1
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Siow KM, Güngör M, Wrona D, Raimondi F, Pastukhov O, Tsapogas P, Menzi T, Schmitz M, Kulcsár PI, Schwank G, Schulz A, Jinek M, Modlich U, Siler U, Reichenbach J. Targeted knock-in of NCF1 cDNA into the NCF2 locus leads to myeloid phenotypic correction of p47 phox -deficient chronic granulomatous disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102229. [PMID: 38952440 PMCID: PMC11215332 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
p47 phox -deficient chronic granulomatous disease (p47-CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) gene, resulting in defective NADPH oxidase function in phagocytes. Due to its complex genomic context, the NCF1 locus is not suited for safe gene editing with current genome editing technologies. Therefore, we developed a targeted NCF1 coding sequence knock-in by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and viral vector template delivery, to restore p47 phox expression under the control of the endogenous NCF2 locus. NCF2 encodes for p67 phox , an NADPH oxidase subunit that closely interacts with p47 phox and is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. This approach restored p47 phox expression and NADPH oxidase function in p47-CGD patient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and in p47 phox -deficient mouse HSPCs, with the transgene expression following a myeloid differentiation pattern. Adeno-associated viral vectors performed favorably over integration-deficient lentiviral vectors for template delivery, with fewer off-target integrations and higher correction efficacy in HSPCs. Such myeloid-directed gene editing is promising for clinical CGD gene therapy, as it leads to the co-expression of p47 phox and p67 phox , ensuring spatiotemporal and near-physiological transgene expression in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Mun Siow
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Merve Güngör
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Wrona
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Raimondi
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Pastukhov
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timon Menzi
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Péter István Kulcsár
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Modlich
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Siler
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Janine Reichenbach
- Division of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Somatic Gene Therapy, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Wang T, Ding K, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu G, Zang Y, Lin S, Zhou H, Wang Q. Dual amplification dynamic DNA network system for CRISPR/Cas12a based p53 gene detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:343048. [PMID: 39155100 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that over 50 % of human cancers are caused by mutations in the p53 gene. Early sensitive and accurate detection of the p53 gene is important for diagnosis of cancers in the early stage. However, conventional detection techniques often suffer from strict reaction conditions, or unsatisfied sensitivity, so we need to develop a new strategy for accurate detection of p53 gene with smart designability, multiple signal amplification in mild reaction conditions. RESULTS In this study, CRISPR/Cas system is exploited in entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) and hybridization chain reaction (CHA) dual signal amplification sensing strategies. The products of both reactions can efficiently and separately activate CRISPR/Cas12a which greatly amplifies the fluorescent signal. The method has good linearity in p53 detection with the concentration ranged from 0.1 fM to 0.5 pM with ultra-low detection limit of 0.096 fM. It also showed good performance in serum, offering potentials for early disease detection. SIGNIFICANCE The designed dual amplification dynamic DNA network system exhibits an ultra-sensitive fluorescence biosensing for p53 gene identification. The method is simple to operate and requires only one buffer for the experiment, and meanwhile shows smart designability which could be used for a wide range of markers. Thus, we believe the present work will provide a potential tool for the construction and development of sensitive fluorescent biosensors for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengkai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kexin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China
| | - Gengjun Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yufei Zang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shengxiang Lin
- CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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4
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Nasri M, Ritter MU, Mir P, Dannenmann B, Kaufmann MM, Arreba-Tutusaus P, Xu Y, Borbaran-Bravo N, Klimiankou M, Lengerke C, Zeidler C, Cathomen T, Welte K, Skokowa J. CRISPR-Cas9n-mediated ELANE promoter editing for gene therapy of severe congenital neutropenia. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1628-1642. [PMID: 38556793 PMCID: PMC11184331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (CN) is an inherited pre-leukemia bone marrow failure syndrome commonly caused by autosomal-dominant ELANE mutations (ELANE-CN). ELANE-CN patients are treated with daily injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). However, some patients do not respond to rhG-CSF, and approximately 15% of ELANE-CN patients develop myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we report the development of a curative therapy for ELANE-CN through inhibition of ELANE mRNA expression by introducing two single-strand DNA breaks at the opposing DNA strands of the ELANE promoter TATA box using CRISPR-Cas9D10A nickases-termed MILESTONE. This editing effectively restored defective neutrophil differentiation of ELANE-CN CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro and in vivo, without affecting the functions of the edited neutrophils. CRISPResso analysis of the edited ELANE-CN CD34+ HSPCs revealed on-target efficiencies of over 90%. Simultaneously, GUIDE-seq, CAST-Seq, and rhAmpSeq indicated a safe off-target profile with no off-target sites or chromosomal translocations. Taken together, ex vivo gene editing of ELANE-CN HSPCs using MILESTONE in the setting of autologous stem cell transplantation could be a universal, safe, and efficient gene therapy approach for ELANE-CN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nasri
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Malte U Ritter
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Perihan Mir
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Masako M Kaufmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Arreba-Tutusaus
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Borbaran-Bravo
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maksim Klimiankou
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Children`s Hospital, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Kanke KL, Rayner RE, Abel E, Venugopalan A, Suu M, Stack JT, Nouri R, Guo G, Vetter TA, Cormet-Boyaka E, Hester ME, Vaidyanathan S. Single-Stranded DNA with Internal Base Modifications Mediates Highly Efficient Gene Insertion in Primary Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578476. [PMID: 38352420 PMCID: PMC10862822 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates along with Cas9 have been used for gene insertion but suffer from low efficiency. Here, we show that ssDNA with chemical modifications in 10-17% of internal bases (eDNA) is compatible with the homologous recombination machinery. Moreover, eDNA templates improve gene insertion by 2-3 fold compared to unmodified and end-modified ssDNA in airway basal stem cells (ABCs), hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), T-cells and endothelial cells. Over 50% of alleles showed gene insertion in three clinically relevant loci (CFTR, HBB, and CCR5) in ABCs using eDNA and up to 70% of alleles showed gene insertion in the HBB locus in HSPCs. This level of correction is therapeutically relevant and is comparable to adeno-associated virus-based templates. Knocking out TREX1 nuclease improved gene insertion using unmodified ssDNA but not eDNA suggesting that chemical modifications inhibit TREX1. This approach can be used for therapeutic applications and biological modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kanke
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eli Abel
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Aparna Venugopalan
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Ma Suu
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jacob T Stack
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Reza Nouri
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Gongbo Guo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Tatyana A Vetter
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Mark E Hester
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sriram Vaidyanathan
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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6
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Cavazza A, Hendel A, Bak RO, Rio P, Güell M, Lainšček D, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Peng L, Hapil FZ, Harvey J, Ortega FG, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Lederer CW, Mikkelsen K, Gasiunas G, Kalter N, Gonçalves MA, Petersen J, Garanto A, Montoliu L, Maresca M, Seemann SE, Gorodkin J, Mazini L, Sanchez R, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Maldonado-Pérez N, Laura T, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Maccalli C, Grünewald J, Carmona G, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Miccio A, Martin F, Turchiano G, Cathomen T, Luo Y, Tsai SQ, Benabdellah K. Progress and harmonization of gene editing to treat human diseases: Proceeding of COST Action CA21113 GenE-HumDi. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102066. [PMID: 38034032 PMCID: PMC10685310 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to funding and coordinating scientific and technological research in Europe, fostering collaboration among researchers and institutions across countries. Recently, COST Action funded the "Genome Editing to treat Human Diseases" (GenE-HumDi) network, uniting various stakeholders such as pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, regulatory agencies, biotech firms, and patient advocacy groups. GenE-HumDi's primary objective is to expedite the application of genome editing for therapeutic purposes in treating human diseases. To achieve this goal, GenE-HumDi is organized in several working groups, each focusing on specific aspects. These groups aim to enhance genome editing technologies, assess delivery systems, address safety concerns, promote clinical translation, and develop regulatory guidelines. The network seeks to establish standard procedures and guidelines for these areas to standardize scientific practices and facilitate knowledge sharing. Furthermore, GenE-HumDi aims to communicate its findings to the public in accessible yet rigorous language, emphasizing genome editing's potential to revolutionize the treatment of many human diseases. The inaugural GenE-HumDi meeting, held in Granada, Spain, in March 2023, featured presentations from experts in the field, discussing recent breakthroughs in delivery methods, safety measures, clinical translation, and regulatory aspects related to gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Ayal Hendel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Rasmus O. Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paula Rio
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Güell
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Integra Therapeutics S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Rare Disorders (NAT-RD), Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fatma Zehra Hapil
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Joshua Harvey
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco G. Ortega
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Gonzalez-Martinez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Carsten W. Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Nechama Kalter
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Manuel A.F.V. Gonçalves
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Julie Petersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Human Genetics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Genome Engineering, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan E. Seemann
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loubna Mazini
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Technologic, Medical and Academic Park (TMAP), Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Rosario Sanchez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment," Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan R. Rodriguez-Madoz
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Torella Laura
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute for Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Laboratory of Immune Biological Therapy, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julian Grünewald
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TranslaTUM, MIBE, Munich, Germany
- Center for Organoid Systems, Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Carmona
- Red Andaluza de diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas-RAdytTA, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud-FPS, Sevilla, España
| | | | - Annarita Miccio
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francisco Martin
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Immunology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada and Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Giandomenico Turchiano
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Shengdar Q. Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - on behalf of the COST Action CA21113
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, UK
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIEMAT/CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Integra Therapeutics S.L., Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Rare Disorders (NAT-RD), Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, UMR 7325, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- IBS Granada, Institute of Biomedical Research, Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- CasZyme, 10224 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Human Genetics, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Genome Engineering, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Technologic, Medical and Academic Park (TMAP), Marrakech, Morocco
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of "Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment," Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Berlin Institute for Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Immune Biological Therapy, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, TranslaTUM, MIBE, Munich, Germany
- Center for Organoid Systems, Munich, Germany
- Red Andaluza de diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas-RAdytTA, Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud-FPS, Sevilla, España
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, Université de Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Immunology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada and Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
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