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Blandizzi C, Carlucci L, Balsamo M, Contardi A, Bungaro N, Erbuto D, Pompili M, Innamorati M. Measuring psychache as a suicide risk variable: A Mokken analysis of the Holden's Psychache Scale. J Affect Disord 2024; 369:80-86. [PMID: 39321981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Psychache Scale (PAS) is a questionnaire measuring trait-level psychological pain with satisfactory internal consistency and a strong correlation with suicidal ideation severity. However, inconsistent results have been reported for the PAS dimensionality. In the present study we used a non-parametric item response theory model, called Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA), to refine an unidimensional version of the PAS. METHODS The sample was composed of 400 Italian adults (312 females and 88 males) nonrandomly recruited from the general population. RESULTS A final set of 10 items satisfied the unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity assumptions, although it did not satisfy the double monotonicity assumption. The internal consistency of the PAS-10 was satisfactory (ordinal alpha = 0.98, ω = 0.97, and AVE = 0.82), and ROC curves analysis indicated good discriminant validity when differentiating participants with higher suicide risk from those with lower suicide risk. LIMITATIONS Structural invariance between nonclinical and clinical samples was not investigated, and the presence of suicide ideation and behaviors was assessed with self-report measures with potential under-reporting of the phenomenon. CONCLUSION The PAS-10 resulted to be a potentially valid and unidimensional measure of psychological pain (i.e., psychache) that could be used to screen adults at higher risk for suicide. Future studies are needed to investigate psychometric properties of the PAS-10 in clinical samples and to replicate results in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Blandizzi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Humanities, Letters, Cultural Heritage and Educational Studies, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Humanities and Territory, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Anna Contardi
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Bungaro
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Erbuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Yılmaz FA, Avci D. The Relationship Between Psychological Pain, Spiritual Well-Being, and Social Support in Turkish Women Undergoing Therapeutic or Elective Abortion. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02087-4. [PMID: 39017826 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between psychological pain, spiritual well-being, and social support among Turkish women undergoing therapeutic or elective abortion. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 342 women who were hospitalized in the gynecology and obstetrics service of a city hospital between March 2021 and December 2022 in Turkey. The mean psychological pain, spiritual well-being and perceived social support scores of women undergoing therapeutic/elective abortion were 26.96 ± 11.21, 110.72 ± 13.09 and 64.09 ± 15.62, respectively. There were a significant negative correlation between psychological pain with spiritual well-being and social support. According to linear regression analysis, spiritual well-being, social support, age, employment status, economic level, history of abortion, number of abortion, current abortion type, and gestational week were statistically significant predictive factors of psychological pain. Therefore, healthcare providers can provide individualized psychosocial-spiritual care and counseling services that decrease psychological pain in women after therapeutic or elective abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Alp Yılmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Avci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
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3
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Boye CM, Botor NJB, Tuliao AP, Webb JR. Psychometric evaluation of the Psychache Scale: A multigroup comparison between white and hispanic undergraduate student drinkers. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38976373 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2366965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
With psychache being an integral aspect of suicidal and addictive behavior, there is a need for efficient assessment, including generalizability across various racial and ethnic identities. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Psychache Scale was conducted in the context of 1537 undergraduate college student drinkers (White = 1,171, Hispanic = 366). The alternative bifactor model was a better solution compared to other competing models suggesting that the Psychache Scale is sufficiently unidimensional. There was sufficient support for measurement invariance, which implies that the scale is measuring the same construct across groups. The Hispanic group had a significantly higher latent mean overall psychache score compared to their counterparts. The association of psychache with various adjustment outcomes was also similar across groups. The measure demonstrated robust properties to capture psychological pain. Additional studies need to be done to examine factors influencing psychache, especially among the Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort M Boye
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Nephtaly J B Botor
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Antover P Tuliao
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Jon R Webb
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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4
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Ordóñez-Carrasco JL, Cuadrado Guirado I, Rojas Tejada A. Scale of psychological pain: Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale in young adults. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2022; 15:196-204. [PMID: 36184539 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological pain is understood as an intolerable and disturbing mental state characterized by an internal experience of negative emotions. This study was aimed at making a Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale by Holden and colleagues in a sample of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS The scale evaluates psychological pain as a subjective experience. It is composed of 13 items with a Likert-type response format. Following the guidelines of the International Tests Commission for the adaptation of the test, we obtained a version conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original scale. Through an online questionnaire, participants completed the psychological pain scale along with other scales to measure depression (BDI-II), hopelessness (Beck's scale of hopelessness) and suicide risk (Plutchik suicide risk scale). The participants were 234 people (94 men, 137 women and three people who identified as a different sex) from 18 to 35 years old. RESULTS The EFA showed a one-factor solution, and the FCA revealed adequate indexes of adjustment to the unifactorial model. It also showed good reliability of the test scores. The evidence of validity of the scale in relation to the other variables showed high, positive and statistically significant correlations with depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and suicidal risk. CONCLUSION In summary, this Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale could contribute to improving the evaluation of both the patient with suicide risk and the effectiveness of psychological therapy, as well as suicidal behaviour prevention and intervention.
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5
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Ielmini M, Lucca G, Trabucchi E, Aspesi GL, Bellini A, Caselli I, Callegari C. Assessing Mental Pain as a Predictive Factor of Suicide Risk in a Clinical Sample of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040111. [PMID: 35447683 PMCID: PMC9025694 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to contemporary suicidology, mental pain represents one of the main suicide risk factors, along with more traditional constructs such as depression, anxiety and hopelessness. This work aims to investigate the relationship between the levels of mental pain and the risk to carry out suicide or suicide attempt in the short term in order to understand if a measurement of mental pain can be used as a screening tool for prevention. For this purpose, 105 outpatients with psychiatric diagnosis were recruited at the university hospital of Varese during a check-up visit and were assessed by using psychometric scales of mental pain levels, hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Clinical and sociodemographic variables of the sample were also collected. A period of 18 months following the recruitment was observed to evaluate any suicides or attempted suicides. Subjects numbering 11 out of 105 committed an attempted suicide. From statistical analyses, high values of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scales showed a significant association with the risk of carrying out a suicide attempt and, among these, OMMP and BDI-II showed characteristics of good applicability and predictivity proving suitable to be used as potential tools for screening and primary prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ielmini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Giulia Lucca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Eric Trabucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Gian Luca Aspesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Alessandro Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Pavia, 21100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ivano Caselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-278727
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Holden RR, Patterson AA, Fekken GC. Childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury: Mental pain and depression as mediators in university and community samples? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cheng Y, Zhao WW, Chen SY, Zhang YH. Research on Psychache in Suicidal Population: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Papers Published During 1994-2020. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:727663. [PMID: 34512425 PMCID: PMC8426636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychache is a negative introspective experience, which is positively associated with the risk of suicide, independently of depression. It is undeniable that psychache is an important influencing factor to trigger suicide, which can also mediate the effect between depression and suicide variables. Nevertheless, the research tendency and current hotspots on psychache of suicide population have not been systematically investigated based on bibliometric analysis. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the research status, hotspots, and frontiers of psychological pain in the field of suicidology, so as to provide reference for domestic clinical research. Methods: The literature related to psychache in suicide individuals published from 1994 to 2020 was included and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database on May 28, 2021. CiteSpace (version 5.7.R2) software was used to visualize and analyze highly cited journals, authors, and articles as well as co-occurrence analysis for countries, institution, authors, and keywords. Results: A total of 230 articles from the WoS database were included. The number of papers over the years showed an overall upward trend. The United States has made the largest contribution, with the majority of publications (89, 38.70%), followed by Canada (48, 20.87%), Israel (31, 13.48%), China (20, 8.80%), and Portugal (17, 7.39%). The most productive institution was Queen's University. Edwin S. Shneidman has the largest achievement and profound influence, and the most prolific author is Ronald R. Holden. However, the cooperation between institutions and authors was comparatively weak. The current hotspots in this field focus on the studies on the relationships between depression, despair, psychache, and suicide, the risk assessments of psychological pain, and the development of psychological pain scales. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior was the most frequently cited journal in this field. Conclusions: This analysis not only reveals the current research trend and hotspots but also provides some instructive suggestions on the development of psychache in the suicidology. Future work should pay more attention to develop effective psychological pain intervention programs for diverse suicide population. Additionally, longitudinal study can also be conducted to grasp the trajectory changes of psychological pain among suicide individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Holden RR, Lambert CE, La Rochelle M, Billet MI, Fekken GC. Invalidating childhood environments and nonsuicidal self-injury in university students: Depression and mental pain as potential mediators. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:722-731. [PMID: 32880952 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential mediating effects of depression and psychache (i.e., extreme mental pain) on the relationship between parental invalidation and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in young adults. METHOD A sample of 2474 university students responded to previously validated measures of current NSSI, childhood parental invalidation, depression, and psychache. RESULTS Using a parallel mediation model, path analysis using structural equation modeling demonstrated full mediation by depression and psychache of the link between parental invalidation and NSSI. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the association between invalidating childhood environments and NSSI has the potential to be mitigated by addressing issues of depression and psychache.
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9
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Campos RC, Holden RR. Psychological pain and previous suicide attempts in young adults: Results with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1965-1971. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui C. Campos
- Departamento de Psicologia, Escola de ciências Sociais e Centro de Investigação em Educação e Psicologia (CIEP‐UE) Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
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10
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Demirkol ME, Tamam L, Namlı Z, Eriş Davul Ö. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the tolerance for mental pain scale-10. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1699309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Demirkol
- Department of Psychiatry, Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Lut Tamam
- Department of Psychiatry, Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Namlı
- Department of Psychiatry, Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif Inan State Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Özge Eriş Davul
- Department of Psychiatry, Hatay State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey
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11
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Sun X, Li H, Song W, Jiang S, Shen C, Wang X. ROC analysis of three‐dimensional psychological pain in suicide ideation and suicide attempt among patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:210-227. [PMID: 31576558 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- Department of PsychologyRenmin University of ChinaBeijing China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of PsychologyRenmin University of ChinaBeijing China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of PsychologyRenmin University of ChinaBeijing China
| | - Songyuan Jiang
- Department of PsychologyRenmin University of ChinaBeijing China
| | - Chengfeng Shen
- Department of PsychologyRenmin University of ChinaBeijing China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Institute of PsychologySecond Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha China
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Ordóñez-Carrasco JL, Cuadrado Guirado I, Rojas Tejada A. Scale of psychological pain: Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale in young adults. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2019; 15:S1888-9891(19)30051-5. [PMID: 31171488 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological pain is understood as an intolerable and disturbing mental state characterized by an internal experience of negative emotions. This study was aimed at making a Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale by Holden and colleagues in a sample of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS The scale evaluates psychological pain as a subjective experience. It is composed of 13 items with a Likert-type response format. Following the guidelines of the International Tests Commission for the adaptation of the test, we obtained a version conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original scale. Through an online questionnaire, participants completed the psychological pain scale along with other scales to measure depression (BDI-II), hopelessness (Beck's scale of hopelessness) and suicide risk (Plutchik suicide risk scale). The participants were 234 people (94 men, 137 women and three people who identified as a different sex) from 18 to 35 years old. RESULTS The EFA showed a one-factor solution, and the FCA revealed adequate indexes of adjustment to the unifactorial model. It also showed good reliability of the test scores. The evidence of validity of the scale in relation to the other variables showed high, positive and statistically significant correlations with depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and suicidal risk. CONCLUSION In summary, this Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale could contribute to improving the evaluation of both the patient with suicide risk and the effectiveness of psychological therapy, as well as suicidal behaviour prevention and intervention.
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13
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O'Keefe VM, Tucker RP, Cole AB, Hollingsworth DW, Wingate LR. Understanding Indigenous Suicide Through a Theoretical Lens: A Review of General, Culturally-Based, and Indigenous Frameworks. Transcult Psychiatry 2018; 55:775-799. [PMID: 29862895 DOI: 10.1177/1363461518778937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities throughout North America continue to experience the devastating impact of suicide. Theoretical explanations of suicide from a psychological, sociological, cultural, and Indigenous perspective all differ in focus and applicability to AI/AN communities. These diverse theoretical frameworks and models are presented herein to examine the potential applicability, strengths, and limitations in understanding AI/AN suicide. In providing these perspectives, continued discussions and empirical examinations of AI/AN suicide can guide informative, culturally-informed suicide prevention and intervention efforts.
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Campos RC, Holden RR, Gomes M. Assessing psychache as a suicide risk variable: Data with the Portuguese version of the psychache scale. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 43:527-533. [PMID: 30216132 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1493002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have consistently related psychological pain to suicide risk. Psychache, according to Shneidman's perspective and measured by the Psychache Scale has been confirmed as an important variable in risk prediction. In the present study, we evaluated psychache as a construct related to suicide risk using data obtained with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale translated from the original English version. A community sample of 628 individuals responded to the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale, the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, the CES-D Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire. Results supported the unidimensional scoring of the Psychache scale, its ability to differentiate between individuals at-risk for suicide from individuals not at-risk, its relationship with different, but related, constructs and its ability to predict suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C Campos
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Évora, Évora , Portugal
| | - Ronald R Holden
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Margarida Gomes
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Évora, Évora , Portugal
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15
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An Analysis of the Psychache Scale in College Student Problematic Drinkers. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Dangel T, Webb JR. Forgiveness and substance use problems among college students: Psychache, depressive symptoms, and hopelessness as mediators. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1489003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trever Dangel
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Jon R. Webb
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
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17
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Montemarano V, Troister T, Lambert CE, Holden RR. A four-year longitudinal study examining psychache and suicide ideation in elevated-risk undergraduates: A test of Shneidman's model of suicidal behavior. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1820-1832. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Dangel TJ, Webb JR, Hirsch JK. Forgiveness and Suicidal Behavior: Cynicism and Psychache as Serial Mediators. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 152:77-95. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1408555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Meerwijk EL, Weiss SJ. Utility of a time frame in assessing psychological pain and suicide ideation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3491. [PMID: 28652940 PMCID: PMC5483035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessing psychological pain has been recommended as an integral part of a comprehensive suicide risk assessment. The Psychache Scale, an established measure of psychological pain, does not specify a time frame for when pain is experienced, which may inadvertently increase the likelihood of identifying individuals as being at elevated suicide risk when they complete the Psychache Scale based on psychological pain experienced at some undefined time in the past. Methods We conducted a national general population survey among United States adults to determine whether addition of a time frame to the instructions of the Psychache Scale would more accurately reflect current psychological pain and more effectively identify people with current suicide ideation. A between-subjects design was used where respondents were randomized to complete the original Psychache scale or a modified scale with time frame. Data were collected online from September 2015 to June 2016. A total of 242 respondents had complete psychological pain data: 133 completed the original Psychache Scale and 109 completed the Psychache Scale with time frame. Results Addition of a time frame did not result in differences in psychological pain scores. However, when screening for participants with current suicide ideation, 13% fewer false positives were observed with the modified scale at higher cut-off values than previously reported (38 vs. 24). The substantial increase in positive predictive value suggests that a time frame is a worthwhile addition to the Psychache Scale. Discussion We recommend using the Psychache Scale with a time frame and testing the cut-off score for suicide ideation in population samples that reflect the general population more accurately. Psychological pain cut-off scores in clinical samples have yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Meerwijk
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,Current affiliation: VA Health Services Research & Development (Center for Innovation to Implementation), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandra J Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Troister T, Holden RR. Factorial Differentiation Among Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in Statistically Predicting Suicidality. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0748175612451744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Efficacy of psychological pain theory-based cognitive therapy in suicidal patients with major depressive disorder: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 249:23-29. [PMID: 28063394 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of psychological pain theory-based cognitive therapy (PPTBCT) on suicide among depressed patients, compared with a control group who received usual psychological care (UPC). The sample consisted of 32 depressed patients and 32 healthy control subjects. All participants completed the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), Beck Depression Inventory, Three-Dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS), and Problem Solving Inventory(PSI), and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ). All measures differed significantly between depressed patients and healthy controls. Then clinical participants were assigned randomly to the PPTBCT (n=19) and control (n=13) groups. During the 8-week intervention, scores related to depression, suicidal ideation, psychological pain, and automatic thoughts were decreased in both groups at the post-intervention and 4-week follow-up time points, compared with pre-intervention scores. BSI scores remained low at follow up and did not differ significantly from post-intervention scores in the PPTBCT group, but were significantly higher at follow up than at post-intervention in the control group. PPTBCT may effectively reduce suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder, although the effects of its application need to be confirmed.
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Meerwijk EL, Weiss SJ. Does suicidal desire moderate the association between frontal delta power and psychological pain? PeerJ 2016; 4:e1538. [PMID: 26793422 PMCID: PMC4715463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological pain frequently underlies thoughts of suicide. We investigated if recent suicidal desire moderated the association between potential neurophysiological markers and psychological pain assessed on the Psychache Scale (PS) and the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP). The OMMP specifically assesses current psychological pain that may more readily capture emotions present during recent suicidal desire. In contrast, the PS leaves the timeframe undefined. A secondary analysis was conducted of resting-state EEG data and heart rate obtained in adults with a history of depression. In simultaneous multiple regression models, while controlling for depressive symptoms, recent suicidal desire moderated associations with right-frontal EEG delta power (ΔR2 = .07, p < .01) and low-frequency heart rate variability (nonsignificantly) for pain assessed on the PS. No indication for moderation was found for pain on the OMMP. The relationship between the two measures of psychological pain was stronger for individuals with recent suicidal desire (r = .75, p < .01 vs. r = .50, p < .05). The findings suggest that, unless a respondent’s psychological pain is recent and substantial, the PS may not capture the intensity of current psychological pain as effectively as the OMMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Meerwijk
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , United States
| | - Sandra J Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , United States
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Verrocchio MC, Carrozzino D, Marchetti D, Andreasson K, Fulcheri M, Bech P. Mental Pain and Suicide: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:108. [PMID: 27378956 PMCID: PMC4913233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental pain, defined as a subjective experience characterized by perception of strong negative feelings and changes in the self and its function, is no less real than other types of grief. Mental pain has been considered to be a distinct entity from depression. We have performed a systematic review analyzing the relationship between mental pain and suicide by providing a qualitative data synthesis of the studies. METHODS We have conducted, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search for the literature in PubMed, Web Of Science, and Scopus. Search terms were "mental pain" "OR" "psychological pain" OR "psychache" combined with the Boolean "AND" operator with "suicid*." In addition, a manual search of the literature, only including the term "psychache," was performed on Google Scholar for further studies not yet identified. RESULTS Initial search identified 1450 citations. A total of 42 research reports met the predefined inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Mental pain was found to be a significant predictive factor of suicide risk, even in the absence of a diagnosed mental disorder. Specifically, mental pain is a stronger factor of vulnerability of suicidal ideation than depression. CONCLUSION Mental pain is a core clinical factor for understanding suicide, both in the context of mood disorders and independently from depression. Health care professionals need to be aware of the higher suicidal risk in patients reporting mental pain. In this regard, psychological assessment should include a clinimetric evaluation of mental pain in order to further detect its contribution to suicidal tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti , Italy
| | - Danilo Carrozzino
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti , Italy
| | - Kate Andreasson
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
| | - Mario Fulcheri
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University , Chieti , Italy
| | - Per Bech
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital , Hillerød , Denmark
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Levinger S, Holden RR. Reliability and validation of the Hebrew Version of the Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire (RASQ-H) and its importance for mental pain. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2014; 44:486-96. [PMID: 24571636 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the Hebrew Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire (RASQ-H) and its application for suicidality, and mental pain and its tolerance. The sample comprised 97 participants who were inpatient suicide attempters, inpatient nonattempters, or nonpatient controls. Differentiation of the RASQ into internal perturbation-based reasons and extrapunitive/manipulative motivations factors was confirmed, with each scale demonstrating strong internal reliability. While the internal perturbation-based reasons factor related positively to some suicidal manifestations, to mental pain, and to lower mental pain tolerance, the extrapunitive/manipulative motivations factor mostly associated with lower suicidality and had fewer and smaller associations with mental pain and its tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Levinger
- Graduate School of Creative Arts, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Suicidal behavior is highly complex and multifaceted. Consequent to the pioneering work of Durkheim and Freud, theoreticians have attempted to explain the biological, social, and psychological nature of suicide. The present work presents an overview and critical discussion of the most influential theoretical models of the psychological mechanisms underlying the development of suicidal behavior. All have been tested to varying degrees and have important implications for the development of therapeutic and preventive interventions. Broader and more in-depth approaches are still needed to further our understanding of suicidal phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Barzilay
- a Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petach Tikva , Israel
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Troister T, Holden RR. A Two-Year Prospective Study of Psychache and its Relationship to Suicidality Among High-Risk Undergraduates. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68:1019-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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