduction induced by high-fat meal in dyslipidemic patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2019; 65:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tong RC, Qi M, Yang QM, Li PF, Wang DD, Lan JP, Wang ZT, Yang L. Extract of Plantago asiatica L. Seeds Ameliorates Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 31114496 PMCID: PMC6502967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. seeds is a common folk medicine with a long history of medical use in China because of its antipyretic, diuretic, and expectorant properties. It has been applied to treat hypertension clinically due to its diuresis, however, its efficacy and mechanisms on anti-hypertension has not been reported yet to our knowledge. In this study, we investigated the antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms of P. asiatica L. seeds extract (PASE) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Male SHRs were treated with 2.5 mg/kg of fosinopril (FOS) and 400 mg/kg of PASE orally per day for once or 12 weeks. SHR or Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) receiving vehicle (distilled water) was used as control. The results demonstrated systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP, and MBP) were significantly lowered after single and long-term intragastric administration of PASE. The cardiac and aortic index and collagen accumulation were improved in the PASE group compared with the SHRs group. Meanwhile, PASE treatment remarkably reduced urine total protein, the ratio of serum urea nitrogen to serum creatinine, and increased serum potassium. The levels of serum angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II), the ratio of Ang II to Ang I, and aldosterone (ALD) were lowered after treatment of PASE. Besides, PASE and its major active constituents of phenylethanoid glycosides, including isoacteoside, plantamajoside and acteoside, were found to effectively inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activation in vitro. These findings suggest that PASE has the antihypertensive effect that may involve a mechanism of ACE inhibition and simultaneously protect organ damage against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Chao Tong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Qi
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Ming Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ping Lan
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Senescence of Primary Coronary Endothelial Cells Exposed to Postprandial Serum of Healthy Adult and Elderly Volunteers after Oven-Cooked Meat Meals. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2017:3868545. [PMID: 29379227 PMCID: PMC5742900 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3868545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked high consumption of meat with major age-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal postprandial increases in plasma lipids after a meat meal have been hypothesized among the pathogenetic mechanisms. However, it is still unknown if the postprandial serum derived after a normal meat meal is able to affect endothelial function, and if the type of meat and the age of the donors are critical factors. Here, we show the effects of postprandial sera derived from healthy adults and elderly volunteers who consumed meat meals on human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) oxidative stress, gene expression, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. We observed that a single exposure to postprandial serum induces a slight increase in ROS that is associated with modulation of gene expression pathways related to oxidative stress response and metabolism. The postprandial-induced increase in ROS is not associated with a measurable DNA oxidative damage. However, repeated exposure to postprandial serum induces an acceleration of cellular senescence. Taking into account the deleterious role of cellular senescence in age-related vascular diseases, the results suggest a new mechanism by which excessive meat consumption and time spent in postprandial state may affect health status during aging.
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Lim Y, Kwon O, Kim JY. The Model for Evaluation on Blood Flow of Functional Food in Human Intervention Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2018. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2018.7.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Saljoughian S, Roohinejad S, Bekhit AEDA, Greiner R, Omidizadeh A, Nikmaram N, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The effects of food essential oils on cardiovascular diseases: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1688-1705. [PMID: 28678524 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1279121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are complex secondary metabolites, which are produced by aromatic plants and identified by their powerful odors. Present studies on EO and their isolated ingredients have drawn the attention of researchers to screen these natural products and evaluate their effect on the cardiovascular system. Some EO, and their active ingredients, have been reported to improve the cardiovascular system significantly by affecting vaso-relaxation, and decreasing the heart rate and exert a hypotension activity. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of EO and their main active components in promoting the health of the cardiovascular system. The objective of this review is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the functional role of EO extracted from plants for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their mechanisms of action. Research on EO has the potential to identify new bioactive compounds and formulate new functional products for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Saljoughian
- a Nutritional Science Department , Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- b Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering , Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food , Karlsruhe , Germany.,c Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | | | - Ralf Greiner
- b Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering , Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Alireza Omidizadeh
- a Nutritional Science Department , Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Nooshin Nikmaram
- e Young Researchers and Elite Club , Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University , Sabzevar , Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- f Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA) , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , SP , Brazil
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Yang Q, Qi M, Tong R, Wang D, Ding L, Li Z, Huang C, Wang Z, Yang L. Plantago asiatica L. Seed Extract Improves Lipid Accumulation and Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071393. [PMID: 28665305 PMCID: PMC5535886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its common association with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases are worldwide epidemics. Currently, to prevent or treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders, herbal dietary supplements or medicines have attracted more and more attention owing to their relative effectiveness with fewer significant side effects. We investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of Plantago asiatica L. seed extract (PSE) on obesity and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat (HF) diet-induced mice. Our results displayed that PSE did not modify food intake or body weight but decreased abdominal white adipose tissue ratio, white/brown adipocyte size, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acid, and hepatic TG concentrations when compared with the HF group. The levels of fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance were improved in the PSE group when compared with the HF group. Furthermore, PSE upregulated mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and target genes related to fatty acid metabolism and energy expenditure in liver and adipose tissue of obese mice when compared with the HF group. PSE treatment effectively improved lipid and glucose metabolism in HF diet-induced obese mice. These effects might be attributed to the upregulation of PPAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Meng Qi
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Renchao Tong
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zeyun Li
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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High Density Lipoprotein Level is Negatively Associated With the Increase of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Lipids After a Fatty Meal. Lipids 2014; 49:1225-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Drew JE, Farquharson AJ, Horgan GW, Duthie SJ, Duthie GG. Postprandial cell defense system responses to meal formulations: Stratification through gene expression profiling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2066-79. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice E. Drew
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Andrew J. Farquharson
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | | | - Susan J. Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Robert Gordon University; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen Scotland UK
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