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Huang L, Tan L, Lv Z, Chen W, Wu J. Pharmacology of bioactive compounds from plant extracts for improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25053. [PMID: 38322838 PMCID: PMC10844061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition with significant clinical implications. Emerging research indicates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a critical pathogenic factor governing inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism and insulin signal transduction in patients with NAFLD. ER stress-associated activation of multiple signal transduction pathways, including the unfolded protein response, disrupts lipid homeostasis and substantially contributes to NAFLD development and progression. Targeting ER stress for liver function enhancement presents an innovative therapeutic strategy. Notably, the natural bioactive compounds of plant extracts have shown potential for treating NAFLD by reducing the level of ER stress marker proteins and mitigating inflammation, stress responses, and de novo lipogenesis. However, owing to limited comprehensive reviews, the effectiveness and pharmacology of these bioactive compounds remain uncertain. Objectives To address the abovementioned challenges, the current review categorizes the bioactive compounds of plant extracts by chemical structures and properties into flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, lipids and quinones and examines their ameliorative potential for NAFLD under ER stress. Methods This review systematically analyses the literature on the interactions of bioactive compounds from plant extracts with molecular targets under ER stress, providing a holistic view of NAFLD therapy. Results Bioactive compounds from plant extracts may improve NAFLD by alleviating ER stress; reducing lipid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhancing fatty acid metabolism. This provides a multifaceted approach for treating NAFLD. Conclusion This review underscores the role of ER stress in NAFLD and the potential of plant bioactive compounds in treating this condition. The molecular mechanisms by which plant bioactive compounds interact with their ER stress targets provide a basis for further exploration in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
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Moretti JB, Drouin A, Truong C, Youn E, Cloutier A, Alvarez F, Paganelli M, Grzywacz K, Jantchou P, Dubois J, Levy E, El Jalbout R. Effects of polyphenol supplementation on hepatic steatosis, intima-media thickness and non-invasive vascular elastography in obese adolescents: a pilot study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074882. [PMID: 38296273 PMCID: PMC10828866 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent in obese adolescents. Increased systemic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity linked to obesity affect the liver and are also associated with cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. However, NAFLD and vascular alterations are reversible. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a prospective open-label randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of polyphenols on NAFLD and vascular parameters in obese adolescents. Children aged 12-18 years with hepatic steatosis (n=60) will be recruited. The participants will be randomised with a 1:1 allocation ratio to receive polyphenol supplementation one time per day for 8 weeks along with the clinician-prescribed treatment (group B, n=30) or to continue the prescribed treatment without taking any polyphenols (group A, n=30). The outcome measures will be collected from both the groups at day 1 before starting polyphenol supplementation, at day 60 after 8 weeks of supplementation and at day 120, that is, 60 days after supplementation. The changes in hepatic steatosis and vascular parameters will be measured using liver and vascular imaging. Furthermore, anthropometric measures, blood tests and stool samples for gut microbiome analysis will be collected. After evaluating the study's feasibility, we hypothesise that, as a secondary outcome, compared with group A, the adolescents in group B will have improved NAFLD, vascular parameters, systemic inflammation and gut microbiome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by Health Canada and the hospital ethics. Participants and their parents/tutors will both provide consent. Trial results will be communicated to the collaborating gastroenterologists who follow the enrolled participants. Abstracts and scientific articles will be submitted to high-impact radiological societies and journals. CLINICALTRIALS gov ID: NCT03994029. Health Canada authorisation referral number: 250 811. Protocole version 13, 2 June 2023. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03994029.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anik Cloutier
- CHU Sainte-Justine Centre de Recherche, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emile Levy
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ramy El Jalbout
- Medical Imaging Department, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Chen H, Zhou S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Leng L, Cao Z, Luan P, Li Y, Wang S, Li H, Cheng B. HBP1 promotes chicken preadipocyte proliferation via directly repressing SOCS3 transcription. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128414. [PMID: 38029903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Preadipocyte proliferation is an essential process in adipose development. During proliferation of preadipocytes, transcription factors play crucial roles. HMG-box protein 1 (HBP1) is an important transcription factor of cellular proliferation. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of HBP1 in the proliferation of preadipocytes remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression level of HBP1 decreased first and then increased during the proliferation of chicken preadipocytes. Knockout of HBP1 could inhibit the proliferation of preadipocytes, while overexpression of HBP1 could promote the proliferation of preadipocytes. ChIP-seq data showed that HBP1 had the unique DNA binding motif in chicken preadipocytes. By integrating ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we revealed a total of 3 candidate target genes of HBP1. Furthermore, the results of ChIP-qPCR, RT-qPCR, luciferase reporter assay and EMSA showed that HBP1 could inhibit the transcription of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by binding to its promoter. Moreover, we confirmed that SOCS3 can mediate the regulation of HBP1 on the proliferation of preadipocytes through RNAi and rescue experiments. Altogether, these data demonstrated that HBP1 directly targets SOCS3 to regulate chicken preadipocyte proliferation. Our findings expand the transcriptional regulatory network of preadipocyte proliferation, and they will be helpful in formulating a molecular breeding scheme to control excessive abdominal fat deposition and to improve meat quality in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Youdong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Bohan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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5
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Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Cancer Activity of the Vernonanthura Nudiflora Hydroethanolic Extract. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051627. [PMID: 36900417 PMCID: PMC10000589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein is involved in several essential cancer hallmarks, including energy and metabolism reprogramming and apoptotic cell death evasion. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of hydroethanolic extracts from three different plants, Vernonanthura nudiflora (Vern), Baccharis trimera (Bac), and Plantago major (Pla), to induce cell death. We focused on the most active Vern extract. We demonstrated that it activates multiple pathways that lead to impaired cell energy and metabolism homeostasis, elevated ROS production, increased intracellular Ca2+, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. The massive cell death generated by this plant extract's active compounds involves the induction of VDAC1 overexpression and oligomerization and, thereby, apoptosis. Gas chromatography of the hydroethanolic plant extract identified dozens of compounds, including phytol and ethyl linoleate, with the former producing similar effects as the Vern hydroethanolic extract but at 10-fold higher concentrations than those found in the extract. In a xenograft glioblastoma mouse model, both the Vern extract and phytol strongly inhibited tumor growth and cell proliferation and induced massive tumor cell death, including of cancer stem cells, inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, the multiple effects of Vern extract make it a promising potential cancer therapeutic.
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6
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Li S, Yin S, Ding H, Shao Y, Zhou S, Pu W, Han L, Wang T, Yu H. Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13346. [PMID: 36229407 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival. Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation. METHODS We conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention. RESULTS Targeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell-signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer. CONCLUSION This review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Luo Y, Jiao Q, Chen Y. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-the responder to lipotoxicity and modulator of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1073-1085. [PMID: 36657744 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2170780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs with aberrant lipid accumulation and resultant adverse effects and widely exists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis and actively participates in NAFLD pathological processes, including hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis. Such acknowledges drive the discovery of novel NAFLD biomarker and therapeutic targets and the development of ER-stress targeted NAFLD drugs. AREAS COVERED This article discusses and updates the role of ER stress and UPR in NAFLD, the underlying action mechanism, and especially their full participation in NAFLD pathophysiology. It characterizes key molecular targets useful for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and highlights the recent ER stress-targeted therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. EXPERT OPINION Targeting ER Stress is a valuable and promising strategy for NAFLD treatment, but its smooth translation into clinical application still requires better clarification of the different UPR patterns in diverse NAFLD physiological states. Further understanding of the distinct effects of these various patterns on NAFLD, the thresholds deciding their final impacts, and their actions via non-liver tissues and cells would be of great help to develop a precise and effective therapy for NAFLD. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Totonchi H, Mokarram P, Karima S, Rezaei R, Dastghaib S, Koohpeyma F, Noori S, Azarpira N. Resveratrol promotes liver cell survival in mice liver-induced ischemia-reperfusion through unfolded protein response: a possible approach in liver transplantation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:74. [PMID: 36175937 PMCID: PMC9520806 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the liver is a multifactorial condition that happens during transplantation and surgery. The deleterious effects of I/R result from the acute production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger immediate tissue damage and induce a series of destructive cellular responses, including apoptosis organ failure and inflammation. The production of ROS in the I/R process can damage the antioxidant system and cause liver damage. Resveratrol has been shown to have antioxidant properties in several investigations. Here, we address the therapeutic effect of resveratrol on I/R-induced liver injury by focusing on unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. Methods Five minutes before reperfusion, resveratrol was injected into the tail vein of mice. They were ischemic for 1 h and then re-perfused for 3 h before being slaughtered (I/R). The activity of liver enzymes and the expression levels of genes involved in the unfolded protein response pathway were used to measure the hepatic damage. Results Our results revealed that the low dose of resveratrol (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg) post-ischemic treatment significantly reduced the ALT and AST levels. In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of UPR pathway genes GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, CHOP, and XBP1 was significantly reduced in the resveratrol group. In the mice that received lower doses of resveratrol (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg), the histopathological changes induced by I/R were significantly improved; however, the highest dose (2 mg/kg) of resveratrol could not significantly protect and solve the I/R damage. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that hepatic ischemia occurs after liver transplantation and that receiving low-dose resveratrol treatment before reperfusion may promote graft survival through inhibition of UPR arms, especially PERK and IRE1α. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00611-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Totonchi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Anapali M, Kaya-Dagistanli F, Akdemir AS, Aydemir D, Ulusu NN, Ulutin T, Uysal O, Tanriverdi G, Ozturk M. Combined resveratrol and vitamin D treatment ameliorate inflammation-related liver fibrosis, ER stress, and apoptosis in a high-fructose diet/streptozotocin-induced T2DM model. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:279-296. [PMID: 35849204 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high fructose diet is a major cause of diabetes and various metabolic disorders, including fatty liver. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol and vitamin D (VitD) treatments on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and liver regeneration in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely, T2DM Sprague-Dawley rats. This T2DM rat model was created through a combination treatment of a 10% fructose diet and 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Resveratrol (1 mg/kg/day) and VitD (170/IU/week) were administered alone and in combination to both the diabetic and control groups. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate PCNA, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, GRP78, and active caspase-3 in liver tissue. The TUNEL method and Sirius red staining were used to determine apoptosis and fibrosis, respectively. G6PD, 6-PGD, GR, and GST activities were measured to determine oxidative stress status. We found that the expressions of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) correlated with NF-κB activation and were significantly increased in the T2DM rats. Increased GRP78 expression, indicating ER stress, increased in apoptotic cells, enhanced caspase-3 activation, and collagen accumulation surrounding the central vein were observed in the T2DM group compared with the other groups. The combination VitD + resveratrol treatment improved antioxidant defense via increasing G6PD, 6-PGD, GR, and GST activities compared to the diabetic groups. We concluded that the combined administration of resveratrol with VitD ameliorates the adverse effects of T2DM by regulating blood glucose levels, increasing antioxidant defense mechanisms, controlling ER stress, enhancing tissue regeneration, improving inflammation, and reducing apoptosis in liver cells. In conclusion, this study indicates that the combination treatment of resveratrol + VitD can be a beneficial option for preventing liver damage in fructose-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Anapali
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya-Dagistanli
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Seda Akdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriverdi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Son HK, Xiang H, Park S, Lee J, Lee JJ, Jung S, Ha JH. Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010986. [PMID: 34682732 PMCID: PMC8535618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the partial replacement of dietary fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ameliorated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and provided each of the following diets: (1) high-fat diet (HFD), (2) HFD with perilla oil (PO), and (3) HFD with corn oil (CO). After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) from Escherichia coli O55:B5 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Following LPS stimulation, serum insulin levels were increased, while PO and CO lowered the serum levels of glucose and insulin. In the liver, LPS increased the triglyceride levels, while PO and CO alleviated the LPS-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In the LPS injected rats, the mRNA expression of genes related to inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was attenuated by PO and CO in the liver. Furthermore, hepatic levels of proteins involved in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, antioxidant response, and ER stress were lowered by PO- and CO-replacement. Therefore, the partial replacement of dietary fat with PUFAs alleviates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation during HFD consumption, which may decrease metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kyoung Son
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Huo Xiang
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Seohyun Park
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sunyoon Jung
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.-K.S.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (J.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-8005-3186 (S.J.); +82-41-550-3479 (J.-H.H.)
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12
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The Effect of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular System from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Results. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810152. [PMID: 34576315 PMCID: PMC8466271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. The cardioprotective effects of natural polyphenols such as resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) have been extensively investigated throughout recent decades. Many studies of RES have focused on its favorable effects on pathological conditions related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The aim of this review was to summarize the wide beneficial effects of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system, including signal transduction pathways of cell longevity, energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes or cardiac remodeling, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, this paper discusses the significant preclinical and human clinical trials of recent years with resveratrol on cardiovascular system. Finally, we present a short overview of antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and possible future perspectives on RES against COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases.
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Chen M, Xie Y, Gong S, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhou T, Huang F, Guo X, Zhang H, Huang R, Han Z, Xing Y, Liu Q, Tong G, Zhou H. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105849. [PMID: 34450307 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease in clinical practice. It has been considered that NASH is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and carcinoma. The mechanism of the NASH progression is complex, including lipid metabolism dysfunction, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Except for lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery, there has been no pharmacological therapy that is being officially approved in NASH treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a conventional and effective therapeutic strategy, has been proved to be beneficial in treating NASH in numbers of studies. In the light of this, TCM may provide a potential therapy for treating NASH. In this review, we summarized the associated mechanisms of action TCM treating NASH in preclinical studies and systematically analysis the effectiveness of TCM treating NASH in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, PR China
| | - Shenglan Gong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunqiao Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Tianran Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Furong Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China.
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14
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Ahmadi A, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Resveratrol and endoplasmic reticulum stress: A review of the potential protective mechanisms of the polyphenol. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5564-5583. [PMID: 34114705 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that performs a set of essential functions in cellular biology. These include synthesis of lipids, homeostasis of calcium, and controlling the folding of proteins. Inflammation and oxidative stress are two important reasons behind the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. In such circumstances, a series of measures are undertaken in the cell which are collectively called unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim of UPR is to reduce the burden of protein aggregates and promote survival. However, extended and unrestricted ER stress (ERS) can induce further inflammation and apoptosis. ERS and the UPR are involved in different diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has well-documented evidence supporting its numerous biological properties including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, and antiischemic activities. The compound is also known for its potential beneficial effects on cognitive function and liver, kidney, and lung health. In this review, the role of ERS in several pathological conditions and the potential protective effects of RSV are discussed. However, the scarcity of clinical data means that more research needs to be conducted to gain a lucid understanding of RSV's effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Lu J, Gong Y, Wei X, Yao Z, Yang R, Xin J, Gao L, Shao S. Changes in hepatic triglyceride content with the activation of ER stress and increased FGF21 secretion during pregnancy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:40. [PMID: 33849585 PMCID: PMC8045396 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To meet the needs of foetal growth and development, marked changes in lipid profiles occur during pregnancy. Abnormal lipid metabolism is often accompanied by adverse pregnancy outcomes, which seriously affect maternal and infant health. Further understanding of the mechanism of lipid metabolism during pregnancy would be helpful to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Pregnant mice were euthanized in the virgin (V) state, on day 5 of pregnancy (P5), on day 12 of pregnancy (P12), on day 19 of pregnancy (P19) and on lactation day 2 (L2). Body weight and energy expenditure were assessed to evaluate the general condition of the mice. Triglyceride (TG) levels, the cholesterol content in the liver, liver histopathology, serum lipid profiles, serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels and the levels of relevant target genes were analysed. Results During early pregnancy, anabolism was found to play a major role in liver lipid deposition. In contrast, advanced pregnancy is an overall catabolic condition associated with both increased energy expenditure and reduced lipogenesis. Moreover, the accumulation of hepatic TG did not appear until P12, after the onset of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on P5. Then, catabolism was enhanced, and FGF21 secretion was increased in the livers of female mice in late pregnancy. We further found that the expression of sec23a, which as the coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicle coat proteins regulates the secretion of FGF21, in the liver was decreased on P19. Conclusion With the activation of ER stress and increased FGF21 secretion during pregnancy, the hepatic TG content changes, suggesting that ER stress and FGF21 may play an important role in balancing lipid homeostasis and meeting maternal and infant energy requirements in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhong Wei
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxing Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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16
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Resveratrol Metabolites Are Able to Reduce Steatosis in Cultured Hepatocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100285. [PMID: 33008087 PMCID: PMC7601480 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steatosis is characterized primarily by excessive lipid accumulation in the form of triglycerides in the liver. Although resveratrol shows a low bioavailability, it has significant positive effects on steatosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whether some phase II and microbial resveratrol metabolites (trans-resveratrol-4'-O-glucuronide (R-4G); trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide (R-3G); trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate (R-S) and dihydro-resveratrol (DH-R) were effective in reducing hepatocyte fat accumulation. An in vitro model mimicking the hepatocyte situation in fatty liver was developed by incubating mouse AML12 hepatocytes with palmitic acid (PA). For cell treatments, hepatocytes were incubated with 1, 10, or 25 µM resveratrol or its metabolites. Triglycerides and cell viability were assessed using commercial kits. Protein expression of enzymes and transporters involved in triglyceride metabolism were analyzed by western blot. We show for the first time that resveratrol and all the tested metabolites, at 1 µM, partially prevented lipid accumulation induced by the saturated fatty acid PA in AML12 hepatocytes. This effect was mainly due to the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis. This demonstrates that the low bioavailability of resveratrol is not as big a problem as it was thought to be, because resveratrol metabolites contribute to the delipidating effects of the parent compound.
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17
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Sasi USS, Ganapathy S, Palayyan SR, Gopal RK. Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs): Emerging Drug Targets for Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3362-3385. [PMID: 30747057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190212121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MAMs, the physical association between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are, functional domains performing a significant role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It is evolving as an important signaling center that coordinates nutrient and hormonal signaling for the proper regulation of hepatic insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, MAMs can be considered as hot spots for the transmission of stress signals from ER to mitochondria. The altered interaction between ER and mitochondria results in the amendment of several insulin-sensitive tissues, revealing the role of MAMs in glucose homeostasis. The development of mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, altered lipid and Ca2+ homeostasis are typically co-related with insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction. But little facts are known about the role played by these stresses in the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms involved in maintaining the contact site with new avenues of investigations for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic targets for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- U S Swapna Sasi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIRNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sindhu Ganapathy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIRNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Salin Raj Palayyan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIRNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raghu K Gopal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIRNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Sirt1-PPARS Cross-Talk in Complex Metabolic Diseases and Inherited Disorders of the One Carbon Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081882. [PMID: 32796716 PMCID: PMC7465293 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) has a NAD (+) binding domain and modulates the acetylation status of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and Fork Head Box O1 transcription factor (Foxo1) according to the nutritional status. Sirt1 is decreased in obese patients and increased in weight loss. Its decreased expression explains part of the pathomechanisms of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DT2), cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic liver disease. Sirt1 plays an important role in the differentiation of adipocytes and in insulin signaling regulated by Foxo1 and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Its overexpression attenuates inflammation and macrophage infiltration induced by a high fat diet. Its decreased expression plays a prominent role in the heart, liver and brain of rat as manifestations of fetal programming produced by deficit in vitamin B12 and folate during pregnancy and lactation through imbalanced methylation/acetylation of PGC1α and altered expression and methylation of nuclear receptors. The decreased expression of Sirt1 produced by impaired cellular availability of vitamin B12 results from endoplasmic reticulum stress through subcellular mislocalization of ELAVL1/HuR protein that shuttles Sirt1 mRNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Preclinical and clinical studies of Sirt1 agonists have produced contrasted results in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. A preclinical study has produced promising results in the treatment of inherited disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism.
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Shen M, Jia P, Ji S, Wang T. Resveratrol Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Hepatic Steatosis and Injury in Mice Challenged with Tunicamycin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000105. [PMID: 32529694 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is widely recognized as a critical factor linked to lipid metabolic disorders in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its pathogenesis remains elusive, and therapeutic options are limited. This study investigates the potential of resveratrol (RSV) to alleviate hepatic steatosis and injury in a tunicamycin (TM)-induced murine ER stress model and provides detailed evidence. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered either RSV or vehicle for 2 weeks before the TM challenge. Results indicated that TM induced ER morphological damage and severe unfolded protein reaction (UPR), accompanied by increases in lipid accumulation, oxidative damage, and inflammatory response. Administering RSV decreased the expression of ER stress markers, partially normalized the active levels of UPR sensors, and facilitated sirtuin 1 activity in the liver under ER stress. Notably, the TM-induced hepatic steatosis was also alleviated by RSV, possibly by regulating the expression pattern of genes involving lipid oxidation and delivery. Consistently, RSV attenuated the TM-induced increases in lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the overactivation of inflammatory signals. CONCLUSION RSV may have an auxiliary therapeutic potential to prevent the development of steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis in the liver by alleviating severe ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Peilu Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
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20
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α-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Cold-Pressed Perilla Oil Suppress High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis through Amelioration of the ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112662. [PMID: 32521713 PMCID: PMC7321089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla oil has been considered to have excellent potential for treating various diseases due to its contents of beneficial fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of an α-linolenic acid-enriched cold-pressed perilla oil (LEP) on hepatic steatosis of an obesity model were investigated by analyzing alterations in fat accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity C57BL/6N mice treated with LEP for 16 weeks. Although no significant alterations were detected in body weight and most organ weights, the liver weight and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver section were significantly lower in HFD + LEP treated group as compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Reduced mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis and lipogenesis regulating factors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2) were observed after LEP treatment for 16 weeks, while the levels of lipolysis were remarkably increased in the same group. Moreover, the LEP-treated groups showed suppression of ER stress-regulating factors, such as the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1)α, and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) during anti-hepatic steatosis effects. The expression level of the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway for the autophagy response showed a significant decrease in the HFD+LEP-treated group. Furthermore, ER stress-mediated autophagy was accompanied with enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38 protein in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that treatment with LEP inhibits hepatic steatosis in the HFD-induced obese model through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis. We believe our results are the first to show that the anti-hepatic steatosis activity of α-linolenic acid from cold-pressed perilla oil might be tightly correlated with the amelioration of ER stress-mediated autophagy.
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21
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Gómez-Zorita S, Rolo AP, Portillo MP. The influence of dietary conditions in the effects of resveratrol on hepatic steatosis. Food Funct 2020; 11:9432-9444. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the major cause for the development of chronic liver alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - L. Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - S. Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
| | - A. P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - M. P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Lucio Lascaray Research Center
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22
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The vital role of ATP citrate lyase in chronic diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:71-95. [PMID: 31858156 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic or non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide; they usually result in long-term illnesses and demand long-term care. Despite advances in molecular therapeutics, specific biomarkers and targets for the treatment of these diseases are required. The dysregulation of de novo lipogenesis has been found to play an essential role in cell metabolism and is associated with the development and progression of many chronic diseases; this confirms the link between obesity and various chronic diseases. The main enzyme in this pathway-ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a lipogenic enzyme-catalyzes the critical reaction linking cellular glucose catabolism and lipogenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that the modulation of ACLY expression correlates with the development and progressions of various chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the inhibition of ACLY activity modulates the glycolysis and lipogenesis processes and stimulates normal physiological functions. This comprehensive review aimed to critically evaluate the role of ACLY in the development and progression of different diseases and the effects of its downregulation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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23
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Mundi MS, Velapati S, Patel J, Kellogg TA, Abu Dayyeh BK, Hurt RT. Evolution of NAFLD and Its Management. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 35:72-84. [PMID: 31840865 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25% and continues to rise worldwide in the setting of the obesity epidemic. This increase is especially concerning because NAFLD is often a progressive disease that can be associated with significant complications such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and an increase in liver-related and overall mortality. Because of the devastating complications and comorbidities, NAFLD is a very costly disease for the healthcare system, with estimated annual direct medical costs exceeding $100 billion in the United States alone. Given this progressive course, it is imperative to make the diagnosis in patients with risk factors (metabolic syndrome, weight gain, and insulin resistance/diabetes). Once the diagnosis is made, the focus should shift to treatment and monitoring for the development of associated complications. Given that currently no pharmaceutical intervention is approved for the treatment of NAFLD, focus shifts instead to mitigation of risk factors through avoidance of foods that are rich in red meat, trans fats, refined carbohydrates, and high-fructose corn syrup; are low fiber; and have high energy density. The landmark of treatment, however, continues to be weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance, often through a multimodality approach. The current manuscript reviews the clinical phenotypes of NAFLD, its risk factors, and pathogenesis, as well as treatment options including lifestyle modifications and dietary interventions, medical therapies, endoscopic bariatric interventions, and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Saketh Velapati
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janki Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Division of Breast, Endocrine, Metabolic, and GI surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barham K Abu Dayyeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Breast, Endocrine, Metabolic, and GI surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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24
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Bang IH, Kwon OK, Hao L, Park D, Chung MJ, Oh BC, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. Deacetylation of XBP1s by sirtuin 6 confers resistance to ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31541078 PMCID: PMC6802632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The active spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is a key modulator of ER stress, but the functional role of its post-translational modification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that XBP1s is a deacetylation target of Sirt6 and that its deacetylation protects against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Specifically, the abundance of acetylated XBP1s and concordant hepatic steatosis were increased in hepatocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout and obese mice but were decreased by genetic overexpression and pharmacological activation of Sirt6. Mechanistically, we identified that Sirt6 deacetylated a transactivation domain of XBP1s at Lys257 and Lys297 and promoted XBP1s protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Overexpression of XBP1s, but not its deacetylation mutant 2KR (K257/297R), in mice increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Importantly, in liver tissues obtained from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the extent of XBP1s acetylation correlated positively with the NAFLD activity score but negatively with the Sirt6 level. Collectively, we present direct evidence supporting the importance of XBP1 acetylation in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Activating a protein that regulates cellular health could protect against fat accumulation during the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high-fat diet disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular membrane network responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins and fats, and can lead to NAFLD development. Previous studies found that a protein called XBP1s activates fat-related genes during NAFLD. Byung-Hyun Park and Eun Ju Bae at Chonbuk National University in Jeonbuk, South Korea, and co-workers, recently demonstrated that high levels of a regulatory protein called Sirt6 limits liver inflammation and ER stress during high-fat diets. Now, in experiments on mouse models and human liver cells, Park’s team have shown that Sirt6 reduces liver ER stress by modifying XBP1s. Encouraging Sirt6 activation may help protect against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dami Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Carvajal S, Perramón M, Oró D, Casals E, Fernández-Varo G, Casals G, Parra M, González de la Presa B, Ribera J, Pastor Ó, Morales-Ruíz M, Puntes V, Jiménez W. Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antilipogenic effect in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12848. [PMID: 31492960 PMCID: PMC6731222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Recently, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have emerged as a new antioxidant agent with hepatoprotective properties in experimental liver disease. The aim of the current investigation was to elucidate whether CeO2NPs display beneficial effects in an experimental model of NAFLD.Therefore, fifteen Wistar rats were subjected to a methionine and choline deficient diet (MCDD) for 6 weeks and intravenously treated with CeO2NP or vehicle during the weeks three and four of the diet. The effect of CeO2NPs on serum biochemistry, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fatty acid content and expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism related genes was assessed. MCDD fed rats showed increased inflammation, enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and overexpression of genes related to fatty liver and ROS metabolism. Treatment with CeO2NPs was able to reduce the size and content of hepatocyte lipid droplets, the hepatic concentration of triglyceride- and cholesterol ester-derived FAs and the expression of several genes involved in cytokine, adipokine and chemokine signaling pathways. These findings suggest that CeO2NPs could be of beneficial value in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Perramón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Oró
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Casals
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Working group for the biochemical assessment of hepatic disease-SEQCML, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Parra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Pastor
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruíz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Working group for the biochemical assessment of hepatic disease-SEQCML, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Puntes
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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de Freitas Carvalho MM, Lage NN, de Souza Paulino AH, Pereira RR, de Almeida LT, da Silva TF, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Lima WG, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML, da Costa Guerra JF. Effects of açai on oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation-related parameters in mice with high fat diet-fed induced NAFLD. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8107. [PMID: 31147590 PMCID: PMC6542795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most predominant liver disease worldwide, is a progressive condition that encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanism is complex and multifactorial, several intracellular events leading to its progression have been identified, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Phenolic compounds, such as those present in açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), are considered promising therapeutic agents due to their possible beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. We tested in vitro effects of aqueous açai extract (AAE) in HepG2 cells and its influence on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in a murine model of high fat diet-induced NAFLD. In vitro AAE exhibited high antioxidant capacity, high potential to inhibit reactive oxygen species production, and no cytotoxicity. In vivo, AAE administration (3 g/kg) for six weeks attenuated liver damage (alanine aminotransferase levels), inflammatory process (number of inflammatory cells and serum TNFα), and oxidative stress, through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins determined by OxyBlot and modulation of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase, SOD and catalase. No change was observed in collagen content indicating an absence of fibrosis, stress-related genes in RE, and protein expression of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. With these results, we provide evidence that açai exhibits hepatoprotective effects and may prevent the progression of liver damage related to NAFLD by targeting pathways involved in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Medeiros de Freitas Carvalho
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Nara Nunes Lage
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice Helena de Souza Paulino
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Trindade de Almeida
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Foods, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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27
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Hong T, Ge Z, Zhang B, Meng R, Zhu D, Bi Y. Erythropoietin suppresses hepatic steatosis and obesity by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and upregulating fibroblast growth factor 21. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:469-478. [PMID: 31173165 PMCID: PMC6605699 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), known primarily for its role in erythropoiesis, was recently reported to play a beneficial role in regulating lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism through which EPO decreases hepatic lipid accumulation requires further investigation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may contribute to the progression of hepatic steatosis. The present study investigated the effects of EPO on regulating ER stress in fatty liver. It was demonstrated that EPO inhibited hepatic ER stress and steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were abrogated in liver-specific sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, in palmitate-treated hepatocytes, small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT1 silencing suppressed the effects of EPO on lipid-induced ER stress. Additionally, EPO stimulated hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression and secretion in a SIRT1-dependent manner in mice. Furthermore, the sensitivity of hepatocytes from obese mice to FGF21 was restored following treatment with EPO. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed a new mechanism underlying the regulation of hepatic ER stress and FGF21 expression induced by EPO; thus, EPO may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of fatty liver and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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28
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Charytoniuk T, Harasim-Symbor E, Polak A, Drygalski K, Berk K, Chabowski A, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K. Influence of Resveratrol on Sphingolipid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Lipid Overload State. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:121-129. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181224161255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is characterized by increased long chain fatty acids (LCFA) uptake and impaired
lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. Consequently, an enhanced intracellular lipid content, including sphingolipids,
may lead to lipotoxicity. It is believed that resveratrol (RSV), one of the most extensively studied
plant-derived polyphenols, and its interaction with sphingolipid metabolism may constitute one of the major
therapeutic targets for cancer and metabolic diseases treatment.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to ascertain, whether resveratrol may affect sphingolipid metabolic pathways,
enzymes and transporters in a lipid overload state.
Methods:
The experiments were conducted on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) incubated with RSV
and/or Palmitic Acid (PA) at the concentration of 0.5 mM and 50 µM, respectively for 16h. Intra- and extracellular
sphingolipid concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas liquid
chromatography. Moreover, the expression of caspase 3, selected fatty acid transporters and sphingolipid
metabolism pathway proteins were estimated by Western Blot.
Results:
RSV alone and together with PA significantly increased the intracellular concentration of ceramide,
sphinganine and sphingosine as well as the expression of enzymes related to de novo ceramide synthesis pathway.
Moreover, in our study, we observed augmented ceramide and sphingomyelin efflux into the incubation
media in these groups. In addition, RSV substantially reduced intracellular triacylglycerols accumulation in lipid
overload conditions.
Conclusion:
The above-mentioned findings suggest that RSV, at least partially, demonstrates a potential protective
effect on HepG2 cells in a lipid overload state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Charytoniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Polak
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drygalski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza St 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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29
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Yogalakshmi B, Sathiya Priya C, Anuradha CV. Grape seed proanthocyanidins and metformin combination attenuate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats subjected to nutrition excess. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:174-183. [PMID: 29482356 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1444058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver is a pathological outcome of nutrient excess and is suggested to be one of the hits for progressive liver injury. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) and metformin (MET) alone or in combination can relieve hepatic ER stress induced in rats subjected to calorie excess. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were given high calorie diet (HCD) for 45 days, while GSP (100 mg/kg body weight) and MET (50 mg/kg body weight) were administered either alone or in combination for last 15 days. RESULTS GSP, MET or both had reduced the levels of ER stress markers and chaperons, and suppressed the activation of lipogenic and inflammatory mediators in rat liver. DISCUSSION Though GSP and MET had reduced ER stress and inflammation individually, combination treatment with GSP + MET was more effective. CONCLUSION We suggest intervention with GSP and MET intake has to be considered for the management of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Yogalakshmi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar , India
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30
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Feng Y, He Z, Mao C, Shui X, Cai L. Therapeutic Effects of Resveratrol Liposome on Muscle Injury in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2377-2385. [PMID: 30936416 PMCID: PMC6457134 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we prepared liposome microbubbles loading resveratrol (LMLR) and evaluated its therapeutic effect on injury of gastrocnemius muscle in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS LMLR was prepared and characterized by particle size, potential, and microscopy, and a rat model of acute blunt injury of gastrocnemius muscle was established. After treatments with resveratrol or LMLR, the therapeutic effects were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression of MHCIIB and vimentin in mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR. The expression of desmin and collagen I protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS LMLR showed regular cycle shape in a size of ~1000 nm. LMLR was negatively charged (-30 mV). The in vitro release of LMLR was close to 80% at 10 h and 90% at 48 h. Acute gastrocnemius muscle injury was established in rats and tissue recovery was observed after LMLR treatment as evidenced by HE staining, decreased expression of MHCIIB, and increased expression of vimentin. Moreover, LMLR treatment obviously facilitated desmin expression and reduced collagen I expression. CONCLUSIONS LMLR is effective in treating acute blunt injury of gastrocnemius muscle in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzeng Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zili He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Cong Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Shui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Leyi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Potential Involvement of Peripheral Leptin/STAT3 Signaling in the Effects of Resveratrol and Its Metabolites on Reducing Body Fat Accumulation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111757. [PMID: 30441779 PMCID: PMC6265754 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols have increased in importance in recent years, and among them, resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) has generated great interest as an anti-obesity agent. Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of leptin signaling in lipid metabolism in peripheral organs. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate whether resveratrol can reduce fat accumulation in peripheral tissues by increasing their leptin sensitivity and (2) to identify which resveratrol-derived circulating metabolites are potentially involved in these metabolic effects. Serum leptin levels and the leptin signaling pathway were assessed in diet-induced obese rats. Moreover, serum metabolites of resveratrol were studied by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MSn). The daily consumption of 200 mg/kg of resveratrol, but not doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, reduced body weight and fat accumulation in obese rats and restored leptin sensitivity in the periphery. These effects were due to increases in sirtuin 1 activity in the liver, leptin receptors in muscle and protection against endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress in adipose tissue. In general, the resveratrol metabolites associated with these beneficial effects were derived from both phase II and microbiota metabolism, although only those derived from microbiota increased proportionally with the administered dose of resveratrol. In conclusion, resveratrol reversed leptin resistance caused by diet-induced obesity in peripheral organs using tissue-specific mechanisms.
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Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
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Sun F, Zhuang Z, Zhang D, Chen Y, Liu S, Gao N, Shi J, Wang B. Chronic moderate alcohol consumption relieves high-fat high-cholesterol diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rat model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1046-1055. [PMID: 29851129 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a worldwide health issue and chronic alcohol consumption may have different effects on this disease. This study explored the role of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet-induced liver fibrosis in a rodent model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: standard chow group, standard chow plus Er Guo Tou (EGT, a Chinese spirit made from fermented cereals) group, HFHC group, HFHC plus EGT group, and HFHC plus pure ethanol (EtOH) group. Rats were fed standard chow or HFHC chow for 12 weeks. EGT or pure ethanol was administrated at a daily dose of 4 g/kg body weight via intra-gastric gavage from week 4. At the end of week 12, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Sirius red and immunohistochemistry of liver sections were examined. The hepatic expression of F4/80, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, α-SMA, Collagen, TGF-β, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 was calculated. Both moderate EGT and pure ethanol did not increase plasma endotoxin in the portal vein comparing with the FHFC group. EGT and pure ethanol did not improve hepatic inflammation, but ameliorated liver fibrosis in histology. Moderate EGT and pure ethanol ameliorated HFHC diet-induced activation of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. In conclusion, chronic moderate EGT and pure ethanol could ameliorate HFHC diet-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Sun
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Centre of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushuai Chen
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Centre of Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ding S, Jiang J, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yin J, Wang X, Wang S, Yu Z. Resveratrol reduces the inflammatory response in adipose tissue and improves adipose insulin signaling in high-fat diet-fed mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5173. [PMID: 29967759 PMCID: PMC6027658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity-induced glucose metabolism disorder is associated with chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation and is considered a risk factor for diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Resveratrol (RES), a natural anti-inflammatory compound, is observed to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese rodents and humans. This study aimed to test the effects of RES administration on insulin signaling and the inflammatory response in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods A total of 40 wild-type C57BL/6 male mice were divided into four groups (10 in each group): the standard chow diet (STD) group was fed a STD; the HFD group was fed a HFD; and the HFD-RES/L and HFD-RES/H groups were fed a HFD plus RES (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively). The L and H in RES/L and RES/H stand for low and high, respectively. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, circulating inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile were determined. Quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), other inflammation markers, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and pAkt/Akt and to assess targets of interest involving glucose metabolism and inflammation in visceral WAT. Results HFD increased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and proinflammatory cytokines in serum, decreased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in serum, and induced insulin resistance and WAT inflammation in mice. However, RES treatment alleviated insulin resistance, increased the expressions of pAkt, GLUT4 and IRS-1 in WAT, and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, macrophage infiltration and CCR2 expression in WAT. Conclusion Our results indicated that WAT CCR2 may play a vital role in macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory response during the development of insulin resistance in HFD-induced obesity. These data suggested that administration of RES offers protection against abnormal glucose metabolism and inflammatory adaptations in visceral WAT in mice with HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Ding
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jianli Yin
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
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Protection by different classes of dietary polyphenols against palmitic acid-induced steatosis, nitro-oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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36
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Resveratrol alleviates FFA and CCl4 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via restoring endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43799-43809. [PMID: 28415630 PMCID: PMC5546441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell apoptosis often induces inflammation and injury in the liver, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as the most possible reason. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to prevent hepatic steatosis and alleviate apoptosis, however, the exact mechanisms underlying the effects still need to be explored. Here we co-cultured HepG2 cells with free fatty acid (FFA) solution (oleic acid: palmitic acid = 2:1) and then exposed to a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) solution to induce apoptosis. To evaluate the therapeutic effects, RSV (2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM) was added to the cells. Results showed that HepG2 cells co-cultured with FFA exhibited lipid infiltration and were susceptible to apoptosis upon exposure to the CCl4 solution. The expression of molecules related to apoptosis (Caspases, Bcl-2/Bax) and ER stress (GRP78, IRE1, ATF6, PERK, et al.) was all significantly decreased upon RSV treatment. We further inhibited GRP78 by siRNA, results showed that the anti-apoptotic effect of RSV still maintained under GRP78 siRNA condition. Our data demonstrated that lipid accumulated HepG2 cells were susceptible to injury, and RSV could improve apoptosis in FFA and CCl4 stressed cells, which partially via restoring ER function.
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37
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Wang N, Mao L, Yang L, Zou J, Liu K, Liu M, Zhang H, Xiao X, Wang K. Resveratrol protects against early polymicrobial sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36449-36461. [PMID: 28430592 PMCID: PMC5482667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol compound derived from various edible plants, protects against sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) via its anti-inflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, a rat model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), 30 mg/kg resveratrol was intraperitoneally administrated immediately after the CLP operation. HK-2 cells treated by 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide, 0.2 μM tunicamycin, 2.5 mM irestatin 9389 and 20 μM resveratrol were used for in vitro study. The results demonstrated that resveratrol significantly improved the renal function and tubular epithelial cell injury and enhanced the survival rate of CLP-induced rat model of sepsis, which was accompanied by a substantial decrease of the serum content and renal mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. In addition, resveratrol obviously relieved the endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the kidney. In vitro studies showed that resveratrol enhanced the cell viability, reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide and tunicamycin-induced HK-2 cells through inhibiting IRE1 activation. Taken together, administration of resveratrol as soon as possible after the onset of sepsis could protect against septic AKI mainly through inhibiting IRE1-NF-κB pathway-triggered inflammatory response in the kidney. Resveratrol might be a readily translatable option to improve the prognosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Meidong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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Sahin A, Arici MA, Yilmaz Y, Kalkan S, Durmus N, Ergur BU, Yakut Aksu I, Atabey N, Tuncok Y. A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Silibinin and Resveratrol in Preventing Alpha-Amanitin-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 122:633-642. [PMID: 29285878 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amanita phalloides species mushrooms containing alpha-amanitin (α-AMA) are responsible for the majority of fatal mushroom intoxications and can lead to severe poisonings resulting in hepatotoxicity and acute hepatic failure. Existing antidotes, such as silibinin, are not sufficiently effective in the prevention and/or resolution of α-AMA-induced hepatotoxicity. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on α-AMA-induced hepatotoxicity and compared with silibinin, a known antidote using in vivo and in vitro toxicity models. In the in vivo protocol, resveratrol (30 mg/kg) was given simultaneously with α-AMA (α-AMA + SR) or 12 (α-AMA + 12R) or 24 (α-AMA + 24R) hr after α-AMA administration. Silibinin (5 mg/kg) (α-AMA + Sil) and normal saline (α-AMA + NS) were given simultaneously with α-AMA. We found that liver transaminase levels in α-AMA + SR and α-AMA + 12R groups and histomorphologic injury score in the α-AMA + SR, α-AMA + 12R, α-AMA + 24R and α-AMA + Sil groups were significantly lower than that of the α-AMA + NS group. Resveratrol decreased mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis and active caspase-3 immunopositivity in the liver. In the in vitro protocol, the effects of resveratrol and silibinin were evaluated in a reduction in cell viability induced by α-AMA in THLE-2 and THLE-3 hepatocytes. Neither resveratrol nor silibinin was found to be effective in increasing cell viability decreased by α-AMA + NS. As a conclusion, resveratrol was found to be effective in α-AMA-induced hepatotoxicity with its anti-inflammatory properties in in vivo conditions. It is a promising compound with the potential for use in the treatment of hepatotoxicity associated with Amanita phalloides type mushroom poisonings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Sahin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mualla Aylin Arici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey.,Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sule Kalkan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Yakut Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Tuncok
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Balachander GJ, Subramanian S, Ilango K. Rosmarinic acid attenuates hepatic steatosis by modulating ER stress and autophagy in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26656-26663. [PMID: 35547559 PMCID: PMC9087887 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging entity of liver disorders worldwide. Oxidative stress and deranged autophagy-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been recognized as one of the prime factors involved in the pathological mechanism underlying NAFLD and progressive non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). Epidemiological and experimental data reveal the potency of dietary polyphenols in averting NAFLD. In this line, to analyse and address the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, in the present study, oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells were treated with rosmarinic acid (RA), a dietary polyphenol with well-established cytoprotective properties. Treatment with rosmarinic acid (20 μg) was found to potently counter the elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, exposure of oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells to rosmarinic acid showed reduced levels of ROS and increased activity of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. The steatotic HepG2 cells presented a pronounced increase in the expression of key ER stress markers such as p-PERK, p-IRE-1, ATF-6, p-eIF-α and CHOP, which was considerably reduced upon treatment with rosmarinic acid. Moreover, exposure to rosmarinic acid altered the deranged autophagic mechanism in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells, which was observed via the protein expression of Beclin 1, LC31, ATG5 and ATG7. This study demonstrates that rosmarinic acid abrogates NAFLD via diminishing ER stress by nullifying oxidative stress and restoring deranged autophagy and can be used as a potent adjunct in the treatment of NAFLD, thus illustrating the valuable application of polyphenols in combating NAFLD. Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging entity of liver disorders worldwide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Jayanthy Balachander
- Molecular Biology Division
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Kattankulathur
- India
| | | | - Kaliappan Ilango
- Molecular Biology Division
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Kattankulathur
- India
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40
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Sung J, Ho CT, Wang Y. Preventive mechanism of bioactive dietary foods on obesity-related inflammation and diseases. Food Funct 2018; 9:6081-6095. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the molecular biological mechanism of obesity-induced inflammation and the reciprocal interactions between the major molecular mechanisms and a range of dietary bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
- 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred
- USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
- 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred
- USA
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41
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Bloomer SA, Wellen KE, Henderson GC. Sexual dimorphism in the hepatic protein response to a moderate trans fat diet in senescence-accelerated mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:243. [PMID: 29237473 PMCID: PMC5729490 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by increases in inflammation and oxidative stress, conditions that are exacerbated by environmental factors such as diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of a trans-fatty acid (TFA) diet on the liver in adult (25 wk) and old (60 wk) senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8 strain) of both sexes. Our goal was to assess the effects of the diet on protein markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. METHODS Male and female mice were placed on life-long diets containing similar amounts of total fat (17%), with differing amounts of TFA: 2% (moderate TFA group) or 0.2% of total energy from TFA (control diet group). At the indicated ages, livers were harvested and evaluated for markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as for enzymes of fat metabolism via immunoblotting. Relative densities of protein bands were determined and compared via a three-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Compared to males, females demonstrated significantly lower inflammatory protein expression (ICAM-1, MCP-1, COX-2), along with lower expression of the DNA damage marker, Gadd153, and the oxidative stress marker, HO-1. Female mice demonstrated higher expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, SOD-2, and Ref-1) and lipogenic enzymes (FASN, ACLY) compared to male mice. While HO-1 was elevated in the female mice fed the TFA diet compared to controls, the diet did not affect other markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. However, the diet was associated with significant increases in FASN and ACLY in adult (25 wk) male mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest sexually dimorphic protein expression in the liver, with female mice demonstrating lower inflammation and increased oxidative stress defenses. Additionally, considering that FASN and ACLY contribute to hepatic lipogenesis, our results suggest a potential mechanism for the dyslipidemia in adult male mice that is associated with TFA diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Abington College, 1600 Woodland Rd, Abington, PA, 19001, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Sesame oil lignans inhibit hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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43
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Resveratrol and caloric restriction prevent hepatic steatosis by regulating SIRT1-autophagy pathway and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in high-fat diet-fed rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183541. [PMID: 28817690 PMCID: PMC5560739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol (a natural polyphenol) and caloric restriction activate Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and induce autophagy. Furthermore, autophagy is induced by the SIRT1-FoxO signaling pathway and was recently shown to be a critical protective mechanism against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. We aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol and caloric restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism and elucidate the mechanism by which resveratrol supplementation and caloric restriction alleviate hepatosteatosis by examining the molecular interplay between SIRT1 and autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (40) were divided into four groups: the STD group, which was fed a standard chow diet; the HFD group, which was fed a high-fat diet; HFD-RES group, which was fed a high-fat diet plus resveratrol (200 mg/kg.bw); and the HFD-CR group, which was fed a high-fat diet in portions containing 70% of the mean intake of the HFD group rats. The groups were maintained for 18 weeks. Metabolic parameters, Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the liver, and the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, autophagy markers and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress-associated genes in the liver were assessed after the 18-week treatment. We found that resveratrol (200 mg/kg bw) and caloric restriction (30%) partially prevented hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning, increased the expression of SIRT1 and autophagy markers while decreasing ER stress markers in the liver and alleviated lipid metabolism disorder. Moreover, caloric restriction provided superior protection against HFD-induced hepatic fatty accumulation compared with resveratrol and the effects were associated with decreased total energy intake and body weight. CONCLUSION We conclude that the SIRT1-autophagy pathway and decreased ER stress are universally required for the protective effects of moderate caloric restriction (30%) and resveratrol (a pharmacological SIRT1 activator) supplementation against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Resveratrol: Is It Really Good for Liver Health? HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, Rolo AP, Soeiro Teodoro J, Palmeira CM, Portillo MP. Lack of Additive Effects of Resveratrol and Energy Restriction in the Treatment of Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070737. [PMID: 28696376 PMCID: PMC5537851 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to analyze the effect of resveratrol on liver steatosis in obese rats, to compare the effects induced by resveratrol and energy restriction and to research potential additive effects. Rats were initially fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet for six weeks and then allocated in four experimental groups fed a standard diet: a control group, a resveratrol-treated group, an energy restricted group and a group submitted to energy restriction and treated with resveratrol. We measured liver triacylglycerols, transaminases, FAS, MTP, CPT1a, CS, COX, SDH and ATP synthase activities, FATP2/FATP5, DGAT2, PPARα, SIRT1, UCP2 protein expressions, ACC and AMPK phosphorylation and PGC1α deacetylation. Resveratrol reduced triacylglycerols compared with the controls, although this reduction was lower than that induced by energy restriction. The mechanisms of action were different. Both decreased protein expression of fatty acid transporters, thus suggesting reduced fatty acid uptake from blood stream and liver triacylglycerol delivery, but only energy restriction reduced the assembly. These results show that resveratrol is useful for liver steatosis treatment within a balanced diet, although its effectiveness is lower than that of energy restriction. However, resveratrol is unable to increase the reduction in triacylglycerol content induced by energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - João Soeiro Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal.
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Facultad de Farmacia, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Vitoria 01006, Spain.
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Rui Y, Cheng J, Qin L, Shan C, Chang J, Wang G, Wan Z. Effects of vitamin D and resveratrol on metabolic associated markers in liver and adipose tissue from SAMP8 mice. Exp Gerontol 2017; 93:16-28. [PMID: 28411010 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SAMP8 mice exhibit multiple metabolic characteristics associated with age, and it is a suitable candidate for researching aging associated metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We aimed to 1) explore how key metabolic markers will be altered in both liver and adipose tissue with aging in SAMP8 mice; and 2) how the combination of vitamin D (VD) with resveratrol (RSV) will affect aging associated metabolic impairment in liver and adipose tissue from SAMP8 mice. METHODS SAMP8 mice and their control SAMR1 mice were divided into 5 groups, i.e. SAMR1, SAMP8, SAMP8 mice supplemented with VD, RSV and VD combined with RSV group, respectively. At the end of the intervention, glucose and insulin tolerance, p-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and amyloid precursor protein (APP), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in liver and adipose tissue, adiponectin secretion, p-NF-κBp65 and TNF-α protein expression in adipose tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared to SAMR1 control, SAMP8 mice demonstrate impaired glucose tolerance and reduction in circulating adiponectin level; in the liver, SAMP8 mice have reduction in p-Aktser473, elevation in PTP1B and APP, p-eIF2α, GRP78 and p-JNK protein expression. In epididymal (EPI) fat, SAMP8 mice also have elevated p-Aktser473 and PTP1B compared to SAMR1 mice. In both epididymal (EPI) and subcutaneous (SC) fat, there were elevated ER stress markers, reduced p-AMPK and elevated APP, as well as elevated p-NF-κBp65 and TNF-α protein expression from SAMP8 compared to SAMR1 mice. In liver, the combined intervention significantly restored p-Aktser473, p-eIF2α and p-JNK protein expression. In both EPI and SC fat, the combined intervention is effective for reducing p-NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in both fat depot, while only partially reduced ER stress markers in SC fat. As for adiponectin, their combination is unable to reverse reduction in adiponectin level. Adiponectin secretion in SC fat from VD, RSV and VDRSV group were also significantly reduced compared to SAMR1. CONCLUSION The combined intervention might exert greater beneficial effects for reversing aging associated metabolic dysfunction in liver and adipose tissue from SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Rui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Shan
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhongxiao Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Xue C, Wang Y. Long-chain bases from sea cucumber mitigate endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in obesity mice. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:628-636. [PMID: 28911649 PMCID: PMC9328807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation can induce hyperglycemia. Long-chain bases (LCBs) from sea cucumber exhibit antihyperglycemic activities. However, their effects on ER stress and inflammation are unknown. We investigated the effects of LCBs on ER stress and inflammatory response in high-fat, fructose diet-induced obesity mice. Reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids were measured. Inflammatory cytokines in serum and their mRNA expressions in epididymal adipose tissues were investigated. Hepatic ER stress-related key genes were detected. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB inflammatory pathways were also evaluated in the liver. Results showed that LCBs reduced serum and hepatic reactive oxygen species and free fatty acids concentrations. LCBs decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines levels, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and c-reactive protein, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 concentration. The mRNA and protein expressions of these cytokines in epididymal adipose tissues were regulated by LCBs as similar to their circulatory contents. LCBs inhibited phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and inhibitor κ kinase β, and nuclear factor κB nuclear translocation. LCBs also inhibited mRNA expression of ER stress markers glucose regulated protein, activating transcription factor 6, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and X-box binding protein 1, and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-α and inositol requiring enzyme 1α. These results indicate that LCBs can alleviate ER stress and inflammatory response. Nutritional supplementation with LCBs may offer an adjunctive therapy for RE stress-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Hu
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Innovation Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Pérez-Martí A, Sandoval V, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Nutritional regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21: from macronutrients to bioactive dietary compounds. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2016-0034/hmbci-2016-0034.xml. [PMID: 27583468 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem mainly due to its associated comorbidities. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in metabolic homeostasis in healthy individuals and considered a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity. FGF21 is predominantly produced by the liver but also by other tissues, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and pancreas in response to different stimuli such as cold and different nutritional challenges that include fasting, high-fat diets (HFDs), ketogenic diets, some amino acid-deficient diets, low protein diets, high carbohydrate diets or specific dietary bioactive compounds. Its target tissues are essentially WAT, BAT, skeletal muscle, heart and brain. The effects of FGF21 in extra hepatic tissues occur through the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1c together with the co-receptor β-klotho (KLB). Mechanistically, FGF21 interacts directly with the extracellular domain of the membrane bound cofactor KLB in the FGF21- KLB-FGFR complex to activate FGFR substrate 2α and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Mice lacking KLB are resistant to both acute and chronic effects of FGF21. Moreover, the acute insulin sensitizing effects of FGF21 are also absent in mice with specific deletion of adipose KLB or FGFR1. Most of the data show that pharmacological administration of FGF21 has metabolic beneficial effects. The objective of this review is to compile existing information about the mechanisms that could allow the control of endogenous FGF21 levels in order to obtain the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF21 by inducing its production instead of doing it by pharmacological administration.
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Gessner DK, Bonarius M, Most E, Fiesel A, Eder K. Effects of polyphenol-rich plant products from grape or hop as feed supplements on the expression of inflammatory, antioxidative, cytoprotective and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and the antioxidative status in the liver of piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:e185-e194. [PMID: 27561387 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that supplementation of plant products rich in polyphenols exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the small intestine and improves feed conversion in piglets. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary polyphenols have also anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in the liver of piglets. For this end, relative mRNA concentrations of eight genes involved in proinflammatory pathways, eight genes involved in the antioxidative and cytoprotective system, six genes of phase I and phase II metabolism and 15 genes of the unfolded protein response (triggered by stress of the endoplasmic reticulum) in the liver of pigs fed diets supplemented with either 1% of grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GME) or 1% spent hops (SH) as sources of polyphenols were determined. Relative mRNA concentrations of almost all these genes, with few exceptions, in the liver of pigs supplemented with GME or SH did not differ from those in the liver of control piglets. Gene expression data were validated by consideration of concentrations of some selected proteins of these pathways which also did not differ between piglets supplemented with GME or SH and control piglets. Moreover, concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and tocopherols as well as the total antioxidant capacity in liver and plasma did not differ between pigs supplemented with either GME or SH and control piglets. Overall, this study shows that supplementation of GME or SH as sources of polyphenols does not influence hepatic pathways linked to inflammation, the antioxidant and cytoprotective system, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum and the xenobiotic system in healthy piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Bonarius
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Fiesel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Resveratrol: How Much Wine Do You Have to Drink to Stay Healthy? Adv Nutr 2016; 7:706-18. [PMID: 27422505 PMCID: PMC4942868 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene endowed with multiple health-promoting effects. It is produced by certain plants including several dietary sources such as grapes, apples, raspberries, blueberries, plums, peanuts, and products derived therefrom (e.g., wine). Resveratrol can be isolated and purified from these biological sources or synthesized in a few steps with an overall high yield. This compound and its glucoside, the trans-polydatin piceid, have received worldwide attention for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and age-related diseases. These health-promoting effects are particularly attractive given the prevalence of resveratrol-based nutraceuticals and the paradoxical epidemiologic observation that wine consumption is inversely correlated to the incidence of coronary heart disease. However, the notion of resveratrol as a "magic bullet" was recently challenged by clinical trials showing that this polyphenol does not have a substantial influence on health status and mortality risk. In the present review, we discuss the proposed therapeutic attributes and the mode of molecular actions of resveratrol. We also cover recent pharmacologic efforts to improve the poor bioavailability of resveratrol and influence the transition between body systems in humans. We conclude with some thoughts about future research directions that might be meaningful for resolving controversies surrounding resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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