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Long Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Guo H, Cui G. The complex effects of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1309-1323. [PMID: 39075895 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities. Neuroinflammatory plaques formed through the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β proteins, as well as neurofibrillary tangles formed by the intracellular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, comprise two typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Besides symptomatic treatment, there are no effective therapies for delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. MicroRNAs (miR) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels and play important roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, miR-146a, a NF-κB-regulated gene, has been extensively implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease through several pathways. Research has demonstrated substantial dysregulation of miR-146a both during the initial phases and throughout the progression of this disorder. MiR-146a is believed to reduce amyloid-β deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation through the TLR/IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway; however, there is also evidence supporting that it can promote these processes through many other pathways, thus exacerbating the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. It has been widely reported that miR-146a mediates synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death by targeting mRNAs encoding synaptic-related proteins, mitochondrial-related proteins, and membrane proteins, as well as other mRNAs. Regarding the impact on glial cells, miR-146a also exhibits differential effects. On one hand, it causes widespread and sustained inflammation through certain pathways, while on the other hand, it can reverse the polarization of astrocytes and microglia, alleviate neuroinflammation, and promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation, thus maintaining the normal function of the myelin sheath and exerting a protective effect on neurons. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We aim to elucidate the relationship between miR-146a and the key pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, such as amyloid-β deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and glial cell dysfunction, as well as summarize recent relevant studies that have highlighted the potential of miR-146a as a clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ghosh S, Hom Choudhury S, Mukherjee K, Bhattacharyya SN. HuR-miRNA complex activates RAS GTPase RalA to facilitate endosome targeting and extracellular export of miRNAs. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105750. [PMID: 38360271 PMCID: PMC10956062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles-mediated exchange of miRNA cargos between diverse types of mammalian cells is a major mechanism of controlling cellular miRNA levels and activity, thus regulating the expression of miRNA-target genes in both donor and recipient cells. Despite tremendous excitement related to extracellular vesicles-associated miRNAs as biomarkers or having therapeutic potential, the mechanism of selective packaging of miRNAs into endosomes and multivesicular bodies for subsequent extracellular export is poorly studied due to the lack of an in vitro assay system. Here, we have developed an in vitro assay with endosomes isolated from mammalian macrophage cells to follow miRNA packaging into endocytic organelles. The synthetic miRNAs, used in the assay, get imported inside the isolated endosomes during the in vitro reaction and become protected from RNase in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The selective miRNA accumulation inside endosomes requires both ATP and GTP hydrolysis and the miRNA-binding protein HuR. The HuR-miRNA complex binds and stimulates the endosomal RalA GTPase to facilitate the import of miRNAs into endosomes and their subsequent export as part of the extracellular vesicles. The endosomal targeting of miRNAs is also very much dependent on the endosome maturation process that is controlled by Rab5 protein and ATP. In summary, we provide an in vitro method to aid in the investigation of the mechanism of miRNA packaging process for its export from mammalian macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Ghosh
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sourav Hom Choudhury
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Nebraska, USA.
| | - Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Nebraska, USA.
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3
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Imran Sajid M, Sultan Sheikh F, Anis F, Nasim N, Sumbria RK, Nauli SM, Kumar Tiwari R. siRNA drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114968. [PMID: 37353152 PMCID: PMC10528676 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a few FDA-approved drugs that provide modest symptomatic benefits and only two FDA-approved disease-modifying treatments for AD. The advancements in understanding the causative genes and non-coding sequences at the molecular level of the pathophysiology of AD have resulted in several exciting research papers that employed small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy. Although siRNA is being sought by academia and biopharma industries, several challenges still need to be addressed. We comprehensively report the latest advances in AD pathophysiology, druggable targets, ongoing clinical trials, and the siRNA-based approaches across the blood-brain barrier for addressing AD. This review describes the latest delivery systems employed to address this barrier. Critical insights and future perspectives on siRNA therapy for AD are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Sultan Sheikh
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Anis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nourina Nasim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Baber Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, 54792 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
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4
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Zhang X, Zhu L, Wang X, Xia L, Zhang Y. Advances in the role and mechanism of miRNA in inflammatory pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114463. [PMID: 36868014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a distressing experience associated with tissue damage or potential tissue damage, and its occurrence is related to sensory, emotional, cognitive and social factors. Inflammatory pain is one of the chronic pains where pain hypersensitivity are functional features of inflammation used to protect tissues from further damage. Pain has a serious impact on people's lives and has become a social problem that cannot be ignored. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that exert directing effects on RNA silencing by complementary binding to the 3'UTR of target mRNA. MiRNAs can target a number of protein-coding genes and participate in almost all developmental and pathological processes in animals. Growing studies have suggested that miRNAs have significant implications for inflammatory pain via participating in multiple processes during the occurrence and development, such as affecting the activation of glial cells, regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting central and peripheral sensitization. In this review, the advances in the role of miRNAs in inflammatory pain were discussed. miRNAs as a class of micro-mediators are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for inflammatory pain, which provides a better diagnostic and treatment approach for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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5
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Wen J, Deng J, Xiao T, Liu Y, Meng W. Adipose Rheb deficiency promotes miR-182-5p expression via the cAMP/PPARγ signaling pathway. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:20-26. [PMID: 35550871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in adipocytes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity. However, the signaling mechanisms regulating miRNAs production in adipose tissue remain largely unclear. Here, we show that adipose tissue-specific knockout of Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), a direct upstream activator of mTOR, increases miR-182-5p level in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissues. Interestingly, the inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin has no effect on miR-182-5p level in primary subcutaneous white adipocytes, suggesting the presence of a mTOR-independent mechanism regulating Rheb-mediated miR-182-5p expression. Consistent with this view, Rheb-ablation activates the cAMP/PPARγ signaling pathway. In addition, treatment of white adipocytes with pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, dramatically upregulates miR-182-5p levels. Our study reveals a unique mechanism by which Rheb regulates miR-182-5p in adipocytes. Given that increasing miR-182-5p in adipose tissue promotes beige fat development, our study also suggests a unique mechanism by which Rheb promotes thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiangming Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Wen Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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6
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Tan Z, Li W, Cheng X, Zhu Q, Zhang X. Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Potential Treatment Targets for Related Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010018. [PMID: 36671403 PMCID: PMC9855933 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and piRNAs, do not encode proteins. Nonetheless, they have critical roles in a variety of cellular activities-such as development, neurogenesis, degeneration, and the response to injury to the nervous system-via protein translation, RNA splicing, gene activation, silencing, modifications, and editing; thus, they may serve as potential targets for disease treatment. The activity of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus critically influences hippocampal function, including learning, memory, and emotion. ncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs and synapse formation. The interaction among ncRNAs is complex and diverse and has become a major topic within the life science. This review outlines advances in research on the roles of ncRNAs in modulating NSC bioactivity in the hippocampus and discusses their potential applications in the treatment of illnesses affecting the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Medical School, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Central Lab, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224001, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sundaramoorthy TH, Castanho I. The Neuroepigenetic Landscape of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221135848. [PMID: 36353727 PMCID: PMC9638687 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221135848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate and invertebrate models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been paramount to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions; however, the brain epigenetic landscape is less well established in these disease models. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs are among commonly studied mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Genome-wide studies and candidate studies of specific methylation marks, histone marks, and microRNAs have demonstrated the dysregulation of these mechanisms in models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the studies to date are scarce and inconclusive and the implications of many of these changes are still not fully understood. In this review, we summarize epigenetic changes reported to date in the brain of vertebrate and invertebrate models used to study neurodegenerative diseases, specifically diseases affecting the aging population. We also discuss caveats of epigenetic research so far and the use of disease models to understand neurodegenerative diseases, with the aim of improving the use of model organisms in this context in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Castanho
- University of Exeter Medical School,
University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
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8
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Rafiee M, Nosrati R, Babaei P. Protective effect of miR-34c antagomir against STZ-induced memory impairment by targeting mTOR and PSD-95 in the hippocampus of rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 789:136881. [PMID: 36152745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
After long times of ongoing research, still there is no appropriate cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, epigenetic alterations, particularly miRNA, have gotten attention in AD research. Among various miRNA, miR-34c has been addressed to be elevated in the brain of AD patients, however, its exact role and downstream mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of miR-34c antagomir on cognitive dysfunction induced by streptozocin (STZ), considering postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and mammalian target of rapamycin expression (mTOR). Forty rats were cannulated intraventricularly under deep anesthesia using stereotaxic apparatus and divided into five groups: saline + saline, STZ + saline, STZ + miR-34c antagomir, STZ + lipofectamine, and STZ + scrambled, and received the related treatments for two weeks. At the end of the treatments, spatial memory and locomotor activity were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM), and open fields, respectively. Finally, PSD-95 and mTOR levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting on hippocampal samples. Results showed that miR-34c antagomir markedly ameliorated spatial learning and memory deficits induced by STZ, and significantly enhanced PSD-95 and mTOR levels in the hippocampus. In conclusion, miR-34c antagomir may be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Rafiee
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular &Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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9
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Zeng C, Hu J, Chen F, Huang T, Zhang L. The Coordination of mTOR Signaling and Non-Coding RNA in Regulating Epileptic Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924642. [PMID: 35898503 PMCID: PMC9310657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy accounts for a significant proportion of the burden of neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation acting as the inflammatory response to epileptic seizures is characterized by aberrant regulation of inflammatory cells and molecules, and has been regarded as a key process in epilepsy where mTOR signaling serves as a pivotal modulator. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) interfering with mTOR signaling are involved in neuroinflammation and therefore articipate in the development and progression of epilepsy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the regulation of mTOR on neuroinflammatory cells and mediators, and feature the progresses of the interaction between ncRNAs and mTOR in epileptic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudai Zeng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, ; Tianxiang Huang, ; Longbo Zhang,
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10
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Paidi RK, Sarkar S, Ambareen N, Biswas SC. Medha Plus - A novel polyherbal formulation ameliorates cognitive behaviors and disease pathology in models of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113086. [PMID: 35617801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-faceted neurodegenerative disorder that leads to drastic cognitive impairments culminating in death. Pathologically, it is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration in brain. Complete cure of AD remains elusive to date. Available synthetic drugs only provide symptomatic reliefs targeting single molecule, hence, are unable to address the multi-factorial aspects in AD pathogenesis. It is imperative to develop combinatorial drugs that address the multiple molecular targets in AD. We show a unique polyherbal formulation of Brahmi, Mandukaparni, Shankhpushpi, Yastimadhu, Kokilaksha and Shunthi called 'Medha Plus' (MP), conventionally used for improving memory and reducing anxiety, was able to ameliorate cognitive deficits and associated pathological hallmarks of AD. Viability assays revealed that MP prevented Aβ-induced loss of neurites as well as neuronal apoptosis in cellular models. An array of behavioral studies showed that MP was able to recover AD-associated memory deficits in both Aβ-injected rats and 5XFAD mice. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that MP treatment reduced Aβ depositshpi and decreased apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus. Enzymatic assays demonstrated anti-oxidative and anti-acetyl cholinesterase properties of MP especially in hippocampus of Aβ-injected rats. An underlying improvement in synaptic plasticity was observed with MP treatment in 5XFAD mice along with an increased expression of phospho-Akt at serine 473 indicating a role of PI3K/Akt signaling in correcting these synaptic deficits. Thus, our strong experiment-driven approach shows that MP is an incredible combinatorial drug that targets multiple molecular targets with exemplary neuroprotective properties and is proposed for clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sukanya Sarkar
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Naqiya Ambareen
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Moayedi K, Orandi S, Ebrahimi R, Tanhapour M, Moradi M, Abbastabar M, Golestani A. A novel approach to type 3 diabetes mechanism: The interplay between noncoding RNAs and insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2838-2861. [PMID: 35580144 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, growing evidence indicates that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, AD as one of the main causes of dementia in people aged more than 65 years can be aggravated by insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic risk factors related to T2D which are also linked to the function of the brain. Remarkably, a new term called "type 3 diabetes" has been suggested for those people who are diagnosed with AD while also showing the symptoms of IR and T2D. In this regard, the role of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with AD has been confirmed by many studies. On the other hand, it should be noted that the insulin signaling pathway is highly regulated by various mechanisms, including epigenetic factors. Among these, the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs has been comprehensively studied with respect to the pathology of AD and the most well-known underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, the number of studies exploring the association between ncRNAs and the downstream targets of the insulin signaling pathway in the development of AD has notably increased in recent years. With this in view, the present study aimed to review the interplay between different ncRNAs and the insulin signaling pathway targets in the pathogenesis of AD to find a new approach in the field of combining biomarkers or therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Moayedi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Orandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tanhapour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Moradi
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Guha S, Paidi RK, Goswami S, Saha P, Biswas SC. ICAM-1 protects neurons against Amyloid-β and improves cognitive behaviors in 5xFAD mice by inhibiting NF-κB. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:194-210. [PMID: 34875346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation due to tau hyperphosphorylation. It has been shown that astrocytes respond to these pathologies very early and exert either beneficial or deleterious effects towards neurons. Here, we identified soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) which is rapidly increased in astrocyte conditioned medium derived from Aβ1-42 treated cultured astrocytes (Aβ1-42-ACM). Aβ1-42-ACM was found to be neuroprotective, however, Aβ1-42-ACM deprived of ICAM-1 was unable to protect neurons against Aβ1-42 mediated toxicity. Moreover, exogenous ICAM-1 renders protection to neurons from Aβ1-42 induced death. It blocks Aβ1-42-mediated PARP cleavage and increases the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and decreases pro-apoptotic protein Bim. In an Aβ-infused rat model of AD and in 5xFAD mouse, intra-peritoneal administration of ICAM-1 revealed a reduction in Aβ load in hippocampal and cortical regions. Moreover, ICAM-1 treatment led to an increment in the expression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we found that ICAM-1 can ameliorate cognitive deficits in Aβ-infused rat and 5xFAD mouse. Interestingly, ICAM-1 could block the NF-κB upregulation by Aβ and inhibition of NF-κB recovers cognitive impairments in 5xFAD mice. Thus, our study finds a neuroprotective role of ICAM-1 and suggests that it can be a major candidate in cytokine-mediated therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalakshmi Guha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, RUMC, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite Cohn 336, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soumita Goswami
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pampa Saha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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BH3-only proteins Puma and Beclin1 regulate autophagic death in neurons in response to Amyloid-β. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:356. [PMID: 34782612 PMCID: PMC8593071 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of senile amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles causing progressive loss of synapse and neuronal death. Out of the various neuron death modalities, autophagy and apoptosis are reported to be the major death paradigms in AD. However, how these two processes lead to neuronal loss is still inconspicuous. Here we report that under Aβ toxicity, aberrant autophagy is induced with inefficient autophagic flux in neurons. Simultaneous activation of both autophagy and apoptosis are seen in primary cortical neurons as well as in transgenic mice brains. We found that induction of autophagy by rapamycin is detrimental for neurons; whereas downregulation of Beclin1, an important autophagy inducing protein, provides significant protection in Aβ treated neuronal cells by blocking cytochrome-c release from the mitochondria. We further report that downregulation of Puma, a BH3-only pro-apoptotic protein, inhibits the induction of aberrant autophagy and also ameliorates the autophagy flux under the influence of Aβ. Notably, stereotactic administration of shRNAs against Puma and Beclin1 in adult Aβ-infused rat brains inhibits both apoptotic and autophagic pathways. The regulation of both of the death processes is brought about by the direct interaction between Puma and Beclin1 upon Aβ treatment. We conclude that both Beclin1 and Puma play essential roles in the neuronal death caused by the induction of aberrant autophagy in AD and targeting their interaction could be vital to understand the crosstalk of autophagy and apoptosis as well as to develop a potential therapeutic strategy in AD.
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