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Hu Y, Ren B, Cheng L, Deng S, Chen Q. Candida species in periodontitis: A new villain or a new target? J Dent 2024; 148:105138. [PMID: 38906455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research indicated that fungi might have a role in periodontitis alongside traditional periodontal pathogens. This state-of-the-art narrative review explores current concepts on the involvement of Candida species in periodontitis, and suggests the potential for ecological management of this disease. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted for a narrative review on Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus about periodontitis associated with Candida species. Published articles, including case reports, case series, observational and interventional clinical trials, and critical appraisals of the literature were retrieved and reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Several factors predispose individuals to periodontitis associated with Candida species. These include systemic diseases that lead to immunosuppression and oral environment changes such as cigarette smoking. While a consistent significant increase in the detection rate of Candida species in patients with periodontitis has not been universally observed, there is evidence linking Candida species to the severity of periodontitis and their potential to worsen the condition. Candida species may participate in the development of periodontitis in various ways, including cross-kingdom interactions with periodontal pathogens, changes in the local or systemic environment favoring the virulence of Candida species, and interactions between Candida-bacteria and host immunity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical plaque control is the most common treatment for periodontitis, but its effectiveness may be limited, particularly when dealing with systemic risk factors. Understanding the specific role of Candida in periodontitis illuminates innovative approaches for managing the ecological balance in periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Shi N, Kong C, Yuan L, Liu L, Zhao K, Lü J, Wang X. The bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes: New prospects for stem cell-derived exosomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115219. [PMID: 37531782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes have a bidirectional link, making therapeutic treatment of periodontitis and diabetes challenging. Numerous factors, including microbes, inflammatory cytokines, immune cell activity, glucose levels, and metabolic disorders, contribute to the bidirectional relationship of periodontitis and diabetes. Basic periodontal treatment, medication, surgical treatment, and combined treatment are the most widely used treatments, but their efficacy are limited. Because of their capacity to support bone remodeling and tissue regeneration and restoration, reduce blood glucose levels, restore islet function, and ameliorate local and systemic inflammation, stem cell-derived exosomes have emerged as a possible therapeutic. In this review, we summarize the utilization of stem cell-derived exosomes in periodontitis and diabetes,discuss their potential mechanisms in periodontitis and diabetes bidirectional promoters. It provides some theoretical basis for using stem cell-derived exosomes to regulate the bidirectional link between periodontitis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixu Shi
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kelin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junfeng Lü
- Department of Radiation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Jaffey JA, Okwumabua O, Graves TK, Al-Nakkash L, Monasky R, Wilson A, Thangamani S. Evaluation of Candida spp. and Other Fungi in Feces from Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100567. [PMID: 36288180 PMCID: PMC9609726 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in dogs that is similar to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common non-pathogenic fungi that is identified more commonly and in higher amounts in humans with T1DM, including the gastrointestinal tract. This change to the distribution of microorganisms that inhabit the intestine has potential to affect glycemic control and even spread to other organs and cause severe illness. There are no studies that have investigated whether diabetic dogs, like humans, have alterations to the intestinal mycobiome. Therefore, our study sought to determine whether differences exist in the types of fungi cultured from feces in diabetic dogs and non-diabetic healthy control dogs. In addition, we wanted to find out if there were variables associated with fungi colonization. Diabetic dogs had more quantitative fungal growth than controls and females were more likely to yield growth than males. Diabetic dogs were also more likely to have Candida spp. colonized from feces. Glycemic control was also seemingly associated with growth of Candida spp. in diabetic dogs. Our results indicate that the intestinal mycobiome is altered in diabetic dogs with increased prevalence of Candida spp. and quantitative growth of fungi. Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and in most cases is analogous to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in humans. Candida spp. is a common commensal fungi with higher prevalence and magnitude of growth in humans with T1DM. There is currently no published information about the fungal microbiome in diabetic dogs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine whether diabetic dogs were more likely to have Candida spp. or other types of fungi from feces compared to non-diabetic controls, and (ii) identify variables associated with fungi colonization. Fourteen diabetic dogs and 14 age, sex, and breed matched non-diabetic healthy control dogs were included in this prospective case–control study. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for fungal identification. Diabetic dogs had greater quantitative fungal growth compared to controls (p = 0.004). Moreover, female dogs were more likely to have fungi colonization than males (p = 0.02). All instances of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. colonization were exclusively identified in diabetic dogs. Serum fructosamine concentration was higher in diabetic dogs with fecal colonization of Candida spp. compared to diabetic dogs without growth (p = 0.03). Our results indicate that the fungal microbiome in feces is altered in diabetic dogs, which seem to favor an increased prevalence of Candida spp. and higher quantitative fungal growth. Moreover, female sex and glycemic control could affect the intestinal mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
| | - Ogi Okwumabua
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Thomas K. Graves
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Ross Monasky
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Alec Wilson
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Shankar Thangamani
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.J.); (S.T.)
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Fungi—A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:113-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roudbar Mohammadi S, Zarei N, Roudbary M, dos Santos AS, Nikoomanesh F, Mohammadi R, Shirvan B, Yaalimadad S. Prevalence, molecular identification, and genotyping of Candida species recovered from oral cavity among patients with diabetes mellitus from Tehran, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 35722454 PMCID: PMC9201225 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_26_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Domingues PCA, Oliveira VDC, Bim FL, Aires CP, Santos APD, Castro DTD, Silva-Lovato CH, Andrade DD, Watanabe E. Influence of glucose supplementation on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105339. [PMID: 34920154 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of different glucose concentration on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. METHODS The study was divided into two stages: (I) selection and identification of 48 C. albicans and C. glabrata strains by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR/RFLP); (II) evaluation of biofilm formation by means of viability rates (colony-forming units), biofilm dry matter (mg) and biofilm-covered areas (μm2). Statistical comparisons were performed through nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments with pairwise comparisons using Friedman Conover's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS All the Candida spp. had their identifications confirmed by PCR/RFLP. C. albicans biofilm of strains from diabetic individuals cultivated in different glucose concentration showed higher viability rates than strains from non-diabetic individuals. No difference was observed on viability of C. glabrata biofilm. Regarding biofilm dry matter, C. albicans biofilm of strains from diabetic individuals cultivated in different glucose concentration showed lower amount in weight than strains from non-diabetic individuals. In C. glabrata strains, this result was only observed in biofilms cultivated with no glucose supplementation. With regard to biofilm-covered areas, only glucose supplementation and non-diabetic condition showed a positive effect on C. albicans biofilm development, and no condition affected C. glabrata biofilm formation. CONCLUSION The strain type (C. albicans and C. glabrata) isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals influenced on biofilm formation, but glucose supplementation did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castania Amadio Domingues
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Cássia Oliveira
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lazarini Bim
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - André Pereira Dos Santos
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Denise Tornavoi de Castro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry of Uberaba, Nenê Sabino Avenue 1801, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38055-500, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Denise de Andrade
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network - HEID, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-902, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil.
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Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Microbial interactions and immunity response in oral Candida species. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1653-1677. [PMID: 33251818 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis are among the most common noncommunicable diseases, related with serious local and systemic illnesses. Although these infections can occur in all kinds of patients, they are more recurrent in immunosuppressed ones such as patients with HIV, hepatitis, cancer or under long antimicrobial treatments. Candida albicans continues to be the most frequently identified Candida spp. in these disorders, but other non-C. albicans Candida are rising. Understanding the immune responses involved in oral Candida spp. infections is a key feature to a successful treatment and to the design of novel therapies. In this review, we performed a literature search in PubMed and WoS, in order to examine and analyze common oral Candida spp.-bacteria/Candida-Candida interactions and the host immunity response in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology & Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology & Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
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Al-Mahmood A, Al-Sharifi E. Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis Disease Among Adults Attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital/ Iraq. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:384-388. [PMID: 32634085 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200707114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea pedis is one of the most common skin infections of interdigital toe webspace as well as feet skin and may affect the nail or the hand. It is caused by dermophytes fungi especially Trichophyton species. Direct contact with a contaminated environment or animal is the main mode of transmission. Tinea pedis is more frequent among adults than children and more among those with the previous infection with the disease, diabetes mellites, abnormally increased sweating, and the disease is common among individuals who wear unventilated (occlusive) footwear. Tinea pedis is 2-4 times more common in men than females. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of tinea pedis disease. METHODS Descriptive study was conducted on patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Tikrit, Iraq. The study was done during the period from 1st November 2018-10th June 2019. The sample included 680 persons. The cases were diagnosed clinically and by a direct microscope. The demographic information of patients was obtained according to certain questionnaire design. The study was done to reveal the epidemiology of tenia pedis disease among affected patients. RESULTS The frequency of tinea pedis cases among the study sample was 7% (48/ 680). It has been observed that there was no significant association as a result of the difference in gender, body weight, positive family history, history, presence of fungal skin disease, and presence of nail trauma. On the contrary, a significant association was observed as a result of the presence of the young age group, diabetes mellitus, and history of wearing occlusive shoes. CONCLUSION The frequency of tinea pedis disease among the study sample was 7%. There was a significant association between age group and the presence of diabetes mellitus disease and wearing occlusive shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehan Al-Sharifi
- Ibin Sina University Of Medical And Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basic Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
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Alsahhaf A, Al‐Aali KA, Alshagroud RS, Alshiddi IF, Alrahlah A, Abduljabbar T, Javed F, Vohra F. Comparison of yeast species in the subgingival oral biofilm of individuals with type 2 diabetes and peri‐implantitis and individuals with peri‐implantitis without diabetes. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1383-1389. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alsahhaf
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al‐Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental SciencesCollege of DentistryPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Saud Alshagroud
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem F. Alshiddi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental SciencesCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of PeriodontologyStony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Laboratory for Periodontal‐, Implant‐, Phototherapy (LA‐PIP)School of Dental MedicineStony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental ScienceCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral RehabilitationCollege of DentistryKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Matic Petrovic S, Radunovic M, Barac M, Kuzmanovic Pficer J, Pavlica D, Arsic Arsenijevic V, Pucar A. Subgingival areas as potential reservoirs of different Candida spp in type 2 diabetes patients and healthy subjects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210527. [PMID: 30629672 PMCID: PMC6328191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to compare the prevalence of different oral Candida spp. in patients with Type 2 Diabetes and chronic periodontitis in two oral sites: dorsal surface of the tongue and subgingival area. In order to determine subgingival areas as potential reservoirs of yeasts, this study aimed to find differences in the yeasts' detection between the dorsum of the tongue, as the oral site most commonly inhabited with microorganisms, and subgingival samples. Additionally, potential predictors for the yeasts prevalence were determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subjects (N = 146) were divided into four groups: group A- healthy individuals without periodontitis, group B- healthy individuals with chronic periodontitis, group C- Type 2 Diabetes patients with good glycoregulation and Chronic periodontitis and group D- Type 2 Diabetes patients with poor glycoregulation and Chronic periodontitis. Samples were obtained from the tongue by swabbing. Subgingival plaque samples were taken by paper points and periodontal curette. Isolation and identification of different Candida spp. was done using ChromAgar medium. In addition, germ-tube production and carbohydrate assimilation tests were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of Candida spp. was higher in diabetics with poor glycoregulation. The most frequently isolated species was Candida albicans followed by Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis. In 15.6% of cases, Candida spp. was present in the subgingival area while absent on the tongue. Multivariate regression model showed that HbA1c was Candida spp. predictor for both locations. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that there are Candida spp. carriers among subjects with clinically healthy oral mucosa. Also, this study identified subgingival areas as potential reservoirs of these pathogenic species. Glycoregulation has been recognized as a positive predictor factor of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Matic Petrovic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Radunovic
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (AP); (MR)
| | - Milena Barac
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Pavlica
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Pucar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (AP); (MR)
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Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010076. [PMID: 30634716 PMCID: PMC6352194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, and Springer’s SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.
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Aitken-Saavedra J, Lund RG, González J, Huenchunao R, Perez-Vallespir I, Morales-Bozo I, Urzúa B, Tarquinio SC, Maturana-Ramírez A, Martos J, Fernandez-Ramires R, Molina-Berríos A. Diversity, frequency and antifungal resistance of Candida species in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:580-586. [PMID: 30045641 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1484154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine number, species of Candida and Candida resistance to antifungal therapy according to the metabolic control state and the associated salivary changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of non-stimulated saliva were collected from 52 patients with DM2. Salivary pH was measured and cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar and the values of CFU/ml were calculated. The species were presumptively identified using CHROMagar Candida® plates, and identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). C. albicans isolates were cultured on SGA tetracycline agar with nystatin and fluconazole diffusion disks to measure susceptibility. RESULTS Sixty six percent of the yeasts isolated were Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata (20.7%). In patients with decompensated DM2, there was an inverse association between HbA1c value and salivary pH. At higher levels of salivary acidification, a greater diversity and quantity of yeasts of the genus Candida were observed. With nystatin, higher inhibition was observed at lower pH. CONCLUSIONS The antifungal therapies could be more effective if it consider, qualitative salivary characteristics as pH, that could determine the susceptibility of species of Candida to at least to nystatin, which is the most used antifungal for treatment to oral candidiasis in patients with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aitken-Saavedra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael G. Lund
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jaime González
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Huenchunao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ilia Perez-Vallespir
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irene Morales-Bozo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Blanca Urzúa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrea Maturana-Ramírez
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Martos
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandez-Ramires
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina-Berríos
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tomooka K, Saito I, Furukawa S, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Iso H, Tanigawa T. Yellow Tongue Coating is Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Among Japanese Non-smoking Men and Women: The Toon Health Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:287-291. [PMID: 29311441 PMCID: PMC5976872 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20160169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow tongue coating is one of the clinical signs for diabetes mellitus according to traditional East Asian medicine. Few reports have been available on the association between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the general population. We examined that association among population samples of non-smoking men and women. METHODS The study subjects were Japanese non-smoking men (n = 315) and women (n = 654) aged 30-79 years who resided in Toon city and participated in the Toon Health Study from July 2011 through November 2014. Tongue coating was assessed by a nationally licensed acupuncturist and classified into three categories of white (normal), light yellow, and yellow. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the presence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. The associations between yellow tongue coating and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking status, and physical activity. RESULTS The multivariable odds ratios of diabetes mellitus were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.67) for light yellow tongue coating and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16-4.30) for yellow tongue coating compared with white tongue coating. The respective multivariable odds ratios of prediabetes were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.80-1.61) and 1.43 (95% CI, 0.96-2.12). CONCLUSIONS Yellow tongue coating was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tended to be associated with that of prediabetes among Japanese non-smoking men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Tomooka
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Miranda TS, Feres M, Retamal-Valdés B, Perez-Chaparro PJ, Maciel SS, Duarte PM. Influence of glycemic control on the levels of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:82-89. [PMID: 28198980 PMCID: PMC5289404 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572016-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the influence of glycemic control on the levels and frequency of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and generalized chronic periodontitis (ChP). Material and Methods Fifty-six patients with generalized ChP and type 2 DM were assigned according to the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) into one of the following groups: HbA1c<8% (n=28) or HbA1c≥8% (n=28). Three subgingival biofilm samples from sites with probing depth (PD)<5 mm and three samples from sites with PD≥5 mm were analyzed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Eubacterium nodatum, Parvimona micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. and Prevotella intermedia. Results The mean counts of F. nucleatum ssp. were statistically significantly higher in the sites with PD≥5 mm of the HbA1c≥8% group (p<0.05). Frequencies of detection of T. forsythia, E. nodatum, P. micra and F. nucleatum ssp. were all higher in the sites with PD≥5 mm of the patients with HbA1c≥8%, compared with those of patients with HbA1c<8% (p<0.05). Frequency of detection of P. intermedia was higher in the sites with PD<5 mm of the patients with HbA1c≥8% than those of the patients with HbA1c<8% (p<0.05). Conclusions Poor glycemic control, as indicated by HbA1c≥8%, is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of subjects with type 2 DM and ChP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magda Feres
- Universidade Guarulhos, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdés
- Universidade Guarulhos, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Suellen Silva Maciel
- Universidade Guarulhos, Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Guarulhos, SP, Brasil
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Cocconcelli PS, Klein G, Prieto Maradona M, Querol A, Peixe L, Suarez JE, Sundh I, Vlak JM, Aguilera-Gómez M, Barizzone F, Brozzi R, Correia S, Heng L, Istace F, Lythgo C, Fernández Escámez PS. Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04664. [PMID: 32625421 PMCID: PMC7010101 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre-assessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status.
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Patel PN, Sah P, Chandrashekar C, Vidyasagar S, Venkata Rao J, Tiwari M, Radhakrishnan R. Oral candidal speciation, virulence and antifungal susceptibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 125:10-19. [PMID: 28131069 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the oral candidal carriage (OCC), activity of virulent factors and fluconazole susceptibility in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and investigate their association with HbA1c measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 100 diabetics and 100 healthy volunteers. The virulence was assessed by measuring the phospholipase activity and proteolysis index. Fluconazole susceptibility was performed using the gradient diffusion method. The OCC, virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility were correlated with patients' HbA1c measurements. RESULTS The OCC and candidal density carriage was significantly higher in diabetics. Candida albicans (C. albicans) was the most frequently isolated species followed by Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis). Relatively uncommon species, Candida lusitaniae (C. lusitaniae) and Candida lipolytica (C. lipolytica) were isolated from the diabetics. Prevalence of virulence factor, proteinase, was greater in diabetic group (p<0.05). Reduced fluconazole susceptibility was noted among the isolates from diabetics; however it was not statistically significant (p=0.593). Except one, all the susceptible-dose dependent and resistant isolates were Candida no-albicans (C. non-albicans). CONCLUSION C. albicans remains the predominant pathogen in diabetics, although other species are on the rise. Compared to control group, the isolated species from T2DM group had higher proteinase activity. Resistance to fluconazole was considerably greater among the C. non-albicans isolates from T2DM group. These findings warrant effective treatment modalities to reduce the occurrence of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik N Patel
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Parul Sah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetana Chandrashekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Vidyasagar
- Department of Medicine, KMC, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - J Venkata Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Microbiology, MCOPS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Mradul Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Microbiology, MCOPS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India.
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O'Donnell LE, Millhouse E, Sherry L, Kean R, Malcolm J, Nile CJ, Ramage G. PolymicrobialCandidabiofilms: friends and foe in the oral cavity. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov077. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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MATIĆ PETROVIĆ S, CIMBALJEVIĆ M, RADUNOVIĆ M, KUZMANOVIĆ PFIĆER J, JOTIĆ A, PUCAR A. Detection and sampling methods for isolation of Candidaspp. from oral cavities in diabetics and non-diabetics. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100272. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Importance of Diversity in the Oral Microbiota including Candida Species Revealed by High-Throughput Technologies. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:454391. [PMID: 24864144 PMCID: PMC4016938 DOI: 10.1155/2014/454391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of high-throughput technologies, deep sequencing of the human microbiome has revealed commensal bacteria independent of the ability to culture them. The composition of the commensal microbiome is dependent on bacterial diversity and the state of the host regulated by the immune system. Candida species are well known as components of the commensal oral microbiota. Candida species frequently colonize and develop biofilms on medical devices like dentures and catheters. Therefore, Candida biofilm on dentures leads to a decrease in the bacterial diversity and then to a change in the composition of the oral microbiota. A disturbance in the balance between commensal bacteria and the host immune system results in a switch from a healthy state to a diseased state even in the limited oral niche.
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