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Freilich CD, Mann FD, Krueger RF. Comparing associations between personality and loneliness at midlife across three cultural groups. J Pers 2023; 91:653-666. [PMID: 35929351 PMCID: PMC9899295 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness represents a public health threat given its central role in predicting adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Prior research has established four of the Big Five personality traits as consistent cross-sectional predictors of loneliness in largely western, White samples. However, it is not clear if the personality predictors of loneliness vary across cultures. METHOD The present study estimates associations between the Big Five traits and loneliness across distinct samples of White American, Black American, and Japanese adults (n = 6051 at T1). Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were used to examine measurement invariance properties of the Big Five and loneliness across these groups. The factor structures were then carried forward to estimate associations between personality and loneliness across two assessments waves using structural equation modeling. RESULTS While Neuroticism was a strong predictor across groups, low Extraversion was more predictive of loneliness in Japan than in the U.S., and low Conscientiousness was only a significant predictor in the U.S. CONCLUSIONS Previous literature offers a framework for interpreting these findings in that loneliness may be shaped comparatively more through interconnectedness in Japanese culture, while, in the U.S., individual goals and personal romantic expectations are more salient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D. Freilich
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, & Preventative Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
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Joshanloo M. Reciprocal relationships between personality traits and psychological well-being. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:54-69. [PMID: 36088531 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study used an American sample collected over a period of approximately 2 decades (at 3 time points) to examine the temporal relationships between psychological well-being and personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience). The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to separate between-person and within-person sources of variation. Between-person correlations were comparable to those of previous studies. New insights were gained at the within-person level. There were reciprocal relationships between psychological well-being and openness and extraversion, suggesting the joint development of plasticity-related traits and well-being over time. The relationships between psychological well-being and conscientiousness and agreeableness were unidirectional, with psychological well-being preceding these traits. Despite a strong between-person association between neuroticism and psychological well-being, the two were not related at the within-person level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Yoshino S, Shimotsukasa T, Oshio A, Hashimoto Y, Ueno Y, Mieda T, Migiwa I, Sato T, Kawamoto S, Soto CJ, John OP. A validation of the Japanese adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2. Front Psychol 2022; 13:924351. [PMID: 36312186 PMCID: PMC9614413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to adapt a Japanese version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2-J) to examine its factor structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. The BFI-2-J assesses five domains and 15 facets of the Big Five personality traits. We analyzed two datasets: 487 Japanese undergraduates and 500 Japanese adults. The results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the domain-facet structure of the BFI-2-J was similar to that of other language versions. The reliability of the BFI-2-J is sufficient. The correlation coefficients between the BFI-2-J and the other Big Five and self-esteem measures supported convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, we confirmed measurement invariance across age and sex groups in domain-level and facet-level models. The results suggest that the BFI-2-J is a good instrument for measuring the Big Five personality traits and their facets in Japan. The BFI-2-J is expected to be useful in Japanese personality research and international comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yoshino
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shinya Yoshino,
| | | | - Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Ueno
- Center for Advanced School Education and Evidence-Based Research (CASEER), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mieda
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ifu Migiwa
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Oliver P. John
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Oropesa Ruiz NF, Mercader Rubio I, Gutiérrez Ángel N, Pérez García MA. Neuroticism and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescence: A Mediation Model Moderate by Negative Affect and Self-Esteem. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:241. [PMID: 35877311 PMCID: PMC9311966 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies have revealed that high scores in neuroticism relate to feelings of guilt, flustering, low self-esteem, and insecurity in relationships with others. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between neuroticism and emotional intelligence in the adolescent stage and try to go one step further in the study of that relationship through the formulation of a moderate mediation model in which negative affect participates as a mediating variable and self-esteem as a moderating variable. METHOD The total number of adolescents amounted to 742, with a very similar sample in both sexes, 45.1% boys and 51.5% girls. They were between 13 and 19 years old (M = 15.63, SD = 1.244) and lived in the province of Almería, Spain. RESULTS First, our main results significantly reflected that the neuroticism personality trait increased negative affect as self-esteem decreased. Second, statistical analyzes showed that the effect of neuroticism on attention and emotional repair was mediated by negative affect, the effect being greater when self-esteem was lower. Therefore, negative affect was presented as a mediating variable in the relationship between neuroticism and attention and emotional repair, with self-esteem acting as a moderating variable in the model. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for professional practice with adolescents, since they highlight the importance of carrying out interventions that contribute to the development of self-esteem in the prevention of neuroticism since these actions can help moderate the effect exerted by the negative affect on emotional attention and repair, improving the emotional intelligence of the adolescent and, therefore, their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Mercader Rubio
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (N.F.O.R.); (M.A.P.G.)
| | - Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (N.F.O.R.); (M.A.P.G.)
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How is Multidimensional Trait Perfectionism Related to Anxiety Across Time in First-Generation Secondary Students? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yildirim D, Vives J, Ballespí S. Meta-mood knowledge moderates the relationship between neuroticism and depression but not between neuroticism and anxiety in a sample of nonclinical adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch shows a strong link between neuroticism and internalizing psychopathology, such as depression and anxiety. However, it is unclear to what extent meta-mood knowledge (i.e., attention to emotion and emotional clarity) plays a role as a moderator in this relationship. To investigate this, we collected data on meta-mood knowledge, personality traits, depression, and anxiety in a sample of adolescents (N = 244; 53.7% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (M = 14.6, SD = 1.7) from Catalonia, Spain. Regarding the relationship between neuroticism and depression, results showed that emotional clarity buffered this relationship. Although attention to emotion did not, the joint moderating effect of attention to emotion and emotional clarity was significant. The results on the four different combinations of attention to emotion and emotional clarity showed that the relationship between neuroticism and depression was strongest for high attention and low clarity, less strong for low attention and low clarity, and even lower for high attention and high clarity. And importantly, these similar patterns of association disappeared at low attention and high clarity. In contrast to the relationship between neuroticism and depression, we found no statistically significant moderating effects for the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety. Based on these results, we argue the importance of examining individual differences in emotion-based cognition and understanding when the benefits of emotional clarity are associated with fewer disadvantages of excessive attention. These results provide preliminary evidence that the combination of low attention and high clarity may be an adaptive version of emotional self-awareness in relation to neuroticism and depression.
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Orth Z, Moosajee F, Van Wyk B. Measuring Mental Wellness of Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Instruments. Front Psychol 2022; 13:835601. [PMID: 35356328 PMCID: PMC8959676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mental health is critical to the healthy development of adolescents. However, mental health encompasses more than the absence of mental illness; and should include indicators of mental wellness. A critical review of available mental wellness instruments for adolescents were conducted to identify operational definitions of mental wellness concepts for this population group. Method A systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2020 was done to identify mental wellness instruments for adolescent populations. The review followed the PRISMA operational steps. Results We identified 2,543 articles from the search strategy and screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. After appraisal, 97 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis; of which, 79 mental wellness instruments were identified. Most studies did not provide a definition for mental wellness. We identified thirteen mental wellness concepts from 97 studies, namely: life satisfaction, mental wellbeing [general], resilience, self-efficacy, self- esteem, connectedness, coping, self-control, mindfulness/spiritual, hope, sense of coherence, happiness, and life purpose. Conclusion The review reflected previous research identifying a lack of consensus around the definitions of mental health, mental wellness, and mental wellbeing. This has implications for developing instruments for adolescents that adequately measure these constructs. Most of the instruments identified in the review were predominantly English and from developed countries. This indicates a need for instrument that are explicitly conceptualised and operationalised for adolescents in all their varied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Orth
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Faranha Moosajee
- Division for Postgraduate Studies, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Brian Van Wyk
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Fischer R, Karl JA. A Primer to (Cross-Cultural) Multi-Group Invariance Testing Possibilities in R. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1507. [PMID: 31379641 PMCID: PMC6657455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychology has become less WEIRD in recent years, marking progress toward becoming a truly global psychology. However, this increase in cultural diversity is not matched by greater attention to cultural biases in research. A significant challenge in culture-comparative research in psychology is that any comparisons are open to possible item bias and non-invariance. Unfortunately, many psychologists are not aware of problems and their implications, and do not know how to best test for invariance in their data. We provide a general introduction to invariance testing and a tutorial of three major classes of techniques that can be easily implemented in the free software and statistical language R. Specifically, we describe (1) confirmatory and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, with extension to exploratory structural equation modeling, and multi-group alignment; (2) iterative hybrid logistic regression as well as (3) exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis with Procrustes rotation. We pay specific attention to effect size measures of item biases and differential item function. Code in R is provided in the main text and online (see https://osf.io/agr5e/), and more extended code and a general introduction to R are available in the Supplementary Materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- School of Psychology and Center for Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology, Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes A. Karl
- School of Psychology and Center for Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology, Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand
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Walters GD, Espelage DL. Exploring the victimization‒early substance misuse relationship: In search of moderating and mediating effects. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:354-365. [PMID: 29793150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to address two research questions. The first research question asked whether physical abuse victimization at the hands of parents/guardians, bullying victimization at the hands of peers, and the abuse x bullying interaction encouraged early involvement in substance misuse. The second research question inquired as to whether the victimization‒substance misuse relationship was mediated by variables proposed by various theories and research studies-specifically, cognitive impulsivity, negative affect, and low self-esteem. A moderated mediation hypothesis was tested in a group of 865 (417 boys, 448 girls) schoolchildren from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence who were 10 to 15 years of age at the time of initial contact. A path analysis performed with three waves of data revealed that physical abuse and bullying victimization predicted substance misuse with mediation by cognitive impulsivity, but there was no evidence of moderation. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that victimization, whether through parental physical abuse or peer bullying, increases cognitive impulsivity, and that cognitive impulsivity, in turn, encourages early involvement in substance misuse. The practical implications of these results are that interventions designed to counter cognitive impulsivity and encourage cognitive control may be effective in preventing children traumatized by physical abuse and bullying from entering the early stages of a drug or substance using lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Walters
- Department of Criminal Justice, Kutztown University, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, 19530-0730, United States.
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Dargie E, Holden RR, Pukall CF. The Vulvar Pain Assessment Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Preliminary Norms, Internal Consistency, and Test-Retest Reliability. J Sex Med 2018; 14:1585-1596. [PMID: 29198513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Vulvar Pain Assessment Questionnaire (VPAQ) was developed to assist in the assessment and diagnosis of chronic vulvar pain (vulvodynia). AIM To further establish the psychometric properties of the VPAQ by examining factor structure, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and scale normative data, and to gather feedback from those with vulvar pain about the usefulness and accessibility of the questionnaire. METHODS 182 participants completed a confidential online study and 70 participated again at time 2 (4 weeks later). OUTCOMES Participants were asked to complete the full VPAQ, which assesses pain characteristics, effects on various parts of their lives, coping strategies used, and romantic partner factors. Additional questions captured sociodemographics and feedback about the instrument. RESULTS Exploratory structural equation modeling indicated that the previously established subscales, except the coping scale, had adequate model fit, and all items loaded significantly onto relevant factors. Pearson product moment correlations (r = 0.57-0.96) established strong 4-week test-retest reliability for most subscale scores, and Cronbach α indicated overall acceptable to high internal consistency (α = 0.56-0.95). Preliminary norms for the scales are supplied. Approximately half the participants reported an increase in their comfort level in discussing a range of topics after completing the VPAQ. Most participants reported that the length, readability, and range of VPAQ questions were "good" or "excellent." CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of this study provide further justification for using the VPAQ scales in clinical and research settings, preliminary norms for a vulvar pain population, and suggestions for interpretation. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This study established the psychometric properties of the VPAQ scales using multiple methods at 2 time points and gathered feedback from participants. However, data were collected online so diagnoses could not be confirmed and more than half the initial sample did not complete the survey at time 2. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that most VPAQ subscales (except the coping subscale) have moderate to strong psychometric properties and that the VPAQ is user friendly. Dargie E, Holden RR, Pukall CF. The Vulvar Pain Assessment Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Preliminary Norms, Internal Consistency, and Test-Retest Reliability. J Sex Med 2017;14:1585-1596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Dargie
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald R Holden
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Hsu HY, Hsu TL, Lee K, Wolff L. Evaluating the Construct Validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282916652756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). The data were drawn from the national survey of Midlife in the United States conducted during 1994 and 1995. Measurement models assuming different number of factors (1-6 factors) and considering the effect of negatively wording items were specified and compared to determine optimal number of underlying factors. The discriminant validity was assessed following Farrell’s suggestions. The results showed the discriminant validity was questionable due to five indicators with considerable cross-loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tze-Li Hsu
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - KoFan Lee
- University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Lori Wolff
- University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Abstract
Emotion regulation plays an important role in both healthy and problematic adolescent psychological functioning. Emotion regulation tendencies can be assessed with the Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010), but its validity in Dutch speaking adolescents has not been investigated so far. Two methods, namely traditional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the recently developed exploratory structural equations modeling (ESEM), were compared to examine the dimensional structure of the ASQ in a Flemish adolescent sample (N = 1,601). Although, as expected, the ESEM-model fit the data better than the CFA-model, the fit indices indicated that both models did not have an acceptable fit. With a shortened version of the ASQ, model fit improved substantially, but only the ESEM solution provided a good fit. The ESEM results support the use of the adapted ASQ to effectively assess the affective styles of concealing, adjusting and tolerating in Dutch-speaking adolescents.
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Bexelius TS, Olsson C, Järnbert-Pettersson H, Parmskog M, Ponzer S, Dahlin M. Association between personality traits and future choice of specialisation among Swedish doctors: a cross-sectional study. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:441-6. [PMID: 26864310 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' choice of their future specialty is influenced by several factors, including working conditions and type of patient relations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the choice of specialty and personality traits. METHODS This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 399 alumni from Karolinska Institutet Medical School who were assumed to undergo specialty training at the time of the survey in 2013. The Big Five Inventory was used to assess the personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Medical specialties were categorised as primary care, psychiatry, internal medicine and surgical and hospital service specialties. Adjustments were made for demographic factors and the method of selection for medical school admission. RESULTS The response rate was 72% (n=289, of which 262 were in training to become specialists). Among these, surgeons scored lower in agreeableness than physicians in primary care, internal medicine and hospital services. Psychiatrists and hospital service physicians showed lower conscientiousness compared with surgeons. CONCLUSIONS We found distinctive differences in personality traits between medical specialties even after adjusting for other potential explanatory variables. Since there are differences between specialties, for example, surgeons and psychiatrists, this supports previous findings that personality may affect medical students' specialty choice also in a Swedish setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas S Bexelius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Olsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Parmskog
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Ponzer
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Dahlin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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