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Shaff J, O'Keefe VM, Atkin AL, Wang X, Wilcox HC. Examining the unique impacts of Potentially Traumatic Experiences (PTE) and discrimination events on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Multiracial/ethnic adults in the United States. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:51-56. [PMID: 37972662 PMCID: PMC11034830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and PTSD are pressing public health issues in the US, with discrimination and potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) influencing mental health. However, the unique effects of these factors on Multiracial/ethnic adults' PTSD and suicidal thoughts/behaviors (STB) are not thoroughly researched. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, an online survey was conducted (N = 1012) from October to December 2022. Multivariable logistic regression models analyzed relationships between PTEs, discriminatory events, and mental health outcomes, accounting for sociodemographics. RESULTS After adjusting for demographics, exposure to PTEs and discrimination correlated with heightened odds of PTSD and STB. Individual lifetime discrimination experiences and specific PTEs demonstrated varying associations with STB and PTSD. The study underscores discrimination's relevance as a risk factor. LIMITATIONS The study's cross-sectional nature restricts causality or temporality interpretations. Moreover, the convenience sample of English-speaking online participants might not be reflective of all Multiracial/ethnic US adults. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore PTEs and discrimination's interconnectedness in Multiracial/ethnic mental health outcomes. Discrimination might pose similar risks to PTEs. Acknowledging discrimination as potential precursors for PTSD and STB aids accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Incorporating racial/ethnic discrimination and traumatic experiences into PTSD conceptualization and assessment is pivotal. This knowledge informs tailored interventions and mental health education for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Shaff
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America.
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | | | - Xinzi Wang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
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Wexler L, White LA, O'Keefe VM, Rasmus S, Haroz EE, Cwik MF, Barlow A, Goklish N, Elliott E, Pearson CR, Allen J. Centering Community Strengths and Resisting Structural Racism to Prevent Youth Suicide: Learning from American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38240632 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of extreme suicide disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth signals a severe health inequity with distinct associations to a colonial experience of historical and on-going cultural, social, economic, and political oppression. To address this complex issue, we describe three AI/AN suicide prevention efforts that illustrate how strengths-based community interventions across the prevention spectrum can buffer suicide risk factors associated with structural racism. Developed and implemented in collaboration with tribal partners using participatory methods, the strategies include universal, selective, and indicated prevention elements. Their aim is to enhance systems within communities, institutions, and families by emphasizing supportive relationships, cultural values and practices, and community priorities and preferences. These efforts deploy collaborative, local approaches, that center on the importance of tribal sovereignty and self-determination, disrupting the unequal power distribution inherent in mainstream approaches to suicide prevention. The examples emphasize the centrality of Indigenous intellectual traditions in the co-creation of healthy developmental pathways for AI/AN young people. A central component across all three programs is a deep commitment to an interdependent or collective orientation, in contrast to an individual-based mental health suicide prevention model. This commitment offers novel directions for the entire field of suicide prevention and responds to calls for multilevel, community-driven public health strategies to address the complexity of suicide. Although our focus is on the social determinants of health in AI/AN communities, strategies to address the structural violence of racism as a risk factor in suicide have broad implications for all suicide prevention programming.
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O'Keefe VM, Maudrie TL, Cole AB, Ullrich JS, Fish J, Hill KX, White LA, Redvers N, Jernigan VBB, Lewis JP, West AE, Apok CA, White EJ, Ivanich JD, Schultz K, Lewis ME, Sarche MC, Gonzalez MB, Parker M, Neuner Weinstein SE, McCray CJ, Warne D, Black JC, Richards JR, Walls ML. Conceptualizing Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research using group concept mapping. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:71. [PMID: 37101194 PMCID: PMC10134608 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years public health research has shifted to more strengths or asset-based approaches to health research but there is little understanding of what this concept means to Indigenous researchers. Therefore our purpose was to define an Indigenous strengths-based approach to health and well-being research. METHODS Using Group Concept Mapping, Indigenous health researchers (N = 27) participated in three-phases. Phase 1: Participants provided 218 unique responses to the focus prompt "Indigenous Strengths-Based Health and Wellness Research…" Redundancies and irrelevant statements were removed using content analysis, resulting in a final set of 94 statements. Phase 2: Participants sorted statements into groupings and named these groupings. Participants rated each statement based on importance using a 4-point scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to create clusters based on how statements were grouped by participants. Phase 3: Two virtual meetings were held to share and invite researchers to collaboratively interpret results. RESULTS A six-cluster map representing the meaning of Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research was created. Results of mean rating analysis showed all six clusters were rated on average as moderately important. CONCLUSIONS The definition of Indigenous strengths-based health research, created through collaboration with leading AI/AN health researchers, centers Indigenous knowledges and cultures while shifting the research narrative from one of illness to one of flourishing and relationality. This framework offers actionable steps to researchers, public health practitioners, funders, and institutions to promote relational, strengths-based research that has the potential to promote Indigenous health and wellness at individual, family, community, and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Keefe
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tara L Maudrie
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashley B Cole
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Jillian Fish
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle X Hill
- Department of Indigenous Health, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lauren A White
- Joint Program for Social Work and Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Redvers
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jordan P Lewis
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Amy E West
- Keck School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Evan J White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jerreed D Ivanich
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie Schultz
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melissa E Lewis
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michelle C Sarche
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miigis B Gonzalez
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myra Parker
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sophie E Neuner Weinstein
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Celena J McCray
- Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donald Warne
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica C Black
- Department of Alaska Native Studies and Rural Development, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jennifer R Richards
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa L Walls
- Center for Indigenous Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Indigenous Health--Great Lakes Hub, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Duluth, MN, USA
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Bridge JA, Ruch DA, Sheftall AH, Hahm HC, O'Keefe VM, Fontanella CA, Brock G, Campo JV, Horowitz LM. Youth Suicide During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics 2023; 151:190657. [PMID: 36789551 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-058375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential differential changes in youth suicide deaths associated with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to better inform suicide prevention strategies. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed national suicide data for US youth aged 5 to 24 years from 2015 to 2020. Annual and monthly numbers of suicides were extracted overall and by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and method. Expected suicides were modeled from the trend in monthly deaths before COVID-19 (January 1, 2015-February 29, 2020), by using interrupted time-series analyses with quasi-Poisson regression. Rate ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare expected and observed suicides during the first 10 months of COVID-19 (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020). RESULTS Among 5568 identified youth suicides during the 2020 pandemic, 4408 (79.2%) were male, 1009 (18.1%) Hispanic, 170 (3.3%) non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 262 (4.7%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 801 (14.4%) Black, and 3321 (59.6%) white. There was a significant increase in overall observed versus expected youth suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07), equivalent to an estimated 212 excess deaths. Demographic subgroups including males (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), youth aged 5 to 12 years (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.41) and 18 to 24 years (RR =1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.08), non-Hispanic AI/AN youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03-1.39), Black youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12-1.29), and youth who died by firearms (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10-1.19) experienced significantly more suicides than expected. CONCLUSIONS Suicide deaths among US youth increased during COVID-19, with substantial variation by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and suicide method. Suicide prevention strategies must be tailored to better address disparities in youth suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Bridge
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of bPsychiatry and Behavioral Health and.,Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Donna A Ruch
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arielle H Sheftall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health
| | - Cynthia A Fontanella
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of bPsychiatry and Behavioral Health and
| | - Guy Brock
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health
| | - John V Campo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Horowitz
- National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
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Maudrie TL, Aulandez KMW, O'Keefe VM, Whitfield FR, Walls ML, Hautala DS. Food Stress and Diabetes-Related Psychosocial Outcomes in American Indian Communities: A Mixed Methods Approach. J Nutr Educ Behav 2022; 54:1051-1065. [PMID: 36244877 PMCID: PMC9742178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore the relationship between diabetes-related psychosocial outcomes and food stress in American Indian communities. DESIGN Convergence model of a mixed methods triangulation study. SETTING Five American Indian reservation communities in the Midwest. PARTICIPANTS One-hundred ninety-two participants were randomly selected from tribal health centers using clinic patient records and were surveyed about diabetes distress, empowerment, and food stress across 4 different time points. Seventeen focus group discussions were conducted and transcribed, and a mix of purposive and convenience sampling was used. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Psychosocial outcomes associated with (or related to) diabetes and food stress. ANALYSIS Quantitative: Multiple linear regression was performed to explore relationships between food stress and diabetes distress and empowerment. Qualitative: Open coding of data identified portions of the transcripts related to food followed by a deductive approach on the basis of the components of quantitative food stress. RESULTS Food stress in the forms of (1) not having enough money for food and not having enough time for cooking or shopping (P = 0.08) and (2) inadequate food access and being on a special diet (P = 0.032) were associated with increased diabetes distress. Lower diabetes empowerment was associated with not having enough money for food and being on a special diet (P = 0.030). Our qualitative data mirrored quantitative findings that experiencing multiple forms of food stress negatively impacted diabetes psychosocial outcomes and illuminated the cyclical role mental health can play in relationships to food. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings highlight that experiencing food stress negatively affects diabetes empowerment and diabetes distress. These findings emphasize the importance of improving community food environments and addressing individual food access for diabetes management and prevention initiatives in American Indian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Maudrie
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Kevalin M W Aulandez
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Melissa L Walls
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dane S Hautala
- Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Grubin F, Maudrie TL, Neuner S, Conrad M, Waugh E, Barlow A, Coser A, Hill K, Pioche S, Haroz EE, O'Keefe VM. Development and Cultural Adaptation of Psychological First Aid for COVID-19 Frontline Workers in American Indian/Alaska Native Communities. J Prev (2022) 2022; 43:697-717. [PMID: 35841432 PMCID: PMC9288204 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is broadly affecting the mental health and well-being of people around the world, and disproportionately affecting some groups with already pre-existing health inequities. Two groups at greater risk of physical and/or mental health detriments from COVID-19 and more profoundly impacted by the pandemic include frontline workers and American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. To provide support and prevent long-term mental health problems, we culturally adapted a psychological first aid guide specifically for COVID-19 frontline workers serving AI/AN communities. We engaged a diverse, collaborative work group to steer the adaptation content and process. We also held two focus group discussions with frontline workers in AI/AN communities to incorporate their perspectives into the adapted guide. Results from the group discussions and the collaborative work group were compiled, analyzed to extract themes and suggestions, and integrated into the adapted content of the guide. Main adaptations included updating language (i.e., to be more culturally appropriate, less prescriptive, and less text heavy), framing the guide from a harm-reduction lens, incorporating cultural activities, values, and teachings common across diverse AI/AN communities (e.g., importance of being a good relative), and validating feelings and experiences of frontline workers. The resulting adapted guide includes four modules and is available as a free online training. Our adaptation process may serve as a guiding framework for future adaptations of similar resources for specific groups. The adapted guide may stand as an enduring resource to support mental well-being, the prevention of mental health problems, and reduction of health inequities during the pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Grubin
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Tara L Maudrie
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sophie Neuner
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Maisie Conrad
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Emma Waugh
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Allison Barlow
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Kyle Hill
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Shardai Pioche
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of International Health, Social and Behavioral Interventions, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N. Washington St. 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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Alfonso YN, Bishai D, Ivanich JD, O'Keefe VM, Usher J, Aldridge LR, Haroz EE, Goklish N, Barlow A, Cwik M. Suicide Ideation and Depression Quality of Life Ratings in a Reservation-Based Community of Native American Youths and Young Adults. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:779-787. [PMID: 34455531 PMCID: PMC8933312 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among adolescents is a significant public health concern in the U.S., especially within American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Lack of quality of life (QoL) estimates for both suicide ideation and depression specific to the AIAN population hinders the ability to compare interventions in cost-effectiveness analysis. We surveyed 200 AI youth and young adults from the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to estimate utility weights for experiencing suicide ideation and depression. Our results indicate that, on a scale of 0-100, with higher scores indicating better health, the general community rates both suicide ideation and depression at 15.8 and 25.1, respectively. These weights are statistically significantly different and lower than for other cultures. Culturally specific QoL values will allow the comparison and identification of the most effective and feasible interventions to reduce the suicide burden among tribal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Alfonso
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - D Bishai
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - J D Ivanich
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13055 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - V M O'Keefe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - J Usher
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - L R Aldridge
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - E E Haroz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - N Goklish
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - A Barlow
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M Cwik
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Haroz EE, Kemp CG, O'Keefe VM, Pocock K, Wilson DR, Christensen L, Walls M, Barlow A, Hammitt L. Nurturing Innovation at the Roots: The Success of COVID-19 Vaccination in American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:383-387. [PMID: 35196058 PMCID: PMC8887173 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Haroz
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Christopher G Kemp
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Katherine Pocock
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - David R Wilson
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Loretta Christensen
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Melissa Walls
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Allison Barlow
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
| | - Laura Hammitt
- Emily E. Haroz, Christopher G. Kemp, Victoria M. O'Keefe, Melissa Walls, Allison Barlow, and Laura Hammitt are with the Center for American Indian Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD. Katherine Pocock is with the Whiteriver Indian Hospital, Whiteriver, AZ. David R. Wilson is with the Tribal Health Research Office, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Loretta Christensen is with the Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD
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O'Keefe VM, Maudrie TL, Ingalls A, Kee C, Masten KL, Barlow A, Haroz EE. Development and Dissemination of a Strengths-Based Indigenous Children's Storybook: "Our Smallest Warriors, Our Strongest Medicine: Overcoming COVID-19". Front Sociol 2021; 6:611356. [PMID: 33869558 PMCID: PMC8022673 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.611356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditions, strengths, and resilience of communities have carried Indigenous peoples for generations. However, collective traumatic memories of past infectious diseases and the current impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in many Indigenous communities point to the need for Indigenous strengths-based public health resources. Further, recent data suggest that COVID-19 is escalating mental health and psychosocial health inequities for Indigenous communities. To align with the intergenerational strengths of Indigenous communities in the face of the pandemic, we developed a strengths- and culturally-based public health education and mental health coping resource for Indigenous children and families. Using a community-engaged process, the Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health collaborated with 14 Indigenous and allied child development, mental health, health communications experts and public health professionals, as well as a Native American youth artist. Indigenous collaborators and Indigenous Johns Hopkins project team members collectively represented 12 tribes, and reservation-based, off-reservation, and urban geographies. This group shared responsibility for culturally adapting the children's book "My Hero is You: How Kids Can Fight COVID-19!" developed by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings and developing ancillary materials. Through an iterative process, we produced the storybook titled "Our Smallest Warriors, Our Strongest Medicine: Overcoming COVID-19" with content and illustrations representing Indigenous values, experiences with COVID-19, and strengths to persevere. In addition, parent resource materials, children's activities, and corresponding coloring pages were created. The book has been disseminated online for free, and 42,364 printed copies were distributed to early childhood home visiting and tribal head start programs, Indian Health Service units, tribal health departments, intertribal, and urban Indigenous health organizations, Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health project sites in partnering communities, schools, and libraries. The demand for and response to "Our Smallest Warriors, Our Strongest Medicine: Overcoming COVID-19" demonstrates the desire for Indigenous storytelling and the elevation of cultural strengths to maintain physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Abstract
There are 600 diverse American Indian/Alaska Native communities that represent strong and resilient nations throughout Indian Country. However, a history of genocidal practices, cultural assaults, and continuing oppression contribute to high rates of mental health and substance use disorders. Underresourced mental health care and numerous barriers to services maintain these disparities. Indigenous community mental health workers hold local understandings of history, culture, and traditional views of health and wellness and may reduce barriers to care while promoting tribal health and economic self-determination and sovereignty. The combination of Native community mental health workers alongside a growing workforce of Indigenous mental health professionals may create an ideal system in which tribal communities are empowered to restore balance and overall wellness, aligning with Native worldviews and healing traditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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O'Keefe VM, Haroz EE, Goklish N, Ivanich J, Cwik MF, Barlow A. Employing a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) to evaluate the impact of brief risk and protective factor prevention interventions for American Indian Youth Suicide. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1675. [PMID: 31830933 PMCID: PMC6909588 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is built on a long-standing research partnership between the Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health and the White Mountain Apache Tribe to identify effective interventions to prevent suicide and promote resilience among American Indian (AI) youth. The work is founded on a tribally-mandated, community-based suicide surveillance system with case management by local community mental health specialists (CMHSs) who strive to connect at-risk youth to treatment and brief, adjunctive interventions piloted in past research. METHODS Our primary aim is to evaluate which brief interventions, alone or in combination, have the greater effect on suicide ideation (primary outcome) and resilience (secondary outcome) among AI youth ages 10-24 ascertained for suicide-related behaviors by the tribal surveillance system. We are using a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial with stratified assignment based on age and suicidal-behavior type, and randomizing N = 304 youth. Brief interventions are delivered by AI CMHSs, or by Elders with CMHS support, and include: 1) New Hope, an evidence-based intervention to reduce immediate suicide risk through safety planning, emotion regulation skills, and facilitated care connections; and 2) Elders' Resilience, a culturally-grounded intervention to promote resilience through connectedness, self-esteem and cultural identity/values. The control condition is Optimized Case Management, which all study participants receive. We hypothesize that youth who receive: a) New Hope vs. Optimized Case Management will have significant reductions in suicide ideation; b) Elders' Resilience vs. Optimized Case Management will have significant gains in resilience; c) New Hope followed by Elders' Resilience will have the largest improvements on suicide ideation and resilience; and d) Optimized Case Management will have the weakest effects of all groups. Our secondary aim will examine mediators and moderators of treatment effectiveness and sequencing. DISCUSSION Due to heterogeneity of suicide risk/protective factors among AI youth, not all youth require the same types of interventions. Generating evidence for what works, when it works, and for whom is paramount to AI youth suicide prevention efforts, where rates are currently high and resources are limited. Employing Native paraprofessionals is a means of task-shifting psychoeducation, culturally competent patient support and continuity of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT03543865, June 1, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Keefe
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Emily E Haroz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Novalene Goklish
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jerreed Ivanich
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Mary F Cwik
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Allison Barlow
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, 415 N. Washington Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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O'Keefe VM. Commentary: A Movement to Reclaim American Indian Health through Tribal Sovereignty, Community Partnerships, and Growing Tribally-Driven Health Research. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2019; 26:172-176. [PMID: 31550384 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2602.2019.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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O'Keefe VM, Hartmann WE. Working Together to Advance Indigenous Interests with Community Psychology. Am J Community Psychol 2019; 64:185-190. [PMID: 31460674 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William E Hartmann
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
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Cole AB, Leavens EL, Brett EI, Lopez SV, Pipestem KR, Tucker RP, O'Keefe VM, Leffingwell TR, Wingate LR. Alcohol use and the interpersonal theory of suicide in American Indian young adults. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 19:537-552. [PMID: 30663535 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1548320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for American Indian (AI) young adults. Alcohol use is a well-established risk factor for suicide. On average, AIs ages 12 to 20 exhibit the second-highest rate of binge drinking compared to all other ethnic groups. The current study investigated the relation between alcohol use and suicide ideation in an AI sample and examined these relations in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS). It was hypothesized that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness would each significantly moderate the relations between alcohol use and suicide ideation in an AI sample. College students who self-identified as American Indian (N = 84) completed measures of alcohol use and associated problems, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and suicidality. Results indicated that perceived burdensomeness significantly moderated the relation between alcohol use and suicide ideation, and this interaction was significant at high levels of perceived burdensomeness. However, thwarted belongingness was not a significant moderator of the relation between alcohol use and suicide ideation. Findings suggest that AI young adults who engage in increased alcohol use may be at increased risk for suicide, especially if they also experience stronger perceptions of being a burden on others. The current study provides support for continued examinations of the relationship between alcohol use and suicide to inform culturally appropriate interventions for AI young adults.
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O'Keefe VM, Tucker RP, Cole AB, Hollingsworth DW, Wingate LR. Understanding Indigenous Suicide Through a Theoretical Lens: A Review of General, Culturally-Based, and Indigenous Frameworks. Transcult Psychiatry 2018; 55:775-799. [PMID: 29862895 DOI: 10.1177/1363461518778937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities throughout North America continue to experience the devastating impact of suicide. Theoretical explanations of suicide from a psychological, sociological, cultural, and Indigenous perspective all differ in focus and applicability to AI/AN communities. These diverse theoretical frameworks and models are presented herein to examine the potential applicability, strengths, and limitations in understanding AI/AN suicide. In providing these perspectives, continued discussions and empirical examinations of AI/AN suicide can guide informative, culturally-informed suicide prevention and intervention efforts.
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Hollingsworth DW, Slish ML, Wingate LR, Davidson CL, Rasmussen KA, O'Keefe VM, Tucker RP, Grant DM. The indirect effect of perceived burdensomeness on the relationship between indices of social support and suicide ideation in college students. J Am Coll Health 2018; 66:9-16. [PMID: 28812441 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1363764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has demonstrated that a lack of social support is related to suicide risk. This study examines perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, as mechanisms of the social support-suicide relationship in college students. METHOD The study consisted of 207 students from a Midwestern university. Data were collected from 2007 to 2008. Two multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness mediated the relationship between indices of social support and suicide ideation. RESULTS Perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationships between perceived social support and suicide ideation (95% confidence interval [CI] -.02 to -.00, effect size = -.01) and social connectedness and suicide ideation (95% CI -.03 to -.00, effect size = -.03). Thwarted belongingness did not mediate either relationship. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that a lack of social support could lead to perceptions of being a burden on others, which could lead to suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith L Slish
- b Psychology Service, Oklahoma City Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , USA
| | - LaRicka R Wingate
- c Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma , USA
| | - Collin L Davidson
- d Department of Psychology, Hennepin County Medical Center , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Kathy A Rasmussen
- e Home Basic Primary Care, VA Palo Alto Health Care System , Modesto , California , USA
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- f Department of International Health, Center for American Indian Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Raymond P Tucker
- g Department of Psychology , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana , USA
| | - DeMond M Grant
- c Department of Psychology , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma , USA
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Abstract
Many American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities experience high suicide rates. However, there is little discussion in epidemiological and empirical literature about suicide-related outcomes among AI/AN military service members or veterans. This article briefly reviews the literature on AI/AN suicide and discusses what is known about Native military service member and veteran suicide mortality and self-directed violence. Recent studies suggest high suicide death rates among AI/AN military service members and veterans. Discussion includes the potential for unique cultural protective and risk factors that could inform prevention efforts and some of the novel existing efforts to support AI/AN veterans are reviewed. Given concerning suicide rates among military service members and veterans, it is important for future research to clarify the risk to AI/AN military service members and veterans and how to best develop and implement effective suicide prevention/interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Hollingsworth DW, Cole AB, O'Keefe VM, Tucker RP, Story CR, Wingate LR. Experiencing racial microaggressions influences suicide ideation through perceived burdensomeness in African Americans. J Couns Psychol 2017; 64:104-111. [DOI: 10.1037/cou0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tucker RP, Wingate LR, O'Keefe VM. Historical loss thinking and symptoms of depression are influenced by ethnic experience in American Indian college students. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2016; 22:350-8. [PMID: 26371791 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research has indicated that historical loss may play an important role in the experience of depression symptoms in American Indian/Alaska Native people. Increased frequency of historical loss thinking has been related to symptoms of depression and other pervasive psychological outcomes (i.e., substance abuse) in American Indian and Canadian First Nations communities. The current study investigated how aspects of ethnic minority experience relate to the incidence of historical loss thinking and symptoms of depression in American Indian adults. METHOD Data are presented from 123 self-identified American Indian college students (ages 18-25, 67.50% female) who participated in the study in return for course credit and/or entrance into a raffle for gift cards. Participants completed the Adolescent Historical Loss Scale (AHLS), Scale of Ethnic Experiences (SEE), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Indirect effects of ethnic experience on symptoms of depression through historical loss thinking were calculated with nonparametric bootstrapping procedures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that a strong ethnic identification, desire to predominantly socialize with other American Indians, and perceptions of discrimination were associated with increased historical loss thinking. Feelings of comfort and assimilation with the mainstream American culture were negatively related to historical loss thinking. Only perception of discrimination was directly related to symptoms of depression; however, ethnic identification and the preference to predominantly socialize with other American Indians were both indirectly related to elevated depressive symptoms through increased historical loss thinking. The clinical implications for these results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Tucker RP, Wingate LR, O'Keefe VM, Hollingsworth DW, Cole AB. An Examination of Historical Loss Thinking Frequency and Rumination on Suicide Ideation in American Indian Young Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:213-22. [PMID: 26255777 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
No research has empirically investigated whether frequency of historical loss thinking is a potential risk factor for suicide ideation in American Indians. Results of this study demonstrated that the frequency of historical loss thinking was positively associated with brooding and reflection at a small magnitude, but was not directly related to suicide ideation. Bootstrapping analyses indicated small indirect effects of historical loss thinking frequency on suicide ideation through brooding and reflection individually, but only through brooding when analyzed in a parallel mediation model. These findings suggest that American Indians who more frequently engage in historical loss thinking may be susceptible to suicide ideation via an increase in ruminative tendencies, specifically brooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Tucker
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - LaRicka R Wingate
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Ashley B Cole
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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O'Keefe VM, Wingate LR, Cole AB, Hollingsworth DW, Tucker RP. Seemingly Harmless Racial Communications Are Not So Harmless: Racial Microaggressions Lead to Suicidal Ideation by Way of Depression Symptoms. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2015; 45:567-576. [PMID: 25556819 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Racial microaggressions, a contemporary form of subtle discrimination that occurs in everyday interactions, are associated with a variety of negative mental health outcomes. Research has not extended the connection between racial microaggressions and negative mental health to include suicide risk. Given the well-known association between negative mental health outcomes and suicide risk, the current study examined whether racial microaggressions predicted suicidal ideation through depression symptoms among 405 young adults of color. Depression symptoms mediated the relationship between racial microaggressions and suicidal ideation. This is the first study to associate racial microaggressions to suicide risk. Societal and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - LaRicka R Wingate
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ashley B Cole
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Raymond P Tucker
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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DeShong HL, Tucker RP, O'Keefe VM, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Wingate LR. Five factor model traits as a predictor of suicide ideation and interpersonal suicide risk in a college sample. Psychiatry Res 2015; 226:217-23. [PMID: 25623017 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated an inconsistent relationship between suicide ideation and personality traits. This is the first study to empirically examine the relationship of the Five Factor Model of personality with current, past and no suicide ideation, and with the two interpersonal risk factors of suicide: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (Joiner, T., 2005. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press). Results indicate that high neuroticism was associated with both current ideation and a history of suicide ideation and extraversion was associated with current ideation. Neuroticism was positively related to thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, while extraversion was negatively related to these interpersonal predictors of suicide. Agreeableness was negatively related to thwarted belongingness but not perceived burdensomeness, indicating differentiated patterns of relationships between this personality domain and the two suicide constructs. Furthermore, these personality domains predicted 23.82% of variance for thwarted belongingness and 15.07% of the variance for perceived burdensomeness, above and beyond demographic variables associated with suicide ideation. This study, which was conducted with a college sample, demonstrates the potential benefit of identifying predispositional risk factors for suicide ideation and interpersonal predictors of suicide. This may have implications for the development of upstream preventative measures against suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary L DeShong
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 North Murray Hall, Stillwater, Ok 74078, USA
| | - Raymond P Tucker
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 North Murray Hall, Stillwater, Ok 74078, USA
| | - Victoria M O'Keefe
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 North Murray Hall, Stillwater, Ok 74078, USA
| | | | - LaRicka R Wingate
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology, 116 North Murray Hall, Stillwater, Ok 74078, USA
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O'Keefe VM, Grant DM, Tucker RP, Lechner WV, Mills AC, Judah MR, Wingate LR. Autonomy as a Prospective Predictor of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness Through Symptoms of Depression. Omega (Westport) 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222815575702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between sociotropy, autonomy, depression symptoms, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness in a sample of 113 undergraduate students. A prospective design with three time points was utilized to determine whether personality styles and depression symptoms play a role in the development of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, two interpersonal suicide risk factors. Time 1 autonomy predicted depression symptoms at Time 2; Time 2 depression symptoms predicted thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness at Time 3. Results suggest depression symptoms mediate the relationship between autonomy and thwarted belongingness, and autonomy and perceived burdensomeness. This study contributes to understanding how the presence of specific personality traits may lead to depression symptoms, which in turn leads to perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Clinical implications, including assessment of autonomy, and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DeMond M. Grant
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Raymond P. Tucker
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - William V. Lechner
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Adam C. Mills
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Matt R. Judah
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - LaRicka R. Wingate
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Tucker RP, Buchanan CA, O'Keefe VM, Wingate LR. Does the Experience of Interpersonal Predictors of Suicidal Desire Predict Positive Attitudes Toward Physician Assisted Suicide? Omega (Westport) 2014; 69:137-49. [DOI: 10.2190/om.69.2.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the relationship between Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) attitudes and interpersonal risk factors of suicidal desire as outlined by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (Joiner, 2005). It was hypothesized that both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness would be positively related to PAS acceptance. Results indicated that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness predicted significance of favorable attitudes toward PAS in a college sample. Results suggest that attitudes toward PAS may be influenced by the experience of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and provide a clear rationale for the study of these variables in populations more apt to consider hastened death. Future work regarding the application of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in hastened death research is discussed.
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O'Keefe VM, Wingate LR, Tucker RP, Rhoades-Kerswill S, Slish ML, Davidson CL. Interpersonal suicide risk for American Indians: investigating thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2014; 20:61-67. [PMID: 24041264 DOI: 10.1037/a0033540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
American Indians (AIs) experience increased suicide rates compared with other groups in the United States. However, no past studies have examined AI suicide by way of a recent empirically supported theoretical model of suicide. The current study investigated whether AI suicidal ideation can be predicted by two components: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, from the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (T. E. Joiner, 2005, Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). One hundred seventy-one AIs representing 27 different tribes participated in an online survey. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that perceived burdensomeness significantly predicted suicidal ideation above and beyond demographic variables and depressive symptoms; however, thwarted belongingness did not. Additionally, the two-way interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness significantly predicted suicidal ideation. These results provide initial support for continued research on the components of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, an empirically supported theoretical model of suicide, to predict suicidal ideation among AI populations.
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O'Keefe VM, Wingate LR. The role of hope and optimism in suicide risk for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:621-33. [PMID: 23855961 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There are some American Indian/Alaska Native communities that exhibit high rates of suicide. The interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005) posits that lethal suicidal behavior is likely preceded by the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability. Past research has shown that hope and optimism are negatively related to suicidal ideation, some of the constructs in the interpersonal theory of suicide, and suicide risk for the general population. This is the first study to investigate hope and optimism in relation to suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Results showed that hope and optimism negatively predicted thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. However, these results were not found for acquired capability. Overall, this study suggests that higher levels of hope and optimism are associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in this American Indian/Alaska Native sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Keefe
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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