1
|
Del Risco NE, Talbot CL, Moin KA, Manion GN, Brown AH, Walker SM, Zhong PS, Zhang H, Hoopes PC, Moshirfar M. Visual Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Previous History of Implantable Collamer Lens. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4292. [PMID: 39124559 PMCID: PMC11312979 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This retrospective case series analyzed visual outcomes in patients with a prior history of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation who underwent cataract extraction (CE). A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between vault height and the rate of cataract development. Methods: Visual acuity and refraction measurements were collected after CE at one week, one month and six months. Vault height measurements were correlated to the time until symptomatic cataracts were removed. Results: A total of 44 eyes were analyzed at six months after CE with efficacy and safety indexes of 1.20 ± 1.11 and 1.50 ± 1.06, respectively. In addition, 70% of eyes had a post-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) within one line of pre-operative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Refractive predictability at six months demonstrated that 43% and 69% of eyes were within ±0.25 D and ±0.50 D of SEQ target, respectively. Astigmatism measured by refractive cylinder was ≤0.25 D in 17% and ≤0.50 D in 34% of eyes pre-operatively compared to 40% and 60% of eyes, respectively, at six months post-operatively. Vault heights one week after ICL (p < 0.0081) and one week before CE (p < 0.0154) demonstrated a positive linear regression with the time until CE. Conclusions: This sample population achieved favorable visual outcomes six months after CE, similar to six months after ICL implantation. Patients with a history of ICL implantation will similarly have a good visual prognosis after CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma E. Del Risco
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Chad L. Talbot
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.L.T.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Kayvon A. Moin
- Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA; (K.A.M.); (P.C.H.)
| | - Garrett N. Manion
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Alex H Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Stephen M. Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84738, USA; (C.L.T.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Ping-Shou Zhong
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.-S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hanting Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.-S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Phillip C. Hoopes
- Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA; (K.A.M.); (P.C.H.)
| | - Majid Moshirfar
- Hoopes Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, 11820 S. State St., Ste. 200, Draper, UT 84020, USA; (K.A.M.); (P.C.H.)
- John A. Moran Eye Center, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, UT 84107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Güemes-Villahoz N, Gómez de Liano R, Porras Ángel P, Talavero González P, Bella Gala R, Martín García B, Burgos Blasco B, Hernández García E, Chamorro Herrera M, Hernández-Verdejo JL, Ruiz-Pomeda A. Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:139. [PMID: 38397251 PMCID: PMC10887306 DOI: 10.3390/children11020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood myopia represents a global concern with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Lifestyle factors significantly impact myopia. AIM To evaluate lifestyle factors in myopic children from a metropolitan area in Europe. METHODS This was a descriptive study including myopic subjects aged 4-18 years. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected, including cycloplegic refraction in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL). In addition, a questionnaire on lifestyle factors was conducted between September 2022 and April 2023. RESULTS A total of 321 myopic children were included, aged 10.72 ± 3.05 years, of whom 51.4% were boys, with SER -2.25 ± 1.9 D and AL 24.54 ± 0.98 mm. The mean age of myopia onset was 7.69 ± 3.05 years. A total of 59.8% had family history of myopia. Those children who had <2 h/day of screen time (on weekdays) presented SER -2 ± 1.91 D, compared to those who had >2 h/day, SER: -2.50 ±1.88 D (p = 0.009). Children who spent <2 h/day doing near work after school were less myopic compared to those who spent >2 h/day (SER: -1.75 ± 1.83 vs. SER: -2.75 ± 1.82, respectively, p = 0.03). However, no significant association was observed between SER and AL and time spent outdoors nor between SER and AL and academic performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Screen time and near-work time appear to be lifestyle factors related to myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Güemes-Villahoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Rosario Gómez de Liano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Paloma Porras Ángel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
- Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.G.); (B.M.G.); (J.L.H.-V.)
| | - Paula Talavero González
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Rafael Bella Gala
- Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.G.); (B.M.G.); (J.L.H.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Martín García
- Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.G.); (B.M.G.); (J.L.H.-V.)
| | - Bárbara Burgos Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Elena Hernández García
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Marta Chamorro Herrera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-V.); (R.G.d.L.); (P.P.Á.); (P.T.G.); (E.H.G.); (M.C.H.)
| | - José Luis Hernández-Verdejo
- Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.G.); (B.M.G.); (J.L.H.-V.)
| | - Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda
- Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (R.B.G.); (B.M.G.); (J.L.H.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swierkowska J, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Differential methylation of microRNA encoding genes may contribute to high myopia. Front Genet 2023; 13:1089784. [PMID: 36685896 PMCID: PMC9847511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with a refractive error ≤-6.0 diopters, has multifactorial etiology with environmental and genetic factors involved. Recent studies confirm the impact of alterations in DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) on myopia. Here, we studied the combined aspects evaluating to the role of methylation of miRNA encoding genes in HM. Materials and Methods: From the genome-wide DNA methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM and 18 matched controls, we retrieved differentially methylated CG dinucleotides localized in miRNA encoding genes. Putative target genes of the highest-ranked miRNAs were obtained from the miRDB and included in overrepresentation analyses in the ConsensusPathDB. Expression of target genes was assessed using the RNA sequencing data of retinal ARPE-19 cell line. Results: We identified differential methylation of CG dinucleotides in promoter regions of MIR3621, MIR34C, MIR423 (increased methylation level), and MIR1178, MIRLET7A2, MIR885, MIR548I3, MIR6854, MIR675, MIRLET7C, MIR99A (decreased methylation level) genes. Several targets of these miRNAs, e.g. GNAS, TRAM1, CTNNB1, EIF4B, TENM3 and RUNX were previously associated with myopia/HM/refractive error in Europeans in genome-wide association studies. Overrepresentation analyses of miRNAs' targets revealed enrichment in pathways/processes related to eye structure/function, such as axon guidance, transcription, focal adhesion, and signaling pathways of TGF-β, insulin, MAPK and EGF-EGFR. Conclusion: Differential methylation of indicated miRNA encoding genes might influence their expression and contribute to HM pathogenesis via disrupted regulation of transcription of miRNAs' target genes. Methylation of genes encoding miRNAs may be a new direction in research on both the mechanisms determining HM and non-invasive indicators in diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,*Correspondence: Marzena Gajecka,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Pérez C, Pérez-Sánchez B, Villa-Collar C. Percentile curves of refractive errors in a Spanish paediatric population. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022:S1888-4296(22)00057-7. [PMID: 36182658 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to obtain percentile curves of refractive errors in a Spanish paediatric population aged between 3 and 12 years. MATERIALS AND METHOD A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted, including children aged between 3 and 12 years who did not present with any known ocular and/or systemic diseases. The convenience sampling method was used to select the sample from three schools and one hospital in the Community of Madrid. The refractive error was obtained using a Retinomax K-plus 3 autorefractometer (RTX; Right Mfg. Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles were calculated using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.24 statistical software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, United States). RESULTS A total of 688 children with a mean age of 7.68 ± 2.17 years were analysed. In the 50th percentile curve, spherical equivalent values started to become myopic at 3 years (SE < -0.50 D) and the 75th percentile curve also turned myopic at 4 years. As a result, it was observed that the spherical equivalent value became more negative with time, starting from the ages indicated above. Therefore, the 90th percentile curve was negative at 11 years. CONCLUSION Percentile curves of refractive errors in a Spanish paediatric population have been presented for the first time in order to help eyecare professionals detect children with refractive errors at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Pérez
- SEC LISBOA-Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Belen Pérez-Sánchez
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Informatics, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
| | - César Villa-Collar
- Department of Pharmacy, Biotechnology, Nutrition, Optics and Optometry, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang DD, Chen J, Thorn F, Mao GY, Li CC, Lin Z, Vasudevan B, Huang XQ, Chen YY. Elementary school comprehensive intervention and myopia development: the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refraction Error Study. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1363-1369. [PMID: 36017057 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.08.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of school-based comprehensive intervention on myopia development in elementary school children. METHODS As a part of the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refraction Error Study, there were 1524 participating elementary students (730 girls, 47.9%) in grades 1 to 3 from three campuses of one school, aged 7.3±0.9y, who were examined twice every year for a 2.5y follow up period. Comprehensive intervention and other reminders were given at school every semester for the intervention group. The control group did not receive comprehensive intervention and did not have reminders of it. RESULTS There were 651 students in the intervention group [mean age 7.3±0.9y; 294 (45.2%) girls] and 737 students in the control group [mean age 7.2±0.9y; 346 (46.9%) girls]. Overall mean myopia progression during the 2.5y follow-up was -0.49±1.04 diopters (D) in the intervention group and -0.65±1.08 D in the control group (P=0.004). The majority that not get myopia at baseline spherical equivalent (SE≤-1.0 D). Their mean myopia progression during the 2.5y follow-up was -0.37±0.89 D in the intervention group and -0.51±0.93 D in the control group (27.5% reduction, P=0.009); Overall, mean axial length elongation was less in the intervention group (0.56±0.32 mm) than in the control group (0.61±0.38 mm, 10.5% reduction, P=0.009). The percentage of close reading distance (<30 cm) in the intervention group was less than in the control group (73.4% vs 76.2%, P<0.001), the percentage of everyday perform eye exercises in the intervention group was more than in the control group (27.8% vs 20.7%, P<0.001) 30mo later. CONCLUSION The comprehensive intervention program at elementary school has a significant alleviating effect on myopia progression for children during the 2.5y follow-up, especially for those non-myopia at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Frank Thorn
- Deptartment of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, MIT Cambridge, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guang-Yun Mao
- School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Chun Li
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Xiao-Qiong Huang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Swierkowska J, Karolak JA, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Decreased Levels of DNA Methylation in the PCDHA Gene Cluster as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset High Myopia in Young Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:31. [PMID: 36036911 PMCID: PMC9434983 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with at least –6.0 diopters refractive error, has a complex etiology with environmental, genetic, and likely epigenetic factors involved. To complement the DNA methylation assessment in children with HM, we analyzed genes that had significantly lower DNA methylation levels. Methods The DNA methylation pattern was studied based on the genome-wide methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM paired with 18 controls. Genes overlapping CG dinucleotides with decreased methylation level in HM cases were assessed by enrichment analyses. From those, genes with CG dinucleotides in promoter regions were further evaluated based on exome sequencing (ES) data of 16 patients with HM from unrelated Polish families, Sanger sequencing data of the studied children, and the RNA sequencing data of human retinal ARPE-19 cells. Results The CG dinucleotide with the most decreased methylation level in cases was identified in a promoter region of PCDHA10 that overlaps intronic regions of PCDHA1–9 of the PCDHA gene cluster in myopia 5q31 locus. Also, two single nucleotide variants, rs200661444, detected in our ES, and rs246073, previously found as associated with a refractive error in a genome-wide association study, were revealed within this gene cluster. Additionally, genes previously linked to ocular phenotypes, myopia-related traits, or loci, including ADAM20, ZFAND6, ETS1, ABHD13, SBSPON, SORBS2, LMOD3, ATXN1, and FARP2, were found to have decreased methylation. Conclusions Alterations in the methylation pattern of specific CG dinucleotides may be associated with early-onset HM, so this could be used to develop noninvasive biomarkers of HM in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García-Gen E, Penadés M, Mérida S, Desco C, Araujo-Miranda R, Navea A, Bosch-Morell F. High Myopia and the Complement System: Factor H in Myopic Maculopathy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122600. [PMID: 34204630 PMCID: PMC8231207 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia (HM) is both a medical problem and refractive error of the eye owing to excessive eyeball length, which progressively makes eye tissue atrophic, and is one of the main causes for diminishing visual acuity in developed countries. Despite its high prevalence and many genetic and proteomic studies, no molecular pattern exists that explain the degenerative process underlying HM, which predisposes patients to other diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and chorioretinal atrophy that affect the macular area. To determine the relation between complement Factors H (CFH) and D (CFD) and the maculopathy of patients with degenerative myopia, we studied aqueous humor samples that were collected by aspiration from 122 patients during cataract surgery. Eyes were classified according to eyeball axial length as high myopia (axial length > 26 mm), low myopia (axial length 23.5–25.9 mm) and control (axial length ˂ 23.4 mm). The degree of maculopathy was classified according to fundus oculi findings following IMI’s classification. Subfoveal choroid thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. CFH and CFD measurements were taken by ELISA. CFH levels were significantly high in the high myopia group vs. the low myopia and control groups (p ˂ 0.05). Significantly high CFH values were found in those eyes with choroid atrophy and neovascularization (p ˂ 0.05). In parallel, the CFH concentration correlated inversely with choroid thickness (R = −0.624). CFD levels did not correlate with maculopathy. All the obtained data seem to suggest that CFH plays a key role in myopic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique García-Gen
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Mariola Penadés
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos II Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Mérida
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Carmen Desco
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 València, Spain;
| | - Rafael Araujo-Miranda
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 València, Spain;
| | - Amparo Navea
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos II Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Bosch-Morell
- Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (E.G.-G.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (A.N.)
- Thematic Cooperative Health Network for Research in Ophthalmology (Oftared), Carlos II Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 València, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Rey JJ, Serrano Gomez S, Prada AM. Estimation of ocular axial length with optometric parameters is not accurate. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101448. [PMID: 33975785 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is a worldwide major public concern, aside from the visual disturbance needing optical correction, myopia may be associated with open angle glaucoma, retinal detachment and myopic maculopathy. The higher the myopia the higher the risk for retinal associated comorbidities, and the axial length is the more important measure to estimate risk of visual impairment. Recently a formula to predict axial length using spherical equivalent and keratometry was proposed, with the intention of categorizing the risk of visual impairment with Tideman et al. classification. PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of an axial length prediction formula in a Colombian population 8-17 years old. METHODS Children from MIOPUR study with optical biometer axial length measure (AL), manifest refraction and keratometry were included in the analysis. Predicted axial length (PAL) was calculated with the prediction formula. A Bland-Altman assessment was conducted, and the concordance correlation coefficient was measured. Proposed classification of AL to establish risk of visual loss was used with measured AL and with PAL. The percentage of eyes misclassified was then established. RESULTS A total of 2129 eyes were included in the analysis. Mean difference of axial length (actual AL minus PAL) was -0.516 mm (-1.559 mm - 0.528 mm). Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.656 (IC95 0.636-0.675) was found between the real AL and PAL. PAL differed from measured AL by 1 mm or more in 16.58 %, and by 2 mm or more, in 0.61 % of the eyes. In myopic eyes, PAL was in average 0.426 mm longer than the AL actually measured with CCC of 0.714 (IC95 0.666-0.761). PAL differed from measured AL by 1 mm or more in 21.92 %, and by 2 mm or more, in 0.45 % of the myopic eyes. The study revealed that 15.03 % of all eyes, and 29.81 % of myopic eyes, were misclassified when PAL was used. CONCLUSIONS The proposed axial length prediction formula was not accurate, and it did not adequately classify risk of visual impairment in myopic eyes in a group of Colombian children. We consider that it is not possible to predict the axial length based only on optometric data, such as the corneal radius of curvature and the spherical equivalent. This is very possibly related to the variability of crystalline lens power within a population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Galvis
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia; Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - A Tello
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia; Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Juan J Rey
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - A M Prada
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Camacho PA, Gómez LM, Rey JJ, Serrano AA. Definition of refractive errors for research studies: Spherical equivalent could not be enough. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:224-225. [PMID: 33402285 PMCID: PMC8093534 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Luz María Gómez
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Juan José Rey
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eppenberger LS, Sturm V. The Role of Time Exposed to Outdoor Light for Myopia Prevalence and Progression: A Literature Review. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1875-1890. [PMID: 32669834 PMCID: PMC7337435 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s245192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The development of myopia as a refractive disorder seems to hold multifactorial causes. Among others, increased time exposed to natural light outdoors is regarded as possible effective preventive measure against myopia development. The objective of this review is to analyse and summarize the evidence investigating the association between time outdoors and myopia prevalence and progression. Methods A review, restricted to articles published in the last ten years, was conducted. The literature search for the included articles was performed in the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. If predefined inclusion criteria were met, the studies were further categorized and data were summarized and individually evaluated. Results Two cross-sectional studies, 7 prospective cohort studies and 3 intervention studies were reported in this review, representing the data of a total of 32,381 participants. The majority of the studies found an inverse association between myopia incidence/prevalence and increased time outdoors. The association between time outdoors and myopia progression on the other hand remains debatable; one recent randomized controlled trial indicating a protective value of increased time outdoors for further progression in myopic children. Conclusion In summary, increasing time exposed to outdoor light seems to be a simple and effective preventive measure to decrease myopia prevalence. Also, contrasting previous review work, it may represent a potential strategy for myopia progression control. Future investigation is necessary to better define and quantify outdoor time and its effects on myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Sturm
- Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Eye Department, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ng FJ, Mackey DA, O'Sullivan TA, Oddy WH, Yazar S. Is Dietary Vitamin A Associated with Myopia from Adolescence to Young Adulthood? Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:29. [PMID: 32821526 PMCID: PMC7408804 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.6.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Potential links may exist between vitamin A intake and myopia via various pathways. In this study, we examined the association between dietary vitamin A intake during adolescence and myopia in early adulthood. Methods We performed a prospective analysis utilizing data collected from participants of the Raine Study Gen2. Dietary vitamin A intake, determined via food frequency questionnaires completed at ages 14, 17, and 20 years, was compared with ophthalmic measurements collected at year 20. Low vitamin A levels were defined as <600 µg/day. Regression models were used to adjust for ocular sun exposure level, educational level, and parental myopia as potential confounders. Results A total of 642 subjects were analyzed. Although those with adequate vitamin A intakes were less likely to be myopic (P = 0.03), this association became insignificant when adjusted for potential confounding factors in logistic regression modeling (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–2.52; P = 0.06). Conclusions There were no significant associations between total vitamin A intakes during adolescence and year 20 refractive errors after adjustment for confounders. Replication of this finding and further investigations are essential to rule out the suggestion that sufficient vitamin A intake during adolescence is associated with lower risk of myopia in early adulthood. Translational Relevance Our findings are not definitive that ingesting foods high in vitamin A during childhood and adolescence does not have a role for preventing myopia in early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher J Ng
- Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Therese A O'Sullivan
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moon Y, Lim HT. Relationship between peripapillary atrophy and myopia progression in the eyes of young school children. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:665-671. [PMID: 32398847 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myopia progression is of great concern because of its association with an increased risk of sight-threatening conditions. This study aims to determine whether certain clinical and optic disc features are associated with the rate of myopia progression. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this retrospective longitudinal observational study, we reviewed the medical records of 95 patients aged 6-11 years with myopia (spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) at baseline ≤ -0.5 D) and collected data regarding medical history, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, and fundus photography. Using fundus photographs, we measured the ratio of horizontal to vertical disc diameter (HVDR), ratio of maximum β-zone peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) width to vertical disc diameter (PVDR), and optic disc torsion. Outcome measurements included 2-year myopia progression (D/year) and overall myopia progression during the entire follow-up with a mean of 51 months. RESULTS Mean age at initial visit was 7.67 ± 1.50 years and mean SER at baseline was -2.91 ± 1.68 D (range, -5.75 to -0.50 D). In the univariate analysis, age, parental myopia, SER at baseline, HVDR, and PVDR were significantly associated with myopia progression (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, however, only age at initial visit and PVDR were significant factors associated with both 2-year and overall myopia progression. CONCLUSIONS Children with younger age and smaller β-PPA at baseline showed a faster myopia progression. This study suggests that the width of β-PPA, regardless of SER, might be used as a quantitative parameter to predict the potential for further myopia progression associated with scleral stretching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Gómez LM, Camacho PA, Ortiz RG. Re: Wu et al.: Myopia prevention and outdoor light intensity in a school-based cluster randomized trial (Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1239-1250). Ophthalmology 2018; 125:e77. [PMID: 30318042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Luz María Gómez
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Rafael G Ortiz
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Otero J, Serrano AA, Gómez LM, Camacho PA, López-Jaramillo JP. Prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia: MIOPUR study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1320-1323. [PMID: 29945895 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Colombia and its relations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. METHODS A cross-sectional study performed in 10 Colombian administrative districts (MIOPUR study), including children and adolescents from 8 to 17 years old and adults from 35 to 55 years old. RESULTS 3608 individuals (100% of whom agreed to participate) were included. Prevalence estimates of refractive errors were: hyperopia 32.3% (95% CI 30.7 to 33.8), myopia 12.9% (95% CI 11.8 to 14.0), mixed astigmatism 2.8% (95% CI 2.2 to 3.3) and anisometropia 1.9% (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3). Prevalence of myopia in 15-year-old adolescents was 14.7%. In children and adolescents, the hyperopia prevalence decreased while myopia prevalence increased with age. In the adults group, the tendency was the contrary. Myopia prevalence reached 15.7% in urban and 9.2% in rural areas, and for hyperopia, the rates were 29.4% in urban and 36.1% in rural areas. In the multivariate analysis, living in an urban area significantly increased the risk of having myopia (OR: 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89); p<0.01). There were significant regional differences among diverse zones of the country. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimates of myopia and hyperopia in Colombia were found to be at an intermediate point compared with global data. In adults, myopia frequency was lower than in European and Asian studies. The prevalence of myopia increased during childhood and adolescence and was higher in middle-aged adults (35-39 years) than in older adults. On the other hand, hyperopia rates increased with age, findings that suggest a cohort effect. In the multivariate analysis, residence in urban areas and living in a medium-high socioeconomic status were linked to myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia .,Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Johana Otero
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Andres A Serrano
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Luz María Gómez
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - José Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Ophthalmology and Research Departments, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.,Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galvis V, Tello A, Gomez LM, Otero J. Myopia rates in a genetically isolated population. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:293-294. [PMID: 29172844 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1402939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- a Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis , Floridablanca , Colombia.,b Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL , Floridablanca , Colombia.,c Faculty of Health, Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga , Bucaramanga , Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- a Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis , Floridablanca , Colombia.,b Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL , Floridablanca , Colombia.,c Faculty of Health, Ophthalmology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga , Bucaramanga , Colombia
| | - Luz María Gomez
- b Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL , Floridablanca , Colombia
| | - Johana Otero
- b Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL , Floridablanca , Colombia
| |
Collapse
|