1
|
Escamilla I, Juan N, Benito A, Castellano-García F, Rodríguez-Ruiz F, Haro G. Substance Addiction in Adolescents: Influence of Parenting and Personality Traits. Brain Sci 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38790428 PMCID: PMC11119795 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use in adolescents has been separately related to personality traits and parental socialization styles; in this study, our objective was to study these variables in an integrated way. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in five institutes in a final sample of 331 students, excluding those with gaming disorder. The sample was stratified into three subgroups: 'no addiction', 'low risk', and 'high risk' of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). RESULTS 12.9% of the adolescents presented a low risk of SUD, while 18.3% showed a high risk, with both being older (F = 9.16; p < 0.001) than the no addiction group. Adolescents with high risk scored lower in control and structure variables and higher in maternal and paternal indifference factors. Non-addicted subjects presented higher scores in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower scores in neuroticism. The probability of SUD increased with age (OR = 2.187; p = 0.022), sensation seeking (OR = 1.084; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (OR = 1.049; p = 0.042), while conscientiousness was a protective factor (OR = 0.930; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect that personality traits are directly related to the development of substance abuse in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escamilla
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nerea Juan
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Torrente Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Castellano-García
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Educational Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weobong B, Monk RL, Anyorikeya M, Qureshi AW, Heim D. Factor structure of the alcohol expectancies questionnaire among adolescents in rural Ghana. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:567-578. [PMID: 38183346 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children's early experiences with alcohol inform the development of alcohol-related beliefs which are known to predict alcohol consumption during the critical stage of adolescence. Yet, there has been considerably less research into these alcohol-related cognitions in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and existing measures of these beliefs are highly reflective of Western contexts, which may not be fully appropriate for use in LMICs. The aim is to ascertain the construct validity of the Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ) in a non-Western sample. METHODS A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study involving 500 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years randomly selected from the database of the Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Participants were administered the locally back translated version of the 34-item AEQ. Confirmatory factor analysis using the lavaan package in R was conducted to generate indices for the factor structure of the AEQ. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses showed that while groupings of positive and negative expectancies were similar to those observed when expectancies have been assessed previously in Western studies, these formed a single 'alcohol expectancy' factor. Questions relating to positive tension reduction and negative physical expectancies showed inconsistent responses in this study. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Commonly used tools for the assessment of alcohol expectancies may not be suitable for use in Ghana, possibly owing to their development and validation in Western contexts. These findings have implications for the assessment of alcohol-related beliefs in LMIC settings and begin to map out a research agenda to develop more contextually and culturally attune alcohol assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Weobong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria Anyorikeya
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo Central Municipality, Upper East Region, Ghana
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adam W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
| | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crisafulli MJ, Flori JN, Dunn ME, Dvorak RD. College Student Alcohol Use: Understanding the Role of Alcohol Expectancies, Social Anxiety, Social Connectedness, and Need to Belong. Psychiatry 2023; 87:21-35. [PMID: 38048159 PMCID: PMC11151340 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2023.2286845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveCollege students consume more alcohol and engage in binge drinking more frequently than their non-college attending peers, and prevalence of alcohol-related consequences (e.g., drinking and driving; taking avoidable risks) has not decreased proportionally with decreases in consumption. Social anxiety and alcohol expectancies, or beliefs about the effects of alcohol, have been found to be significantly related to alcohol use and account for significant variance in alcohol use and related consequences. Few studies, however, have examined how other social variables such as need to belong and social connectedness may fit into existing models of increased and risky alcohol use. Methods: Students at a large state university (n = 1,278) completed an online survey measuring alcohol expectancies, need to belong, social anxiety, and social connectedness. Mean age of participants was 19.65 years, and 59.5% self-identified as female, 39.8% male, and 0.7% identified as transgender. Structural equation modeling supported hypothesized relationships between need to belong, social anxiety, social connectedness, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use, a mean centered variable that included binge drinking, drinking frequency, and amount of consumption. Results: Positive alcohol expectancies related to tension reduction, sociability, and sexuality, were positively related to drinking, such that increased alcohol expectancies were associated with increased drinking. Alcohol expectancies mediated the relationship between need to belong and increased alcohol use, as well as social connectedness and increased alcohol use. Similarly, social anxiety also mediated these relationships. No direct relationships were found between need to belong or social connectedness and alcohol use, suggesting previous research exploring these relationships may have excluded control variables (e.g., biological sex, race/ethnicity) that better explain the impact of need to belong and social connectedness on alcohol use. Conclusion: Prevention and intervention efforts might be more effective in reducing alcohol use if social factors are more broadly targeted.
Collapse
|
4
|
Halvorson MA, Lengua LJ, Smith GT, King KM. Pathways of personality and learning risk for addictive behaviors: A systematic review of mediational research on the Acquired Preparedness model. J Pers 2022; 91:613-637. [PMID: 35900782 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Acquired Preparedness (AP) model proposes that impulsive personality traits predispose some individuals to learn certain behavior-outcome associations (expectancies), and that these expectancies in turn influence the escalation of risky behaviors. This theory has been applied to the development of behaviors such as drinking, drug use, gambling, and disordered eating. In the current study, we aimed to summarize empirical tests of this model over the 20 years since it was proposed. METHOD We used a descriptive approach to summarize tests of mediation across 50 studies involving n=21,715 total participants. RESULTS We observed a consistent effect of personality on expectancies (median effect size = .22), of expectancies on behavior (.24), and a small mediated effect (.05) of personality on behavior via expectancies. Impulsive traits that involve positive or negative affect showed the most consistent support for AP, as did positive expectancies. Most studies testing AP focused on alcohol, but research on other behaviors also showed support for AP. CONCLUSIONS The literature appears to support a small mediated effect consistent with the AP model. Future research should continue to clarify which AP pathways are most influential in explaining risky behaviors, and supplement correlational research with experimental and quasi-experimental designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin M King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheung SO, Zhu L, Yu KI. The value of apology in construction dispute negotiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2020.1744797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai On Cheung
- Construction Dispute Resolution Research Unit, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Liuying Zhu
- Construction Dispute Resolution Research Unit, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka In Yu
- Construction Dispute Resolution Research Unit, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T, Matsuzaki F, Metoki H, Obara T, Kuriyama S. Maternal personality and alcohol use during pregnancy in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107020. [PMID: 34166996 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on associations between maternal personality and alcohol use have examined only one time point during pregnancy in Western countries. We aimed to examine the association between maternal personality and alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy in Japan. METHODS We analyzed data from 17,144 pregnant women in Japan who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. Personality was assessed using the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Women were dichotomized as current drinkers or non-drinkers in both early and middle pregnancy. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy and continued alcohol use between early and middle pregnancy were calculated for 1 standard deviation increase in each personality scale, adjusted for age, as well as education, work status, fertility treatment, and parity. RESULTS Higher extraversion scores were associated with alcohol use in early (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20) and middle pregnancy (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.25). Higher psychoticism scores were associated with continued alcohol use into middle pregnancy (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14) and alcohol use in middle pregnancy (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13). Neuroticism was not associated with alcohol use in early or middle pregnancy. Lower lie was associated with alcohol use in early (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98), but not in middle pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Different personality scales are associated with alcohol use at different points during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Merchán-Clavellino A, Salguero-Alcañiz MP, Guil R, Alameda-Bailén JR. Impulsivity, Emotional Intelligence, and Alcohol Consumption in Young People: A Mediation Analysis. Foods 2020; 9:E71. [PMID: 31936411 PMCID: PMC7022743 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption in young people is a public health problem. Due to the harmful consequences and the large population using alcoholic substances, it would be important to determine the biological, psychological, and social factors associated with alcohol use and abuse. The main object of this study is to explore which components of impulsivity, according to the main theoretical models, have predictive power regarding alcohol consumption in young people. A secondary objective is to determine if emotional intelligence has a mediating role between the components of impulsivity and alcohol consumption, and thus specifically contribute to the knowledge about the mediation processes between those variables that are involved in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol consumption. For this purpose, 384 participants were recruited (83.1% females, n = 319), with mean age of 20.46 years (SD = 1.90; range 18-25). All participants were alcohol consumers at the beginning of the study. Data collection was conducted via online survey; impulsivity was evaluated by several questionnaires (Sensation Seeking Scale Form V, Barratt Impulsivity Scales 11, and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward), and emotional intelligence was evaluated by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. The results reveal that the dimension of disinhibition (a dimension of the sensation search scale) significantly has the highest predictive value on alcohol consumption. Moreover, our data show that the total effect and direct effect of disinhibition on frequency of alcohol consumption were both significant. The mediating role of emotional intelligence in this process was also significant. These findings show which variables should be considered to prevent alcohol consumption in young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merchán-Clavellino
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- INDESS (Research Universitary Institute for Sustainable Social Development), University of Cádiz, 11406 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - María Pilar Salguero-Alcañiz
- Basic Psychology Area, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (M.P.S.-A.); (J.R.A.-B.)
| | - Rocío Guil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- INDESS (Research Universitary Institute for Sustainable Social Development), University of Cádiz, 11406 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Alameda-Bailén
- Basic Psychology Area, Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (M.P.S.-A.); (J.R.A.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Satchell LP, Johnson HL, Hudson CA, Harper CA. Dispositional Disinhibition and Alcohol Use Disorders: Personality, Risk Appraisal and Problematic Alcohol Consumption. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:209-217. [PMID: 31847657 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1662809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship between psychopathic personality and problematic alcohol consumption could be important for understanding risk and potential interventions. This existing work on psychopathy and alcohol abuse is typically conducted in criminal and hospitalized populations and little attention has been paid to investigating the general populations' psychopathic personality and problematic consumption of alcohol. The psychopathy-focused Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) and the more general Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality (RST) focus on individual differences related to low self-control and sensation seeking, and could relate to problematic alcohol consumption in non-forensic samples. The current study brings together RST and psychopathic personality traits to predict alcohol use disorders. We hypothesize that impulsivity and anxiety predict problematic alcohol consumption and related risk appraisal. Methods: We analyzed data from a sample of 349 general population participants who had completed measures of the TriPM, RST, alcohol use disorders (AUDIT), and their perceived negative outcomes of high risk behavior with the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events (CARE) measure. Results: We find some evidence that TriPM's disinhibition and RST's anxious personality traits relate to AUDIT scores. We find limited evidence that personality traits predict the negative appraisal of risky events, but alcohol use was related to increased perceptions of the negative outcomes of alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Overall this study shows that individual differences do relate to problematic alcohol consumption but not the appraisal of risks related to alcohol consumption. This has implications for the structuring of intervention for those at-risk of problematic consumption of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Satchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, Winchester, UK
| | - Henry L Johnson
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Brentford, UK
| | | | - Craig A Harper
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen F, Yang H, Bulut O, Cui Y, Xin T. Examining the relation of personality factors to substance use disorder by explanatory item response modeling of DSM-5 symptoms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217630. [PMID: 31194760 PMCID: PMC6563981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper explores how personality factors affect substance use disorders (SUDs) using explanatory item response modeling (EIRM). A total of 606 Chinese illicit drug users participated in our study. After removing the cases with missing values on the covariate measures, a final sample of 573 participants was used for data analysis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was used to measure the illicit drug users’ SUD level. Four personality factors–anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, sensation seeking and hopelessness–along with gender and alcohol use were included in EIRM as person covariates. The results indicated that gender, alcohol use, and their interaction significantly predicted the SUD level. The only personality factor that strongly predicted the SUD level was sensation seeking. In addition, the interaction between gender and hopelessness was also found to be a significant predictor of the SUD level, indicating that the negative effect of hopelessness on SUD is stronger for women than for men. The findings suggest that sensation seeking plays an important role in influencing SUDs, and thus, it should be considered when designing intervention or screening procedures for potential illicit drug users. In addition, several DSM-5 SUD symptoms were found to exhibit differential effects by gender, alcohol use, and personality factors. The possible explanations were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Okan Bulut
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tao Xin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moya-Higueras J, Cuevas A, Marques-Feixa L, Mezquita L, Mayoral M, Fañanás L, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI. Recent Stressful Life Events (SLE) and Adolescent Mental Health: Initial Validation of the LEIA, a New Checklist for SLE Assessment According to Their Severity, Interpersonal, and Dependent Nature. Assessment 2018; 27:1777-1795. [PMID: 30539643 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118817648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to develop and validate a checklist for adolescents, the Life Events Inventory for Adolescents (LEIA), for screening stressful life events (SLEs) of different nature (major-minor, dependent-independent, and personal-interpersonal). The LEIA was administered together with another SLE checklist (Escala de Acontecimientos Vitales [Life Events Scale], EAV), and with measures of life satisfaction and externalizing and internalizing symptoms. The results showed that the kappa and the percentage agreement reliability indices were adequate. Regarding validity evidences, the correlations found between the LEIA and the EAV ranged from .65 to .69, and between the LEIA and the psychopathological symptoms ranged from .26 to .38. Specifically, major dependent noninterpersonal SLEs were the best predictors of externalizing psychopathology; while major independent noninterpersonal SLEs were the best predictors of internalizing symptoms and low life satisfaction. To conclude, the LEIA could be considered an adequate checklist to screen for SLEs in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moya-Higueras
- Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laia Marques-Feixa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - María Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Ortet G, Pilatti A, Pearson MR, Ibáñez MI. Cross-cultural examination of different personality pathways to alcohol use and misuse in emerging adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 192:193-200. [PMID: 30268069 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified different, but not mutually exclusive, etiological pathways (i.e., the positive affect regulation pathway, the negative affect regulation pathway and the deviance proneness pathway) to alcohol use and misuse in which personality characteristics play a key role. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to simultaneously and cross-culturally examine all these personality pathways to alcohol use in a large sample of young adult drinkers (N = 1280) from the US, Argentina, and Spain. METHOD Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the models. Multi-group models were conducted to test model invariance across countries and gender groups. RESULTS In the whole sample, low conscientiousness and extraversion were related to alcohol outcomes through enhancement drinking motives (i.e., positive affect regulation pathway), low emotional stability was related through coping drinking motives (i.e., negative affect regulation pathway), and low conscientiousness and low agreeableness were related through antisocial behavior (i.e., deviance proneness pathway). The model was invariant between gender groups. Some minor, yet significant, differences across countries arose. Specifically, antisocial behavior was a significant mediator of the association between agreeableness and alcohol use, but only in the US subsample. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that risky-personality pathways for alcohol use and alcohol-related problems may be generalized across gender groups and cultures in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI, Unidad Ejecutora CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luchetti M, Sutin AR, Delitala A, Stephan Y, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Masala M, Schlessinger D, Terracciano A. Personality traits and facets linked with self-reported alcohol consumption and biomarkers of liver health. Addict Behav 2018. [PMID: 29525559 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines whether the association between Five Factor Model personality traits and alcohol consumption extends beyond self-report to biomarkers of alcohol consumption. METHODS Community-dwelling adults from Sardinia (N = 5380), Italy, completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and reported on alcohol consumption, while traditional biomarkers of heavy drinking, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were assayed from blood samples. RESULTS Associations between self-report measures were modest but consistent with previous findings on the link between personality and alcohol use. For instance, higher scores on the order and self-discipline facets of conscientiousness were associated with reduced risk of heavy alcohol consumption. Personality was also associated with GGT, though effects were small. Personality was unrelated to other biomarkers of liver health. CONCLUSIONS This study adds multi-method evidence in support of a link between personality and health behaviors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gott AJ, Hetzel-Riggin MD. What Did You Expect? Substance Use Expectancies Mediate the Relationships Between Dark Triad Traits, Substance Use, and Substance Preference. Psychol Rep 2018; 121:831-852. [PMID: 29375030 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118755094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the role of substance use expectancies as mediators between the Dark Triad of personality, substance use, and substance use preferences. A sample of college students ( M = 19.38, SD = 2.63, N = 207) completed an online questionnaire that assessed the Dark Triad traits, substance use history, substance preferences, and substance use expectancies. Three specific substance use expectancies-increased confidence, tension reduction, and cognitive enhancement-were shown to either partially or fully mediate the relationships between the Dark Triad and substance use behaviors and preference for certain substances of abuse. These findings may hold clinical implications for the treatment of substance use disorders and further the understanding of factors contributing to the etiology and progression of substance abuse and substance use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jordan Gott
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Sutin AR. Alcohol use and personality change in middle and older adulthood: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. J Pers 2018; 86:1003-1016. [PMID: 29357105 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality is known to predict alcohol consumption, but how alcohol use is related to personality change is less clear, especially at older ages. The present study examined the effects of level of alcohol consumption and history of dependence on change in the Five-Factor Model personality traits in a national cohort of Americans aged over 50. METHOD Over 10,000 adults who participated in 2006-2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study reported on personality and alcohol use and were followed over 4 years. RESULTS Latent difference score models indicated decreases in Extraversion to be attenuated for individuals categorized as light-to-moderate drinkers at baseline, whereas decreases in Conscientiousness were accentuated by having experienced alcohol dependence symptoms. Moreover, personality difference scores correlated with changes in the amount of alcohol consumed at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with changes in personality across the second half of the life span.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As personality disorder impacts the outcome of most major mental disorders, it would be consistent for it to impact negatively on the outcome of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This update is to provide an up-to-date overview of the recent literature examining the impact of personality disorder and personality traits on the treatment outcome of AUDs. RECENT FINDINGS Comorbidity between personality disorder and AUD is significant and approaches 50%. Patients with AUD and comorbid personality disorder are substantially less likely to remain in treatment, drink more per drinking day and drink more frequently. If retained in treatment, comorbidity does not, however, lead to poorer outcomes. Relapse to drinking is more common in patient with high novelty seeking and lower reward dependence and persistence. Reporting from most studies is of moderate-to-poor quality and a single high-quality study may alter these findings. Landmark alcohol studies are notably quiet on the impact of personality on AUD treatment outcome. SUMMARY Both personality disorder and higher novelty seeking impact negatively on the treatment outcome of AUD. As personality disorder is common in this group, clinicians engaged in AUD treatment should screen for personality disturbance, either disorder or high novelty seeking.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ibáñez MI, Camacho L, Mezquita L, Villa H, Moya-Higueras J, Ortet G. Alcohol Expectancies Mediate and Moderate the Associations between Big Five Personality Traits and Adolescent Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Problems. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1838. [PMID: 26635714 PMCID: PMC4659872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality and expectancies are relevant psychological factors for the development of adolescent alcohol use and misuse. The present study examined their direct, mediated and moderated effects on different drinking behaviors in adolescence. Personality domains of the five-factor model, positive and negative alcohol expectancies (AEs), alcohol use during the week and the weekend, and alcohol-related problems were assessed in a sample of 361 adolescents. Different personality dimensions were directly associated with specific alcohol outcomes: Extraversion, low Conscientiousness and low Openness were associated with weekend alcohol use; low Agreeableness was related to weekday use; whereas low Agreeableness, low Conscientiousness and Extraversion were associated with alcohol-related problems. In addition, positive AEs mediated the relationship between Extraversion and alcohol use, whereas both positive and negative expectancies mediated the association between Neuroticism and alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Finally, both types of expectancies interacted with Extraversion to predict alcohol problems. Our results highlight the importance of examining the complex interplay of comprehensive personality models and AEs to gain a better understanding of the development of different alcohol use and misuse patterns in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Helena Villa
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jorge Moya-Higueras
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana, Spain ; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|