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Fang X, Shrestha SM, Ren L, Shi R. Biological and clinical implications of metastasis-associated circular RNAs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2870-2887. [PMID: 34510785 PMCID: PMC8564336 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality as a result of early metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis is a multistep process, involving various signalling pathways. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed noncoding RNAs, the aberrant expression of which is reported to be involved in several biological events, including cell transformation, proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and metastasis. Several studies have reported interactions between circRNAs and metastasis-associated signalling pathways. The abundance, stability and highly specific expression of candidate circRNAs make them potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OSCC. In this review article, we comprehensively describe metastasis-related circRNAs and their interactions with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated molecules. We also describe the molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of circRNAs in OSCC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Li‐Hua Ren
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rui‐hua Shi
- Medical CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
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2
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Maldonado R, Calvé P, García-Blanco A, Domingo-Rodriguez L, Senabre E, Martín-García E. Genomics and epigenomics of addiction. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2021; 186:128-139. [PMID: 33819378 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the genomics and epigenomics of addiction has contributed to improving our understanding of this complex mental disorder's etiology, filling the gap between genes, environment, and behavior. We review the behavioral genetic studies reporting gene and environment interactions that explain the polygenetic contribution to the resilience and vulnerability to develop addiction. We discuss the evidence of polymorphic candidate genes that confer susceptibility to develop addiction as well as the studies of specific epigenetic marks that contribute to vulnerability and resilience to addictive-like behavior. A particular emphasis has been devoted to the miRNA changes that are considered potential biomarkers. The increasing knowledge about the technology required to alter miRNA expression may provide promising novel therapeutic tools. Finally, we give future directions for the field's progress in disentangling the connection between genes, environment, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Calvé
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Domingo-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Senabre
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Hollensen AK, Thomsen HS, Lloret-Llinares M, Kamstrup AB, Jensen JM, Luckmann M, Birkmose N, Palmfeldt J, Jensen TH, Hansen TB, Damgaard CK. circZNF827 nucleates a transcription inhibitory complex to balance neuronal differentiation. eLife 2020; 9:e58478. [PMID: 33174841 PMCID: PMC7657652 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are important for many cellular processes but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we map circRNA inventories of mouse embryonic stem cells, neuronal progenitor cells and differentiated neurons and identify hundreds of highly expressed circRNAs. By screening several candidate circRNAs for a potential function in neuronal differentiation, we find that circZNF827 represses expression of key neuronal markers, suggesting that this molecule negatively regulates neuronal differentiation. Among 760 tested genes linked to known neuronal pathways, knockdown of circZNF827 deregulates expression of numerous genes including nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), which becomes transcriptionally upregulated to enhance NGF signaling. We identify a circZNF827-nucleated transcription-repressive complex containing hnRNP-K/L proteins and show that knockdown of these factors strongly augments NGFR regulation. Finally, we show that the ZNF827 protein is part of the mRNP complex, suggesting a functional co-evolution of a circRNA and the protein encoded by its linear pre-mRNA host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Lloret-Llinares
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, HinxtonCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Majbritt Luckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Nanna Birkmose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Thomas B Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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4
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Lee LK, Medzikovic L, Eghbali M, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. The Role of MicroRNAs in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis, From Targets to Therapies: A Narrative Review. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1471-1484. [PMID: 33079870 PMCID: PMC8532045 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is characterized by lung epithelial and endothelial cell injury, with increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to pulmonary edema, severe hypoxia, and difficulty with ventilation. The most common cause of ARDS is sepsis, and currently, treatment of ARDS and sepsis has consisted mostly of supportive care because targeted therapies have largely been unsuccessful. The molecular mechanisms behind ARDS remain elusive. Recently, a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) identified through high-throughput screening studies in ARDS patients and preclinical animal models have suggested a role for miRNA in the pathophysiology of ARDS. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs ranging from 18 to 24 nucleotides that regulate gene expression via inhibition of the target mRNA translation or by targeting complementary mRNA for early degradation. Unsurprisingly, some miRNAs that are differentially expressed in ARDS overlap with those important in sepsis. In addition, circulatory miRNA may be useful as biomarkers or as targets for pharmacologic therapy. This can be revolutionary in a syndrome that has neither a measurable indicator of the disease nor a targeted therapy. While there are currently no miRNA-based therapies targeted for ARDS, therapies targeting miRNA have reached phase II clinical trials for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Further studies may yield a unique miRNA profile pattern that serves as a biomarker or as targets for miRNA-based pharmacologic therapy. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been found to play a role in ARDS and sepsis, the potential mechanism of how particular miRNAs may contribute to the pathophysiology of ARDS, and strategies for pharmacologically targeting miRNA as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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5
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Wang HY, Wang YP, Zeng X, Zheng Y, Guo QH, Ji R, Zhou YN. Circular RNA is a popular molecule in tumors of the digestive system (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:21-42. [PMID: 32377736 PMCID: PMC7252451 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumors of the digestive system, including esophageal, gastric, liver and colorectal cancer, are malignant tumors that are associated with rates of high morbidity and mortality. The lack of effective methods for early diagnosis is an important cause of poor prognosis for these malignancies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a family of endogenous, covalently closed non‑coding RNAs that are characterized as having no 5' cap structures or 3' poly‑A tails. Shortly following discovery, circRNAs were considered to be a product of mis‑splicing and have no significant biological function. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence is demonstrating that they serve key roles in tumorigenesis and have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers. The present article summarizes the biogenesis and function of circRNAs and reviews their role in seven common types of tumor of the digestive system whilst exploring their potential as tumor markers and the significant roles they can serve in the digestive system, in addition to providing a referencing point for future studies of digestive system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Xu Y, Yao T, Huang K, Liu G, Huang Y, Gao J, Ye H, Shen S, Ma J. Circular RNA circTUBGCP3 Is Up-Regulated and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration and Survivability via Sponge mir-30b in Osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3729-3737. [PMID: 32440142 PMCID: PMC7210039 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s245366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prevailing evidences have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with various stages of carcinogenesis. However, very few studies have delineated the specific mechanism of association between circRNAs and osteosarcoma (OS). It offers a novel insight that circRNAs can be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for OS. Materials and Methods In this study, circTUBGCP3 was chosen from the existing reported circRNA microarray data obtained from OS cell lines and normal bone cells. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression level of circTUBGCP3 in OS samples and cell lines. Functional assays were conducted to estimate the impact of circTUBGCP3 on human OS cells proliferation, vitality, survivability, and migration. Western blot, luciferase reporter and in vivo tumorigenesis assays were performed to analyze the signaling pathways underlying the interaction of circTUBGCP3, miR-30b, and Vimentin. Results The data indicate that circTUBGCP3 may act as a sponge of miR-30b that further alters the expression of Vimentin, and promotes the proliferation and metastatic properties of OS cells. Conclusion circTUBGCP3 serves as a tumor promoter in tumorigenesis by increasing the possibilities of OS initiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangmao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine & Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Navarro FJ, Baulcombe DC. miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Synthetic Gene Circuits in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:358-370. [PMID: 30624905 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules of 20-24 nts, have many features that make them useful tools for gene expression regulation-small size, flexible design, target predictability, and action at a late stage of the gene expression pipeline. In addition, their role in fine-tuning gene expression can be harnessed to increase robustness of synthetic gene networks. In this work, we apply a synthetic biology approach to characterize miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This characterization is then used to build tools based on miRNAs, such as synthetic miRNAs, miRNA-responsive 3'UTRs, miRNA decoys, and self-regulatory loops. These tools will facilitate the engineering of gene expression for new applications and improved traits in this alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Navarro
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Baulcombe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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