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Zou J, Song Q, Shaw PC, Zuo Z. Dendrobium officinale regulate lipid metabolism in diabetic mouse liver via PPAR-RXR signaling pathway: Evidence from an integrated multi-omics analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116395. [PMID: 38460364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (DEN) is recognized as a kind of functional food that can effectively ameliorate endocrine and metabolic disruptions. This study delved into the pharmacological mechanism of DEN on hepatic lipotoxicity associated with Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In vivo study experiments on db/db mice indicated that DEN treatment notably enhanced liver function, decreased blood lipid levels, and improved insulin sensitivity. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that DEN significantly ameliorated metabolism pathways, including lipoic acid, linoleic acid, bile secretion, and the alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism, as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis demonstrated DEN treatment could modulate the expression of genes such as Cpt1b, Scd1, G6pc2, Fos, Adrb2, Atp2a1, Ppp1r1b, and Cyp7a1. Furthermore, Proteomics analysis indicated that the beneficial effect of DEN on lipid metabolism was linked to pathways like AMPK and PPAR signaling. The integrative analysis of multi-omics revealed that the PPAR-RXR signaling was critical to the therapeutic effect of DEN on T2DM-induced fatty liver. Additionally, in vitro study on AML-12 cells confirmed that DEN counteract PA-induced lipid accumulation by activating the PPAR-RXR pathway. Overall, these findings suggested that DEN exhibited the potential to mitigate T2DM-induced hepatic lipo-toxicity and manage lipid imbalances in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junju Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, The Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Qianbo Song
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Center for Chinese Medicine and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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2
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Ramakrishnan S, Mooli RGR, Han Y, Fiorenza E, Kumar S, Bello F, Nallanagulagari A, Karra S, Teng L, Jurczak M. Hepatic ketogenesis regulates lipid homeostasis via ACSL1-mediated fatty acid partitioning. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3147009. [PMID: 37503004 PMCID: PMC10371136 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3147009/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Liver-derived ketone bodies play a crucial role in fasting energy homeostasis by fueling the brain and peripheral tissues. Ketogenesis also acts as a conduit to remove excess acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation and protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Surprisingly, no study has examined the role of ketogenesis in fasting-associated hepatocellular lipid metabolism. Ketogenesis is driven by the rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGCS2) abundantly expressed in the liver. Here, we show that ketogenic insufficiency via disruption of hepatic HMGCS2 exacerbates liver steatosis in fasted chow and high-fat-fed mice. We found that the hepatic steatosis is driven by increased fatty acid partitioning to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for re-esterification via acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1). Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA accumulation from impaired hepatic ketogenesis is responsible for the elevated translocation of ACSL1 to the ER. Moreover, we show increased ER-localized ACSL1 and re-esterification of lipids in human NASH displaying impaired hepatic ketogenesis. Finally, we show that L-carnitine, which buffers excess acetyl-CoA, decreases the ER-associated ACSL1 and alleviates hepatic steatosis. Thus, ketogenesis via controlling hepatocellular acetyl-CoA homeostasis regulates lipid partitioning and protects against hepatic steatosis.
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3
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Alhusaini AM, Alsoghayer R, Alhushan L, Alanazi AM, Hasan IH. Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Liposomal Co-Enzyme Q 10 Attenuate Hepatic Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis Induced by Propionic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11519. [PMID: 37511276 PMCID: PMC10380200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid (PRA) is a metabolic end-product of enteric bacteria in the gut, and it is commonly used as a food preservative. Despite the necessity of PRA for immunity in the body, excessive exposure to this product may result in disruptive effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the hepatoprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine (A-CAR) and liposomal-coenzyme Q10 (L-CoQ10) against PRA-induced injury. Liver injury in rats was induced by oral administration of PRA, and A-CAR and L-CoQ10 were administered concurrently with PRA for 5 days. Oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic biomarkers were analyzed; the histology of liver tissue was assessed as well to further explore any pathological alterations. PRA caused significant increases in the levels of serum liver enzymes and hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarker levels, along with histopathological alterations. Concurrent treatment with A-CAR and/or L-CoQ10 with PRA prevented tissue injury and decreased the levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic markers. Additionally, A-CAR and/or L-CoQ10 modulated the expression of high-mobility group box-1, cytokeratin-18, transforming growth factor-beta1, and SMAD3 in liver tissue. In conclusion, A-CAR and/or L-CoQ10 showed hepatoprotective efficacy by reducing oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and fibrosis in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alsoghayer
- Pharm D Program, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Alhushan
- Pharm D Program, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Ignatz RM, Zirkenbach VA, Kaya M, Stroikova V, Öttl R, Frey N, Kaya Z. No Evidence for Myocarditis or Other Organ Affection by Induction of an Immune Response against Critical SARS-CoV-2 Protein Epitopes in a Mouse Model Susceptible for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9873. [PMID: 37373021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic, not only the infection itself but also several immune-mediated side effects led to additional consequences. Immune reactions such as epitope spreading and cross-reactivity may also play a role in the development of long-COVID, although the exact pathomechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause direct damage to the lungs but can also lead to secondary indirect organ damage (e.g., myocardial involvement), which is often associated with high mortality. To investigate whether an immune reaction against the viral peptides can lead to organ affection, a mouse strain known to be susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), was used. First, the mice were immunized with single or pooled peptide sequences of the virus's spike (SP), membrane (MP), nucleocapsid (NP), and envelope protein (EP), then the heart and other organs such as the liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and muscle were examined for signs of inflammation or other damage. Our results showed no significant inflammation or signs of pathology in any of these organs as a result of the immunization with these different viral protein sequences. In summary, immunization with different SARS-CoV-2 spike-, membrane-, nucleocapsid-, and envelope-protein peptides does not significantly affect the heart or other organ systems adversely, even when using a highly susceptible mouse strain for experimental autoimmune diseases. This suggests that inducing an immune reaction against these peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 virus alone is not sufficient to cause inflammation and/or dysfunction of the myocardium or other studied organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansur Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Öttl
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Takeichi Y, Miyazawa T, Sakamoto S, Hanada Y, Wang L, Gotoh K, Uchida K, Katsuhara S, Sakamoto R, Ishihara T, Masuda K, Ishihara N, Nomura M, Ogawa Y. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of mitochondrial fission factor. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2092-2107. [PMID: 34052855 PMCID: PMC8382662 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles continuously undergoing fission and fusion, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, to adapt to nutritional demands. Evidence suggests that impaired mitochondrial dynamics leads to metabolic abnormalities such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotypes. However, how mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of NASH is poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in the development of NASH. METHODS We created mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of MFF (MffLiKO). MffLiKO mice fed normal chow diet (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated for metabolic variables and their livers were examined by histological analysis. To elucidate the mechanism of development of NASH, we examined the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism, and the secretion of triacylglycerol (TG) using the liver and primary hepatocytes isolated from MffLiKO and control mice. RESULTS MffLiKO mice showed aberrant mitochondrial morphologies with no obvious NASH phenotypes during NCD, while they developed full-blown NASH phenotypes in response to HFD. Expression of genes related to ER stress was markedly upregulated in the liver from MffLiKO mice. In addition, expression of genes related to hepatic TG secretion was downregulated, with reduced hepatic TG secretion in MffLiKO mice in vivo and in primary cultures of MFF-deficient hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, thapsigargin-induced ER stress suppressed TG secretion in primary hepatocytes isolated from control mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that ablation of MFF in liver provoked ER stress and reduced hepatic TG secretion in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, MffLiKO mice were more susceptible to HFD-induced NASH phenotype than control mice, partly because of ER stress-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes and suppression of TG secretion from hepatocytes. This study provides evidence for the role of mitochondrial fission in the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Takeichi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shohei Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Hanada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Gotoh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Katsuhara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nomura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Li N, Zhao H. Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:689042. [PMID: 34434943 PMCID: PMC8381051 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.689042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine is an amino acid-derived substance that coordinates a wide range of biological processes. Such functions include transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix, regulation of acetyl-CoA/CoA, control of inter-organellar acyl traffic, and protection against oxidative stress. Recent studies have found that carnitine plays an important role in several diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its effect is still controversial, and its mechanism is not clear. Herein, this review provides current knowledge on the biological functions of carnitine, the “multiple hit” impact of carnitine on the NAFLD progression, and the downstream mechanisms. Based on the “multiple hit” hypothesis, carnitine inhibits β-oxidation, improves mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces insulin resistance to ameliorate NAFLD. L-carnitine may have therapeutic role in liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the prospects of L-carnitine supplementation as a therapeutic strategy in NAFLD and related diseases, and the factors limiting its widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Practice, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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Yau-Qiu ZX, Madrid-Gambin F, Brennan L, Palou A, Rodríguez AM. Leptin Supplementation During Lactation Restores Key Liver Metabolite Levels Malprogrammed by Gestational Calorie Restriction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001046. [PMID: 33900028 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perinatal nutritional factors can program offspring metabolic phenotype and risk to obesity. This study investigates the potential role of leptin supplementation (during lactation) in ameliorating the malprogrammed effects caused by mild maternal calorie restriction during gestation, on young rat offspring liver metabolic response. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted and targeted metabolomics studies on liver samples are performed by NMR and GC-MS, respectively. Global DNA methylation and the expression by RT-PCR of key genes involved in different pathways are also determined. By NMR, 15 liver metabolites are observed to be altered in the offspring of gestational calorie-restricted dams (CR group), at days 25-27 of life. Physiological leptin supplementation during lactation partially reverted the effect of CR condition for most of these metabolites. Moreover, targeted fatty acid analysis by GC-MS shows a significant decrease in the hepatic concentration of certain very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in CR offspring, partially or totally reverted by leptin supplementation. No remarkable changes are found in global DNA methylation or mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Physiological leptin supplementation during lactation contributes to the reversion of changes caused by maternal mild calorie restriction on the liver metabolome. This agrees with a putative role of leptin supplementation preventing or reversing metabolic disturbances caused by gestational metabolic malprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Yau-Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Conway Institute, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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8
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Saneian H, Khalilian L, Heidari-Beni M, Khademian M, Famouri F, Nasri P, Hassanzadeh A, Kelishadi R. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:897-904. [PMID: 33939897 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the pediatric population at global level. Present study aims to assess the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on the NAFLD in children and adolescents. METHODS This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2018-2019. Study was carried out in NAFLD participants (5-15 years). They were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg/kg/day l-carnitine twice a day or identical placebo per day for three months. Liver enzymes and liver ultrasonography were assessed before and after the intervention. Both groups received similar consultation for lifestyle changes. RESULTS Overall, 55 participants completed the study, 30 patients in the l-carnitine group and 25 patients in placebo group. Mean changes of anthropometric measurements did not have significant differences between groups (p>0.05). No significant differences in the mean changes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.82) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p=0.76) levels were documented between two groups. Based on within-group analysis, there were significant changes in AST and ALT levels before and after the intervention in both groups. The sonographic grades of fatty liver were not significantly different between two groups before (p=0.94) and after intervention (p=0.93). CONCLUSIONS In the present clinical trial, L-carnitine did not have significant effect on improving biochemical and sonographic markers of NAFLD in children and adolescents. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the applicability and efficacy of long-term l-carnitine supplementation to treatment of NAFLD in pediatric population. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20170628034786N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Saneian
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Khalilian
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Khademian
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Famouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Nasri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Mitochondrial Lipid Homeostasis at the Crossroads of Liver and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136949. [PMID: 34203309 PMCID: PMC8268967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a rapidly increasing problem, affecting a huge population around the globe. However, CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles, and decreased HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. In this review, we summarize recent genetic evidence, proving the diverse nature of metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Analysis of available genetic data suggests that the altered operation of fatty-acid β-oxidation in liver mitochondria is the key process, connecting NAFLD-mediated dyslipidemia and elevated CVD risk. In addition, we discuss several NAFLD-associated genes with documented anti-atherosclerotic or cardioprotective effects, and current pharmaceutical strategies focused on both NAFLD treatment and reduction of CVD risk.
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10
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Cui B. Modulation of the fecal microbiome and metabolome by resistant dextrin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:4504-4518. [PMID: 33885128 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the gut-liver axis by manipulating the intestinal microbiome is a promising therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study modulated the intestinal microbiota to explore whether resistant dextrin, as a potential prebiotic, could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice. After two months of feeding, significant hepatic steatosis with mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in the HFD-fed mice. However, the concentrations of triglycerides and malondialdehyde in liver tissue and the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of mice fed an HFD plus resistant dextrin diet (HFID) were significantly decreased compared to the HFD-fed mice. Additionally, hepatic mitochondrial integrity and reactive oxygen species accumulation were improved in HFID-fed mice, ameliorating hepatic steatosis. The fecal microbiome of HFD-fed mice was enriched in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Globicatella, while resistant dextrin increased the abundance of Parabacteroides, Blautia, and Dubosiella. Major changes in fecal metabolites were confirmed for HFID-fed mice, including those related to entero-hepatic circulation (i.e., bile acids), tryptophan metabolism (e.g., indole derivatives), and lipid metabolism (e.g., lipoic acid), as well as increased antioxidants including isorhapontigenin. Furthermore, resistant dextrin decreased inflammatory cytokine levels and intestinal permeability and ameliorated intestinal damage. Together, these findings augmented current knowledge on prebiotic treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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11
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Metabolomic Analysis of the Liver of a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis Mouse Model: Implications of the Gut-Liver Connection. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020341. [PMID: 32024178 PMCID: PMC7072179 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing worldwide, and it has become a growing problem in Asia. Previous research on UC has focused on serum, plasma, urine, gut tissues, and fecal metabolic profiling, but a comprehensive investigation into the correlation between the severity of colitis and changes in liver metabolism is still lacking. Since the liver and gut exchange nutrients and metabolites through a complex network, intestinal diseases can affect both the liver and other organs. In the present study, concentration-dependent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis was employed to examine changes in liver metabolism using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)-and ultra-performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-TOF MS)-based metabolomics study. Using the multivariate statistical analysis method orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), changes in metabolites depending on the DSS dose could be clearly distinguished. Specifically, hepatic metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism, carnitine-related metabolism, and nucleotide synthesis were found to be affected by intestinal inflammation, implying the existence of a metabolic connection between the gut and liver. We are currently investigating the significance of this metabolic condition in UC.
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12
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Athithan L, Gulsin GS, McCann GP, Levelt E. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:490-510. [PMID: 31641426 PMCID: PMC6801309 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i10.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide and doubled over the last two decades. It features among the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of complications in diabetes and within this, heart failure has been shown to be the leading cause of emergency admissions in the United Kingdom. There are many hypotheses and well-evidenced mechanisms by which diabetic cardiomyopathy as an entity develops. This review aims to give an overview of these mechanisms, with particular emphasis on metabolic inflexibility. T2D is associated with inefficient substrate utilisation, an inability to increase glucose metabolism and dependence on fatty acid oxidation within the diabetic heart resulting in mitochondrial uncoupling, glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and initially subclinical cardiac dysfunction and finally in overt heart failure. The review also gives a concise update on developments within clinical imaging, specifically cardiac magnetic resonance studies to characterise and phenotype early cardiac dysfunction in T2D. A better understanding of the pathophysiology involved provides a platform for targeted therapy in diabetes to prevent the development of early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Athithan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav S Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Eylem Levelt
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre and Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LF9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Haque MR, Ansari SH. Aromatic aldehyde compound cuminaldehyde protects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats feeding high fat diet. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:823-832. [PMID: 30974975 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is related with obesity and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of cuminaldehyde on NAFLD in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 42 days to induce NAFLD. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated by histology and measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum and hepatic lipids (total triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). The HFD feeding increased the liver weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of cuminaldehyde ameliorated the changes in hepatic morphology and liver weight, decreased levels of liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Our findings suggest that cuminaldehyde could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. Cuminaldehyde might be considered as a potential aromatic compound in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Haque
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India.,2 HIMT College of Pharmacy, Gr. Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S H Ansari
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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14
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Medjerab M, Abdelali M, Khalkhal A, Semiane N, Hammadi S, Mallek A, Bellahrache Z, Agoun H, Dahmani Y. Adrenal cortex disorders in a new model of obesity, Gerbillus gerbillus, exposed to a high carbohydrate diet. C R Biol 2019; 342:35-44. [PMID: 30686566 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Sena CM, Cipriano MA, Botelho MF, Seiça RM. Lipoic Acid Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Goto Kakizaki Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092706. [PMID: 30208622 PMCID: PMC6164246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of hepatic fat accumulation may be an important approach for liver diseases due to the increased relevance of hepatic steatosis in this field. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular function, and oxidative stress in a model of type 2 diabetes fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Goto-Kakizaki rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received only a standard rat diet (control GK) including groups 2 (HFD), 3 (vehicle group), and 4 (α-LA group), which were given HFD, ad libitum during three months. Wistar rats are the non-diabetic control group. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver function, plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), liver GSH, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor E2 (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor-2 (Nrf2) levels were assessed in the different groups. Liver function was assessed using quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy, serum aspartate, and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and bilirubin levels. Histopathologically steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated. Type 2 diabetic animals fed with HFD showed a marked hepatic steatosis and a diminished hepatic extraction fraction and both were fully prevented with α-LA. Plasma and liver tissue MDA and hepatic TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the HFD group when compared with the control group and significantly lower in the α-LA group. Systemic and hepatic cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum uric acid levels were higher in hyperlipidemic GK rats and fully prevented with α-LA. In addition, nuclear Nrf2 activity was significantly diminished in GK rats and significantly augmented after α-LA treatment. In conclusion, α-LA strikingly ameliorates steatosis in this animal model of diabetes fed with HFD by decrementing the inflammatory marker TNF-α and reducing oxidative stress. α-LA might be considered a useful therapeutic tool to prevent hepatic steatosis by incrementing antioxidant defense systems through Nrf2 and consequently decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maria Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Maria Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Jia Y, Yee JK, Wang C, Nikolaenko L, Diaz-Arjonilla M, Cohen JN, French SW, Liu PY, Lue Y, Lee WNP, Swerdloff RS. Testosterone protects high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in castrated male rats mainly via modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E366-E376. [PMID: 28928235 PMCID: PMC5966753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that testosterone (T) deficiency enhanced high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats independent of insulin resistance and that T replacement reduced hepatic macrovesicular fat accumulation and inflammation. The present report explores the mechanism of T's protective effects on HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Adult male rats were randomized into four treatment groups for 15 wk: intact rats on regular chow diet or HFD, and castrated rats on HFD with or without T replacement. Fatty acid β-oxidation and de novo synthesis were not changed by castration and T replacement, but expression of lipid export proteins ApoB100 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) was suppressed by HFD in both intact and castrated rats but restored by T replacement. Macrovesicular lipid droplet-related proteins perilipin 1 and fat-specific protein 27 were increased by HFD in castrated rats and suppressed by T replacement. Higher activation/expression of ER stress proteins (PERK, IRE-1α, JNK, NF-κB, and CHOP) was demonstrated in castrated rats fed HFD compared with intact animals, and T replacement suppressed these changes. We conclude that 1) HFD leads to ApoB100/MTP suppression reducing export of lipids; 2) castration promotes progression to steatohepatitis through activation of the ER stress pathway and enhancement of macrovesicular droplet protein expression; and 3) testosterone suppresses ER stress, inhibits the formation of macrovesicular lipid droplets, promotes lipid export, and ameliorates steatohepatitis induced by HFD and castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Jennifer K Yee
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Liana Nikolaenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Maruja Diaz-Arjonilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Joshua N Cohen
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - YanHe Lue
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Wai-Nang P Lee
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
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Prior R, Van Helleputte L, Benoy V, Van Den Bosch L. Defective axonal transport: A common pathological mechanism in inherited and acquired peripheral neuropathies. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:300-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Tang H, Wei W, Wang W, Zha Z, Li T, Zhang Z, Luo C, Yin H, Huang F, Wang Y. Effects of cultured Cordyceps mycelia polysaccharide A on tumor neurosis factor-α induced hepatocyte injury with mitochondrial abnormality. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sun R, Zhang J, Wei H, Meng X, Ding Q, Sun F, Cao M, Yin L, Pu Y. Acetyl-l-carnitine partially prevents benzene-induced hematotoxicity and oxidative stress in C3H/He mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 51:108-113. [PMID: 28233701 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental pollutant and occupational toxicant which induces hematotoxicity. Our previous metabonomics study suggested that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) decreased in the mouse plasma and bone marrow (BM) cells due to benzene exposure. In the present study, the topic on whether ALCAR influences hematotoxicity caused by benzene exposure was explored. Thirty-two male C3H/He mice were divided into four groups: control group (C: vehicle, oil), benzene group (150mg/kg body weight (b.w.) benzene), benzene+A1 group (150mg/kg b.w. benzene+100mg/kg b.w. ALCAR), and benzene+A2 group (150mg/kg b.w. benzene+200mg/kg b.w. ALCAR). Benzene was injected subcutaneously, and ALCAR was orally administrated via gavage once daily for 4 weeks consecutively. After the experimental period, the blood routine, BM cell number and frequency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HS/PC) were assessed. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level were determined to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also examined, and the comet assay was performed to measure oxidative stress. Results showed that ALCAR intervention can partially reduce the benzene-induced damage on BM and HS/PCs and can simultaneously alleviate the DNA damage by reducing benzene-induced H2O2, ROS, and MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1-6. [PMID: 26476631 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are the main cellular sites devoted to ATP production and lipid oxidation. Therefore, the mitochondrial dysfunction could be an important determinant of cellular fate of circulating lipids, that accumulate in the cytoplasm, if they are not oxidized. The ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, and a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance has been proposed. METHODS Recent data on the possible link existing between mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and diet induced obesity will be summarized, focusing on the three factors that affect the mitochondrial oxidation of metabolic fuels, i.e. organelle number, organelle activity, and energetic efficiency of the mitochondrial machinery in synthesizing ATP. Search in PubMed relevant articles from 2003 to 2014 was conducted, by using query “liver mitochondria and obesity” “hepatic mitochondria and obesity” “liver mitochondria and high fat diet” and “hepatic mitochondria and high fat diet” and including related articles by the same groups. RESULTS Several works, by using different physiological approaches, have dealt with alteration in mitochondrial function in obesity and diabetes. Most results show that hepatic mitochondrial function is impaired in models of obesity and insulin resistance induced by high-fat or highfructose feeding. CONCLUSIONS Since mitochondria are the main producers of both cellular energy and free radicals, dysfunctional mitochondria could play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and ectopic fat storage in the liver, thus supporting the emerging idea that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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21
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Tautenhahn HM, Brückner S, Baumann S, Winkler S, Otto W, von Bergen M, Bartels M, Christ B. Attenuation of Postoperative Acute Liver Failure by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Due to Metabolic Implications. Ann Surg 2016; 263:546-56. [PMID: 25775061 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prevent posthepatectomy acute liver failure after extended resection by treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). BACKGROUND Liver tumors often require extended liver resection, overburdening metabolic and regenerative capacities of the remnant organ. Resulting dysfunction and failure may be improved by the proregenerative characteristics of MSCs. METHODS Extended liver resection was performed in (DPPIV)-deficient F344-Fischer rats. Wild-type animals served as donors of peritoneal adipose-derived MSCs. These were predifferentiated in vitro into hepatocytic cells and delivered to the liver by splenic application. Liver-related blood parameters (international normalized ratio, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) and liver histology (hematoxylin-eosin, Sudan III) were determined to monitor liver function. Metabolic changes were assessed by metabolomic analyses in the remnant liver and the serum. Liver damage and regeneration were quantified by determination of the apoptotic and proliferation rates. RESULTS MSCs supported survival after partial hepatectomy. They decreased liver-related blood parameters indicative for the improvement of liver function. The extensive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes illustrating the metabolic overload after resection was attenuated. Treatment with MSCs normalized imbalance of amino acids, acylcarnitines, sphingolipids, and glycerophospholipids in the liver and blood. Furthermore, MSCs decreased the apoptotic rate and increased the proliferation rate. The experimental time period (48 hours) was too short to allow for integration of MSCs into the host liver. Thus, the mode of action was probably indirect. CONCLUSIONS MSCs ameliorated hepatic dysfunction and improved liver regeneration after extended resection by paracrine mechanisms. They may represent a new therapeutic option to treat posthepatectomy acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- *Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Germany †Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ‡Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany §Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ¶Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Al-Shaaibi SNK, Waly MI, Al-Subhi L, Tageldin MH, Al-Balushi NM, Rahman MS. Ameliorative Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract against Dietary-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:14-23. [PMID: 27069901 PMCID: PMC4827630 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract (PPE) against oxidative stress in the liver of rats with NAFLD. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD), 20% corn oil, or palm oil for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of PPE. The control group was fed a basal diet. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated histologically and by measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum lipids (triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers. The HFD feeding increased the body weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of PPE ameliorated the hepatic morphology, reduced body weight, improved liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Furthermore, PPE enhanced the cellular redox status in the liver tissue of rats with NAFLD. Our findings suggest that PPE could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. PPE might be considered as a potential lead material in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham N K Al-Shaaibi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mostafa I Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lyutha Al-Subhi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohamed H Tageldin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nada M Al-Balushi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammad S Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Li X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Wang S, Meng Q, Wu S, Yang H, Xia Y, Chen R. An acetyl-L-carnitine switch on mitochondrial dysfunction and rescue in the metabolomics study on aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:4. [PMID: 26772537 PMCID: PMC4715336 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the wide application of engineered aluminum oxide nanoparticles and increased aluminum containing particulate matter suspending in air, exposure of human to nano-scale aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) is becoming inevitable. Methods In the present study, RNA microarray coupled with metabolomics analysis were used to uncover mechanisms underlying cellular responses to Al2O3 NPs and imply the potential rescue. Results We found that Al2O3 NPs significantly triggered down-regulation of mitochondria-related genes located in complex I, IV and V, which were involved in oxidative phosphorylation and neural degeneration pathways, in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Subsequent cell- and animal- based assays confirmed that Al2O3 NPs caused mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and oxidative stress either in vitro or in vivo, which were consistent with the trends of gene regulation. To rescue the Al2O3 NPs induced mitochondria dysfunction, disruption of small molecular metabolites of HBE were profiled using metabolomics analysis, which facilitates identification of potential antagonizer or supplement against nanoparticle-involved damages. Supplementation of an antioxidant, acetyl-L-carnitine, completely or partially restored the Al2O3 NPs modulated gene expression levels in mitochondrial complex I, IV and V. It further reduced apoptosis and oxidative damages in both Al2O3 NPs treated HBE cells and animal lung tissues. Conclusion Thus, our results demonstrate the potential mechanism of respiratory system damages induced by Al2O3 NPs. Meanwhile, based on the metabolomics profiling, application of acetyl-L-carnitine is suggested to ameliorate mitochondria dysfunction associated with Al2O3 NPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0115-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shenshen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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ATP synthase deficiency due to TMEM70 mutation leads to ultrastructural mitochondrial degeneration and is amenable to treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:462592. [PMID: 26550569 PMCID: PMC4621340 DOI: 10.1155/2015/462592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TMEM70 is involved in the biogenesis of mitochondrial ATP synthase and mutations in the TMEM70 gene impair oxidative phosphorylation. Herein, we report on pathology and treatment of ATP synthase deficiency in four siblings. A consanguineous family of Roma (Gipsy) ethnic origin gave birth to 6 children of which 4 were affected presenting with dysmorphic features, failure to thrive, cardiomyopathy, metabolic crises, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as clinical symptoms. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous mutation (c.317-2A>G) in the TMEM70 gene. While light microscopy was unremarkable, ultrastructural investigation of muscle tissue revealed accumulation of swollen degenerated mitochondria with lipid crystalloid inclusions, cristae aggregation, and exocytosis of mitochondrial material. Biochemical analysis of mitochondrial complexes showed an almost complete ATP synthase deficiency. Despite harbouring the same mutation, the clinical outcome in the four siblings was different. Two children died within 60 h after birth; the other two had recurrent life-threatening metabolic crises but were successfully managed with supplementation of anaplerotic amino acids, lipids, and symptomatic treatment during metabolic crisis. In summary, TMEM70 mutations can cause distinct ultrastructural mitochondrial degeneration and almost complete deficiency of ATP synthase but are still amenable to treatment.
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Panchal SK, Poudyal H, Ward LC, Waanders J, Brown L. Modulation of tissue fatty acids by L-carnitine attenuates metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2015; 6:2496-506. [PMID: 26190559 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidaemia are metabolic defects resulting from impaired lipid metabolism. These impairments are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Correcting the defects in lipid metabolism may attenuate obesity and dyslipidaemia, and reduce cardiovascular risk and liver damage. L-Carnitine supplementation was used in this study to enhance fatty acid oxidation so as to ameliorate diet-induced disturbances in lipid metabolism. Male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old) were fed with either corn starch or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diets for 16 weeks. Separate groups were supplemented with L-carnitine (1.2% in food) on either diet for the last 8 weeks of the protocol. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats showed central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. L-Carnitine supplementation attenuated these high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced changes, together with modifications in lipid metabolism including the inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 activity, reduced storage of short-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in the tissues with decreased linoleic acid content and trans fatty acids stored in retroperitoneal fat. Thus, L-carnitine supplementation attenuated the signs of metabolic syndrome through inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 activity, preferential β-oxidation of some fatty acids and increased storage of saturated fatty acids and relatively inert oleic acid in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panchal
- Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
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