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Ullah Khan N, Sadiq A, Khan J, Basharat N, Hassan ZU, Ali I, Shah TA, Bourhia M, Bin Jardan YA, Wondmie GF. Molecular characterization of plasma virome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. AMB Express 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 38664337 PMCID: PMC11045709 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the most common cancer type, arising from various causes, and responsible for a substantial number of cancer-related fatalities. Recent advancements in viral metagenomics have empowered scientists to delve into the intricate diversity of the virosphere, viral evolution, interactions between viruses and their hosts, and the identification of viral causes behind disease outbreaks, the development of specific symptoms, and their potential role in altering the host's physiology. The present study had the objective of "Molecular Characterization of HBV, HCV, anelloviruses, CMV, SENV-D, SENV-H, HEV, and HPV viruses among individuals suffering from HCC." A total of 381 HCC patients contributed 10 cc of blood each for this study. The research encompassed the assessment of tumor markers, followed by molecular characterization of HBV, HCV, Anelloviruses (TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV), SENV-H and SENV-D viruses, HEV, CMV, and HPV, as well as histopathological examinations. The outcomes of this study revealed that majority of the HCC patients 72.4% (276/381) were male as compared to females. HCV infection, at 76.4% (291 out of 381), exhibited a significant association (p < 0.05) with HCC. Most patients displayed singular lesions in the liver, with Child Pugh Score Type B being the predominant finding in 45.2% of cases. Plasma virome analysis indicated the prevalence of TTMDV (75%), followed by TTMV (70%) and TTV (42.1%) among anelloviruses in HCC patients. Similarly, SENV-H (52%) was followed by SENV-D (20%), with co-infections at 15%. The presence of CMV and HEV among the HCC patients was recorded 5% each however 3.5% of the patients showed the presence of HPV. In conclusion, this study underscores that HCC patients serve as reservoirs for various pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses, potentially contributing to the development, progression, and severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Ullah Khan
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Sadiq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Jadoon Khan
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra University, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Basharat
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ul Hassan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra University, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, West Mishref, Kuwait
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80060, Morocco.
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jankovic M, Knezevic T, Tomic A, Milicevic O, Jovanovic T, Djunic I, Mihaljevic B, Knezevic A, Todorovic-Balint M. Human Cytomegalovirus Oncoprotection across Diverse Populations, Tumor Histologies, and Age Groups: The Relevance for Prospective Vaccinal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3741. [PMID: 38612552 PMCID: PMC11012084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The oncogenicity of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently being widely debated. Most recently, mounting clinical evidence suggests an anti-cancer effect via CMV-induced T cell-mediated tumor destruction. However, the data were mostly obtained from single-center studies and in vitro experiments. Broad geographic coverage is required to offer a global perspective. Our study examined the correlation between country-specific CMV seroprevalence (across 73 countries) and the age-standardized incidence rate (of 34 invasive tumors). The populations studied were stratified according to decadal age periods as the immunologic effects of CMV seropositivity may depend upon age at initial infection. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (IARC WHO) database was used. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a worldwide inverse correlation between CMV seroprevalence and the incidences of 62.8% tumors. Notably, this inverse link persists for all cancers combined (Spearman's ρ = -0.732, p < 0.001; β = -0.482, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.737). An antithetical and significant correlation was also observed in particular age groups for the vast majority of tumors. Our results corroborate the conclusions of previous studies and indicate that this oncopreventive phenomenon holds true on a global scale. It applies to a wide spectrum of cancer histologies, additionally supporting the idea of a common underlying mechanism-CMV-stimulated T cell tumor targeting. Although these results further advance the notion of CMV-based therapies, in-depth investigation of host-virus interactions is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jankovic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Tara Knezevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ognjen Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 15 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Institute for Biocides and Medical Ecology, 16 Trebevicka Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irena Djunic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Milena Todorovic-Balint
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Georgopoulos AP, James LM. Association between brain cancer immunogenetic profile and in silico immunogenicities of 11 viruses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21528. [PMID: 38057480 PMCID: PMC10700375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several viruses including human herpes viruses (HHVs), human polyomavirus JCV, and human papilloma virus (HPV) have been implicated in brain cancer, albeit inconsistently. Since human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is centrally involved in the human immune response to viruses and has been implicated in brain cancer, we evaluated in silico the immunogenicity between 69 Class I HLA alleles with epitopes of proteins of 9 HHVs, JCV, and HPV with respect to a population-based HLA-brain cancer profile. We found that immunogenicity varied widely across HLA alleles with HLA-C alleles exhibiting the highest immunogenicity, and that immunogenicity scores were negatively associated with the population-based HLA-brain cancer profile, particularly for JCV, HHV6A, HHV5, HHV3, HHV8, and HHV7. Consistent with the role of HLA in foreign antigen elimination, the findings suggest that viruses with proteins of high HLA immunogenicity are eliminated more effectively and, consequently, less likely to cause brain cancer; conversely, the absence of highly immunogenic HLA may allow the viral antigens to persist, contributing to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Letafati A, Ardekani OS, Naderisemiromi M, Fazeli MM, Jemezghani NA, Yavarian J. Oncolytic viruses against cancer, promising or delusion? Med Oncol 2023; 40:246. [PMID: 37458862 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is one of the most challenging topics in medical sciences. Different methods such as chemotherapy, tumor surgery, and immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy (ICIs) are potential approaches to treating cancer and killing tumor cells, but clinical studies have shown that they have been successful for a limited group of patients. Using viruses as a treatment can be considered as an effective treatment in the field of medicine. This is considered as a potential treatment, especially in comparison to chemotherapy, which has severe side effects related to the immune system. Most oncolytic viruses (OVs) have the potential to multiply in cancer cells, which are more than normal cells in malignant tissue and can induce immune responses. Therefore, tons of efforts and research have been started on the utilization of OVs as a treatment for cancer and have shown promising in treating cancers with less side effects. In this article, we have gathered studies about oncolytic viruses and their effectiveness in cancer treatment.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Omid Salahi] Last name [Ardekani], Author 2 Given name: [Mohammad Mehdi] Last name [Fazeli], Author 3 Given name: [Nillofar Asadi] Last name [Jemezghani]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Naderisemiromi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Fazeli
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao Z, Cao L, Sun Z, Liu W, Li X, Fang K, Shang X, Hu J, Chen H, Lou Z, Qian P. A Structure-Guided Genetic Modification Strategy: Developing Seneca Valley Virus Therapy against Nonsensitive Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma. J Virol 2023; 97:e0045923. [PMID: 37097154 PMCID: PMC10231241 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00459-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have illustrated that the Seneca Valley virus (SVV) shows sufficient oncolytic efficacy targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the therapeutics of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC, accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases) using oncolytic virus have been resisting due to the filtration of neutralizing antibody and limited reproduction capacity. Here, we employed structural biology and reverse genetics to optimize novel oncolytic SVV mutants (viral receptor-associated mutant SVV-S177A and viral antigenic peptide-related variant SVV-S177A/P60S) with increased infectivity and lower immunogenicity. The results of the NSCLC-bearing athymic mouse model demonstrated that wild-type (wt) SVV-HB extended the median overall survival (mOS) from 11 days in the PBS group to 19 days. Notably, the newly discovered mutations significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged the mOS from 11 days in the control cohort to 23 days in the SVV-S177A cohort and the SVV-S177A/P60S cohort. Taken together, we present a structure-guided genetic modification strategy for oncolytic SVV optimization and provide a candidate for developing oncolytic viral therapy against nonsensitive NSCLC. IMPORTANCE Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases (more than 1.85 million cases with 1.48 million deaths in 2020). In the present study, two novel oncolytic SVV mutants modified based on structural biology and reverse genetics (viral receptor-associated mutant SVV-S177A and viral antigenic peptide-related mutant SVV-S177A/P60S) with increased infectivity or lower immunogenicity significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged the mOS from 11 days in the control cohort to 23 days in the SVV-S177A cohort and the SVV-S177A/P60S cohort in the NSCLC-bearing athymic mouse model, which may provide the direction for modifying SVV to improve the effect of oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Response, College of Life Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixian Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kui Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Hubei Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Rashid S, Ardeljan A, Frankel LR, Cardeiro M, Kim E, Nagel BM, Takabe K, Rashid O. Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Associated With Decreased Risk of Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Understanding How a Previous CMV Infection Leads to an Enhanced Immune Response Against Malignancy. Cureus 2023; 15:e37265. [PMID: 37162767 PMCID: PMC10164441 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes a long-lasting, asymptomatic infection that reportedly has both advantageous and deleterious effects on tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CMV infection and the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS The study was conducted using a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant national database to identify patients both with and without histories of CMV infection using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 and ICD-9) codes. Access to the database was granted by Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale for the purpose of academic research with standard statistical methods used to analyze the data. 14,319 patients were included in both the control and CMV-exposed groups and matched by age range and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. RESULTS The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma was 1.69% (243/14,319 patients) in the CMV group and 6.08% (871/14,319 patients) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant by a p-value of less than 2.6x10-16 with an odds ratio of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.24-0.30). The two groups were also matched for treatment. Further evaluation of the CMV-specific treatment effects on outcomes was limited due to the insufficient number of treated patients in the control group. CONCLUSION This study found a statistically significant correlation between a prior CMV infection and a reduced incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma. This study demonstrates the need for further investigation into how the tumor microenvironment and host immune system are altered by the presence of a latent CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Rashid
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Amalia Ardeljan
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Lexi R Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Matthew Cardeiro
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Enoch Kim
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Brittany M Nagel
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
| | - Omar Rashid
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Leonard Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Complex General Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Topline MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Memorial Healthcare, Pembroke Pines, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Delray Medical Center, Delray, USA
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Nagel B, Frankel L, Ardeljan A, Cardeiro M, Rashid S, Takabe K, Rashid OM. The Association of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Colorectal Cancer: A Clinical Analysis. World J Oncol 2023; 14:119-124. [PMID: 37188037 PMCID: PMC10181428 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) commonly infects humans and establishes lifelong infection. It causes disease and increased mortality rates in patients with immunosuppression. HCMV gene products are found to be present in multiple human malignancies and target cellular functions involved in tumor development; additionally, a tumor-cytoreductive role of CMV has also been observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between CMV infection and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The data were provided by a national database that is compliant with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Using International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 and ICD-9 diagnostic codes, the data were filtered to evaluate patients infected with HCMV versus patients never infected with HCMV. Patient data from 2010 to 2019 were assessed. Access to the database was granted by Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale for the purpose of academic research. Standard statistical methods were used. Results Between January 2010 and December 2019, the query was analyzed and resulted in 14,235 patients after matching in the infected and control groups. The groups were matched by age range, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, and treatment. The incidence of CRC was 1.159% (165 patients) in the HCMV group and 2.845% (405 patients) in the control group. The difference after matching was statistically significant by a P-value < 2.2 × 10-16 with an odds ratio of 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32 - 0.42). Conclusions The study shows a statistically significant correlation between CMV infection and a reduced incidence of CRC. Further evaluation is recommended to assess the potential of CMV in reducing CRC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Nagel
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lexi Frankel
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Amalia Ardeljan
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Cardeiro
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Selena Rashid
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Omar M. Rashid
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Michael and Dianne Biennes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- University of Miami, Leonard Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA
- Corresponding Author: Omar M. Rashid, Complex General Surgical Oncology, General & Robotic Surgery, TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA.
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Human Cytomegalovirus Is Associated with Lower HCC Recurrence in Liver Transplant Patients. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4281-4290. [PMID: 34898547 PMCID: PMC8544456 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been reported to compromise liver transplantation (LT) outcomes. Recent studies have shown that CMV has a beneficial oncolytic ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CMV on tumor recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation (LT). This retrospective study enrolled 280 HCC patients with LT at our institute between January 2005 and January 2016. Their relevant demographic characteristics, pre- and post-LT conditions, and explant histology were collected. A CMV pp65 antigenemia assay was performed weekly following LT to identify CMV infection. A total of 121 patients (43.2%) were CMV antigenemia-positive and 159 patients (56.8%) were negative. A significantly superior five-year recurrence-free survival was observed among CMV antigenemia-positive patients compared with the CMV-negative group (89.2% vs. 79.9%, p = 0.049). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the positive and negative CMV antigenemia groups (70.2% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.255). The major cause of death was HCC recurrence in CMV antigenemia-negative patients (51.3%), whereas more CMV antigenemia-positive patients died due to other bacterial or fungal infections (58.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for tumor recurrence included positive CMV antigenemia (p = 0.042; odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20–0.97), microscopic vascular invasion (p = 0.001; OR = 3.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78–8.36), and tumor status beyond the Milan criteria (p = 0.001; OR = 3.69; 95% CI = 1.77–7.71). In conclusion, in addition to the well-known Milan criteria, human CMV is associated with a lower HCC recurrence rate after LT. However, this tumor suppressive property does not lead to prolonged overall survival, especially in severely immunocompromised patients who are vulnerable to other infections.
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El Baba R, Herbein G. Immune Landscape of CMV Infection in Cancer Patients: From "Canonical" Diseases Toward Virus-Elicited Oncomodulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730765. [PMID: 34566995 PMCID: PMC8456041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an immensely pervasive herpesvirus, persistently infecting high percentages of the world population. Despite the apparent robust host immune responses, HCMV is capable of replicating, evading host defenses, and establishing latency throughout life by developing multiple immune-modulatory strategies. HCMV has coexisted with humans mounting various mechanisms to evade immune cells and effectively win the HCMV-immune system battle mainly through maintaining its viral genome, impairing HLA Class I and II molecule expression, evading from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interfering with cellular signaling, inhibiting apoptosis, escaping complement attack, and stimulating immunosuppressive cytokines (immune tolerance). HCMV expresses several gene products that modulate the host immune response and promote modifications in non-coding RNA and regulatory proteins. These changes are linked to several complications, such as immunosenescence and malignant phenotypes leading to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and oncomodulation. Hence, tumor survival is promoted by affecting cellular proliferation and survival, invasion, immune evasion, immunosuppression, and giving rise to angiogenic factors. Viewing HCMV-induced evasion mechanisms will play a principal role in developing novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies. Since tumors acquire immune evasion strategies, anti-tumor immunity could be prominently triggered by multimodal strategies to induce, on one side, immunogenic tumor apoptosis and to actively oppose the immune suppressive microenvironment, on the other side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Besançon (CHRU) Besançon, Besancon, France
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10
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Ye S, Hu Y, Chen C, Chen S, Tong X, Zhu H, Deng B, Hu X, Sun X, Chen X, Shi X, Gu R, Xie W, Guo G, Xing D, Shen X, Xue X, Shen S. The Human Cytomegalovirus US31 Gene Predicts Favorable Survival and Regulates the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:614925. [PMID: 33959494 PMCID: PMC8093799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an oncogenic virus associated with tumorigenesis. Our previous study revealed that the HCMV US31 gene interacted with NF-κB2 and mediated inflammation through macrophages. However, there are few reports on the role of US31 in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the US31 gene in GC tissue and assess its role in the occurrence and development of GC. US31 expression in 573 cancer tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that US31 was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.005) and distant metastasis (P < 0.001). Higher US31 expression indicated better overall survival in GC patients. Overexpression of US31 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells in vitro (P < 0.05). Furthermore, expression levels of CD4, CD66b, and CD166 were positively correlated with US31, suggesting that it was involved in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment of GC. RNA sequencing, along with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, confirmed that the expression of US31 promoted immune activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, US31 inhibited the malignant phenotype and regulated tumor immune cell infiltration in GC; these results suggest that US31 could be a potential prognostic factor for GC and may open the door for a new immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Precision Medical Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenbin Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sian Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinya Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianjing Hu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiadong Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruihong Gu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangkai Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shurong Shen
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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11
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The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052250. [PMID: 33668202 PMCID: PMC7956256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.
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Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:159-183. [PMID: 33704184 PMCID: PMC7816176 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of viruses for tumour treatment has been imagined more than one hundred years ago, when it was reported that viral diseases were occasionally leading to a decrease in neoplastic lesions. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) seem to have a specific tropism for tumour cells. Previously, it was hypothesised that OVs’ antineoplastic actions were mainly due to their ability to contaminate, proliferate and destroy tumour cells and the immediate destructive effect on cells was believed to be the single mechanism of action of OVs’ action. Instead, it has been established that oncolytic viruses operate via a multiplicity of systems, including mutation of tumour milieu and a composite change of the activity of immune effectors. Oncolytic viruses redesign the tumour environment towards an antitumour milieu. The aim of our work is to evaluate the findings present in the literature about the use of OVs in the cure of haematological neoplastic pathologies such as multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and lymphoproliferative diseases. Further experimentations are essential to recognize the most efficient virus or treatment combinations for specific haematological diseases, and the combinations able to induce the strongest immune response.
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