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Yamashita J, Takimoto Y, Oishi H, Kumada T. How do personality traits modulate real-world gaze behavior? Generated gaze data shows situation-dependent modulations. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1144048. [PMID: 38268808 PMCID: PMC10805946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1144048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
It has both scientific and practical benefits to substantiate the theoretical prediction that personality (Big Five) traits systematically modulate gaze behavior in various real-world (working) situations. Nevertheless, previous methods that required controlled situations and large numbers of participants failed to incorporate real-world personality modulation analysis. One cause of this research gap is the mixed effects of individual attributes (e.g., the accumulated attributes of age, gender, and degree of measurement noise) and personality traits in gaze data. Previous studies may have used larger sample sizes to average out the possible concentration of specific individual attributes in some personality traits, and may have imposed control situations to prevent unexpected interactions between these possibly biased individual attributes and complex, realistic situations. Therefore, we generated and analyzed real-world gaze behavior where the effects of personality traits are separated out from individual attributes. In Experiment 1, we successfully provided a methodology for generating such sensor data on head and eye movements for a small sample of participants who performed realistic nonsocial (data-entry) and social (conversation) work tasks (i.e., the first contribution). In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effectiveness of generated gaze behavior for real-world personality modulation analysis. We successfully showed how openness systematically modulates the autocorrelation coefficients of sensor data, reflecting the period of head and eye movements in data-entry and conversation tasks (i.e., the second contribution). We found different openness modulations in the autocorrelation coefficients from the generated sensor data of the two tasks. These modulations could not be detected using real sensor data because of the contamination of individual attributes. In conclusion, our method is a potentially powerful tool for understanding theoretically expected, systematic situation-specific personality modulation of real-world gaze behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yamashita
- NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takimoto
- NTT Human Informatics Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruo Oishi
- NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Wang W, Kofler L, Lindgren C, Lobel M, Murphy A, Tong Q, Pickering K. AI for Psychometrics: Validating Machine Learning Models in Measuring Emotional Intelligence with Eye-Tracking Techniques. J Intell 2023; 11:170. [PMID: 37754899 PMCID: PMC10532593 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11090170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AI, or artificial intelligence, is a technology of creating algorithms and computer systems that mimic human cognitive abilities to perform tasks. Many industries are undergoing revolutions due to the advances and applications of AI technology. The current study explored a burgeoning field-Psychometric AI, which integrates AI methodologies and psychological measurement to not only improve measurement accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness but also help reduce human bias and increase objectivity in measurement. Specifically, by leveraging unobtrusive eye-tracking sensing techniques and performing 1470 runs with seven different machine-learning classifiers, the current study systematically examined the efficacy of various (ML) models in measuring different facets and measures of the emotional intelligence (EI) construct. Our results revealed an average accuracy ranging from 50-90%, largely depending on the percentile to dichotomize the EI scores. More importantly, our study found that AI algorithms were powerful enough to achieve high accuracy with as little as 5 or 2 s of eye-tracking data. The research also explored the effects of EI facets/measures on ML measurement accuracy and identified many eye-tracking features most predictive of EI scores. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Liat Kofler
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Chapman Lindgren
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Lobel
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amanda Murphy
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Qiwen Tong
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Kemar Pickering
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Cortes PM, García-Hernández JP, Iribe-Burgos FA, Guevara MA, Hernández-González M. Effects of emotional congruency and task complexity on decision-making. Cogn Process 2023; 24:161-171. [PMID: 36862269 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The heuristic approach to decision-making holds that the selection process becomes more efficient when part of the information available is ignored. One element involved in selecting information is emotional valence. If emotional congruency is related to simplified decision-making strategies, then the interaction of this factor with task complexity should exist. The present study explored how factors of this nature influence decision-making efficiency. We hypothesized that emotional congruency would have a positive effect on task execution and that the magnitude of that effect would increase with greater task complexity because in that condition the amount of information to be processed is greater, meaning that a heuristic approach to the problem would be more efficient. We design a decision in browser decision-making task in which participants had to select emotional images to gain points. Depending on the correlation between emotional valence and in-task image value, we defined three emotional congruency conditions: direct, null, and inverse. Our results show that distinct types of emotional congruency have differential effects on behavior. While direct congruency-enhanced overall decision-making performance, inverse congruency interacted with task complexity to modify the pace at which task feedback affected behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Manuel Cortes
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos-Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo García-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos-Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Alejandra Iribe-Burgos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos-Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Guevara
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos-Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo 180, Col. Arcos-Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Lea R, Davis SK, Mahoney B, Qualter P. Do emotionally intelligent adolescents flourish or flounder under pressure? Linking emotional intelligence to stress regulation mechanisms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Suslow T, Hoepfel D, Günther V, Kersting A, Bodenschatz CM. Positive attentional bias mediates the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and trait affect. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20733. [PMID: 36456618 PMCID: PMC9715682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional intelligence and, in particular, the component emotion regulation may increase well-being and improve mood and coping with negative emotions. In the present eye-tracking study, we examined whether attention allocation to positive stimuli mediates the relationship between emotion regulation abilities and trait affect. Gaze behavior of 104 healthy adults was analyzed in a free-viewing task, in which happy, sad, angry, and neutral faces were shown simultaneously for ten seconds. Dwell time on facial expressions was used as indicator of attention allocation. Trait emotional intelligence was assessed using the Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale. Self-report measures of state and trait positive and negative affect, trait anxiety, and depression were administered. In general, participants viewed longer at happy than at negative or neutral faces. The results of mediation analyses indicated that intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation abilities were indirectly related to trait positive affect through attention to happy faces. Moreover, dwell time on happy faces had a mediating effect on the relationship between interpersonal emotion regulation ability and trait anxiety. Preference for positive social signals might form one attentional pathway through which emotion regulation abilities promote positive mood and buffer the development of anxiety reactions in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Suslow
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Hoepfel
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vivien Günther
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlott Maria Bodenschatz
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Domain-Specific Creativity: The Mediating Role of Resilience and the Moderating Effects of Gratitude. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10040115. [PMID: 36547502 PMCID: PMC9788310 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity incorporates both domain-general and domain-specific ideas. While previous studies have explored the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on creativity in both domains, a consensus has not been reached, and the mechanism is currently unclear. In the present study, we examined which aspect of creativity EI was most strongly associated with in a group of undergraduates. Moreover, we explored the moderated mediation effect between EI and domain-specific creativity. In Study 1, 532 undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring EI, convergent and divergent creative thinking, and creative achievement. The results revealed that the most reliable positive correlations were between EI and domain-specific creativity. In Study 2, 926 undergraduates completed measurements of EI, resilience, gratitude, and creative achievement. The results revealed that resilience mediates the relationship between EI and creative achievement. Furthermore, gratitude moderated the indirect effect of EI on creative achievement through resilience. The indirect effect of EI on creative achievement was stronger for high-gratitude individuals than for low-gratitude individuals. This orientation and other results are discussed. Overall, our findings add further nuance to the relationship between EI and creativity in different domains. This study serves as a basis for other contributions aligned with these concepts.
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Johnson KVA, Steenbergen L. Gut feelings: vagal stimulation reduces emotional biases. Neuroscience 2022; 494:119-131. [PMID: 35550161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The vagus nerve is a key physical constituent of the gut-brain axis. Increasing attention has recently been paid to the role that the gut, and the microorganisms inhabiting it, play in emotion and cognition. Animal studies have revealed the importance of the vagus nerve in mediating communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, resulting in changes in emotional behaviour. This has renewed interest in understanding the role of vagal signalling in human emotion, particularly since human studies have also shown that alterations in gut microbiome composition can affect emotion. While stimulating the vagus nerve can help treat some cases of severe depression, here we investigate whether vagal afferent signalling can influence emotional processing in healthy subjects. We use the dot-probe task to determine the effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on attentional biases towards emotional stimuli in 42 volunteers. Participants received both active and sham treatments using a within-subject design. We show that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces the emotional bias towards faces expressing sadness and happiness, indicating a decrease in emotional reactivity. While our novel findings reveal the effect that vagal signalling can have on emotional biases in healthy subjects, future studies should seek to develop our understanding of the ways in which the microbiome interacts with, and stimulates, the vagus nerve. Since we find a reduction in emotional bias, most notably towards sadness, this may partly account for the effective use of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. While its clinical application currently involves surgical stimulation, our results support the potential benefit of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a non-invasive, intermittent adjunctive therapy for patients with depression given its frequent association with emotional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina V A Johnson
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
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8
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Cong W, Li P. The Relationship Between EFL Learners' Communication Apprehension, Self-Efficacy, and Emotional Intelligence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:847383. [PMID: 35222220 PMCID: PMC8866950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that the success or failure of language learning is influenced by psychological processes in learners' minds. This review attempted to review the related studies on the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' emotional intelligence, communication apprehension, and self-efficacy. Few studies have been done on the correlation between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. A positive significant correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy has been confirmed in the literature. Studies have shown that interpersonal relationships, self-awareness, problem-solving skills, self-adequacy, self-confidence, self-actualization, and stress tolerance can act as mediator variables in the correlation between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence among EFL learners. Moreover, the related studies have shown that emotional intelligence is significantly correlated with communication apprehension. The investigations have accentuated the mediating role of learners' willingness to communicate and academic achievement in the correlation between emotional intelligence and communication apprehension. The correlation between communication apprehension and self-efficacy has been verified in the related literature. Finally, the pedagogical implications are expanded to foster language learning quality. This review also provides some suggestions for further research to elucidate our viewpoints over emotional variables and their interactions with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Cong
- School of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- School of Teacher Education, Lishui University, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Pengcheng Li
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9
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Laméris DW, Verspeek J, Eens M, Stevens JMG. Social and nonsocial stimuli alter the performance of bonobos during a pictorial emotional Stroop task. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23356. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daan W. Laméris
- Department of Biology Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Antwerp ZOO Centre for Research & Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA) Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jonas Verspeek
- Department of Biology Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Antwerp ZOO Centre for Research & Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA) Antwerp Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department of Biology Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jeroen M. G. Stevens
- Department of Biology Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Antwerp ZOO Centre for Research & Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA) Antwerp Belgium
- SALTO, Agro‐ and Biotechnology, Odisee University College Brussels Belgium
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Taherian T, Fazilatfar AM, Mazdayasna G. Joint Growth Trajectories of Trait Emotional Intelligence Subdomains Among L2 Language Learners: Estimating a Second-Order Factor-of-Curves Model With Emotion Perception. Front Psychol 2021; 12:720945. [PMID: 34589027 PMCID: PMC8473697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the developmental dynamics of trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and its subdomains during English as a foreign language (EFL) learning in a longitudinal study. A sample of 309 EFL learners (217 females, 92 males) was used to assess the trajectories of the global factor of TEI and the parallel development of the TEI subdomains over 1 year in the context of the EFL classroom using parallel process modeling (PPM) and factor of curve modeling (FCM). Additionally, emotion perception (EP) was used as a distal outcome to investigate how growth parameters, including intercept and slope factors in a TEI-FCM, influence the distal outcome of EP. The results revealed that there was sufficient inter-individual variation and intra-individual trends within each subdomain and a significant increase over time across the four subdomains. Additionally, concerning the covariances within and among the subdomains of TEI, the PPM results revealed moderate to high associations between the intercept and slope growth factors within and between these subdomains. Finally, regarding the direct association of the global growth factors (intercept and slope) of TEI on EP, the results indicated that the intercept and slope of global TEI were associated with EP (γ0 = 1.127, p < 0.001; γ1 = 0.321, p < 0.001). Specifically, the intercepts and slopes of emotionality and sociability turned out to be significantly linked to EP (γ03 = 1.311, p < 0.001; γ13 = 0.684, p < 0.001; γ04 = 0.497, p < 0.001; γ14 = 0.127, p < 0.001). These results suggest the dynamicity of TEI during learning a foreign language are discussed in this study in light of the potential variables associated with TEI and its related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Taherian
- Department of English Language and Literature, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Golnar Mazdayasna
- Department of English Language and Literature, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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Prajapati V, Guha R, Routray A. Multimodal prediction of trait emotional intelligence-Through affective changes measured using non-contact based physiological measures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254335. [PMID: 34242354 PMCID: PMC8270480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inability to efficiently deal with emotionally laden situations, often leads to poor interpersonal interactions. This adversely affects the individual's psychological functioning. A higher trait emotional intelligence (EI) is not only associated with psychological wellbeing, educational attainment, and job-related success, but also with willingness to seek professional and non-professional help for personal-emotional problems, depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, it is important to identify low (EI) individuals who are more prone to mental health problems than their high EI counterparts, and give them the appropriate EI training, which will aid in preventing the onset of various mood related disorders. Since people may be unaware of their level of EI/emotional skills or may tend to fake responses in self-report questionnaires in high stake situations, a system that assesses EI using physiological measures can prove affective. We present a multimodal method for detecting the level of trait Emotional intelligence using non-contact based autonomic sensors. To our knowledge, this is the first work to predict emotional intelligence level from physiological/autonomic (cardiac and respiratory) response patterns to emotions. Trait EI of 50 users was measured using Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) along with their cardiovascular and respiratory data, which was recorded using FMCW radar sensor both at baseline and while viewing affective movie clips. We first examine relationships between users' Trait EI scores and autonomic response and reactivity to the clips. Our analysis suggests a significant relationship between EI and autonomic response and reactivity. We finally attempt binary EI level detection using linear SVM. We also attempt to classify each sub factor of EI, namely-perception of emotion, managing own emotions, managing other's emotions, and utilization of emotions. The proposed method achieves an EI classification accuracy of 84%, while accuracies ranging from 58 to 76% is achieved for recognition of the sub factors. This is the first step towards identifying EI of an individual purely through physiological responses. Limitation and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Prajapati
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Guha
- Centre for Education Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Aurobinda Routray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Simonet DV, Miller KE, Askew KL, Sumner KE, Mortillaro M, Schlegel K. How Multidimensional Is Emotional Intelligence? Bifactor Modeling of Global and Broad Emotional Abilities of the Geneva Emotional Competence Test. J Intell 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33807593 PMCID: PMC8006218 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing upon multidimensional theories of intelligence, the current paper evaluates if the Geneva Emotional Competence Test (GECo) fits within a higher-order intelligence space and if emotional intelligence (EI) branches predict distinct criteria related to adjustment and motivation. Using a combination of classical and S-1 bifactor models, we find that (a) a first-order oblique and bifactor model provide excellent and comparably fitting representation of an EI structure with self-regulatory skills operating independent of general ability, (b) residualized EI abilities uniquely predict criteria over general cognitive ability as referenced by fluid intelligence, and (c) emotion recognition and regulation incrementally predict grade point average (GPA) and affective engagement in opposing directions, after controlling for fluid general ability and the Big Five personality traits. Results are qualified by psychometric analyses suggesting only emotion regulation has enough determinacy and reliable variance beyond a general ability factor to be treated as a manifest score in analyses and interpretation. Findings call for renewed, albeit tempered, research on EI as a multidimensional intelligence and highlight the need for refined assessment of emotional perception, understanding, and management to allow focused analyses of different EI abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Simonet
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Kevin L. Askew
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Kenneth E. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (K.L.A.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Marcello Mortillaro
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Katja Schlegel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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Physical Self-Concept Changes in Adults and Older Adults: Influence of Emotional Intelligence, Intrinsic Motivation and Sports Habits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041711. [PMID: 33578889 PMCID: PMC7916707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lifespan is increasing globally as never before, and leading to an aging world population. Thus, the challenge for society and individuals is now how to live these years in the best possible health and wellbeing. Despite the benefits of physical activity for both are well documented, older people are not active enough. Physical self-concept is correlated with high levels of sports practice, although its evolution across one’s life span is not clear. The aim of this research has been to analyze the physical self-concept in older adults and its relationship with emotional intelligence, motivation and sports habits. The sample of 520 adults aged between 41 and 80 was clustered in ranges of age; 70.96% were men (n = 369; 57.34 years (SD: 7.97)) and 29.04% women (n = 151; age = 55.56 years (SD: 9.12)). Questionnaires adapted to Spanish were used to measure physical self-concept (Physical Self-Perception Profile), motivation (Sport Motivation Scale), and emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale). Regarding physical self-concept, the youngest group obtained the highest mean values and the oldest group the lowest. Physical self-concept correlated positively with emotional regulation and intrinsic motivation. Initiation to sports in childhood, the practice of sports activities for more than 150’ per week, and the practice of three or more sports, were associated with a higher score of physical self-concept. The findings reveal that physical self-concept declines in older adults, slightly at first, and sharply between 71 and 80 years, being intrinsic motivation, emotional regulation, and sports habits, factors to consider in favoring a positive physical self-concept and adherence to sporting activities.
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Cabras C, Mondo M, Diana A, Sechi C. Relationships between Trait Emotional Intelligence, mood states, and future orientation among female Italian victims of Intimate Partner Violence. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05538. [PMID: 33294683 PMCID: PMC7695952 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been associated with psychological outcomes in many conditions; however, it has received little attention in the field of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). We explored the relationship between trait EI, mood states, and future orientation in a sample of Italian women victims of IPV. Method We recruited 409 help-seeking women who were victims of IPV. They completed the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Positive Affect-Negative Affect Schedule, Long-Term Personal Direction Scale, and Achievability of Future Goals Scale. Results The results showed that trait EI was associated with the future orientation of IPV victims both directly and indirectly through the mood states. Conclusions Our findings suggest potential paths for developing future psychoeducation methodologies designed at improving the quality of life of women IPV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cabras
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marina Mondo
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelica Diana
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Sechi
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via is Mirrionis 1, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence during Adolescence: Sex Differences, Connection with other Variables, and Predictors. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2020; 10:899-914. [PMID: 34542518 PMCID: PMC8314288 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores Intrapersonal Emotional Intelligence (IEI) with the objectives of: (1) analyzing possible differences due to sex and age, and the request for psychological assistance for behavioral and emotional problems; (2) finding evidence of personality traits, social behaviors, and parental socialization styles that are characteristic of adolescents with low IEI; and (3) identifying variables that predict high IEI. The sample comprised 2283 participants aged 12-17 years from the Basque Country (northern Spain). Results: (1) Females had greater emotional attention capacity but there were no sex differences in emotional comprehension and emotion regulation; (2) adolescents aged 12-14 showed higher scores in comprehension and emotion regulation than those aged 15-17; (3) adolescents who consulted a psychologist for problems (anxiety, depression, violence, etc.) had lower emotion regulation; (4) adolescents with low IEI had less empathy, self-esteem, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and responsibility, and lower use of cooperative and passive conflict-resolution strategies, and their parents had a low level of acceptance-affection towards their children. They also engaged in more bullying/cyberbullying and antisocial behaviors. (5) High IEI predictor variables were: using cooperative conflict-resolution strategies; traits such as extroversion, responsibility, openness, and empathy; and a high level of maternal acceptance-affection. The work identifies relevant variables for designing intervention programs and shows the importance of promoting IEI and interpersonal emotional intelligence as a factor in the development and prevention of bullying/cyberbullying.
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16
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Bujanow A, Bodenschatz CM, Szymanska M, Kersting A, Vulliez-Coady L, Suslow T. The relationship between dispositional attention to feelings and visual attention to emotion. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109882. [PMID: 32027919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Attention to feelings is a core dimension of individual differences in the perception of one's emotions. It concerns the frequency with which own emotions are attended to. The aim of the present eye-tracking investigation was to examine the relationship of dispositional attention to feelings with early and late attentional processes in the visual perception of emotional information. Attentional orientation was assessed in a sample of healthy women (N = 91) using eye-tracking during a free viewing task in which images with positive, negative and neutral content were shown simultaneously. Pictures were taken from the Besançon Affective Picture Set. State and trait affect, depression, and intelligence of participants were controlled. In our sample, attention to feelings was not related to positive affect, negative affect, depression or intelligence. Attention to feelings was negatively correlated with entry times for all emotional picture types. Moreover, attention to feelings was positively correlated with dwell time on positive images and negatively correlated with dwell time on neutral images. Our data indicate that devoting habitually attention to one's feelings is linked to an enhanced initial orientation of attention towards emotional scenes, irrespective of affective valence. Dispositional attention to feelings might also be associated with an attentional preference for emotional over neutral visual stimuli. The present findings on general individual differences in attention to feelings could have important implications for future clinical research on attentional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bujanow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Monika Szymanska
- Neurosciences Lab, EA481, UBFC, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Besançon, France
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lauriane Vulliez-Coady
- Neurosciences Lab, EA481, UBFC, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Besançon, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Regional Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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17
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Pérez-González JC, Saklofske DH, Mavroveli S. Editorial: Trait Emotional Intelligence: Foundations, Assessment, and Education. Front Psychol 2020; 11:608. [PMID: 32362855 PMCID: PMC7180316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Pérez-González
- Emotional Education Laboratory (EDUEMO Lab), Faculty of Education, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stella Mavroveli
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Piqueras JA, Salvador MDC, Soto-Sanz V, Mira F, Pérez-González JC. Strengths Against Psychopathology in Adolescents: Ratifying the Robust Buffer Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030804. [PMID: 32012879 PMCID: PMC7037399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to unravel the interrelated effects of trait emotional intelligence (Trait EI), mindfulness, and irrational beliefs on adolescent mental health. A random sample of students from three secondary schools in Spain and eight secondary schools in Portugal was recruited. We conducted four-step hierarchical regression analyses. We also conducted regression analyses to examine the role of mindfulness skills and catastrophizing as mediators of the link between emotional intelligence and psychosocial problems. Finally, the SPSS PROCESS computing tool was used to perform conditional process analysis (model 6). A total of 1370 adolescents from Spain (n = 591) and Portugal (n = 779) participated in this study (mean age = 14.97, SD = 1.50; range = 12-18). The mediation analyses confirmed that adolescent mental health was determined by Trait EI directly, and by mindfulness skills and catastrophizing thoughts in an indirect way. Together, the four variables explained 44% of psychopathology, with EI being the most powerful predictor, which ratify the robust buffer role and incremental validity of Trait EI against youth mental health. The identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; (J.A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria do Céu Salvador
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-115, Portugal;
| | - Victoria Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; (J.A.P.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-966-658-343
| | - Francisco Mira
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Campus of Elche, Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; (J.A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Juan-Carlos Pérez-González
- Emotional Education Laboratory (EDUEMO Lab), National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Are Emotionally Intelligent People More Creative? A Meta-Analysis of the Emotional Intelligence–Creativity Link. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11216123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although emotional intelligence (EI) is positively associated with beneficial outcomes such as higher job performance and better psychological well-being, its relationship with creativity is uncertain. To assess an overall correlation between EI and creativity, in the present study a meta-analysis of 96 correlations obtained from 75 studies with a total sample size of 18,130 was conducted. The results uncovered a statistically significant moderate correlation (r = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.26–0.38, p < 0.01) between these two constructs. Moderation analyses revealed that the link was modulated by the type of creativity/EI measure and sample characteristics, such as gender, employment status, and culture. Specifically, the link was stronger when EI and creativity were measured using subjective reports (EI: trait EI; creativity: creative behavior and creative personality) compared to objective tests (EI: ability EI; creativity: divergent thinking test, remote associate test, and creative product). In addition, the link was stronger in males compared to females, in employees compared to students, and in East Asian samples compared to Western European and American samples. Theoretical implications and future directions are discussed in detail.
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20
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Li C, Xu J. Trait Emotional Intelligence and Classroom Emotions: A Positive Psychology Investigation and Intervention Among Chinese EFL Learners. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2453. [PMID: 31736840 PMCID: PMC6834770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between emotional intelligence (EI) and negative emotions, especially anxiety, has been investigated in different educational contexts including second/foreign language (L2) learning contexts. However, the link between EI and positive emotions remains underexplored, despite the growing interest of second language acquisition (SLA) researchers in positive emotions, motivated by the Positive Psychology (PP) movement. Grounded on PP theories, a correlational and experimental investigation was conducted on EI and two typical L2 classroom emotions, namely Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE) and Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). For the correlational study, questionnaires were administered to 1,718 English learners from three high schools in China. Statistical results showed medium correlations among students' EI, FLE, and FLA. In the intervention study, a pre-test, treatment and post-test design was adopted. A six-week PP-based EI intervention ("ARGUER" training model in class and the "three activities" of PP in diary) was conducted in the experiment class of 56 students, while not in the control class of 52 students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five students in the experimental class and their English teacher. ANCOVA test results and qualitative findings indicated that the EI intervention was effective in improving EI, boosting more positive classroom emotions and alleviating negative classroom emotions. The findings in both the correlational and intervention studies are discussed in combination with previous studies. We also further address their theoretical and practical implications for L2 education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinfen Xu
- School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Smith R, Alkozei A, Killgore WDS. Parameters as Trait Indicators: Exploring a Complementary Neurocomputational Approach to Conceptualizing and Measuring Trait Differences in Emotional Intelligence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:848. [PMID: 31057467 PMCID: PMC6482169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current assessments of trait emotional intelligence (EI) rely on self-report inventories. While this approach has seen considerable success, a complementary approach allowing objective assessment of EI-relevant traits would provide some potential advantages. Among others, one potential advantage is that it would aid in emerging efforts to assess the brain basis of trait EI, where self-reported competency levels do not always match real-world behavior. In this paper, we review recent experimental paradigms in computational cognitive neuroscience (CCN), which allow behavioral estimates of individual differences in range of parameter values within computational models of neurocognitive processes. Based on this review, we illustrate how several of these parameters appear to correspond well to EI-relevant traits (i.e., differences in mood stability, stress vulnerability, self-control, and flexibility, among others). In contrast, although estimated objectively, these parameters do not correspond well to the optimal performance abilities assessed within competing “ability models” of EI. We suggest that adapting this approach from CCN—by treating parameter value estimates as objective trait EI measures—could (1) provide novel research directions, (2) aid in characterizing the neural basis of trait EI, and (3) offer a promising complementary assessment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anna Alkozei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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22
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Lea RG, Davis SK, Mahoney B, Qualter P. Does Emotional Intelligence Buffer the Effects of Acute Stress? A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:810. [PMID: 31057453 PMCID: PMC6478766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
People with higher levels of emotional intelligence (EI: adaptive emotional traits, skills, and abilities) typically achieve more positive life outcomes, such as psychological wellbeing, educational attainment, and job-related success. Although the underpinning mechanisms linking EI with those outcomes are largely unknown, it has been suggested that EI may work as a "stress buffer." Theoretically, when faced with a stressful situation, emotionally intelligent individuals should show a more adaptive response than those with low EI, such as reduced reactivity (less mood deterioration, less physiological arousal), and faster recovery once the threat has passed. A growing number of studies have begun to investigate that hypothesis in respect to EI measured as both an ability (AEI) and trait (TEI), but results are unclear. To test the "stress-buffering" function of EI, we systematically reviewed experimental studies that explored the relationship between both types of EI and acute stress reactivity or recovery. By searching four databases, we identified 45 eligible studies. Results indicated that EI was only adaptive in certain contexts, and that findings differed according to stressor type, and how EI was measured. In terms of stress reactivity, TEI related to less mood deterioration during sports-based stressors (e.g., competitions), physical discomfort (e.g., dental procedure), and cognitive stressors (e.g., memory tasks), but did not appear as helpful in other contexts (e.g., public speaking). Furthermore, effects of TEI on physiological stress responses, such as heart rate, were inconsistent. Effects of AEI on subjective and objective stress reactivity were often non-significant, with high levels detrimental in some cases. However, data suggest that both higher AEI and TEI relate to faster recovery from acute stress. In conclusion, results provide mixed support for the stress-buffering effect of EI. Limitations and quality of studies are also discussed. Findings could have implications for EI training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna G Lea
- School of Psychology, College of Business, Psychology and Sport, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah K Davis
- School of Psychology, College of Business, Psychology and Sport, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Bérénice Mahoney
- School of Psychology, College of Business, Psychology and Sport, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Qualter
- School of Environment, Education and Development, Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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23
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Jokić B, Purić D. Relating Rational and Experiential Thinking Styles With Trait Emotional Intelligence in Broader Personality Space. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 15:140-158. [PMID: 30915178 PMCID: PMC6396701 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v15i1.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The usual distinction between rational and intuitive thinking styles is still a subject of scientific debate, as there is no consensus about their nature, mutual relations and relations to other personality constructs. Cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) proposes rational and experiential thinking styles as original personality constructs not fully explainable by five-factor personality models. Following CEST, we aimed to examine: 1. The uniqueness of rational and experiential dimensions by relating them to other personality constructs: trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and HEXACO; 2. Thinking style profiles defined through combined rational and experiential dimensions, and the possible role of TEI in understanding them. A total of 270 undergraduate students (82% females) completed the TEIQue-SF, REI-40, and HEXACO-PI-R. Our results showed that constructs from all three paradigms were low to moderately correlated to each other. TEI had incremental validity in explaining both rational and experiential dimensions, but large amounts of their variances remained unexplained by both TEI and HEXACO. We revealed four thinking style profiles defined through combined rational and experiential dimensions. TEI was the highest when both dimensions were high and the lowest when both were low, which could be related to processes of understanding and managing emotional functioning – proposed as an essential part of TEI, while within CEST they are seen as the way in which rationality influences experientiality. This finding might be of specific significance for understanding irrationality as not exclusively related to high intuition, but to low rationality as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Jokić
- Center for Study in Cultural Development, Belgrade, Serbia.,Social Psychology Laboratory, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danka Purić
- Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Kumar JA, Muniandy B, Wan Yahaya WAJ. Exploring the effects of emotional design and emotional intelligence in multimedia-based learning: an engineering educational perspective. NEW REV HYPERMEDIA M 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13614568.2019.1596169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeya Amantha Kumar
- Centre for Instructional Technology and Multimedia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Balakrishnan Muniandy
- School of Education, Languages and Communications, Wawasan Open University, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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25
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Piqueras JA, Mateu-Martínez O, Cejudo J, Pérez-González JC. Pathways Into Psychosocial Adjustment in Children: Modeling the Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence, Social-Emotional Problems, and Gender. Front Psychol 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 30915003 PMCID: PMC6423078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait Emotional intelligence (Trait EI) can be understood as a personality trait related to individual differences in recognition, processing, and the regulation of emotionally charged information. Trait EI has been considered a variable of great importance in determining psychosocial adjustment. However, most research on Trait EI has focused on adult and adolescent populations, while very few studies have explored its influence on children. The aim of this study was to analyze possible pathways into psychosocial adjustment in children by examining the combined effects of Trait EI and emotional and social problems. It also aimed to assess the possible mediating role of gender in this relationship. A total of 268 Spanish children participated in this study, ranging in age from 8 to 12 years (mean age = 10.09, SD = 1.32, 45.10% male). Selected measures were applied through a web-based survey called DetectaWeb. The regression and mediation/moderation analyses confirmed that psychosocial adjustment in children was determined by Trait EI directly and by emotional and social problems in an indirect way. Together, the three variables explained 46% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, although Trait EI was the most powerful predictor (44%), demonstrating incremental validity over and above social and emotional problems. In addition, gender was shown to be a moderating variable between Trait EI and psychosocial adjustment; for girls specifically, lower Trait EI scores were a determinant of lower levels of psychosocial adjustment, regardless of emotional and social problems. It can be concluded that the identified pathways provide keys for emotional education interventions aimed at promoting psychosocial adjustment, well-being, and good mental health among children. Our findings support the buffer role of Trait EI against maladjustment risk in children, but more clearly in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cejudo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla–La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Pérez-González
- Emotional Education Laboratory (EDUEMO Lab), Faculty of Education, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Roulin N, Ternes M. Is it time to kill the detection wizard? Emotional intelligence does not facilitate deception detection. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Li M, Pérez-Díaz PA, Mao Y, Petrides KV. A Multilevel Model of Teachers' Job Performance: Understanding the Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Trust. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2420. [PMID: 30555401 PMCID: PMC6283976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the role of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI; Petrides, 2001) relating to teaching performance has emerged as an important topic. The present study proposes a multilevel model of teachers' trait EI in relation to their job performance, which simultaneously addresses the mediating role of job satisfaction and the influences of school-level factors (i.e., organizational trust and principals' trait EI). Results from a sample of 881 teachers and 37 principals in Chinese primary schools showed that job satisfaction partially mediated the positive relationship between teachers' trait EI and their job performance. In addition, the findings demonstrated a cross-level moderated mediating effect, with the indirect effect of teachers' trait EI on job performance (via job satisfaction) becoming stronger for teachers working in schools with lower levels of organizational trust. The hypothesized role of principals' trait EI on teachers' job performance was not supported. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Li
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Alejandro Pérez-Díaz
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychology, Southern University of Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Yaqing Mao
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - K. V. Petrides
- London Psychometric Laboratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Aslanidou GS, Petrides KV, Stogiannidou A. Trait Emotional Intelligence Profiles of Parents With Drug Addiction and of Their Offspring. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1633. [PMID: 30233468 PMCID: PMC6135073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and general health (General Health; GHQ-28) in two samples of Greek parents with (n = 52; Mage = 39.78; SDage = 6.68; 41 men and 11 women) and without (n = 51; Mage = 43.53; SDage = 4.61; 40 men and 11 women) addiction problems. In addition, it compares the trait EI scores of their offspring (N = 81; Mage = 11.71; SDage = 2.15; 51 boys and 30 girls). Results showed that parents with drug addiction exhibited lower levels of trait EI and poorer general health than peers. In addition, global trait EI and two of its subscales, Well-being and Emotionality, had stronger correlations with depression in the addiction than in the comparison group. Well-being was a significant predictor of general health and its subscales (Somatic symptoms, Anxiety/insomnia, Social dysfunction, and severe depression) in both groups. No differences were found between the offspring of the two groups.
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29
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Vesely Maillefer A, Udayar S, Fiori M. Enhancing the Prediction of Emotionally Intelligent Behavior: The PAT Integrated Framework Involving Trait EI, Ability EI, and Emotion Information Processing. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1078. [PMID: 30013496 PMCID: PMC6036374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been conceptualized in the literature either as a dispositional tendency, in line with a personality trait (trait EI; Petrides and Furnham, 2001), or as an ability, moderately correlated with general intelligence (ability EI; Mayer and Salovey, 1997). Surprisingly, there have been few empirical attempts conceptualizing how the different EI approaches should be related to each other. However, understanding how the different approaches of EI may be interwoven and/or complementary is of primary importance for clarifying the conceptualization of EI and organizing the literature around it. We introduce a theoretical framework explaining how trait EI, ability EI, and emotion information processing – a novel component related to EI recently introduced in the literature (e.g., Fiori and Vesely Maillefer, 2018) – may contribute to effective emotion-related performance and provide initial evidence supporting its usefulness in predicting EI-related outcomes. More specifically, we show that performance in a task in which participants had to infer the mental and emotional states of others, namely a Theory of Mind task, was predicted jointly (e.g., interaction effects) by trait EI, ability EI, and emotion information processing, after controlling for personality and IQ (N = 323). Our results argue for the importance of investigating the joint contribution of different aspects of EI in explaining variability in emotionally laden outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shagini Udayar
- Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marina Fiori
- Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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