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Bueno JM, Martínez-Ojeda RM, Pérez-Zabalza M, García-Mendívil L, Asensio MC, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Analysis of age-related changes in the left ventricular myocardium with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3251-3264. [PMID: 38855691 PMCID: PMC11161339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces cardiac remodeling, resulting in an increase in the risk of suffering heart diseases, including heart failure. Collagen deposition increases with age and, together with sarcomeric changes in cardiomyocytes, may lead to ventricular stiffness. Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a useful technique to visualize and detect variations in cardiac structures in a label free fashion. Here, we propose a method based on MP imaging (both two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) modalities) to explore and objectively quantify age-related structural differences in various components of cardiac tissues. Results in transmural porcine left ventricle (LV) sections reveal significant differences when comparing samples from young and old animals. Collagen and myosin SHG signals in old specimens are respectively 3.8x and >6-fold larger than in young ones. Differences in TPEF signals from cardiomyocyte were ∼3x. Moreover, the increased amount of collagen in old specimens results in a more organized pattern when compared to young LV tissues. Since changes in collagen and myosin are associated with cardiac dysfunction, the technique used herein might be a useful tool to accurately predict and measure changes associated with age-related myocardium fibrosis, tissue remodeling and sarcomeric alterations, with potential implications in preventing heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Zabalza
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa (CUD), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Asensio
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ordovás
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Gant KL, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. A Perspective Review: Analyzing Collagen Alterations in Ovarian Cancer by High-Resolution Optical Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1560. [PMID: 38672642 PMCID: PMC11048585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant subtype of ovarian cancer (OC), occurring in more than 80% of patients diagnosed with this malignancy. Histological and genetic analysis have confirmed the secretory epithelial of the fallopian tube (FT) as a major site of origin of HGSOC. Although there have been significant strides in our understanding of this disease, early stage detection and diagnosis are still rare. Current clinical imaging modalities lack the ability to detect early stage pathogenesis in the fallopian tubes and the ovaries. However, there are several microscopic imaging techniques used to analyze the structural modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen in ex vivo FT and ovarian tissues that potentially can be modified to fit the clinical setting. In this perspective, we evaluate and compare the myriad of optical tools available to visualize these alterations and the invaluable insights these data provide on HGSOC initiation. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings and how these data may help novel tools for early diagnosis of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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3
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Guimarães P, Morgado M, Batista A. On the quantitative analysis of lamellar collagen arrangement with second-harmonic generation imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2666-2680. [PMID: 38633085 PMCID: PMC11019681 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) allows for the examination of collagen structure in collagenous tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein found in abundance in the human body, present in bones, cartilage, the skin, and the cornea, among other areas, providing structure, support, and strength. Its structural arrangement is deeply intertwined with its function. For instance, in the cornea, alterations in collagen organization can result in severe visual impairments. Using SHG imaging, various metrics have demonstrated the potential to study collagen organization. The discrimination between healthy, keratoconus, and crosslinked corneas, assessment of injured tendons, or the characterization of breast and ovarian tumorous tissue have been demonstrated. Nevertheless, these metrics have not yet been objectively evaluated or compared. A total of five metrics were identified and implemented from the literature, and an additional approach adapted from texture analysis was proposed. In this study, we analyzed their effectiveness on a ground-truth set of artificially generated fibrous images. Our investigation provides the first comprehensive assessment of the performance of multiple metrics, identifying both the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and providing valuable insights for future applications of SHG imaging in medical diagnostics and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guimarães
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Morgado
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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5
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Obaid G, Eroy M, Zhao J, Bano S, Mino-Kenudson M, Hasan T. Immunofluorescence profiling of collagen subtypes is a predictor of treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112811. [PMID: 38000171 PMCID: PMC10841621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Desmoplasia in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by elevated levels of tumor collagen. Desmoplasia restricts drug delivery in PDAC, contributes to treatment resistance, and is associated with poor survival outcomes. We have previously shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based treatment remediates desmoplasia in orthotopic PDAC tumors by reducing second harmonic generation signals from collagen by >90% and by reducing collagen alignment by >103-fold [19]. Remediating desmoplasia correlated with improved survival outcomes in mice. To understand this phenomenon at a fundamental level, it is important to dissect the impact of therapy on collagen subtypes. In this study, we demonstrate that immunofluorescence profiling of collagen subtypes I, II, III and IV in PDAC tumors 72 h following multiple treatment regimens is predictive of long-term outcomes. Treatment regimens include nanoliposomal irinotecan chemotherapy (nal-IRI; akin to ONIVYDE™), a combination of nal-IRI chemotherapy with PDT encapsulated in a single photoactivable multi-inhibitor liposome (PMIL) and an EGFR-targeted PMIL construct (TPMIL). Results show that the relative tumor content of collagen I, II and III was inversely correlated with overall survival (P ≤ 0.0013, P ≤ 0.0001, P ≤ 0.0011, respectively), while, surprisingly, the relative tumor content of collagen IV was directly correlated with overall survival (P ≤ 0.0001). Similar relationships were observed between the relative tumor content of collagen subtypes and the residual tumor volume at day 88 following treatment. Considering that the relationship between collagen subtypes and treatment outcomes is observed across multiple treatment regimens, immunofluorescence profiling at 72 h following treatment appears to be predictive of tumor growth inhibition and survival in PDAC. Early immunofluorescence collagen subtype profiling may therefore aid in treatment personalization and may inform the dosimetry and scheduling of combination regimens for PDAC, such as chemotherapy and emerging PDT-based combinations, to maximize patient survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Menitte Eroy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jie Zhao
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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6
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Kafili G, Kabir H, Jalali Kandeloos A, Golafshan E, Ghasemi S, Mashayekhan S, Taebnia N. Recent advances in soluble decellularized extracellular matrix for heart tissue engineering and organ modeling. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:577-604. [PMID: 38006224 PMCID: PMC10676626 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231207216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advent of tissue engineering (TE) for the remodeling, restoring, and replacing damaged cardiovascular tissues, the progress is hindered by the optimal mechanical and chemical properties required to induce cardiac tissue-specific cellular behaviors including migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of numerous structural and functional molecules and tissue-specific cells, therefore it plays an important role in stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation, guiding cell migration, and activating regulatory signaling pathways. With the improvement and modification of cell removal methods, decellularized ECM (dECM) preserves biochemical complexity, and bio-inductive properties of the native matrix and improves the process of generating functional tissue. In this review, we first provide an overview of the latest advancements in the utilization of dECM in in vitro model systems for disease and tissue modeling, as well as drug screening. Then, we explore the role of dECM-based biomaterials in cardiovascular regenerative medicine (RM), including both invasive and non-invasive methods. In the next step, we elucidate the engineering and material considerations in the preparation of dECM-based biomaterials, namely various decellularization techniques, dECM sources, modulation, characterizations, and fabrication approaches. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future directions in fabrication of dECM-based biomaterials for cardiovascular modeling, RM, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kafili
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Kabir
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Elham Golafshan
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Jeon H, Harvey M, Cisek R, Bennett E, Tokarz D. Characterization of pathological stomach tissue using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5376-5391. [PMID: 37854565 PMCID: PMC10581783 DOI: 10.1364/boe.500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in collagen ultrastructure between human gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric tissue were investigated using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (PSHG) microscopy. Cylindrical and trigonal symmetries were assumed to extract quantitative PSHG parameters, ρ, κ and S, from each image pixel. Statistically significant variations in these values were observed for gastric adenocarcinoma, indicating a higher disorder of collagen. Numerical focal volume simulations of crossing fibrils indicate increased S parameter is due to more intersecting collagen fibrils of varying diameters. These parameters were also able to distinguish between different grades of gastric adenocarcinoma indicating that PSHG may be useful for automated cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - MacAulay Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Elisha Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
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8
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Saini K, Cho S, Tewari M, Jalil AR, Wang M, Kasznel AJ, Yamamoto K, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Pan-tissue scaling of stiffness versus fibrillar collagen reflects contractility-driven strain that inhibits fibril degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559759. [PMID: 37808742 PMCID: PMC10557712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer network properties such as stiffness often exhibit characteristic power laws in polymer density and other parameters. However, it remains unclear whether diverse animal tissues, composed of many distinct polymers, exhibit such scaling. Here, we examined many diverse tissues from adult mouse and embryonic chick to determine if stiffness ( E tissue ) follows a power law in relation to the most abundant animal protein, Collagen-I, even with molecular perturbations. We quantified fibrillar collagen in intact tissue by second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and from tissue extracts by mass spectrometry (MS), and collagenase-mediated decreases were also tracked. Pan-tissue power laws for tissue stiffness versus Collagen-I levels measured by SHG or MS exhibit sub-linear scaling that aligns with results from cellularized gels of Collagen-I but not acellular gels. Inhibition of cellular myosin-II based contraction fits the scaling, and combination with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) show collagenase activity is strain - not stress- suppressed in tissues, consistent with past studies of gels and fibrils. Beating embryonic hearts and tendons, which differ in both collagen levels and stiffness by >1000-fold, similarly suppressed collagenases at physiological strains of ∼5%, with fiber-orientation regulating degradation. Scaling of E tissue based on 'use-it-or-lose-it' kinetics provides insight into scaling of organ size, microgravity effects, and regeneration processes while suggesting contractility-driven therapeutics.
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9
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Murray G, Field J, Xiu M, Farah Y, Wang L, Pinaud O, Bartels R. Aberration free synthetic aperture second harmonic generation holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32434-32457. [PMID: 37859047 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a valuable tool for optical microscopy. SHG microscopy is normally performed as a point scanning imaging method, which lacks phase information and is limited in spatial resolution by the spatial frequency support of the illumination optics. In addition, aberrations in the illumination are difficult to remove. We propose and demonstrate SHG holographic synthetic aperture holographic imaging in both the forward (transmission) and backward (epi) imaging geometries. By taking a set of holograms with varying incident angle plane wave illumination, the spatial frequency support is increased and the input and output pupil phase aberrations are estimated and corrected - producing diffraction limited SHG imaging that combines the spatial frequency support of the input and output optics. The phase correction algorithm is computationally efficient and robust and can be applied to any set of measured field imaging data.
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10
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Tits A, Blouin S, Rummler M, Kaux JF, Drion P, van Lenthe GH, Weinkamer R, Hartmann MA, Ruffoni D. Structural and functional heterogeneity of mineralized fibrocartilage at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:409-418. [PMID: 37088163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A demanding task of the musculoskeletal system is the attachment of tendon to bone at entheses. This region often presents a thin layer of fibrocartilage (FC), mineralized close to the bone and unmineralized close to the tendon. Mineralized FC deserves increased attention, owing to its crucial anchoring task and involvement in enthesis pathologies. Here, we analyzed mineralized FC and subchondral bone at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion of rats. This location features enthesis FC anchoring tendon to bone and sustaining tensile loads, and periosteal FC facilitating bone-tendon sliding with accompanying compressive and shear forces. Using a correlative multimodal investigation, we evaluated potential specificities in mineral content, fiber organization and mechanical properties of enthesis and periosteal FC. Both tissues had a lower degree of mineralization than subchondral bone, yet used the available mineral very efficiently: for the same local mineral content, they had higher stiffness and hardness than bone. We found that enthesis FC was characterized by highly aligned mineralized collagen fibers even far away from the attachment region, whereas periosteal FC had a rich variety of fiber arrangements. Except for an initial steep spatial gradient between unmineralized and mineralized FC, local mechanical properties were surprisingly uniform inside enthesis FC while a modulation in stiffness, independent from mineral content, was observed in periosteal FC. We interpreted these different structure-property relationships as a demonstration of the high versatility of FC, providing high strength at the insertion (to resist tensile loading) and a gradual compliance at the periosteal surface (to resist contact stresses). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mineralized fibrocartilage (FC) at entheses facilitates the integration of tendon in bone, two strongly dissimilar tissues. We focus on the structure-function relationships of two types of mineralized FC, enthesis and periosteal, which have clearly distinct mechanical demands. By investigating them with multiple high-resolution methods in a correlative manner, we demonstrate differences in fiber architecture and mechanical properties between the two tissues, indicative of their mechanical roles. Our results are relevant both from a medical viewpoint, targeting a clinically relevant location, as well as from a material science perspective, identifying FC as high-performance versatile composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- Experimental Surgery unit, GIGA & Credec, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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11
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Batista A, Guimarães P, Domingues JP, Quadrado MJ, Morgado AM. Two-Photon Imaging for Non-Invasive Corneal Examination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9699. [PMID: 36560071 PMCID: PMC9783858 DOI: 10.3390/s22249699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon imaging (TPI) microscopy, namely, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modalities, has emerged in the past years as a powerful tool for the examination of biological tissues. These modalities rely on different contrast mechanisms and are often used simultaneously to provide complementary information on morphology, metabolism, and structural properties of the imaged tissue. The cornea, being a transparent tissue, rich in collagen and with several cellular layers, is well-suited to be imaged by TPI microscopy. In this review, we discuss the physical principles behind TPI as well as its instrumentation. We also provide an overview of the current advances in TPI instrumentation and image analysis. We describe how TPI can be leveraged to retrieve unique information on the cornea and to complement the information provided by current clinical devices. The present state of corneal TPI is outlined. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that must be overcome and offer perspectives and outlooks to make clinical TPI of the human cornea a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Guimarães
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Domingues
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Quadrado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Morgado
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Hilzenrat G, Gill ET, McArthur SL. Imaging approaches for monitoring three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100380. [PMID: 35357086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing demand for more complex, reproducible and physiologically relevant tissue cultures that can mimic the structural and biological features of living tissues. Monitoring the viability, development and responses of such tissues in real-time are challenging due to the complexities of cell culture physical characteristics and the environments in which these cultures need to be maintained in. Significant developments in optics, such as optical manipulation, improved detection and data analysis, have made optical imaging a preferred choice for many three-dimensional (3D) cell culture monitoring applications. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges associated with imaging and monitoring 3D tissues and cell culture, and highlight topical label-free imaging tools that enable bioengineers and biophysicists to non-invasively characterise engineered living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma T Gill
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Assessment of Ultra-Early-Stage Liver Fibrosis in Human Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063357. [PMID: 35328778 PMCID: PMC8949080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the chronic progression of fibrosis. In general, the progression of liver fibrosis is determined by a histopathological assessment with a collagen-stained section; however, the ultra-early stage of liver fibrosis is challenging to identify because of the low sensitivity in the collagen-selective staining method. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy in the histopathological diagnosis of the liver of NAFLD patients for the quantitative assessment of the ultra-early stage of fibrosis. We investigated four representative NAFLD patients with early stages of fibrosis. SHG microscopy visualised well-matured fibrotic structures and early fibrosis diffusely involving liver tissues, whereas early fibrosis is challenging to be identified by conventional histopathological methods. Furthermore, the SHG emission directionality analysis revealed the maturation of each collagen fibre of each patient. As a result, SHG microscopy is feasible for assessing liver fibrosis on NAFLD patients, including the ultra-early stage of liver fibrosis that is difficult to diagnose by the conventional histopathological method. The assessment method of the ultra-early fibrosis by using SHG microscopy may serve as a crucial means for pathological, clinical, and prognostic diagnosis of NAFLD patients.
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14
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Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging Reveals Changes in Breast Tumor Collagen Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040857. [PMID: 35205605 PMCID: PMC8869853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women, with most deaths attributed to metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may be prescribed prior to surgical removal of the tumor for subsets of breast cancer patients but can have diverse undesired and off-target effects, including the increased appearance of the 'tumor microenvironment of metastasis', image-based multicellular signatures that are prognostic of breast tumor metastasis. To assess whether NACT can induce changes in two other image-based prognostic/predictive signatures derived from tumor collagen, we quantified second-harmonic generation (SHG) directionality and fiber alignment in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of core needle biopsies and primary tumor excisions from 22 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing (HER2+) and 22 triple-negative breast cancers. In both subtypes, we found that SHG directionality (i.e., the forward-to-backward scattering ratio, or F/B) is increased by NACT in the bulk of the tumor, but not the adjacent tumor-stroma interface. Overall collagen fiber alignment is increased by NACT in triple-negative but not HER2+ breast tumors. These results suggest that NACT impacts the collagenous extracellular matrix in a complex and subtype-specific manner, with some prognostic features being unchanged while others are altered in a manner suggestive of a more metastatic phenotype.
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15
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Wolf M, Toyouchi S, Walke P, Umemoto K, Masuhara A, Fukumura H, Takano Y, Yamada M, Hirai K, Fron E, Uji-I H. Li@C 60 thin films: characterization and nonlinear optical properties. RSC Adv 2021; 12:389-394. [PMID: 35424530 PMCID: PMC8978709 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic materials have attracted considerable attention in nonlinear optical (NLO) applications as they have several advantages over inorganic materials, including high NLO response, and fast response time as well as low-cost and easy fabrication. Lithium-containing C60 (Li@C60) is promising for NLO over other organic materials because of its strong NLO response proven by theoretical and experimental studies. However, the low purity of Li@C60 has been a bottleneck for applications in the fields of solar cells, electronics and optics. In 2010, highly purified Li@C60 was finally obtained, encouraging further studies. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method to fabricate thin films of Li@C60 and their strong NLO potential for high harmonic generation by showing its comparatively strong emission of degenerate-six-wave mixing, a fifth-order NLO effect. A facile way is shown to obtain thin films of Li@C60 as well as their characterization and nonlinear optical properties. Our results suggest Li@C60 to be a suitable candidate for high-harmonic generation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wolf
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Shuichi Toyouchi
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Peter Walke
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kazuki Umemoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Akito Masuhara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- RIES, Hokkaido University N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1 Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- RIES, Hokkaido University N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo Japan
| | - Eduard Fron
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium .,RIES, Hokkaido University N20W10, Kita-Ward Sapporo Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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16
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Jambor AN, Shelton EM, Kijowski R, Henak CR, Campagnola PJ. Assessing collagen alterations in enzymatic degradation models of osteoarthritis via second harmonic generation microscopy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1590-1599. [PMID: 34454101 PMCID: PMC8542598 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structural changes in the collagen II architecture of osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood, which is a large shortcoming in the early diagnosis of this disease. Though degradation can be simulated by enzymes including trypsin and bacterial collagenase, the specific structural features of each digestion and their relationship to naturally occurring OA remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used collagen sensitive/specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy in conjunction with optical scattering measurements to probe the resulting architecture changes in bovine knee cartilage upon trypsin and collagenase degradation. Image features extracted from SHG images were used to train a linear discriminant (LD) model capable of classifying enzymatic degradation, which was then applied to human cartilage with varied modified Mankin histological scores. RESULTS The treatment of cartilage with these enzymes resulted in more disorganized collagen structure, where this effect was greatest with collagenase treatment. Using the LD model, we classified the control and degraded tissues in the three zones with >92% accuracy, showing that these enzymes have distinct activity on the collagen assembly. Application of the LD model to human cartilage indicated that collagenase effects were more representative of in vivo degeneration and were also consistent with damage beginning at the articular surface and progressing into deeper zones. CONCLUSIONS SHG and optical scattering measurements successfully delineate trypsin and collagenase degradation and suggest that collagen alterations in human OA are better simulated by the latter mechanism. These results lay the groundwork for using high-resolution SHG and optical scattering as an earlier diagnostic tool than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Jambor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily M. Shelton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, 600 Highland Ave, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne R. Henak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA,,
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17
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Gant KL, Jambor AN, Li Z, Rentchler EC, Weisman P, Li L, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. Evaluation of Collagen Alterations in Early Precursor Lesions of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112794. [PMID: 34199725 PMCID: PMC8200041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The collagen architecture in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly remodeled in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Many of these tumors begin in the fallopian tubes (FT) before metastasizing to the ovaries and it is important to study ECM alterations in carcinogenesis. Here, we used Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy to classify changes in the collagen fiber morphology in normal FT, and precursor pure p53 signatures and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STICs) in tissues with no HGSOC. Using a machine learning approach based on image features, we were able to discriminate the tissue groups with good classification accuracy. We additionally performed mass spectrometry analysis of normal and HGSOC tissues to associate the differential expression of collagen isoforms with fiber morphology alterations. This work provides new insights into ECM remodeling in early stage HGSOC and suggests the combined use of SHG microscopy and mass spectrometry as a new diagnostic/prognostic approach. Abstract Background: The collagen architecture in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is highly remodeled compared to the normal ovary and the fallopian tubes (FT). We previously used Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy and machine learning to classify the changes in collagen fiber morphology occurring in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions that are concurrent with HGSOC. We now extend these studies to examine collagen remodeling in pure p53 signatures, STICs and normal regions in tissues that have no concurrent HGSOC. This is an important distinction as high-grade disease can result in distant collagen changes through a field effect mechanism. Methods: We trained a linear discriminant model based on SHG texture and image features as a classifier to discriminate the tissue groups. We additionally performed mass spectrometry analysis of normal and HGSOC tissues to associate the differential expression of collagen isoforms with collagen fiber morphology alterations. Results: We quantified the differences in the collagen architecture between normal tissue and the precursors with good classification accuracy. Through proteomic analysis, we identified the downregulation of single α-chains including those for Col I and III, where these results are consistent with our previous SHG-based supramolecular analyses. Conclusion: This work provides new insights into ECM remodeling in early ovarian cancer and suggests the combined use of SHG microscopy and mass spectrometry as a new diagnostic/prognostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Alexander N. Jambor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Eric C. Rentchler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
| | - Paul Weisman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Z.L.); (L.L.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (P.J.C.)
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.N.J.); (E.C.R.)
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (P.J.C.)
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18
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James DS, Brereton CJ, Davies DE, Jones MG, Campagnola PJ. Examining lysyl oxidase-like modulation of collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210062R. [PMID: 34145800 PMCID: PMC8212879 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients have a poor prognosis with short lifespan following diagnosis as there are limited effective treatment options. Despite matrix stiffening being the hallmark of the disease there remains a lack of knowledge surrounding the underlying collagen alterations in the disease. Specifically, while increased collagen crosslinking has been implicated, the resulting effects on collagen macro/supramolecular changes have not been explored. AIM We sought to determine if second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy could characterize differences in the collagen architecture in 3D spheroid models of IPF grown under different crosslinking modulation conditions (promotion and inhibition). APPROACH We used SHG metrics based on the fiber morphology, relative SHG brightness, and macro/supramolecular structure by SHG polarization analyses to compare the structure of the IPF spheroids. RESULTS Comparison of the fiber morphology of the spheroids showed that the control group had the longest, straightest, and thickest fibers. The spheroids with crosslink enhancement and inhibition had the highest and lowest SHG conversion efficiencies, respectively, consistent with the resulting harmonophore density. SHG polarization analyses showed that the peptide pitch angle, alignment of collagen molecules, and overall chirality were altered upon crosslink modulation and were also consistent with reduced organization relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS While no single SHG signature is associated with crosslinking, we show that the suite of metrics used here is effective in delineating alterations across the collagen architecture sizescales. The results largely mirror those of human tissues and demonstrate that the combination of 3D spheroid models and SHG analysis is a powerful approach for hypothesis testing the roles of operative cellular and molecular factors in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. Jones
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University Hospital Southampton, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
- University of Southampton, Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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19
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Johnson PB, Karvounis A, Singh HJ, Brereton CJ, Bourdakos KN, Lunn K, Roberts JJW, Davies DE, Muskens OL, Jones MG, Mahajan S. Superresolved polarization-enhanced second-harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture. OPTICA 2021; 8:674-685. [PMID: 34239949 PMCID: PMC8237832 DOI: 10.1364/optica.411325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Superresolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit; however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Nonlinear label-free techniques such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve SR-SHG. A resolution of ∼ λ / 6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, that is, a ∼ 2.3 -fold improvement over conventional or diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions is achieved. Crucially we find that the polarization properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ. This is observed in experiment and simulations. This may have widespread implications to increase sensitivity by detection of polarization-resolved SHG by observing anisotropy in signals. These new, to the best of our knowledge, findings allowed us to visualize biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to nondestructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Artemios Karvounis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H. Johnson Singh
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Bourdakos
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kerry Lunn
- Synairgen Research Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | | | - Donna E. Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Otto L. Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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20
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Singh B, Sims H, Trueheart I, Simpson K, Wang KC, Patzkowsky K, Wegman T, Soma JM, Dixon R, Jayes F, Voegltine K, Yenokyan G, Su SC, Leppert P, Segars JH. A Phase I Clinical Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of Injectable Collagenase in Women with Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2699-2709. [PMID: 33914296 PMCID: PMC8346429 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids feature excessive deposition of types I and III collagen. Previous ex vivo studies showed an FDA-approved collagenase (EN3835)-digested types I and III collagen fibers in fibroid tissues; however, collagenase had not been evaluated in vivo for effects on uterine fibroids. The objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of collagenase injection directly into uterine fibroids. This was a prospective, open label, dose escalation study. The study participants were fifteen women aged 35-50 years with symptomatic uterine fibroids planning to undergo hysterectomy. Three subjects received saline and methylene blue, three subjects received a fixed dose of EN3835, and 9 subjects received stepped, increasing dosages of EN3835, all by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided injections. Primary outcome measures were safety and tolerability of the injection and change in collagen content between treated and control tissues. There were no significant adverse events following injection of EN3835 into uterine fibroids. Masson's trichrome stains revealed a 39% reduction in collagen content in treated samples compared to controls (p <0.05). Second harmonic generation (SHG) analysis showed treated samples to have a 21% reduction in density of collagen compared to controls. Picrosirius-stained collagenase-treated fibroids showed collagen fibers to be shorter and less dense compared to controls. Subjects reported a decrease in fibroid-related pain on the McGill Pain Questionnaire after study drug injection in Group 2 at both 4-8 days and 60-90 days post-injection. The findings indicated that injection of collagenase was safe and well tolerated. These results support further clinical investigation of collagenase as a minimally invasive treatment of uterine fibroids. NCT0289848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuchitra Singh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 624, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Holly Sims
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 624, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Irene Trueheart
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 624, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Khara Simpson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeons, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen C Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeons, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Patzkowsky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeons, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Wegman
- BioSpecifics Technologies Corporation, Lynbrook, NY, USA
| | | | - Rosina Dixon
- BioSpecifics Technologies Corporation, Lynbrook, NY, USA
| | - Friederike Jayes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristin Voegltine
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Data Management Core, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Biostatistics Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Szu-Chi Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 624, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Phyllis Leppert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James H Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building, Room 624, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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21
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James DS, Campagnola PJ. Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:3973857. [PMID: 37849910 PMCID: PMC10521653 DOI: 10.34133/2021/3973857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological tissues. Although SHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms, the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton microscope. In this review, we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of SHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural information. We provide an overview of recent advances showing how SHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers, fibroses, and the cornea, as well as in tissue engineering applications. Specific examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are highlighted. Similarly, we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index, which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue assemblies. Lastly, we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of SHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions, especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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22
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Roman B, Kumar SA, Allen SC, Delgado M, Moncayo S, Reyes AM, Suggs LJ, Chintalapalle R, Li C, Joddar B. A Model for Studying the Biomechanical Effects of Varying Ratios of Collagen Types I and III on Cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 12:311-324. [PMID: 33432515 PMCID: PMC8972084 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel model composed solely of Col I and Col III with the lower and upper limits set to include the ratios of Col I and Col III at 3:1 and 9:1 in which the structural and mechanical behavior of the resident CM can be studied. Further, the progression of fibrosis due to change in ratios of Col I:Col III was tested. METHODS Collagen gels with varying Col I:Col III ratios to represent a healthy (3:1) and diseased myocardial tissue were prepared by manually casting them in wells. Absorbance assay was performed to confirm the gelation of the gels. Rheometric analysis was performed on each of the collagen gels prepared to determine the varying stiffnesses and rheological parameters of the gels made with varying ratios of Col I:Col III. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) was performed to observe the 3D characterization of the collagen samples. Scanning Electron microscopy was used for acquiring cross sectional images of the lyophilized collagen gels. AC16 CM (human) cell lines were cultured in the prepared gels to study cell morphology and behavior as a result of the varying collagen ratios. Cellular proliferation was studied by performing a Cell Trace Violet Assay and the applied force on each cell was measured by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on CM from each sample. RESULTS Second harmonic generation microscopy used to image Col I, displayed a decrease in acquired image intensity with an increase in the non-second harmonic Col III in 3:1 gels. SEM showed a fiber-rich structure in the 3:1 gels with well-distributed pores unlike the 9:1 gels or the 1:0 controls. Rheological analysis showed a decrease in substrate stiffness with an increase of Col III, in comparison with other cases. CM cultured within 3:1 gels exhibited an elongated rod-like morphology with an average end-to-end length of 86 ± 28.8 µm characteristic of healthy CM, accompanied by higher cell growth in comparison with other cases. Finite element analysis used to estimate the forces exerted on CM cultured in the 3:1 gels, showed that the forces were well dispersed, and not concentrated within the center of cells, in comparison with other cases. CONCLUSION This study model can be adopted to simulate various biomechanical environments in which cells crosstalk with the Collagen-matrix in diseased pathologies to generate insights on strategies for prevention of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Roman
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Shane C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Monica Delgado
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Sabastian Moncayo
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Andres M Reyes
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ramana Chintalapalle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), El Paso, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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23
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Desa DE, Strawderman RL, Wu W, Hill RL, Smid M, Martens JWM, Turner BM, Brown EB. Intratumoral heterogeneity of second-harmonic generation scattering from tumor collagen and its effects on metastatic risk prediction. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1217. [PMID: 33302909 PMCID: PMC7731482 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastases are the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths. The tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression and metastatic ability. Fibrillar collagen, a major extracellular matrix component, can be studied using the light scattering phenomenon known as second-harmonic generation (SHG). The ratio of forward- to backward-scattered SHG photons (F/B) is sensitive to collagen fiber internal structure and has been shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of metastasis-free survival time (MFS). Here we assess the effects of heterogeneity in the tumor matrix on the possible use of F/B as a prognostic tool. Methods SHG imaging was performed on sectioned primary tumor excisions from 95 untreated, estrogen receptor-positive, lymph node negative invasive ductal carcinoma patients. We identified two distinct regions whose collagen displayed different average F/B values, indicative of spatial heterogeneity: the cellular tumor bulk and surrounding tumor-stroma interface. To evaluate the impact of heterogeneity on F/B’s prognostic ability, we performed SHG imaging in the tumor bulk and tumor-stroma interface, calculated a 21-gene recurrence score (surrogate for OncotypeDX®, or S-ODX) for each patient and evaluated their combined prognostic ability. Results We found that F/B measured in tumor-stroma interface, but not tumor bulk, is prognostic of MFS using three methods to select pixels for analysis: an intensity threshold selected by a blinded observer, a histogram-based thresholding method, and an adaptive thresholding method. Using both regression trees and Random Survival Forests for MFS outcome, we obtained data-driven prediction rules that show F/B from tumor-stroma interface, but not tumor bulk, and S-ODX both contribute to predicting MFS in this patient cohort. We also separated patients into low-intermediate (S-ODX < 26) and high risk (S-ODX ≥26) groups. In the low-intermediate risk group, comprised of patients not typically recommended for adjuvant chemotherapy, we find that F/B from the tumor-stroma interface is prognostic of MFS and can identify a patient cohort with poor outcomes. Conclusions These data demonstrate that intratumoral heterogeneity in F/B values can play an important role in its possible use as a prognostic marker, and that F/B from tumor-stroma interface of primary tumor excisions may provide useful information to stratify patients by metastatic risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07713-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Desa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Robert L Strawderman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wencheng Wu
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward B Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
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24
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Bourgot I, Primac I, Louis T, Noël A, Maquoi E. Reciprocal Interplay Between Fibrillar Collagens and Collagen-Binding Integrins: Implications in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1488. [PMID: 33014790 PMCID: PMC7461916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex ecosystems composed of malignant cells embedded in an intricate microenvironment made of different non-transformed cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The tumor microenvironment is governed by constantly evolving cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, which are now recognized as key actors in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. The ECM is composed of a multitude of fibrous proteins, matricellular-associated proteins, and proteoglycans. This complex structure plays critical roles in cancer progression: it functions as the scaffold for tissues organization and provides biochemical and biomechanical signals that regulate key cancer hallmarks including cell growth, survival, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune response. Cells sense the biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM through specialized transmembrane receptors that include integrins, discoidin domain receptors, and syndecans. Advanced stages of several carcinomas are characterized by a desmoplastic reaction characterized by an extensive deposition of fibrillar collagens in the microenvironment. This compact network of fibrillar collagens promotes cancer progression and metastasis, and is associated with low survival rates for cancer patients. In this review, we highlight how fibrillar collagens and their corresponding integrin receptors are modulated during cancer progression. We describe how the deposition and alignment of collagen fibers influence the tumor microenvironment and how fibrillar collagen-binding integrins expressed by cancer and stromal cells critically contribute in cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Chen WC, Chen YJ, Lin ST, Hung WH, Chan MC, Wu IC, Wu MT, Kuo CT, Das S, Kao FJ, Zhuo GY. Label-free characterization of collagen fibers in cancerous esophagus tissues using ratiometric nonlinear optical microscopy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1213-1221. [PMID: 32536201 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220934039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The issue of classifying esophageal cancer at various developmental stages is crucial for determining the optimized treatment protocol for the patients, as well as the prognosis. Precision improvement in staging esophageal cancer keeps seeking quantitative and analytical imaging methods that could augment histopathological techniques. In this work, we used nonlinear optical microscopy for ratiometric analysis on the intrinsic signal of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) from single collagen fibers only in submucosa of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The blind tests of TPEF/SHG and forward (F)/backward (B) SHG were demonstrated to compare with the histology conclusion. The discussion of sensitivity and specificity was provided via statistical comparison between the four stages of esophageal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of using these two ratios in combination for staging ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lin
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Hung
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Chan
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Tong Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwans
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26
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Fuentes-Corona CG, Licea-Rodriguez J, Younger R, Rangel-Rojo R, Potma EO, Rocha-Mendoza I. Second harmonic generation signal from type I collagen fibers grown in vitro. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6449-6461. [PMID: 31853410 PMCID: PMC6913412 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the optical second-order nonlinearity of type I collagen fibers grown in vitro via second harmonic generation (SHG) experiments and analyze the observed polarization-resolved SHG signal using previously reported SHG analytical expressions obtained for anisotropic tissue. Our results indicate that the effective second-order nonlinearity measured in the grown fibers is one order of magnitude lower than that of native collagen fibers. This is attributed to the formation of loose and dispersive fibrillar networks of thinner collagen fibrils that constitute the reassembled collagen fibers. This is confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) imaging and the polarization dependence of the SHG signal. The measured values of the anisotropy parameter ρ of the reassembled collagen fibers are found to be similar to that obtained for native fibers on the relevant sub-µm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grethel Fuentes-Corona
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Jacob Licea-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, C.I.C.E.S.E., 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
| | - Rebecca Younger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raul Rangel-Rojo
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Departamento de Óptica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada B.C., Mexico
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27
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Rentchler EC, Gant KL, Drapkin R, Patankar M, J. Campagnola P. Imaging Collagen Alterations in STICs and High Grade Ovarian Cancers in the Fallopian Tubes by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111805. [PMID: 31744173 PMCID: PMC6896112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancers originate in the fallopian tubes, however, the corresponding structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) have not been well-characterized. This information could provide new insight into the carcinogenesis and provide the basis for new diagnostic tools. We have previously used the collagen-specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy to probe collagen fiber alterations in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and in other ovarian tumors, and showed they could be uniquely identified by machine learning approaches. Here we couple SHG imaging of serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinomas (STICs), high-grade cancers, and normal regions of the fallopian tubes, using three distinct image analysis approaches to form a classification scheme based on the respective collagen fiber morphology. Using a linear discriminant analysis, we achieved near 100% classification accuracy between high-grade disease and the other tissues, where the STICs and normal regions were differentiated with ~75% accuracy. Importantly, the collagen in high-grade disease in both the fallopian tube and the ovary itself have a similar collagen morphology, further substantiating the metastasis between these sites. This analysis provides a new method of classification, but also quantifies the structural changes in the disease, which may provide new insight into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Rentchler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Kristal L. Gant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.L.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Manish Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.L.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Correspondence:
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28
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James DS, Jambor AN, Chang HY, Alden Z, Tilbury KB, Sandbo NK, Campagnola PJ. Probing ECM remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via second harmonic generation microscopy analysis of macro/supramolecular collagen structure. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 25:1-13. [PMID: 31785093 PMCID: PMC7008503 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.1.014505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with poor prognosis with short lifespan following diagnosis as patients have limited effective treatment options. A fundamental limitation is a lack of knowledge of the underlying collagen alterations in the disease, as this could lead to better diagnostics, prognostics, and measures of treatment efficacy. While the fibroses is the primary presentation of the disease, the collagen architecture has not been well studied beyond standard histology. Here, we used several metrics based on second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and optical scattering measurements to characterize the subresolution collagen assembly in human IPF and normal lung tissues. Using SHG directional analysis, we found that while collagen synthesis is increased in IPF, the resulting average fibril architecture is more disordered than in normal tissue. Wavelength-dependent optical scattering measurements lead to the same conclusion, and both optical approaches are consistent with ultrastructural analysis. SHG circular dichroism revealed significant differences in the net chirality between the fibrotic and normal collagen, where the former has a more randomized helical structure. Collectively, the measurements reveal significant changes in the collagen macro/supramolecular structure in the abnormal fibrotic collagen, and we suggest these alterations can serve as biomarkers for IPF diagnosis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian S. James
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alexander N. Jambor
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zachary Alden
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Karissa B. Tilbury
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Nathan K. Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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29
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Pinsard M, Schmeltz M, van der Kolk J, Patten SA, Ibrahim H, Ramunno L, Schanne-Klein MC, Légaré F. Elimination of imaging artifacts in second harmonic generation microscopy using interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3938-3952. [PMID: 31452986 PMCID: PMC6701527 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conventional second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy might not clearly reveal the structure of complex samples if the interference between all scatterers in the focal volume results in artefactual patterns. We report here the use of interferometric second harmonic generation (I-SHG) microscopy to efficiently remove these artifacts from SHG images. Interfaces between two regions of opposite polarity are considered because they are known to produce imaging artifacts in muscle for instance. As a model system, such interfaces are first studied in periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN), where an artefactual incoherent SH signal is obtained because of irregularities at the interfaces, that overshadow the sought-after coherent contribution. Using I-SHG allows to remove the incoherent part completely without any spatial filtering. Second, I-SHG is also proven to resolve the double-band pattern expected in muscle where standard SHG exhibits in some regions artefactual single-band patterns. In addition to removing the artifacts at the interfaces between antiparallel domains in both structures (PPLN and muscle), I-SHG also increases their visibility by up to a factor of 5. This demonstrates that I-SHG is a powerful technique to image biological samples at enhanced contrast while suppressing artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Margaux Schmeltz
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jarno van der Kolk
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (ON), K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Heide Ibrahim
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lora Ramunno
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa (ON), K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications (INRS-EMT); 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes (QC), J3X 1S2, Canada
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30
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Desa DE, Bhanote M, Hill RL, Majeski JB, Buscaglia B, D’Aguiar M, Strawderman R, Hicks DG, Turner BM, Brown EB. Second-harmonic generation directionality is associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer core needle biopsies. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31456385 PMCID: PMC6983524 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.8.086503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is routinely administered to subsets of breast cancer patients, including triple negative (TN) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) cancers. After NACT and subsequent surgical resection, 5% to 30% of patients have no residual invasive carcinoma, termed pathological complete response. Unfortunately, many patients experience little-to-no response after NACT and unnecessarily suffer its side effects. Methods are needed to predict an individual patient’s response to NACT. Core needle biopsies, taken before NACT, consist of tumor cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix. We performed second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of fibrillar collagen in core needle biopsy sections as a possible predictor of response to NACT. The ratio of forward-to-backward scattering (F/B) SHG was assessed in the “tumor bulk” and “tumor–host interface” in HER2+ and TN core needle biopsy sections. Patient response was classified post-treatment using the Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score. In HER2+ biopsies, RCB class was associated with F/B derived from the tumor–stromal interface, but not tumor bulk. F/B was not associated with RCB class in TN biopsies. These findings suggest that F/B from needle biopsy sections may be a useful predictor of which patients will respond favorably to NACT, with the potential to help reduce overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Desa
- University of Rochester, Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Monisha Bhanote
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Robert L. Hill
- Harmonigenic Corporation, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Joseph B. Majeski
- University of Rochester, Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Brandon Buscaglia
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Marcus D’Aguiar
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Robert Strawderman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - David G. Hicks
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Bradley M. Turner
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Edward B. Brown
- University of Rochester, Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
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31
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Alizadeh M, Ghotbi M, Loza-Alvarez P, Merino D. Comparison of Different Polarization Sensitive Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Techniques. Methods Protoc 2019; 2:E49. [PMID: 31181703 PMCID: PMC6632172 DOI: 10.3390/mps2020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (pSHG) microscopy is an imaging technique able to provide, in a non-invasive manner, information related to the molecular structure of second harmonic generation (SHG) active structures, many of which are commonly found in biological tissue. The process of acquiring this information by means of pSHG microscopy requires a scan of the sample using different polarizations of the excitation beam. This process can take considerable time in comparison with the dynamics of in vivo processes. Fortunately, single scan polarization sensitive second harmonic generation (SS-pSHG) microscopy has also been reported, and is able to generate the same information at a faster speed compared to pSHG. In this paper, the orientation of second harmonic active supramolecular assemblies in starch granules is obtained on by means of pSHG and SS-pSHG. These results are compared in the forward and backward directions, showing a good agreement in both techniques. This paper shows for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge, data acquired using both techniques over the exact same sample and image plane, so that they can be compared pixel-to-pixel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Masood Ghotbi
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Merino
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
- UOC, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
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Campbell KR, Chaudhary R, Montano M, Iozzo RV, Bushman WA, Campagnola PJ. Second-harmonic generation microscopy analysis reveals proteoglycan decorin is necessary for proper collagen organization in prostate. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-8. [PMID: 31148435 PMCID: PMC6541798 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Collagen remodeling occurs in many prostate pathologies; however, the underlying structural architecture in both normal and diseased prostatic tissues is largely unexplored. Here, we use second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to specifically probe the role of the proteoglycan decorin (Dcn) on collagen assembly in a wild type (wt) and Dcn null mouse (Dcn - / - ). Dcn is required for proper organization of collagen fibrils as it regulates size by forming an arch-like structure at the end of the fibril. We have utilized SHG metrics based on emission directionality (forward-backward ratio) and relative conversion efficiency, which are both related to the SHG coherence length, and found more disordered fibril organization in the Dcn - / - . We have also used image analysis readouts based on entropy, multifractal dimension, and wavelet transforms to compare the collagen fibril/fiber architecture in the two models, where all these showed that the Dcn - / - prostate comprised smaller and more disorganized collagen structures. All these SHG metrics are consistent with decreased SHG phase matching in the Dcn - / - and are further consistent with ultrastructural analysis of collagen in this model in other tissues, which show a more random distribution of fibril sizes and their packing into fibers. As Dcn is a known tumor suppressor, this work forms the basis for future studies of collagen remodeling in both malignant and benign prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wade A. Bushman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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Margin diagnosis for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer using multiphoton microscopy. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:408-416. [PMID: 30972623 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the primary option for the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC). Thus, it is necessary to diagnose whether residual cancer cells exist in the ESD specimen margins, which can affect tumor recurrence and survival rates in the future. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can be suitably used for nondestructive imaging of biological tissue on a cellular level to enable real-time guidance during endoscopic therapy. Considering this, the objective of this study is to explore the practicality of MPM for the diagnosis of ESD specimen margins in the case of EGC. METHODS First, a total of 20 surgical samples was imaged using the proposed MPM technique to obtain two-photo excited fluorescence signal from the intrinsic fluorescent substances within cells and second-harmonic generation signal from collagen; these signals were used to determine MPM pathological features for margin diagnosis. Then, a double-blind study of 50 samples was conducted to evaluate the diagnosis results based on the obtained MPM pathological features. RESULTS Multiphoton microscopy can accurately identify the cytological and morphological differences between tissue in the negative and positive margin. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive, and positive predictive values of MPM in the diagnosis of ESD specimen margins were 97.62, 75.00, 94.00, 95.35, and 85.71%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicate that MPM can be used as an effective, real-time, and label-free novel method to determine intraoperative resection margins.
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Yu D, Brown EB, Huxlin KR, Knox WH. Tissue effects of intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS): insights from two-photon autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:855-867. [PMID: 30800519 PMCID: PMC6377903 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intra-tissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) is a novel, non-ablative form of vision correction by which femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused into ocular tissues to induce localized refractive index (RI) change via nonlinear absorption. Here, we examined the effects of Blue-IRIS on corneal microstructure to gain insights into underlying mechanisms. Three-layer grating patterns were inscribed with IRIS ~180 µm below the epithelial surface of ex vivo rabbit globes using a 400 nm femtosecond laser. Keeping laser power constant at 82 mW in the focal volume, multiple patterns were written at different scan speeds. The largest RI change induced in this study was + 0.011 at 20 mm/s. After measuring the phase change profile of each inscribed pattern, two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy were used to quantify changes in stromal structure. While TPEF increased significantly with induced RI change, there was a noticeable suppression of SHG signal in IRIS treated regions. We posit that enhancement of TPEF was due to the formation of new fluorophores, while decreases in SHG were most likely due to degradation of collagen triple helices. All in all, the changes observed suggest that IRIS works by inducing a localized, photochemical change in collagen structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Edward B. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Krystel R. Huxlin
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Wayne H. Knox
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Romijn EI, Finnøy A, Lilledahl MB. Analyzing the feasibility of discriminating between collagen types I and II using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800090. [PMID: 29971934 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
According to previous studies, the nonlinear susceptibility tensor ratio χ33 /χ31 obtained from polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) under the assumption of cylindrical symmetry can be used to distinguish between fibrillar collagen types. Discriminating between collagen fibrils of types I and II is important in tissue engineering of cartilage. However, cartilage has a random organization of collagen fibrils, and the assumption of cylindrical symmetry may be incorrect. In this study, we simulated the P-SHG response from different collagen organizations and demonstrated a possible method to exclude areas where cylindrical symmetry is not fulfilled and where fibrils are located in the imaging plane. The χ33 /χ31 -ratio for collagen type I in tendon and collagen type II in cartilage was estimated to be 1.33 and 1.36, respectively, using this method. These ratios are now much closer than what has been reported previously in the literature, and the larger reported differences between collagen types can be explained by variation in the structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth I Romijn
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Finnøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Saini K, Discher D, Kumar N. Static and time-dependent mechanical response of organic matrix of bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:315-325. [PMID: 30639980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone derives its mechanical strength from the complex arrangement of collagen fibrils (type-I primarily) reinforced with hydroxy-apatite (HAp) mineral crystals in extra- and intra-fibrillar compartments. This study demonstrates a novel approach to obtain organic matrix of bone through its demineralization as well as mechanically characterize it at small length scales using static and dynamic indentation techniques. Sample surface preparation protocol used in the present work maintained the surface integrity of demineralized bone samples which resulted sample surface of roughness (RMS) magnitude of approximately 14 nm (averaged over 1 × 1 μm2 area duly verified by atomic force microscope (AFM)). Elemental composition analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (for probed depth upto 2 μm) confirmed the complete removal of HAp mineral from bone samples during their demineralization using EDTA leaving collagen molecule assemblies unaffected as represented by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging. The modulus magnitudes of organic matrix obtained using from quasistatic as well as dynamic indentations (at constant frequency of 30 Hz) as ∼2.6 GPa and 4.5 GPa respectively, demonstrated the influence of loading rate on the estimated mechanical properties. For indentation depth to surface roughness ratio greater than ∼5:1, interestingly, measured material properties of organic matrix were found to depend on increasing magnitude of indentation depth of up to ∼500 nm value which probed from few collagen fibrils to next level of hierarchy i.e. collagen fibers. These findings are very useful to accurately determine the elastic and visco-elastic response of organic matrices of mineralized tissues for various applications including tissue engineering, bio-mimetics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Saini
- Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Dennis Discher
- Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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Utino FL, Garcia M, Velho PENF, França AFEDC, Stelini RF, Pelegati VB, Cesar CL, de Souza EM, Cintra ML, Damiani GV. Second-harmonic generation imaging analysis can help distinguish sarcoidosis from tuberculoid leprosy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 30516038 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis and tuberculoid leprosy (TL) are prototypes of granulomatous inflammation in dermatology, which embody one of the histopathology limitations in distinguishing some diseases. Recent advances in the use of nonlinear optical microscopy in skin have enabled techniques, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG), to become powerful tools to study the physical and biochemical properties of skin. We use SHG images to analyze the collagen network, to distinguish differences between sarcoidosis and TL granulomas. SHG images obtained from skin biopsies of 33 patients with TL and 24 with sarcoidosis retrospectively were analyzed using first-order statistics (FOS) and second-order statistics, such as gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Among the four parameters evaluated (optical density, entropy, contrast, and second angular moment), only contrast demonstrated statistical significance, being higher in sarcoidosis (p = 0.02; 4908.31 versus 2822.17). The results may indicate insufficient differentiating power for most tested FOS and GLCM parameters in classifying sarcoidosis and TL granulomas, when used individually. But in combination with histopathology (H&E and complementary stains, such as silver and fast acid stains), SHG analysis, like contrast, can contribute to distinguishing between these diseases. This study can provide a way to evaluate collagen distribution in granulomatous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Leonel Utino
- University of Campinas, Department of Pathology, Campinas, Brazil
- University of Campinas, Department of Dermatology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Garcia
- University of Campinas, Department of Pathology, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vitor Bianchin Pelegati
- Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- University of Campinas, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lenz Cesar
- Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- University of Campinas, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, Campinas, Brazil
- Federal University of Ceará, Department of Physics, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gislaine Vieira Damiani
- Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
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Apter B, Lapshina N, Handelman A, Fainberg BD, Rosenman G. Peptide Nanophotonics: From Optical Waveguiding to Precise Medicine and Multifunctional Biochips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801147. [PMID: 30027685 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical waveguiding phenomena found in bioinspired chemically synthesized peptide nanostructures are a new paradigm which can revolutionize emerging fields of precise medicine and health monitoring. A unique combination of their intrinsic biocompatibility with remarkable multifunctional optical properties and developed nanotechnology of large peptide wafers makes them highly promising for new biomedical light therapy tools and implantable optical biochips. This Review highlights a new field of peptide nanophotonics. It covers peptide nanotechnology and the fabrication process of peptide integrated optical circuits, basic studies of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in biological and bioinspired nanostructures, and their passive and active optical waveguiding. It is shown that the optical properties of this generation of bio-optical materials are governed by fundamental biological processes. Refolding the peptide secondary structure is followed by wideband optical absorption and visible tunable fluorescence. In peptide optical waveguides, such a bio-optical effect leads to switching from passive waveguiding mode in native α-helical phase to an active one in the β-sheet phase. The found active waveguiding effect in β-sheet fiber structures below optical diffraction limit opens an avenue for the future development of new bionanophotonics in ultrathin peptide/protein fibrillar structures toward advanced biomedical nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Apter
- Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Nadezda Lapshina
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amir Handelman
- Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
| | - Boris D Fainberg
- Faculty of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, 5810201, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gil Rosenman
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Campbell KR, Chaudhary R, Handel JM, Patankar MS, Campagnola PJ. Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation imaging of human ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-8. [PMID: 29900704 PMCID: PMC5998835 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.6.066501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix in human ovarian cancer can be manifested in increased collagen concentration, changes in alignment within fibrils/fibers and/or up-regulation of different collagen isoforms. We used pixel-based second harmonic generation (SHG) polarization microscopy analyses to probe these molecular changes in human ovarian tissues [normal stroma, benign tumors, and high-grade serous (HGS) tumors] by: (i) determination of the α-helical pitch angle via the single-axis molecular model, (ii) collagen alignment within fibrils via SHG anisotropy, and (iii) chirality via SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD). Pixel approaches are required due to the complex structure of the matrix that lacks a high degree of fiber alignment. The largest differences in the helical pitch angle were between normal stroma and benign tumors, consistent with gene expression showing the Col III isoform is up-regulated in the latter. The data were not consistent with up-regulation of Col III in HGS tumors as previous reports have suggested. The different tissues also displayed differing SHG anisotropies and SHG-CD responses, consistent with either Col III incorporation or randomization of Col I alignment within benign and malignant tumors. Additionally, the high-grade tumors displayed higher collagen concentration, where this desmoplasia is consistent with the higher fiber density in these tissues. These results collectively indicate that the fibril assemblies are distinct in all tissues, where these differences likely result from the synthesis of collagen rather than remodeling of existing collagen. Importantly, these analyses are label-free and interrogate subresolution collagen structure on intact tissues, without the need for conventional structural biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julia M. Handel
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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40
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Huang S, Makarem M, Kiemle SN, Hamedi H, Sau M, Cosgrove DJ, Kim SH. Inhomogeneity of Cellulose Microfibril Assembly in Plant Cell Walls Revealed with Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5006-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karamikamkar S, Behzadfar E, Cheung KC. A novel approach to producing uniform 3-D tumor spheroid constructs using ultrasound treatment. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:27. [PMID: 29511829 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Producing three-dimensional (3-D) multicellular tumor spheroids (TSs) is valuable for characterizing anticancer drugs since they provide a more representative model of the 3-D in vivo tumor than conventional two-dimensional (2-D) monolayer culture. The interaction of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a 3-D culture environment is more similar to a tumor in vivo than in a 2-D environment; cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction can influence cell behaviour, such as in response to drug treatment. In vitro tumor spheroid models have been developed using microfluidic systems to generate 3-D hydrogel beads containing components of alginate and ECM protein, such as collagen, with high uniformity and throughput. Cell-laden hydrogel droplets are formed using a flow focusing process wherein the hydrogel precursors should be a homogeneous mixture. During gelation of the droplets into beads, the alginate acts as a fast gelling component helping to maintain the spherical shape of beads and preventing coalescence as the temperature-sensitive collagen I component gels more slowly. To produce uniform hydrogel droplets using the microfluidic flow focusing system, the mixtures must be homogeneous. However, collagen's sensitivity to temperature can lead to formation of chunks of collagen gel inside of the mixture, causing the mixture to become non-uniform and risking chip clogging. In order to overcome this limitation, previous approaches have used a cooling system during bead encapsulation while tumor cells were also present in the mixture, but this procedure can contribute to a delay in cell proliferation. Here a novel yet simple method is developed to prepare homogeneous pre-bead-encapsulation-mixtures containing collagen type I through ultrasonication. This method allows the cultivation of homogenous TS cultures with high uniformity and compact structure, and not only maintains cell viability but also the proliferation of cells in alginate/collagen hydrogel bead cultures. Depending on the sonication parameters, time and temperature, collagen can form small sized fibrils to thick fibers. Here, the mixtures containing collagen are assessed for morphology of collagen fibers/fibrils, cell viability, and proliferation. Human source Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells are successfully incorporated into alginate/collagen mixtures, followed by sonication, and then bead production. After bead gelation, the encapsulated MCF-7 cells remained viable and proliferated to form uniform TSs when the beads contained alginate and collagen. Results indicate that ultrasound treatment (UST) provides a powerful technique to change the structure of collagen from fiber to fibril, and to disperse collagen fibers in the mixture homogeneously for an application to generate uniform hydrogel beads and spheroids while not inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Karamikamkar
- BioMEMS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ehsan Behzadfar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen C Cheung
- BioMEMS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Campbell KR, Campagnola PJ. Assessing local stromal alterations in human ovarian cancer subtypes via second harmonic generation microscopy and analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 29188658 PMCID: PMC5847644 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The collagen architecture in all human ovarian cancers is substantially remodeled, where these alterations are manifested in different fiber widths, fiber patterns, and fibril size and packing. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has differentiated normal tissues from high-grade serous (HGS) tumors with high accuracy; however, the classification between low-grade serous, endometrioid, and benign tumors was less successful. We postulate this is due to known higher genetic variation in these tissues relative to HGS tumors, which are genetically similar, and this results in more heterogeneous collagen remodeling in the respective matrix. Here, we examine fiber widths and SHG emission intensity and directionality locally within images (e.g., 10×10 microns) and show that normal tissues and HGS tumors are more uniform in fiber properties as well as in fibril size and packing than the other tissues. Moreover, these distributions are in good agreement with phase matching considerations relating SHG emission directionality and intensity. The findings show that in addition to average collagen assembly properties the intrinsic heterogeneity must also be considered as another aspect of characterization. These local analyses showed differences not shown in pure intensity-based image analyses and may provide further insight into disease etiology of the different tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R. Campbell
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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A new mode of contrast in biological second harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13331. [PMID: 29042656 PMCID: PMC5645342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced image contrast in biological second harmonic imaging microscopy (SHIM) has previously been reported via quantitative assessments of forward- to epi-generated signal intensity ratio and by polarization analysis. Here we demonstrate a new form of contrast: the material-specific, wavelength-dependence of epi-generated second harmonic generation (SHG) excitation efficiency, and discriminate collagen and myosin by ratiometric epi-generated SHG images at 920 nm and 860 nm. Collagen shows increased SHG intensity at 920 nm, while little difference is detected between the two for myosin; allowing SHIM to characterize different SHG-generating components within a complex biological sample. We propose that momentum-space mapping of the second-order non-linear structure factor is the source of this contrast and develop a model for the forward and epi-generated SHG wavelength-dependence. Our model demonstrates that even very small changes in the assumed material fibrillar structure can produce large changes in the wavelength-dependency of epi-generated SHG. However, in the case of forward SHG, although the same changes impact upon absolute intensity at a given wavelength, they have very little effect on wavelength-dependency beyond the expected monotonic fall. We also propose that this difference between forward and epi-generated SHG provides an explanation for many of the wavelength-dependency discrepancies in the published literature.
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Islam A, Romijn EI, Lilledahl MB, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. Non-linear optical microscopy as a novel quantitative and label-free imaging modality to improve the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1729-1737. [PMID: 28668541 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current systems to evaluate outcomes from tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) are sub-optimal. The main purpose of our study was to demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy as a novel quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory made cartilage constructs. METHODS Scaffold-free cartilage constructs were obtained by condensation of in vitro expanded Hoffa's fat pad derived stromal cells (HFPSCs), incubated in the presence or absence of chondrogenic growth factors (GF) during a period of 21 d. Cartilage-like features in constructs were assessed by Alcian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. A new scoring system, using second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) index for collagen density and distribution, was adapted to the existing "Bern score" in order to evaluate in vitro TEC. RESULTS Spheroids with GF gave a relative high Bern score value due to appropriate cell morphology, cell density, tissue-like features and proteoglycan content, whereas spheroids without GF did not. However, both TEM and SHGM revealed striking differences between the collagen framework in the spheroids and native cartilage. Spheroids required a four-fold increase in laser power to visualize the collagen matrix by SHGM compared to native cartilage. Additionally, collagen distribution, determined as the area of tissue generating SHG signal, was higher in spheroids with GF than without GF, but lower than in native cartilage. CONCLUSION SHG represents a reliable quantitative approach to assess collagen deposition in laboratory engineered cartilage, and may be applied to improve currently established scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Islam
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.
| | - E I Romijn
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
| | - M B Lilledahl
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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Robinson KG, Scott RA, Hesek AM, Woodford EJ, Amir W, Planchon TA, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Reduced arterial elasticity due to surgical skeletonization is ameliorated by abluminal PEG hydrogel. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:222-232. [PMID: 28932820 PMCID: PMC5579730 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries for bypass grafting are harvested either with neighboring tissue attached or as skeletonized vessels that are free of surrounding tissue. There are significant benefits to skeletonization, but reports suggest that skeletonized vessels may develop structural defects and are at risk for atherosclerosis. We investigated the specific short‐term effects of skeletonization on carotid artery biomechanics and microanatomy in a rabbit model. Six carotid arteries were surgically skeletonized. To support healing, three of these received polyethylene glycol hydrogel injected along their exterior surfaces. M‐mode ultrasonography was used to track circumferential cyclic strain in the skeletonized, hydrogel‐treated, and contralateral vessels. On day 21, the arteries were harvested, and vessel structure was assessed by histology, immunofluorescence microscopy, two‐photon elastin autofluorescence, and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Intimal‐medial thickness appeared unaffected by skeletonization, but the SHG signals indicated significant changes in collagen turnover in the adventitia. Skeletonized arteries also exhibited significantly decreased radial compliance (circumferential cyclic strain dropped ∼30%) and decreased numbers of elastic laminae (9.1 ± 2.0 to 2.3 ± 1.4). Hydrogel treatment protected against these effects with treated vessels maintaining normal mechanical properties. These results indicate that arterial skeletonization triggers immediate effects on vessel remodeling and reduced vessel compliance resulting in specific tissue alterations within 21 days, but that these effects can be attenuated by the placement of hydrogel on the exterior surface of the skeletonized vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn G Robinson
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803
| | - Rebecca A Scott
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803.,Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716
| | - Anne M Hesek
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803
| | - Edward J Woodford
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803
| | - Wafa Amir
- Dept. of Physics and Engineering, Optical Science Center for Applied Research Delaware State University Dover DE 19901
| | - Thomas A Planchon
- Dept. of Physics and Engineering, Optical Science Center for Applied Research Delaware State University Dover DE 19901
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803.,Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716.,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington DE1 9803.,Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716.,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716
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He S, Xue W, Duan Z, Sun Q, Li X, Gan H, Huang J, Qu JY. Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy reveals critical role of kinesin-1 in cartilage development. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1771-1782. [PMID: 28663865 PMCID: PMC5480580 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscope system by integrating stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging. The system was used to study the morphological and biochemical characteristics of tibial cartilage in a kinesin-1 (Kif5b) knockout mouse model. The detailed structure of fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix of cartilage was visualized by the forward and backward SHG signals, while high resolution imaging of chondrocytes was achieved by capturing endogenous TPEF and SRS signals of the cells. The results demonstrate that collagen fibrils in the superficial surface of the articular cartilage decreased significantly in the absence of Kif5b. The distorted morphology along with accumulated intracellular collagen was observed in the Kif5b-deficient chondrocytes, indicating the critical roles of kinesin-1 in the chondrocyte morphogenesis and collagen secretion. The study shows that multimodal NLO imaging method is an effective approach to investigate early development of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong He
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wenqian Xue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhigang Duan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiyan Gan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Tilbury KB, Campbell KR, Eliceiri KW, Salih SM, Patankar M, Campagnola PJ. Stromal alterations in ovarian cancers via wavelength dependent Second Harmonic Generation microscopy and optical scattering. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:102. [PMID: 28166758 PMCID: PMC5294710 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer remains the most deadly gynecological cancer with a poor aggregate survival rate; however, the specific rates are highly dependent on the stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Current screening and imaging tools are insufficient to detect early lesions and are not capable of differentiating the subtypes of ovarian cancer that may benefit from specific treatments. METHOD As an alternative to current screening and imaging tools, we utilized wavelength dependent collagen-specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy and optical scattering measurements to probe the structural differences in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of normal stroma, benign tumors, endometrioid tumors, and low and high-grade serous tumors. RESULTS The SHG signatures of the emission directionality and conversion efficiency as well as the optical scattering are related to the organization of collagen on the sub-micron size scale and encode structural information. The wavelength dependence of these readouts adds additional characterization of the size and distribution of collagen fibrils/fibers relative to the interrogating wavelengths. We found a strong wavelength dependence of these metrics that are related to significant structural differences in the collagen organization and are consistent with the dualistic classification of type I and II serous tumors. Moreover, type I endometrioid tumors have strongly differing ECM architecture than the serous malignancies. The SHG metrics and optical scattering measurements were used to form a linear discriminant model to classify the tissues, and we obtained high accuracy (>90%) between high-grade serous tumors from the other tissue types. High-grade serous tumors account for ~70% of ovarian cancers, and this delineation has potential clinical applications in terms of supplementing histological analysis, understanding the etiology, as well as development of an in vivo screening tool. CONCLUSIONS SHG and optical scattering measurements provide sub-resolution information and when combined provide superior diagnostic power over clinical imaging modalities. Additionally the measurements are able to delineate the different subtypes of ovarian cancer and may potentially assist in treatment protocols. Understanding the altered collagen assembly can supplement histological analysis and provide new insight into the etiology. These methods could become an in vivo screening tool for earlier detection which is important since ovarian malignancies can metastasize while undetectable by current clinical imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa B Tilbury
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kirby R Campbell
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Sana M Salih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Manish Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Optical metrics of the extracellular matrix predict compositional and mechanical changes after myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35823. [PMID: 27819334 PMCID: PMC5098140 DOI: 10.1038/srep35823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the organization and mechanical function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies that regulate wound healing following disease or injury. However, these relationships are challenging to elucidate during remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) due to rapid changes in cellularity and an inability to characterize both ECM microstructure and function non-destructively. In this study, we overcome those challenges through whole organ decellularization and non-linear optical microscopy to directly relate the microstructure and mechanical properties of myocardial ECM. We non-destructively quantify collagen organization, content, and cross-linking within decellularized healthy and infarcted myocardium using second harmonic generation (SHG) and two photon excited autofluorescence. Tensile mechanical testing and compositional analysis reveal that the cumulative SHG intensity within each image volume and the average collagen autofluorescence are significantly correlated with collagen content and elastic modulus of the ECM, respectively. Compared to healthy ECM, infarcted tissues demonstrate a significant increase in collagen content and fiber alignment, and a decrease in cross-linking and elastic modulus. These findings indicate that cross-linking plays a key role in stiffness at the collagen fiber level following infarction, and highlight how this non-destructive approach to assessing remodeling can be used to understand ECM structure-function relationships.
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Chaudhary R, Lee MS, Mubyana K, Duenwald-Kuehl S, Johnson L, Kaiser J, Vanderby R, Eliceiri KW, Corr DT, Chin MS, Li WJ, Campagnola PJ, Halanski MA. Advanced quantitative imaging and biomechanical analyses of periosteal fibers in accelerated bone growth. Bone 2016; 92:201-213. [PMID: 27612440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accepted mechanism explaining the accelerated growth following periosteal resection is that the periosteum serves as a mechanical restraint to restrict physeal growth. To test the veracity of this mechanism we first utilized Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging to measure differences of periosteal fiber alignment at various strains. Additionally, we measured changes in periosteal growth factor transcription. Next we utilized SHG imaging to assess the alignment of the periosteal fibers on the bone both before and after periosteal resection. Based on the currently accepted mechanism, we hypothesized that the periosteal fibers adjacent to the physis should be more aligned (under tension) during growth and become less aligned (more relaxed) following metaphyseal periosteal resection. In addition, we measured the changes in periosteal micro- and macro-scale mechanics. METHODS 30 seven-week old New Zealand White rabbits were sacrificed. The periosteum was imaged on the bone at five regions using SHG imaging. One centimeter periosteal resections were then performed at the proximal tibial metaphyses. The resected periosteal strips were stretched to different strains in a materials testing system (MTS), fixed, and imaged using SHG microscopy. Collagen fiber alignment at each strain was then determined computationally using CurveAlign. In addition, periosteal strips underwent biomechanical testing in both circumferential and axial directions to determine modulus, failure stress, and failure strain. Relative mRNA expression of growth factors: TGFβ-1, -2, -3, Ihh, PTHrP, Gli, and Patched were measured following loading of the periosteal strips at physiological strains in a bioreactor. The periosteum adjacent to the physis of six tibiae was imaged on the bone, before and after, metaphyseal periosteal resection, and fiber alignment was computed. One-way ANOVA statistics were performed on all data. RESULTS Imaging of the periosteum at different regions of the bone demonstrated complex regional differences in fiber orientation. Increasing periosteal strain on the resected strips increased periosteal fiber alignment (p<0.0001). The only exception to this pattern was the 10% strain on the tibial periosteum, which may indicate fiber rupture at this non-physiologic strain. Periosteal fiber alignment adjacent to the resection became less aligned while those adjacent to the physes remained relatively unchanged before and after periosteal resection. Increasing periosteal strain on the resected strips increased periosteal fiber alignment (p<0.0001). The only exception to this pattern was the 10% strain on the tibial periosteum, which may indicate fiber rupture (and consequent retraction) at this non-physiologic strain. Increasing periosteal strain revealed a significant increase in relative mRNA expression for Ihh, PTHrP, Gli, and Patched, respectively. CONCLUSION Periosteal fibers adjacent to the growth plate do not appear under tension in the growing limb, and the alignments of these fibers remain unchanged following periosteal resection. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study call into question the long-accepted role of the periosteum acting as a simple mechanical tether restricting growth at the physis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kuwabo Mubyana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Duenwald-Kuehl
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lyndsey Johnson
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jarred Kaiser
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Matthew S Chin
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul J Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew A Halanski
- Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Finnøy A, Olstad K, Lilledahl MB. Second harmonic generation imaging reveals a distinct organization of collagen fibrils in locations associated with cartilage growth. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:374-87. [PMID: 27215664 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1190348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex (AECC) is responsible for the expansion of the bone ends and serves the function of the articular cartilage in juvenile mammals. Bundles of collagen fibrils surrounding cells were in the literature observed more frequently near the articular surface of the AECC. The articular surface, the perichondrium, and cartilage canals are interfaces where appositional growth of the AECC has been demonstrated. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of second harmonic generation (SHG) to locate the collagen fibril bundles near the articular surface and to examine whether a comparable collagen fibril organization could be observed near the other interfaces of the AECC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included the femoral condyle of four piglets aged 82-141 days. The forward and backward scattered SHG, and their ratio, was analyzed across the AECC using objectives with different numerical aperture. Two-photon-excited fluorescence was used to visualize cells. RESULTS A similar pattern of collagen fibril organization was observed near the articular surface, around cartilage canals, and adjacent to the perichondrium. The pattern consisted of a higher ratio of forward to backward scattered SHG that increased relative to the surrounding matrix at lower numerical aperture. This was interpreted to reflect collagen fibril bundles in the territorial matrix of cells in these areas. CONCLUSIONS The observed arrangement of collagen fibrils was suggested to be related to the presumed different growth activity in these areas and indicated that SHG may be used as an indirect and label-free marker for cartilage matrix growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Finnøy
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kristin Olstad
- b Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Magnus B Lilledahl
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
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