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Zhou X, Shen X. Unveiling the relationship between social anxiety, loneliness, motivations, and problematic smartphone use: A network approach. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 130:152451. [PMID: 38237509 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested social anxiety as an essential risk factor for problematic smartphone use, but the complex interactions and the most influential components affecting this relationship remain unclear. This study capitalizes on network analysis to identify the central factors and possible mediating paths among social anxiety, loneliness, five types of motivation, and problematic smartphone use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Employing 549 emerging adults, we obtained a stable network of the above variables. The central components and the stability of this network were also identified. RESULTS Within this network, the edge linking withdrawal behavior and use of application (APP) exhibits the most robust edge intensity. The central components include social comfort, use of APP, withdrawal behavior, and companionship while the bridge central nodes include social anxiety and escapism motivation. The direct link between social anxiety and PSU revealed only fragile edges with both withdrawal behavior and use of APP. Considering the possible mediating pathways, three pathways were observed in our network. Loneliness and escapism mediated the relationship between social anxiety and social comfort. Moreover, another mediating way was from social anxiety, loneliness, social interaction motivation, and escapism motivation to social comfort. DISCUSSION Based on the above identification of related components and pathways, future researchers could intervene against problematic smartphone usage in this socially anxious population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Zhou
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang Y, Wu L, Liu C, Li K, Wang M, Feng T, Wang Q, Chao W, Ren L, Liu X. A network analysis bridging the gap between the big five personality traits and burnout among medical staff. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:92. [PMID: 38311767 PMCID: PMC10838458 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a common issue among medical professionals, and one of the well-studied predisposing factors is the Big Five personality traits. However, no studies have explored the relationships between these traits and burnout from a trait-to-component perspective. To understand the specific connections between each Big Five trait and burnout components, as well as the bridging effects of each trait on burnout, we employed network analysis. METHODS A cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 420 Chinese medical personnel. The 15-item Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15) assessed the Big Five personality traits, while the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) assessed burnout components. Network analysis was used to estimate network structure of Big Five personality traits and burnout components and calculate the bridge expected influence. RESULTS The study revealed distinct and clear relationships between the Big Five personality traits and burnout components. For instance, Neuroticism was positively related to Doubt significance and Worthwhile, while Conscientiousness was negatively related to Accomplish all tasks. Among the Big Five traits, Neuroticism displayed the highest positive bridge expected influence, while Conscientiousness displayed the highest negative bridge expected influence. CONCLUSIONS The network model provides a means to investigate the connections between the Big Five personality traits and burnout components among medical professionals. This study offers new avenues for thought and potential targets for burnout prevention and treatment in medical personnel, which can be further explored and tested in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 3168, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of infectious diseases, Juxian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, 23 Street, 276500, Rizhao, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Department of Foreign Language Teaching and Research of Basic Ministry, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Wu Chao
- School of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Psychology Section, Logistics University of PAP, 300309, Tianjin, China.
- Military Mental Health Services & Research Center, 300309, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, 169 Street, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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Network analysis of internet gaming disorder, problematic social media use, problematic smartphone use, psychological distress, and meaning in life among adolescents. Digit Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20552076231158036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined the connections between psychological distress, meaning in life, internet gaming disorder (IGD), problematic smartphone use (PSU), and problematic social media use (PSMU). Methods The central and bridging nodes of IGD, PSMU, and PSU symptoms were investigated using network analysis in China among 742 adolescents ( Mage = 15.39, SD = 1.68, range = 12–19; 53.23% female). The relationships between IGD, PSMU, and PSU and associated factors were investigated using a Directed Acyclic Graphs method. Results The results suggested that the central symptoms were withdrawal in IGD, mood modification in PSU, and tolerance in PSMU. Mood modification in IGD, mood modification in PSU, withdrawal in PSMU, and functional impairment in PSMU were the bridge symptoms. Males were more likely to experience symptoms of IGD than females, while females were more likely to need meaning than males. Stress is the root factor, while depression, meaning confusion, meaning anxiety, and meaning avoidance were closely associated with IGD, PSMU, and PSU. Conclusions The current research improved the understanding of IGD, PSMU, and PSU symptoms in teenagers and demonstrated the potential of dynamic systems perspectives on problematic use behaviors and stress/meaning-focused interventions.
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Li J, Liu C, Wulandari T, Wang P, Li K, Ren L, Liu X. The relationship between dimensions of empathy and symptoms of depression among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1034119. [PMID: 36620303 PMCID: PMC9813512 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1034119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear, despite the established link between empathy and depression. The network analysis offers a novel framework for visualizing the association between empathy and depression as a complex system consisting of interacting nodes. In this study, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression using a network model during the pandemic. Methods 1,177 students completed the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), measuring dimensions of empathy, and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), measuring symptoms of depression. First, we investigated the nuanced associations between different dimensions of empathy and individual depressive symptoms. Then, we calculated the bridge expected influence to examine how different dimensions of empathy may activate or deactivate the symptoms of depression cluster. Finally, we conducted a network comparison test to explore whether network characteristics such as empathy-depression edges and bridge nodes differed between genders. Results First, our findings showed that personal distress was positively linked to symptoms of depression. These symptoms involved psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = 0.18), sad mood (edge weight = 0.12), trouble with concentrating (edge weight = 0.11), and guilt (edge weight = 0.10). Perspective-taking was found to be negatively correlated with trouble with concentrating (edge weight = -0.11). Empathic concern was negatively associated with suicidal thoughts (edge weight = -0.10) and psychomotor agitation or retardation (edge weight = -0.08). Fantasy was not connected with any symptoms of depression. Second, personal distress and empathic concern were the most positive and negative influential nodes that bridged empathy and depression (values of bridge expected influence were 0.51 and -0.19 and values of predictability were 0.24 and 0.24, respectively). The estimates of the bridge expected influence on the nodes were adequately stable (correlation stability coefficient = 0.75). Finally, no sex differences in the studied network characteristics were observed. Conclusions This study applied network analysis to reveal potential pathways between different dimensions of empathy and individual symptoms of depression. The findings supported the existing theoretical system and contribute to the theoretical mechanism. We have also made efforts to suggest interventions and preventions based on personal distress and empathic concern, the two most important dimensions of empathy for depressive symptoms. These efforts may help Chinese university students to adopt better practical methods to overcome symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Teresa Wulandari
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VI, Australia
| | - Panhui Wang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- Department of Developmental Psychology for Armyman, School of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Lei Ren
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,Xufeng Liu
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Yang T, Guo Z, Cao X, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Li X, Wang H, Wang X, Wu L, Wu S, Liu X. Network analysis of anxiety and depression in the functionally impaired elderly. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067646. [PMID: 36530716 PMCID: PMC9751796 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from previous studies has confirmed that functionally impaired elderly individuals are susceptible to comorbid anxiety and depression. Network theory holds that the comorbidity emerges from interactions between anxiety and depression symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the fine-grained relationships among anxiety and depression symptoms in the functionally impaired elderly and identify central and bridge symptoms to provide potential targets for intervention of these two comorbid disorders. Methods A total of 325 functionally impaired elderly individuals from five communities in Xi'an, China, were recruited for our investigation. The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were used to measure anxiety and depression, respectively. SPSS 22.0 software was used for descriptive statistics, and R 4.1.1 software was used for network model construction, expected influence (EI) evaluation and bridge expected influence (BEI) evaluation. Results In the network, there were 35 edges (indicating partial correlations between symptoms) across the communities of anxiety and depression, among which the strongest edge was A1 "Nervousness or anxiety"-D2 "Depressed or sad mood." A2 "Uncontrollable worry" and D2 "Depressed or sad mood" had the highest EI values in the network, while A6 "Irritable" and D7 "Concentration difficulties" had the highest BEI values of their respective community. In the flow network, the strongest direct edge of D9 "Thoughts of death" was with D6 "Feeling of worthlessness." Conclusion Complex fine-grained relationships exist between anxiety and depression in functionally impaired elderly individuals. "Uncontrollable worry," "depressed or sad mood," "irritable" and "concentration difficulties" are identified as the potential targets for intervention of anxiety and depression. Our study emphasizes the necessity of suicide prevention for functionally impaired elderly individuals, and the symptom "feeling of worthlessness" can be used as an effective target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China,Shengjun Wu
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xufeng Liu
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Li K, Luo K, Zhan X, Liu C, Li L, Luo X, Ren L, Wang L, Feng Z. Adjusting intervention strategies for mental health of COVID-19 patients: A network analysis based on a survey in Omicron-infected patients. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1038296. [PMID: 36466516 PMCID: PMC9714331 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1038296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on people's mental health. As the SAS-Cov-2 evolves to become less virulent, the number of asymptomatic patients increases. It remains unclear if the mild symptoms are associated with mild perceived stress and mental illness, and the interventions to improve the mental health of the patients are rarely reported. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated the level of depression, anxiety and perceived stress of 1,305 COVID-19 patients who received treatment in the Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai, China. Network analysis was used to explore the relationship among depression, anxiety and perceived stress. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety and perceived stress in the patients with Omicron infection were 9.03, 4.60, and 17.03%, respectively, lower than the prevalence reported during the initial outbreak of COVID-19. "Restlessness (A5)," "Uncontrollable worry (A2)," "Trouble relaxing (A4)" and "Fatigue (D4)" had the highest expected influence values. "Irritability (A6)" and "Uncontrollable (S1)" were bridge symptoms in the network. Comparative analysis of the network identified differences in the network structures between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Conclusion This study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety and perceived stress and the correlation among them in Omicron-infected patients in Fangcang shelter hospital, in Shanghai, China. The core symptoms identified in the study provide insight into targeted clinical prevention and intervention of mental health in non-severe Omicron-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhan
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Li
- College of General Education, Chong Qing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Medical English, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Lei Ren
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Sichuan Shun Dao Law Firm, Chengdu, China,Lingzhi Wang
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China,Zhengzhi Feng
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Huang S, Lai X, Li Y, Dai X, Wang W, Li J, Wang H, Li D, Wang Y. Do the core symptoms play key roles in the development of problematic smartphone use symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:959103. [PMID: 36147993 PMCID: PMC9486068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.959103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Previous research determined the core symptoms (loss of control and being caught in the loop) of problematic smartphone use (PSU), which are of great importance to understand the structure and potential intervention targets of PSU. However, the cross-sectional design fails to reveal causality between symptoms and usually conflates the between- and within-subjects effects of PSU symptoms. This study aims to determine whether the core symptoms of PSU, indeed, dominate the future development of PSU symptoms from longitudinal between- and within-subjects levels. Materials and methods In this study, 2191 adolescents were surveyed for 3 years for PSU symptoms. A cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was used to explore longitudinal between-subjects causal relationships between symptoms, and a graphic vector autoregressive model (GVAR) was used to separate the between- and within-subjects effects and detect the longitudinal effect at the within-subject level. Results The results of CLPM indicated that the core symptoms (both loss of control and being caught in the loop) of PSU, indeed, dominate the future development of PSU symptoms at a longitudinal between-subjects level. From T1 to T2, the cross-lagged model showed that both the loss of control (out-prediction = 0.042) and being caught in the loop (out-prediction = 0.053) at T1 have the highest out-prediction over other symptoms at T2. From T2 to T3, the loss of control (out-prediction = 0.027) and being caught in the loop (out-prediction = 0.037) at T2 also have the highest out-prediction over other symptoms of PSU at T3. While, after separating the between- and within-subjects effects, only being caught in the loop at T1 played a key role in promoting the development of other PSU symptoms at T3 at the within-subjects level. The contemporaneous network showed intensive connection, while the cross-sectional between-subjects network is very sparse. Conclusion These findings not only confirm and extend the key roles of core symptoms in the dynamic aspect of PSU symptoms and PSU itself but also suggest that interventions should consider the core symptoms of PSU, individual- and group-level effects and that individualized intervention programs are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Guangming Institute of Education Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- Zhongmu Education Teaching and Research Office, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiyuan Gaoji Zhongxue, Jiyuan, China
| | - Huanlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dufang Li
- Experimental Primary School, Experimental Primary School of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chen C, Li F, Liu C, Li K, Yang Q, Ren L. The relations between mental well-being and burnout in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:919692. [PMID: 36033796 PMCID: PMC9399609 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.919692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although poor mental well-being (MW) has been documented among individuals experiencing burnout during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, little is known about the complex interrelationship between different components of MW and burnout. This study investigates this relationship among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic through network analysis. Methods A total of 420 medical staff were recruited for this study. Components of MW were measured by the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and components of burnout were measured by a 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) Questionnaire. Network structure was constructed via network analysis. Bridge variables were identified via the bridge centrality index. Results The edges across two communities (i.e., MW community and burnout community) are almost negative, such as edge MW2 ("Useful") - B14 ("Worthwhile") and edge MW1 ("Optimistic about future") - B13 ("Happy"). The edges within each community are nearly positive. In the MW community, components MW1 ("Optimistic about future") and MW6 ("Dealing with problems") have the lowest bridge centrality. And in the community of burnout, components B13 ("Happy") and B14 ("Worthwhile") have the lowest bridge expected influence. Conclusion We present the first study to apply the network approach to model the potential pathways between distinct components of MW and burnout. Our findings suggest that promoting optimistic attitudes and problem-solving skills may help reduce burnout among medical staff during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Military Medical Psychology School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Military Medical Psychology School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Brain Park, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Qun Yang
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,Lei Ren
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Gao L, Zhao W, Chu X, Chen H, Li W. A Network Analysis of the Relationships Between Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems and Problematic Mobile Phone Use. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:832933. [PMID: 35432049 PMCID: PMC9011098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.832933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is of great concern to society that individuals can be vulnerable to problematic mobile phone use (PMPU). However, there are a few studies in the field evaluating associations between behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) and PMPU, and the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the relationships between BIS/BAS and PMPU by network analysis. Methods A total of 891 young adults participated in the study. BIS/BAS and PMPU were assessed by using the behavioral inhibition and activation systems scale and smartphone application-based addiction scale, respectively. The structure of the BIS/BAS-PMPU network was characterized using "strength," "closeness" and "betweenness" as centrality indices. Edge-weight accuracy and centrality stability were tested using a bootstrap procedure. Results The network analysis showed that "mood modification," "tolerance" and "withdrawal symptoms" had high centrality. In addition, the positive connection between BIS and "mood modification" or "tolerance" and between BAS-fun seeking and "mood modification" or "conflict" were also shown in the BIS/BAS-PMPU network. Conclusion These findings shed light on the central and bridge components between the BIS/BAS and PMPU communities, providing new evidence relevant to potential mechanisms that account for how high-BIS or high-BAS individuals develop PMPU, and inspiring component-based PMPU prevention or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Gao
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaowei Chu
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Haide Chen
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Liu C, Ren L, Li K, Yang W, Li Y, Rotaru K, Wei X, Yücel M, Albertella L. Understanding the Association Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Network Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:917833. [PMID: 35898626 PMCID: PMC9309646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research has demonstrated that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, little is known about how different IU components such as uncertainty-related beliefs, emotions, and behaviors may impact on different PSU symptoms. METHODS Extending previous research, the current study examined the specific associations between IU components and PSU symptoms via a symptom-level network approach. A regularized partial correlation network consisting of different IU components and PSU symptoms was estimated among 1,849 Chinese university students. We examined pathways and influential nodes (i.e. central components/symptoms and bridge components/symptoms) within the IU-PSU network. RESULTS The strongest pathway linking IU and PSU was between emotional reactions to uncertainty and coping-motivated smartphone use. Importantly, emotional reactions toward not having enough information (a reflection of emotional reactions to uncertainty) may act as both a central and a bridge component in maintaining the whole IU-PSU network. CONCLUSIONS The results are in line with the I-PACE model and highlight that PSU may be a coping response for negative emotions derived from uncertainty. Finally, the current findings highlight the potential of interventions targeting intolerance of uncertainty for reducing PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Xijing University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Li
- Psychological Counseling Center, Xijing University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Accounting, Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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11
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Li K, Zhan X, Ren L, Liu N, Zhang L, Li L, Chen T, Feng Z, Luo X. The Association of Abuse and Depression With Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Adolescents: A Network Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853951. [PMID: 35418891 PMCID: PMC8995894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abuse experiences in adolescents are associated with the risk of depression and suicide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop prevention and intervention measures for clinicians, policymakers, and researchers. METHODS Network analysis method was used to analyze the cross-sectional data of Chinese adolescents in this study. The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQ-A) was used for assessing depression, in which item 9 of the PHQ-A was used to assess suicide ideation, and International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool-Children's Home Version (ICAST-CH) was used for assessing abuse. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents was 21.46% (95% CI, 20.79-22.16%). The prevalence of moderate or severe depression was 16.76%, and the prevalence of violence exposure, psychological victimization, neglect, and physical victimization was 33.5%, 59.5%, 28.37%, and 31.51% in the past years, respectively. Network analysis results showed that the most central nodes in the network of abuse and depression were "unimportant," "not cared," and "pushed." The bridge nodes were "suicidal ideation" and "unimportant." The nodes "sadness," "failure," and "unimportant" explained the largest proportion of the variance of suicidal ideation in our network. Differences were found in the structure of both abuse and depression networks between adolescents with or without suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS The self-reporting-based cross-sectional surveys and community sample groups limit the inference of causality and the generalization of the results. CONCLUSION This study shows that "unimportant" is the central and bridge nodes in the abuse and depression networks and also explains a part of variance of suicidal ideation. The effect of "unimportant" should be considered in the prevention and intervention of depression and suicide in adolescents with abuse experience. Future study is needed to confirm its role in clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiliang Li
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhan
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Health Examination, People's Hospital of Wansheng Economic Development Zone, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of General Education, Chong Qing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Health Examination, People's Hospital of Wansheng Economic Development Zone, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengzhi Feng
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Medical English, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Feng T, Ren L, Liu C, Li K, Wu L, Wei X, Yuan S, Cui LB, Yang X, Li D, Yang W, Li Y, Wang B, Wang H, Liu X. The relations between different components of intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:993814. [PMID: 36311506 PMCID: PMC9613443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.993814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relations between depression and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) have been extensively investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of understanding on how each component of IU may differentially affect depression symptoms and vice versa. The current study used a network approach to reveal the component-to-symptom interplay between IU and depression and identify intervention targets for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 624 college students participated in the current study. An IU-Depression network was estimated using items from the 12-item Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We examined the network structure, node centrality, and node bridge centrality to identify component-to-symptom pathways, central nodes, and bridge nodes within the IU-Depression network. RESULTS Several distinct pathways (e.g., "Frustration when facing uncertainty" and "Feelings of worthlessness") emerged between IU and Depression. "Fatigue" and "Frustration when facing uncertainty" were identified as the central nodes in the estimated network. "Frustration when facing uncertainty," "Psychomotor agitation/retardation," and "Depressed or sad mood" were identified as bridging nodes between the IU and Depression communities. CONCLUSION By delineating specific pathways between IU and depression and highlighting the influential role of "Frustration when facing uncertainty" in maintaining the IU-Depression co-occurrence, current findings may inform targeted prevention and interventions for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Feng
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuiliang Li
- School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqing Yuan
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Health Economy Management, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danyang Li
- College of Education Science, Changji University, Changji, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Xijing University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Li
- Psychological Counseling Center, Xijing University, Xi'an, China
| | - Buyao Wang
- Clinical and Psychological Counseling, DongFang College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Langfang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Military Medical Psychology School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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