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Youssef D, Salameh P, Salmi LR. Exploring the association between the Arabic version of the Traffic Locus of Control, driving behavior, and road traffic crashes: A multidimensional approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303518. [PMID: 38781239 PMCID: PMC11115203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Traffic Locus of Control scale (T-LOC) serves as a measure of drivers' personality attributes, providing insights into their perceptions of potential causes of road traffic crashes (RTCs). This study meticulously evaluated the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) among Lebanese drivers. Additionally, the study aimed to explore associations between the T-LOC scale and various driving variables, including driver behavior, accident involvement, and traffic offenses. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Lebanese drivers using a face-to-face approach. The validation of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) occurred through a two-stage process: translating and culturally adapting T-LOC in the first stage, and testing its psychometric properties in the second stage. Data were collected using a comprehensive self-reported questionnaire in Arabic, covering demographic and travel-related variables, risk involvement, and measures such as the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) and T-LOC. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to scrutinize the factorial structure of T-LOC. Pearson correlation and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Two logistic regression analyses were executed to probe associations between T-LOC and involvement in road traffic crashes (RTCs) and T-LOC subscales with the occurrence of traffic offenses. The study included 568 drivers, predominantly male (69%) and aged between 30 and 49 years (42.1%). The findings revealed that T-LOC-A exhibited robust psychometric properties, with excellent reliabilities (α = 0.85) and adherence to the original four-factor structure, encompassing self (α = 0.88), other drivers (α = 0.91), vehicle/environment (α = 0.86), and fate (α = 0.66). The multidimensional structure was statistically supported by favorable fit indices. Gender differences revealed men attributing responsibility to other drivers, while women leaned towards fate and luck beliefs. Regarding driver behavior, the "other drivers" and self-dimensions of T-LOC-A correlated positively with aggressive violations. The fate dimension showed positive associations with aggressive violations and lapses. The "other drivers" subscale correlated positively with errors, and the vehicle/environment subscale with lapses. External T-LOC factors were positively associated with accident involvement, while the "LOC self" factor emerged as a protective element. In terms of traffic offenses, "LOC fate" displayed a positive association, while the "LOC self" factor showed a protective effect. In conclusion, the Arabic T-LOC is a reliable and valuable instrument, suggesting potential improvements in driving safety by addressing drivers' locus of control perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Youssef
- Institut de Santé Publique d’Epidemiologie et de Development, Bordeaux University, France, UMR_S 1219—Research Center Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Bordeaux, France
- Clinical Trial Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese Higher Institute of Technical & Professional (IPNET), Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidémiologie Clinique et Toxicologie (INSPECT-LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Louis-Rachid Salmi
- Institut de Santé Publique d’Epidemiologie et de Development, Bordeaux University, France, UMR_S 1219—Research Center Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Bordeaux, France
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Delmas M, Camps V, Lemercier C. Should my automated car drive as I do? Investigating speed preferences of drivengers in various driving conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281702. [PMID: 36758058 PMCID: PMC9910714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the question of how automated cars (ACs) should drive converge to show that a personalized automated driving-style, i.e., mimicking the driving-style of the human behind the wheel, has a positive influence on various aspects of his experience (e.g., comfort). However, few studies have investigated the fact that these benefits might vary with respect to driver-related variables, such as trust in ACs, and contextual variables of the driving activity, such as weather conditions. Additionally, the context of intermediate levels of automation, such as SAE level 3, remains largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate these points. In a scenario-based experimental protocol, participants were exposed to written scenarios in which a character is driven by a SAE level 3 AC in different combinations of conditions (i.e., types of roads, weather conditions and traffic congestion levels). For each condition, participants were asked to indicate how fast they would prefer their AC to drive and how fast they would manually drive in the same situation. Through analyses of variance and equivalence tests, results showed a tendency for participants to overall prefer a slightly lower AC speed than their own. However, a linear regression analysis showed that while participants with the lowest levels of trust preferred an AC speed lower than theirs, those with the highest levels preferred an AC speed nearly identical to theirs. Overall, the results of this study suggest that it would be more beneficial to implement a personalization approach for the design of automated driving-styles rather than a one for all approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Delmas
- Language and Ergonomics (CLLE) Laboratory, Cognition, Languages, University of Toulouse—Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Valérie Camps
- Toulouse Computer Science Research Institute (IRIT), Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Lemercier
- Language and Ergonomics (CLLE) Laboratory, Cognition, Languages, University of Toulouse—Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
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Liu Z, Zhao H, Cai Y, Sun L. Psychometric properties of the risk, pain, and injury questionnaire in Chinese collegiate athletes and its relationship with locus of control. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281011. [PMID: 36706126 PMCID: PMC9882647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to adapt the Risk, Pain, and Injury Questionnaire (RPIQ) to Chinese collegiate athletes and examine its reliability and validity. METHODS Six hundred thirty collegiate athletes aged 17 to 24 years agreed to complete the RPIQ, the Chinese version of the SIAS and an LOC scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 300) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 330) were conducted to explore its structure, and convergent and construct validity were investigated by examining the relationships between various factors of the RPIQ, LOC, SIAS and injury risk. RESULTS The results of EFA show the Chinese version of the RPIQ contained 12 items and was divided into three factors: tough, pressed and rational choice. CFA confirmed its factorial structure (CMIN/DF = 2.61, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.07). The reliability of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). Significant associations between the RPIQ factors and LOC and SIAS were found, suggesting the construct validity of the scale was acceptable. Additionally, significant gender differences were found in the RPIQ factors and athletes who participated in individual sports scored higher on tough and rational choice factors than those who participated in team sports. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the RPIQ has sufficient psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and effective tool for measuring attitudes of the risk, pain and injury of collegiate athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelei Liu
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
- Physical Education Section, Dalian No.24 High School, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiong Cai
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Long Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Măirean C, Diaconu-Gherasim LR. The relation between time perspective and posttraumatic stress symptoms: The mediating role of traffic locus of control. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zeyin Y, Long S, Gaoxiao R. Effects of safe driving climate among friends on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors of young drivers: The moderating role of traffic locus of control. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 81:297-304. [PMID: 35589300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study focused on the impact of safe driving climate among friends on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors for young Chinese drivers, arguing for the moderating role of traffic locus of control. METHOD Three hundred and fifty-two young Chinese drivers aged 18 to 25 years agreed to participate in this study and completed the questionnaire, which included items related to safe driving climate among friends, traffic locus of control, and prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors. RESULTS Safe driving climate among friends and traffic locus of control had direct effects on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors. More importantly, internal locus of control moderated the relationship between communication on prosocial driving behavior and the relationship between shared commitment to safe driving and aggressive driving behavior. External locus of control moderated the relationship between social costs and prosocial driving behavior and the relationships between shared commitment to safe driving and prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors. It can be inferred that the effects of safe driving climate on prosocial and aggressive driving behaviors varied with their levels of traffic locus of control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study enriches current theoretical frameworks and may be applied in the development of interventions and training for young drivers from the perspective of safe driving climate among friends and traffic locus of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeyin
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian 116029 China
| | - Sun Long
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian 116029 China.
| | - Ren Gaoxiao
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850, Dalian 116029 China
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Andersson J, Bro T, Lajunen T. Self-Perception and the Relation to Actual Driving Abilities for Individuals With Visual Field Loss. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:852794. [PMID: 35370585 PMCID: PMC8972404 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.852794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Sweden, individuals with visual field loss (VFL) have their driving license withdrawn. The literature clearly indicates that individuals with VFL are unsafe drivers on a group level. However, many drivers with VFL can be safe on an individual level. The literature also suggests that self-perception, beliefs, and insights of one’s own capabilities are related to driving performance. This study had three aims: (1) To investigate self-perceived driving capability ratings for individuals with VFL; (2) to compare these ratings between groups with different medical conditions associated with VFL (stroke, glaucoma, and diabetes); and (3) to relate the self-perception ratings to actual driving performance in an advanced driving simulator. Methods Participants comprised 723 individuals whose driver’s license had been withdrawn because of VFL and 92 normally sighted elderly individuals. All participants completed a background survey, rated difficulties with different traffic situations, rated their strengths and weaknesses as drivers, and rated aspects that were important for causing traffic accidents. Of the VFL group participants, 264 also completed a simulator-based driving test that they knew could lead to renewal of their driving license. VFL participants and normally sighted was at the same age when they completed the simulator driving test. Results Overall, individuals with VFL rated their capabilities as high on all instruments and scales used, even higher than the elderly normally sighted control group. The only VFL etiology group that rated lower than other groups was the diabetes group. Safety orientation and internal control orientation values were best at discriminating between VFL participants in terms of self-perception of driving performance. Participants categorized as “high” in terms of safety skills and internal control were more modest in their ratings. Finally, participants who passed the simulated driving test did not differ from those who failed, in any of the self-perception measures. Conclusion Self-perception ratings among individuals with VFL were higher than those of normally sighted elderly individuals. Self-assessed skills did not predict driving performance. Groups with different VFL etiologies rated similarly. Self-ratings of driving abilities cannot be used to assess actual driving performance. Actual driving tests (on road or in the simulator) are necessary to discriminate between safe and unsafe drivers with VFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Andersson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Jan Andersson,
| | - Tomas Bro
- The Eye Unit, Höglandssjukhuset, Eksjö, Sweden
| | - Timo Lajunen
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sheveland AC, Luchman JN, Mendelson J, Xie J, Bleiberg MA, Eby DW, Molnar LJ, Walton BR. Psychological Constructs Related to Seat Belt Use: A Nationally Representative Survey Study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 148:105715. [PMID: 33038864 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seat belt use can significantly reduce fatalities in motor vehicle crashes (Kahane, 2000). Nevertheless, the current U.S. seat belt use rate of 89.6% (Enriquez & Pickrell, 2019) indicates that a relatively small but pervasive portion of the population does not wear seat belts on a full-time basis. Whereas much is known about the demographic predictors of seat belt use, far less is understood about psychological factors that predict individual proclivities toward using or not using a seat belt. In this study, we examined some of these potential psychological predictors. A probability-based web survey was conducted with 6,038 U.S. residents aged 16 or older who reported having driven or ridden in a car in the past year. We measured self-reported seat belt use and 18 psychological constructs and found that delay of gratification, life satisfaction, risk aversion, risk perception, and resistance to peer influence were positively associated with belt use. Impulsivity and social resistance orientation were negatively associated with belt use. Prior research has shown that psychological factors like delay of gratification, risk aversion/perception, and impulsivity predict other health behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking, sunscreen use); our results extend this literature to seat belts and can aid the development of traffic safety programs targeted at non-users who-due to such factors-may be resistant to more traditional countermeasures such as legislation and enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David W Eby
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa J Molnar
- University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Explaining Sex Differences in Motorcyclist Riding Behavior: An Application of Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238797. [PMID: 33256183 PMCID: PMC7729442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Road accidents are caused by humans, vehicles, and road environments. Human attitudes affect behavioral changes and can lead to unsafe riding behavior. The sex of an individual is a key factor that affects their riding behavior. We aimed to use structural equation modeling (SEM) by analyzing the multi-group SEM between men and women and applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the locus of control (LC) theory. The data used in the research were collected from all over Thailand, consisting of 1516 motorcycle riders (903 men and 613 women) aged over 20 years. A self-administered questionnaire was designed for data collection of the riding behavior using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), including traffic errors, control errors, stunt frequency, and safety equipment. We found that riding behaviors between men and women were significantly different in both theories. For men, TPB showed that the main factors that highly influenced motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) were the attitudes based on health motivation (AHM) and perceived behavior control (PC); for women, AHM produced a stronger effect than in men. However, for the subjective norms (SN) factor, we found no direct effect on MRB, but did find an indirect effect through the attitudes based on severity (ASE) in both sexes. Particularly for women, the indirect influence value of the SN factor was higher. For women, the LC showed that internal factors had more influence than external factors. The same was found for men, but the effect in women was significantly stronger. We found that sex significantly affected the MRB. Therefore, policies must be implemented that address each group specifically as their attitudes and behaviors are different.
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Sun L, Ma Y, Hua L. Adaptation and validity of the traffic locus of control scale in Chinese drivers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McIlroy RC, Kokwaro GO, Wu J, Jikyong U, Nam VH, Hoque MS, Preston JM, Plant KL, Stanton NA. How do fatalistic beliefs affect the attitudes and pedestrian behaviours of road users in different countries? A cross-cultural study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 139:105491. [PMID: 32151789 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of the influence of five different fatalistic belief constructs (divine control, luck, helplessness, internality, and general fatalism) on three classes of self-reported pedestrian behaviours (memory and attention errors, rule violations, and aggressive behaviours) and on respondents' general attitudes to road safety, and how relationships between constructs differ across countries. A survey of over 3400 respondents across Bangladesh, China, Kenya, Thailand, the UK, and Vietnam revealed a similar pattern for most of the relationships assessed, in most countries; those who reported higher fatalistic beliefs or more external attributions of causality also reported performing riskier pedestrian behaviours and holding more dangerous attitudes to road safety. The strengths of relationships between constructs did, however, differ by country, behaviour type, and aspect of fatalism. One particularly notable country difference was that in Bangladesh and, to a lesser extent, in Kenya, a stronger belief in divine influence over one's life was associated with safer attitudes and behaviours, whereas where significant relationships existed in the other countries the opposite was true. In some cases, the effect of fatalistic beliefs on self-reported behaviours was mediated through attitudes, in other cases the effect was direct. Results are discussed in terms of the need to consider the effect of locus of control and attributions of causality on attitudes and behaviours, and the need to understand the differences between countries therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rich C McIlroy
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Usanisa Jikyong
- Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP), Ministry of Transport, Thailand
| | - Vũ Hoài Nam
- National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Md Shamsul Hoque
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - John M Preston
- Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Katherine L Plant
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Neville A Stanton
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, University of Southampton, UK
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Interconnection Between Driving Style, Traffic Locus of Control, and Impulsivity in Bulgarian Drivers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10020058. [PMID: 32053886 PMCID: PMC7071484 DOI: 10.3390/bs10020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for research in the field of transport psychology in Bulgaria has become more tangible in recent years, due to both the increased public intolerance to aggressive driving and the very high number of injuries and fatalities in road accidents in the country. The main objective of this study is to investigate the interconnection between Driving style, Traffic locus of control, and the Impulsivity in Bulgarian drivers. A research is conducted in order to examine the relations between the constructs in Bulgarian sample (n = 456, male = 204; female = 252; average age = 37). The results show that there are significant correlations between impulsivity and all driving styles. Positive correlations were found with the maladaptive driving styles, while the adaptive driving style was negatively associated with impulsivity. Correlations between the traffic locus of control and the driving styles were also found. These results provide a very good opportunity for further research in this area as well as for the development of prevention and training programs in the field of road safety.
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Moran C, Bennett JM, Prabhakharan P. Road user hazard perception tests: A systematic review of current methodologies. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 129:309-333. [PMID: 31181355 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor hazard perception, or the ability to anticipate potentially dangerous road and traffic situations, has been linked to an increased crash risk. Novice and younger road users are typically poorer at hazard perception than experienced and older road users. Road traffic authorities have recognised the importance of hazard perception skills, with the inclusion of a hazard perception test in most Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) systems. OBJECTIVES This review synthesises studies of hazard perception tests in order to determine best practice methodologies that discriminate between novice/younger and experienced/older road users. DATA SOURCES Published studies available on PsychInfo, Scopus and Medline as at April 2018 were included in the review. Studies included a hazard perception test methodology and compared non-clinical populations of road users (car drivers, motorcyclists, bicyclists and pedestrians), based on age and experience, or compared methodologies. RESULTS 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a high degree of heterogeneity in the studies. However all methodologies - video, static image, simulator and real-world test-drive were able to discriminate road user groups categorised by age and/or experience, on at least one measure of hazard perception. CONCLUSIONS Whilst there was a high level of heterogeneity of studies, video methodology utilising temporal responses (e.g. press a button when detecting the potential hazard) are a consistent measure of hazard perception across road user groups, whereas spatial measures (e.g. locate potential hazard in the scenario) were inconsistent. Staged footage was found to discriminate as well as unstaged footage, with static images also adding valuable information on hazard perception. There were considerable inconsistencies in the categorising of participants based on age and experience, limited application of theoretical frameworks, and a considerable lack of detail regarding post hoc amendments of hazardous scenarios. This research can guide further developments in hazard perception testing that may improve driver licensing and outcomes for road users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moran
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia.
| | - Prasannah Prabhakharan
- Research Centre for Integrated Transport Innovation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Măirean C, Havârneanu CE. The relation between mortality salience, traffic locus of control, and risky driving behavior. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 45:141-151. [PMID: 31223067 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1626935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the direct relationships between mortality salience (MS), traffic locus of control (T-LOC), and risky driving behavior. The sample included 170 drivers. They completed scales measuring T-LOC, then they were randomly divided into one of the three condition groups: MS condition, traffic accidents MS condition, and the control condition. At the end, the participants completed a scale for measuring risky driving behavior. The results showed that MS interacts with the relevance of driving for self-esteem and with external T-LOC in determining risky driving. The implications of these results for safety and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Măirean
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
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Lemarié L, Bellavance F, Chebat JC. Regulatory focus, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking as predictors of risky driving behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 127:19-27. [PMID: 30826693 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence shows that most of the road safety efforts fail to reach the most risk-prone drivers. In light of this issue, we have developed this study in order to distinguish between high-risk drivers and low-risk drivers based on variables that have already been shown to affect the effectiveness of preventive messages: regulatory focus orientation, time perspective, locus of control and sensation seeking. We sent paper and pencil questionnaires to five thousand low-risk drivers and five thousand high-risk drivers randomly selected based on their driving records. A driver who has been convicted of two or more traffic infractions with demerit points (e.g., exceeding speed limits, red light violation, no seatbelt, etc.) in the last two years was considered a high-risk driver whereas a low-risk driver had no traffic offense registered in his driving record in the last four years. We received two thousand and sixty-four completed questionnaires for a response rate of 20.6%. Seven hundred and ninety-eight belonged to the group of high-risk drivers and one thousand two hundred and sixty-six to the group of low-risk drivers. The results show that a promotion focused orientation, a present hedonistic perspective, an internal locus of control, and sensation seeking are associated with more risky driving behaviors and could therefore distinguish between high-risk and low-risk drivers. These results increase the understanding of risky drivers' personalities and motivations. The literature review provides insight into how these findings might be considered in developing more effective road safety programs and campaigns, and the conclusion encourages researchers to explore these new avenues in future research.
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Gianfranchi E, Tagliabue M, Vidotto G. Personality Traits and Beliefs About Peers' On-Road Behaviors as Predictors of Adolescents' Moped-Riding Profiles. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2483. [PMID: 30581406 PMCID: PMC6293198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several efforts aimed at discriminating between different degrees of on-road risky attitudes have been devoted to the identification of personality profiles among young drivers. However, the results are often inconsistent because of the limits of self-report measures. To overcome these limits, we tried to identify different profiles based on our study participants’ driving performances in a virtual environment and to look for psychological predictors of inclusion in one of three profiles. One-hundred and fourteen inexperienced adolescents were involved in this study, which included two experimental sessions. During the first, before riding along five virtual courses on a moped simulator, participants’ sensation seeking, locus of control, aggressiveness and beliefs about their peers’ on-road behaviors were measured by means of self-report tools. During the second session, the participants drove the simulator along six courses that were different from those faced in the first session. A cluster analysis was run on a wide number of indexes extracted from the participants’ performances to detect different riding profiles. Three profiles emerged (Imprudent, Prudent and Insecure), with specific riding patterns. The profiles also differed in terms of riding safety, assessed by means of the scores automatically given by the simulator to the participants’ performances. Reporting an external locus of control, underestimating peers’ on-road risky behaviors and showing less concern for fate among the possible causes of crashes are predictors that increase the risk of being included in the Imprudent profile. Low levels of dangerous thrill seeking predict inclusion in the Prudent profile, whereas high rates of self-reported anger play a role in discriminating the Insecure riders from the other profiles. The study indicates that it is possible to identify riding profiles with different degrees of on-road safety among inexperienced adolescents by means of simulated road environments. Moreover, inclusion in these profiles is predicted by different patterns of personality variables and beliefs. Further research is needed to verify the validity of these conclusions in real road conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Crundall D, Kroll V. Prediction and perception of hazards in professional drivers: Does hazard perception skill differ between safe and less-safe fire-appliance drivers? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 121:335-346. [PMID: 29784447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Can hazard perception testing be useful for the emergency services? Previous research has found emergency response drivers' (ERDs) to perform better than controls, however these studies used clips of normal driving. In contrast, the current study filmed footage from a fire-appliance on blue-light training runs through Nottinghamshire, and endeavoured to discriminate between different groups of EDRs based on experience and collision risk. Thirty clips were selected to create two variants of the hazard perception test: a traditional push-button test requiring speeded-responses to hazards, and a prediction test that occludes at hazard onset and provides four possible outcomes for participants to choose between. Three groups of fire-appliance drivers (novices, low-risk experienced and high-risk experienced), and age-matched controls undertook both tests. The hazard perception test only discriminated between controls and all FA drivers, whereas the hazard prediction test was more sensitive, discriminating between high and low-risk experienced fire appliance drivers. Eye movement analyses suggest that the low-risk drivers were better at prioritising the hazardous precursors, leading to better predictive accuracy. These results pave the way for future assessment and training tools to supplement emergency response driver training, while supporting the growing literature that identifies hazard prediction as a more robust measure of driver safety than traditional hazard perception tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crundall
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
| | - Victoria Kroll
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK
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Azadeh A, Zarrin M, Hamid M. A novel framework for improvement of road accidents considering decision-making styles of drivers in a large metropolitan area. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 87:17-33. [PMID: 26651129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Road accidents can be caused by different factors such as human factors. Quality of the decision-making process of drivers could have a considerable impact on preventing disasters. The main objective of this study is the analysis of factors affecting road accidents by considering the severity of accidents and decision-making styles of drivers. To this end, a novel framework is proposed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and statistical methods (SMs) to assess the factors affecting road accidents. In this study, for the first time, dominant decision-making styles of drivers with respect to severity of injuries are identified. To show the applicability of the proposed framework, this research employs actual data of more than 500 samples in Tehran, Iran. The empirical results indicate that the flexible decision style is the dominant style for both minor and severe levels of accident injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azadeh
- School of Industrial Engineering and Center of Excellence for Intelligent Based Experimental Mechanic, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Zarrin
- School of Industrial Engineering and Center of Excellence for Intelligent Based Experimental Mechanic, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hamid
- School of Industrial Engineering and Center of Excellence for Intelligent Based Experimental Mechanic, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Af Wåhlberg AE, Barraclough P, Freeman J. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as accident predictor; A methodological re-meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 55:185-212. [PMID: 26683562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is the most commonly used self-report tool in traffic safety research and applied settings. It has been claimed that the violation factor of this instrument predicts accident involvement, which was supported by a previous meta-analysis. However, that analysis did not test for methodological effects, or include unpublished results. METHOD The present study re-analysed studies on prediction of accident involvement from DBQ factors, including lapses, and many unpublished effects. Tests of various types of dissemination bias and common method variance were undertaken. RESULTS Outlier analysis showed that some effects were probably not reliable data, but excluding them did not change the results. For correlations between violations and crashes, tendencies for published effects to be larger than unpublished ones and for effects to decrease over time were observed, but were not significant. Also, using the mean of accidents as proxy for effect indicated that studies where effects for violations are not reported have smaller effect sizes. These differences indicate dissemination bias. Studies using self-reported accidents as dependent variables had much larger effects than those using recorded accident data. Also, zero-order correlations were larger than partial correlations controlled for exposure. Similarly, violations/accidents effects were strong only when there was also a strong correlation between accidents and exposure. Overall, the true effect is probably very close to zero (r<.07) for violations versus traffic accident involvement, depending upon which tendencies are controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Methodological factors and dissemination bias have inflated the published effect sizes of the DBQ. Strong evidence of various artefactual effects is apparent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS A greater level of care should be taken if the DBQ continues to be used in traffic safety research. Also, validation of self-reports should be more comprehensive in the future, taking into account the possibility of common method variance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Barraclough
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Freeman
- Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Mallia L, Lazuras L, Violani C, Lucidi F. Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: the role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 79:145-151. [PMID: 25823904 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed. Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that personality traits were associated to aberrant driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular altruism, excitement seeking, and normlessness directly predicted bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were negatively associated with the three types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviors. Personality traits relevant to emotionality directly predicted bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors, without any mediation of attitudes. Finally, only self-reported violations were related to bus drivers' accident risk. The present findings suggest that the hypothesized personality-attitudes model accounts for aberrant driving behaviors in bus drivers, and provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mallia
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", P.za Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Carpentier A, Brijs K, Declercq K, Brijs T, Daniels S, Wets G. The effect of family climate on risky driving of young novices: the moderating role of attitude and locus of control. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 73:53-64. [PMID: 25173998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the relative importance of young novice drivers' family climate on their driving behavior. A sample of young novice drivers (N=171) between the age of 17 and 24, who held their permanent (or temporary) driver's license for no longer than one year, participated. The questionnaire included items related to the participants' family climate, 3 socio-cognitive determinants (i.e., attitude, locus of control and social norm), and risky driving behaviors. We expected both family climate and the socio-cognitive determinants to exert a direct effect on risky driving. Furthermore we hypothesized that the socio-cognitive determinants would moderate the impact of family climate on risky driving. The results showed that the effect of family climate on risky driving only originated from one single factor (i.e., noncommitment). Besides that, the results confirmed the importance of the three socio-cognitive determinants to the degree that attitude, locus of control, and social norm significantly predicted the self-reported risky driving. In line of what we hypothesized, attitude moderated the relationship between noncommitment and risky driving. Lastly, we found an unexpected three-way interaction which indicated that locus of control moderated the relation between noncommitment and risky driving only when young drivers' attitude was risk-supportive. We recommend scholars and practitioners to take into account the interaction between external sources of influence (such as an individual's family climate) and more personally oriented dispositions (such as an individual's attitude, social norm and locus of control) when trying to explain and change young novices' risky driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Carpentier
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Kris Brijs
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences, Agoralaan-building H, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Declercq
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tom Brijs
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Daniels
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Geert Wets
- Hasselt University, Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Wetenschapspark 5, bus 6, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Lucidi F, Mallia L, Lazuras L, Violani C. Personality and attitudes as predictors of risky driving among older drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 72:318-324. [PMID: 25108900 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although there are several studies on the effects of personality and attitudes on risky driving among young drivers, related research in older drivers is scarce. The present study assessed a model of personality-attitudes-risky driving in a large sample of active older drivers. A cross-sectional design was used, and structured and anonymous questionnaires were completed by 485 older Italian drivers (Mean age=68.1, SD=6.2, 61.2% males). The measures included personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, risky driving (errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and self-reported crash involvement and number of issued traffic tickets in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling showed that personality traits predicted both directly and indirectly traffic violations, errors, and lapses. More positive attitudes toward traffic safety negatively predicted risky driving. In turn, risky driving was positively related to self-reported crash involvement and higher number of issued traffic tickets. Our findings suggest that theoretical models developed to account for risky driving of younger drivers may also apply in the older drivers, and accordingly be used to inform safe driving interventions for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, "Foro Italico"- P.za Lauro de Bosis, 15- 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Lambros Lazuras
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78-00185 Rome, Italy
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Łuczak A, Tarnowski A. Validation of selected temperament and personality questionnaires for diagnosing drivers' aptitude for safe driving. A Polish study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 70:293-300. [PMID: 24831270 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study aimed at validating psychological questionnaires evaluating temperamental and personality features. It discusses their usefulness in diagnosing drivers' aptitude for safe driving and working as professional drivers. Three psychological questionnaires were validated: the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour - Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Revised and Short Scale (EPQ-R (S)) and the Impulsiveness Questionnaire (IVE). Three groups of drivers (n=246) aged 19-75 participated in the study. Group I (professional drivers; n=96) and Group II (nonprofessional drivers; n=75) had never been involved in road crashes, whereas Group III (nonprofessional drivers; n=75) were offenders involved in fatal injury road crashes. Criterion-related validity, Cronbach's alpha and Guttman split-half reliability coefficient were in assessing the psychometric properties of the questionnaires. There were some significant differences between Groups II and III for most traits. However, contrary to expectations, higher Emotional Reactivity, Perseveration and lower Endurance as well as higher Neuroticism, Impulsiveness and Venturesomeness were determined for Group II than for Group III. Additionally, the temperament and personality profile of Group II turned out to be less fitted to the profile of safe drivers than that of Group III, whose profile was actually similar to that of Group I. This seems to result from a high tendency for a positive self-presentation among Group I and Group III (a significantly higher result on the Lie scale in comparison with Group II). The results suggest that if psychological tests are to decide on whether a person may be a professional driver or may drive vehicles, the three questionnaires (FCB-TI, EPQ-R(S) and IVE) do not provide a valid diagnosis of professional drivers' aptitude because of drivers' high tendency for positive self-presentation. However, they can be used in job counselling and in screening high-risk drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łuczak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Department of Ergonomics, Laboratory of Social Psychology, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Tarnowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Psychology, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland.
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Bianchi Piccinini GF, Rodrigues CM, Leitão M, Simões A. Driver's behavioral adaptation to adaptive cruise control (ACC): the case of speed and time headway. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2014; 49:77-84. [PMID: 24913490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM The Adaptive Cruise Control is an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) that allows maintaining given headway and speed, according to settings pre-defined by the users. Despite the potential benefits associated to the utilization of ACC, previous studies warned against negative behavioral adaptations that might occur while driving with the system activated. Unfortunately, up to now, there are no unanimous results about the effects induced by the usage of ACC on speed and time headway to the vehicle in front. Also, few studies were performed including actual users of ACC among the subjects. OBJECTIVES This research aimed to investigate the effect of the experience gained with ACC on speed and time headway for a group of users of the system. In addition, it explored the impact of ACC usage on speed and time headway for ACC users and regular drivers. METHOD A matched sample driving simulator study was planned as a two-way (2×2) repeated measures mixed design, with the experience with ACC as between-subjects factor and the driving condition (with ACC and manually) as within-subjects factor. RESULTS The results show that the usage of ACC brought a small but not significant reduction of speed and, especially, the maintenance of safer time headways, being the latter result greater for ACC users, probably as a consequence of their experience in using the system. SUMMARY The usage of ACC did not cause any negative behavioral adaptations to the system regarding speed and time headway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Based on this research work, the Adaptive Cruise Control showed the potential to improve road safety for what concerns the speed and the time headway maintained by the drivers. The speed of the surrounding traffic and the minimum time headway settable through the ACC seem to have an important effect on the road safety improvement achievable with the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Francesco Bianchi Piccinini
- ISEC UNIVERSITAS, Alameda das Linhas de Torres 179, 1750-142 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Manuel Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Leitão
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Simões
- CIGEST, Rua Vitorino Nemésio 5, 1750-306 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Jenenkova O. Personal Characteristics of Aggressive Drivers in the Perception of Drivers and Road Traffic Inspectors. PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT 2014. [DOI: 10.5964/psyct.v7i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Turnipseed DL. Context-specific locus of control scales: poor psychometrics and cluttered theory?1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2466/09.03.cp.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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You X, Ji M, Han H. The effects of risk perception and flight experience on airline pilots' locus of control with regard to safety operation behaviors. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 57:131-9. [PMID: 23680497 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper was to integrate two research traditions, social cognition approach and individual state approach, and to understand the relationships between locus of control (LOC), risk perception, flight time, and safety operation behavior (SOB) among Chinese airline pilots. The study sample consisted of 193 commercial airline pilots from China Southern Airlines Ltd. The results showed that internal locus of control directly affected pilot safety operation behavior. Risk perception seemed to mediate the relationship between locus of control and safety operation behaviors, and total flight time moderated internal locus of control. Thus, locus of control primarily influences safety operation behavior indirectly by affecting risk perception. The total effect of internal locus of control on safety behaviors is larger than that of external locus of control. Furthermore, the safety benefit of flight experience is more pronounced among pilots with high internal loci of control in the early and middle flight building stages. Practical implications for aviation safety and directions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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Crundall D, van Loon E, Stedmon AW, Crundall E. Motorcycling experience and hazard perception. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 50:456-464. [PMID: 22727882 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies of hazard perception skills in car drivers suggest that the ability to spot hazards improves with driving experience. Is this the case with motorcyclists? Sixty-one motorcyclists, split across three groups (novice, experienced and advanced riders) were tested on a hazard perception test containing video clips filmed from the perspective of a motorcyclist. Response times to hazards revealed that the advanced riders (who had completed an advanced riding course) were the fastest, and the experienced riders were the slowest to respond to hazards, with novice riders falling in-between. Advanced riders were also found to make more internal attributions regarding the causes of the hazards than novice riders (though on a general measure of Locus of Control there was no difference between groups). The results demonstrate a link between advanced training and motorcycling hazard perception skill, but raise important concerns about the effects of mere experience on rider safety. This challenges previous conceptions that simply extrapolated from our understanding of the hazard perception skills of car drivers to this particularly vulnerable group of road users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crundall
- Accident Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Sarma KM, Carey RN, Kervick AA, Bimpeh Y. Psychological factors associated with indices of risky, reckless and cautious driving in a national sample of drivers in the Republic of Ireland. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2013; 50:1226-1235. [PMID: 23154054 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a national survey of drivers in the Republic of Ireland that sought to examine psychological predictors of specific driving behaviours. 1638 respondents attending National Car Testing (NCT) centres nationwide completed a questionnaire battery that included personality, attitudinal, locus of control and social influence measures. The driving behaviours examined were drawn from a Driving Behaviour Scale (Iversen, 2004) and included Speeding and Rule Violation, Reckless Driving, Wearing of Seat Belts, Cautious Driving and Drink Driving. Cross-group comparisons suggested that males engaged in more risky and less cautious driving behaviours than females, and participants under the age of 25 were more risky and less cautious than those 25 years or older. Statistically significant models of each driving outcome emerged. The best model fit was for speeding and rule violation, which was predicted by a model including positive attitudes towards speeding, greater normative influences of friends and higher perceived behavioural control, extraversion and driving anger. These findings offer important insights into the correlates of different driving behaviours and can help inform the work of road safety practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran M Sarma
- School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Republic of Ireland.
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Özkan T, Lajunen T, Doğruyol B, Yıldırım Z, Çoymak A. Motorcycle accidents, rider behaviour, and psychological models. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2012; 49:124-132. [PMID: 23036389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to: (a) investigate the factor structure of the Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire (MRBQ) [Elliott, M.A., Baughan, B.J., Sexton, B.F., 2007. Errors and violations in relation to motorcyclists' crash risk. Accident Analysis and Prevention 39, 491-499] in among Turkish riders, and (b) study the relationships between different types of rider behaviour and motorcyclists' active and passive accidents and offences, and (c) investigate the usefulness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), Health Belief Model (HBM), and Locus of Control (T-LOC) in explaining rider behaviours. MRBQ was administered to a sample of motorcyclists (N=451). Principal components analysis yielded a 5-factor solution including traffic errors, control errors, speed violations, performance of stunts, and use of safety equipment. Annual mileage was related to higher number of active and passive accidents and offences whereas age was related to lower number of active and passive accidents. Stunts were the main predictors of active accidents and offences. Speeding violations predicted offences. Stunts and speeding violations were associated with the fate factor of the T-LOC, and with attitudes, subjective norms, and intention components of TPB, and cues to action and perceived severity components of the HBM. Use of safety equipment was related to the high level of perceived behavioural control and intention components of the TPB, the low score of perceived barriers component of the HBM, and the low fate factor of the T-LOC. While traffic errors were associated with the high score of perceived barriers and cues to action component of the HBM, control errors were related to the high score of vehicle and environment factor of the T-LOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türker Özkan
- Safety Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Inonu Bulvari, 06531 Ankara, Turkey.
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Adrian J, Postal V, Moessinger M, Rascle N, Charles A. Personality traits and executive functions related to on-road driving performance among older drivers. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2011; 43:1652-9. [PMID: 21658491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated how executive functions and personality traits are related with driving performance among older drivers. Forty-two participants aged 60 and over were recruited to complete a battery of cognitive tests, measures of personality traits and an on-road driving test. Significant correlations were found between poor driving performances and low scores on tests assessing shifting and updating functions. In addition, extraversion had a negative relation with driving performance and made the only contribution, among the psychological factors, to the prediction of driving performance. Finally, gender and age emerged as the best predictors of on-road driving performance. Gender, personality traits and executive functions should be taken into account when studying safety among older drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Adrian
- Laboratory of Accidentology, Biomechanics and Human Behavior, PSA Peugeot Citroën - Renault (LAB), 132 rue des Suisses, 92000 Nanterre, France.
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Lucidi F, Giannini AM, Sgalla R, Mallia L, Devoto A, Reichmann S. Young novice driver subtypes: relationship to driving violations, errors and lapses. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1689-1696. [PMID: 20728618 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify, in a large Italian sample of young, novice drivers, specific subtypes of drivers on the basis of combinations of self-reported personality traits (i.e., driving anger, anxiety, angry hostility, excitement-seeking, altruism, normlessness and driving locus of control) and to evaluate their high-risk driving behaviors not only in terms of traffic rule violations and risk-taking behaviors, but also in terms of driving errors and lapses as measured by the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire. Participants were 1008 high school students between the ages of 18 and 23 years, with valid driver's licenses. On the basis of a cluster analysis of the personality variables, three easily interpretable driver subgroups were identified (risky drivers, worried drivers and careful drivers) that differed on self-reported accident involvement, attitudes toward traffic safety and risk perception, as well as on driving violations, errors, and lapses. The inclusion of internal and external driving locus of control, variables not previously considered in similar cluster studies, provided a relevant contribution to the final cluster solution. Further, the use of the Driving Behavior Questionnaire permitted the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and mistakes due to misjudgments or lapses in attention. This distinction was critical for understanding the behavior of each of the three identified subgroups of drivers, and for planning interventions to promote safe driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Development and Socialization Processes Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Warner HW, Ozkan T, Lajunen T. Can the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) scale be successfully used to predict Swedish drivers' speeding behaviour? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2010; 42:1113-1117. [PMID: 20441820 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) scale in a Swedish sample of drivers. The second aim was to examine if this scale can be used to predict drivers' speeding behaviour. A sample of Swedish car owners (N=223) completed a questionnaire including questions based on the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) scale as well as questions about their speeding behaviour. The results showed a five factor solution including own skills, own behaviour, other drivers, vehicle/environment and fate. Own behaviour and vehicle/environment could be used to predict drivers' speeding behaviour on roads with a 90 km/h speed limit while none of the variables included in the traffic locus of control (T-LOC) scale could be used to predict drivers' speeding behaviour on roads with a 50 km/h speed limit. On 90 km/h roads own behaviour was positively related to drivers' speeding behaviour while vehicle/environment was negatively related to their speeding behaviour.
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Holland C, Geraghty J, Shah K. Differential moderating effect of locus of control on effect of driving experience in young male and female drivers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Paquet Y, Berjot S, Gillet N. Validation d'une échelle de locus de contrôle spécifique à la performance en sport individuel (LOCPSI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3917/bupsy.502.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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