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Wang J, Wang S, Fang Z, Zhao J, Zhang G, Guo Y, Wang Q, Jiang Z, Zhong H, Hou W. Estrogen receptor GPR30 in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates exacerbated neuropathic pain in ovariectomized mice. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148798. [PMID: 38403038 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Menopausal women experience neuropathic pain 63% more frequently than men do, which may attribute to the estrogen withdrawal. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice following chronic constriction injury (CCI) was investigated. With 17β-estradiol (E2) supplemented, aggravated mechanical allodynia in OVX mice could be significantly alleviated, particularly after intra-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) E2 delivery. Pharmacological interventions further demonstrated that the agonist of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30), rather than ERα or ERβ in the ACC, exhibited the similar analgesic effect as E2, whereas antagonist of GPR30 exacerbated allodynia. Furthermore, OVX surgery reduced GPR30 expression in the ACC, which could be restored with estrogen supplementation. Selective downregulation of GPR30 in the ACC of naïve female mice induces mechanical allodynia, whereas GPR30 overexpression in the ACC remarkedly alleviated OVX-exacerbated allodynia. Collectively, estrogen withdrawal could downregulate the ACC GPR30 expression, resulting in exacerbated neuropathic pain. Our findings highlight the importance of GPR30 in the ACC in aggravated neuropathic pain during menopause, and offer a potential therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain management in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jianshuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Nursing, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Haixing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Raffaelli B, Do TP, Chaudhry BA, Ashina M, Amin FM, Ashina H. Menstrual migraine is caused by estrogen withdrawal: revisiting the evidence. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:131. [PMID: 37730536 PMCID: PMC10512516 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and critically appraise the evidence supporting the role of estrogen withdrawal in menstrual migraine. MAIN BODY Menstrual migraine, impacting about 6% of reproductive-age women, manifests as migraine attacks closely related to the menstrual cycle. The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis posits that the premenstrual drop in estrogen levels serves as a trigger of migraine attacks. Despite its wide acceptance, the current body of evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited, warranting further validation. Estrogen is believed to exert a modulatory effect on pain, particularly within the trigeminovascular system - the anatomic and physiologic substrate of migraine pathogenesis. Nevertheless, existing studies are limited by methodologic inconsistencies, small sample sizes, and variable case definitions, precluding definitive conclusions. To improve our understanding of menstrual migraine, future research should concentrate on untangling the intricate interplay between estrogen, the trigeminovascular system, and migraine itself. This necessitates the use of robust methods, larger sample sizes, and standardized case definitions to surmount the limitations encountered in previous investigations. CONCLUSION Further research is thus needed to ascertain the involvement of estrogen withdrawal in menstrual migraine and advance the development of effective management strategies to address unmet treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Raffaelli
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thien Phu Do
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Knowledge Center On Headache Disorders, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Basit Ali Chaudhry
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Knowledge Center On Headache Disorders, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Ashina
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Karamichali P, Anagnostou T, Kazakos GM, Prassinos N, Dimopoulou I, Savvas I. Effect of gonadectomy on pain assessment in dogs undergoing orthopaedic stifle surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:430-438. [PMID: 37295978 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pain perception between gonadectomized and intact dogs. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, prospective, cohort study. ANIMALS A group of 74 client-owned dogs. METHODS Dogs were divided into four groups: group 1-female/neutered (F/N), group 2-female/intact (F/I), group 3-male/neutered (M/N) and group 4-male/intact (M/I). Premedication consisted of intramuscularly administered acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) and morphine (0.2 mg kg-1), and subcutaneously administered carprofen (4 mg kg-1). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (1 mg kg-1 intravenously and supplementary doses to effect) and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Intraoperative analgesia was achieved with fentanyl infusion (0.1 μg kg-1 minute-1). Pain assessments [using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and an algometer at the incision site (IS), parallel to the incision site (NIS), and on the contralateral healthy limb] were performed preoperatively, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 20 hours after extubation. The time-standardised area under the curve (AUCst) for measurements was calculated and compared by performing a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (manova). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Postoperatively, F/N exhibited higher pain than F/I, with estimated marginal means (95% confidence intervals) AUCstISGroup1 909 (672-1146) versus AUCstISGroup2 1385 (1094-1675) (p = 0.014), AUCstNISGroup1 1122 (823-1420) versus AUCstNISGroup2 1668 (1302-2033) (p = 0.024) and AUCstUMPSGroup1 5.30 (4.58-6.02) versus AUCstUMPSGroup2 4.1 (3.2-5.0) (p = 0.041). Similarly, M/N showed higher pain than M/I with AUCstISGroup3 686 (384-987) versus AUCstISGroup4 1107 (871-1345) (p = 0.031) and AUCstNISGroup3 856 (476-1235) versus AUCstNISGroup4 1407 (1109-1706) (p = 0.026), and AUCstUMPSGroup3 6.0 (5.1-6.9) versus AUCstUMPSGroup4 4.4 (3.7-5.2) (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gonadectomy affects pain sensitivity in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. Neutering status should be taken into consideration when planning individualized anaesthetic/analgesic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Karamichali
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Tilemachos Anagnostou
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Michalis Kazakos
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikitas Prassinos
- Surgery & Obstetrics Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irene Dimopoulou
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Savvas
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Companion Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jin J, Li L, Wang Y, Li K, Qian A, Li W, Liu Q, Wen C, Liu Q, Yan G, Xue F. Estrogen alleviates acute and chronic itch in mice. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:255. [PMID: 37153887 PMCID: PMC10155243 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Itching is associated with various skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis and allergic dermatitis, and leads to repeated scratching behavior and unpleasant sensation. Although clinical and laboratory research data have shown that estrogen is involved in regulating itch, the molecular and cellular basis of estrogen in itch sensation remains elusive. In the present study, it was found that estrogen-treated mice exhibited reduced scratching bouts when challenged with histamine, chloroquine, the proteinase-activated receptor-2 activating peptide SLIGRL-NH2 (SLIGRL), compound 48/80, and 5-hydroxytryptamine when compared with mice in the placebo group. Moreover, estrogen also suppressed scratching bouts in the mouse model of chronic itch induced by acetone-ether-water treatment. Notably, consistent with the behavioral tests, the present RNA-seq analysis showed that estrogen treatment caused significantly reduced expression levels of itch-related molecules such as Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member A3, neuromedin B and natriuretic polypeptide b. In addition, estradiol attenuated histamine-induced and chloroquine-induced calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Collectively, the data of the present study suggested that estrogen modulates the expression of itch-related molecules and suppresses both acute and chronic itch in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University of Medicine, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Keyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Quanle Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Yanbian University of Medicine, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Fushan Xue, Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Fushan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Fushan Xue, Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Umimura T, Eguchi Y, Orita S, Inage K, Abe K, Inoue M, Kinoshita H, Norimoto M, Sato M, Sato T, Suzuki M, Maki S, Furuya T, Ohtori S. Association Between the Accumulation of Pentosidine at the Sciatic Nerve and Cutaneous Hindpaw Hypersensitivity in a Rat Ovariectomy Model. Cureus 2022; 14:e21059. [PMID: 35165537 PMCID: PMC8828264 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have the potential to serve as biomarkers of aging and metabolic diseases; however, how their expression relates to clinical symptoms is not well defined. In this study, we sought to determine whether the accumulation of pentosidine, one type of AGE, at the peripheral nerve is associated with cutaneous pain or hypersensitivity caused by ovariectomy (OVX). Methods We assigned 12-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats into either the OVX group (n = 6) or the sham group (n = 6). Cutaneous hindpaw sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was measured with von Frey filaments, using Chaplan’s adapted method, and the 50% withdrawal threshold was calculated. Then, the accumulation of pentosidine, which represents AGEs, was measured in sciatic nerve fibers after staining with an anti-pentosidine antibody. Results OVX rats showed significantly increased plantar hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli compared to sham rats 8 weeks after OVX (P = 0.017). Pentosidine-positive sciatic nerves were detected at a higher rate in OVX rats than in sham rats (P = 0.035). The pentosidine positivity rate in sciatic nerve fibers showed a negative correlation with withdrawal threshold (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study showed that higher levels of pentosidine in sciatic nerve fibers are associated with higher plantar hypersensitivity. Accumulation of pentosidine at the sciatic nerve, caused by OVX, may result in cutaneous hindpaw hypersensitivity.
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Tramullas M, Collins JM, Fitzgerald P, Dinan TG, O' Mahony SM, Cryan JF. Estrous cycle and ovariectomy-induced changes in visceral pain are microbiota-dependent. iScience 2021; 24:102850. [PMID: 34381975 PMCID: PMC8333168 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is a hallmark of many functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome and is categorized by a dull, diffuse sensation of abdominal pain. Recently, the gut microbiota has been implicated in VH in male mice, but the effects in females have yet to be explored fully. To this end, we now show that somewhat surprisingly, female germ-free mice have similar visceral pain responses to colorectal distension (CRD) as their conventional controls. However, we show that although sensitivity to CRD is estrous cycle stage-dependent in conventional mice, it is not in germ-free mice. Further, ovariectomy (OVX) induced VH in conventional but not germ-free mice, and induced weight gain regardless of microbiota status. Finally, we show that estrogen-replacement ameliorated OVX-induced VH. Taken together, this study provides evidence for a major role of female sex hormones and the gut microbiota in sensation of visceral pain in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M O' Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Arbiters of endogenous opioid analgesia: role of CNS estrogenic and glutamatergic systems. Transl Res 2021; 234:31-42. [PMID: 33567346 PMCID: PMC8217383 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nociception and opioid antinociception in females are pliable processes, varying qualitatively and quantitatively over the reproductive cycle. Spinal estrogenic signaling via membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), in combination with multiple other signaling molecules [spinal dynorphin, kappa-opioid receptors (KOR), glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)], appears to function as a master coordinator, parsing functionality between pronociception and antinociception. This provides a window into pharmacologically accessing intrinsic opioid analgesic/anti-allodynic systems. In diestrus, membrane estrogen receptor alpha (mERα) signals via mGluR1 to suppress spinal endomorphin 2 (EM2) analgesia. Strikingly, in the absence of exogenous opioids, interfering with this suppression in a chronic pain model elicits opioid anti-allodynia, revealing contributions of endogenous opioid(s). In proestrus, robust spinal EM2 analgesia is manifest but this requires spinal dynorphin/KOR and glutamate-activated mGluR1. Furthermore, spinal mGluR1 blockade in a proestrus chronic pain animal (eliminating spinal EM2 analgesia) exacerbates mechanical allodynia, revealing tempering by endogenous opioid(s). A complex containing mu-opioid receptor, KOR, aromatase, mGluRs, and mERα are foundational to eliciting endogenous opioid anti-allodynia. Aromatase-mERα oligomers are also plentiful, in a central nervous system region-specific fashion. These can be independently regulated and allow estrogens to act intracellularly within the same signaling complex in which they are synthesized, explaining asynchronous relationships between circulating estrogens and central nervous system estrogen functionalities. Observations with EM2 highlight the translational relevance of extensively characterizing exogenous responsiveness to endogenous opioids and the neuronal circuits that mediate them along with the multiplicity of estrogenic systems that concomitantly function in phase and out-of-phase with the reproductive cycle.
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8
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Maba IK, Cruz JV, Zampronio AR. Change in prostaglandin signaling during sickness syndrome hyperalgesia after ovariectomy in female rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113368. [PMID: 34000337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated hyperalgesia during sickness syndrome in female rats. Hyperalgesia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an intracerebroventricular injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). No differences were found in basal mechanical and thermal thresholds or in LPS-induced hyperalgesia in sham-operated animals in the diestrus or proestrus phase or in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. However, higher levels of PGE2 where found in the cerebrospinal fluid of OVX animals compared to sham-operated females. Intracerebroventricular injection of PGE2 produced rapid mechanical hyperalgesia in sham-operated rats while these responses were observed at later times in OVX animals. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 reduced mechanical PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in OVX female rats, whereas no effect was observed in sham-operated animals. In contrast, the exchange protein activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; Epac) inhibitor ESI-09 reduced mechanical PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, whereas no effect was observed in OVX animals. PGE2 also induced thermal hyperalgesia in sham-operated and OVX female rats and a similar effect of ESI-09 was observed. These results suggest that PGE2-induced hyperalgesia that is observed during sickness syndrome has different signaling mechanisms in cycling and OVX female rats involving the activation of the cAMP-Epac or cAMP-PKA pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Maba
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J V Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Estrogen decline is a risk factor for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy: Clinical evidence supported by a preclinical study. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:49-57. [PMID: 33858655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed clinical retrospective study in female cancer patients and fundamental experiments in mice, in order to clarify risk factors for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN). In the clinical study, 131 of 189 female outpatients with cancer undergoing paclitaxel-based chemotherapy met inclusion criteria. Breast cancer survivors (n = 40) showed significantly higher overall PIPN (grades 1-4) incidence than non-breast cancer survivors (n = 91). Multivariate sub-analyses of breast cancer survivors showed that 57 years of age or older and endocrine therapy before paclitaxel treatment were significantly associated with severe PIPN (grades 2-4). The age limit was also significantly correlated with overall development of severe PIPN. In the preclinical study, female mice subjected to ovariectomy received repeated administration of paclitaxel, and mechanical nociceptive threshold was assessed by von Frey test. Ovariectomy aggravated PIPN in the mice, an effect prevented by repeated treatment with 17β-estradiol. Repeated administration of thrombomodulin alfa (TMα), known to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats and mice, also prevented the development of PIPN in the ovariectomized mice. Collectively, breast cancer survivors, particularly with postmenopausal estrogen decline and/or undergoing endocrine therapy, are considered a PIPN-prone subpopulation, and may require non-hormonal pharmacological intervention for PIPN in which TMα may serve as a major candidate.
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Kiyomoto K, Iba K, Hanaka M, Ibe K, Hayakawa H, Teramoto A, Emori M, Yamashita T. High bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes induces pain-like behaviors in mild osteoarthritis model mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:806-818. [PMID: 32656644 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous studies demonstrated that a high bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes decreased the threshold of skeletal pain. Recent studies reported that the incidence of joint pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal women was higher than that in males even with the same radiographic OA grade. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a high bone turnover state affects the induction of pain-like behaviors in mild OA model mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established mild OA model mice with accompanying osteoporotic changes by monosodium iodoacetate injection after ovariectomy. We assessed pain-like behaviors by von Frey test and paw-flick test; histological changes in OA joints; the expression of Runx2, Osterix, Osteocalcin, and Rankl; bone micro-architecture by μCT and measured serum tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase 5b levels in the model mice. RESULTS Pain-like behaviors in mice with OA and osteoporotic changes were significantly increased in comparison with those in OA mice without osteoporotic changes. The severity of histological OA changes did not differ significantly between the OA mice with and without osteoporotic changes. Bisphosphonate significantly improved pain-like behaviors accompanied with improvement in the high bone turnover state in the OA mice with osteoporosis, while it had no significant effect on pain-like behaviors in the OA mice without osteoporosis. In addition, the improvement was maintained for more than 4 weeks even after the discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment. CONCLUSION These results indicated that a high bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes could affect the induction of pain-like behaviors in mild OA model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kiyomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Health Care College, 17-3, West-6 Megumino, Eniwa, 061-1373, Japan
| | - Kousuke Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Ibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Trauma Center, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, 1-1, Oyachi East-1, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo, 004-0041, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hayakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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11
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de Clauser L, Santana-Varela S, Wood JN, Sikandar S. Physiologic osteoclasts are not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:199-212. [PMID: 32955748 PMCID: PMC8436750 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased bone resorption is driven by augmented osteoclast activity in pathological states of the bone, including osteoporosis, fracture and metastatic bone cancer. Pain is a frequent co‐morbidity in bone pathologies and adequate pain management is necessary for symptomatic relief. Bone cancer is associated with severe skeletal pain and dysregulated bone remodelling, while increased osteoclast activity and bone pain are also observed in osteoporosis and during fracture repair. However, the effects of altered osteoclast activity and bone resorption on nociceptive processing of bone afferents remain unclear. Methods This study investigates whether physiologic osteoclasts and resulting changes in bone resorption can induce skeletal pain. We first assessed correlation between changes in bone microarchitecture (through µCT) and skeletal pain using standardized behavioural phenotyping assays in a mouse model of metastatic bone cancer. We then investigated whether increased activity of physiologic osteoclasts, and the associated bone resorption, is sufficient to induce skeletal pain using mouse models of localized and widespread bone resorption following administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL). Results Our data demonstrates that mice with bone cancer exhibit progressive pain behaviours that correlate with increased bone resorption at the tumour site. Systemic RANKL injections enhance osteoclast activity and associated bone resorption, without producing any changes in motor function or pain behaviours at both early and late timepoints. Conclusion These findings suggest that activation of homeostatic osteoclasts alone is not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice. Significance statement The role of osteoclasts in peripheral sensitization of sensory neurones is not fully understood. This study reports on the direct link between oestrogen‐independent osteoclast activation and skeletal pain. Administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) increases bone resorption, but does not produce pro‐nociceptive changes in behavioural pain thresholds. Our data demonstrates that physiologic osteoclasts are not essential for skeletal pain behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Clauser
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Mary University of London, London, UK
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12
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Zhang W, Wu H, Xu Q, Chen S, Sun L, Jiao C, Wang L, Fu F, Feng Y, Qian X, Chen X. Estrogen modulation of pain perception with a novel 17β-estradiol pretreatment regime in ovariectomized rats. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 31918752 PMCID: PMC6953313 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays substantial roles in pain modulation; however, studies concerning sex hormones and nociception often yield confusing results. The discrepancy could be a result of lack of consensus to regard estrogen as a variable when working with animal models; thus, the influence of hormones’ fluctuations on nociception has continually been neglected. In the present study, we designed a novel hormone substitution model to aid us to evaluate the effects of estrogen’s long-term alterations on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and the expression of estrogen receptors(ERs). OVX rats were implanted with slow-release estrogen pellets at differently arranged time points and doses, such that a gradual elevation or decrease of serum estrogen levels following a relatively stable period of estrogen replacement was achieved in rats. Our results demonstrated that gradual estrogen depletion rather than elevation following the stable period of estrogen substitution in OVX rats alleviated OVX-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-independent manner, and the opposite estrogen increase or decrease paradigms differently regulate the expression of spinal ERs. Specifically, in rats rendered to continuously increased serum estrogen, the early phase estrogen-induced anti-nociception effect in OVX rats was eliminated, which was accompanied by an over-activation of ERα and a strong depression of ERβ, while in the OVX rats subject to gradual decrease of estrogen replacement, both ERα and ERβ increased modestly compared with the OVX group. Thus, the present study demonstrated that estrogen increase or decrease modulate nociception differently through change of spinal ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866th Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Luyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaowei Qian
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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13
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Gintzler AR, Storman EM, Liu NJ. Estrogens as arbiters of sex-specific and reproductive cycle-dependent opioid analgesic mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 111:227-246. [PMID: 31421702 PMCID: PMC7136895 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The organization of estrogenic signaling in the CNS is exceedingly complex. It is comprised of peripherally and centrally synthesized estrogens, and a plethora of types of estrogen receptor that can localize to both the nucleus and the plasma membrane. Moreover, CNS estrogen receptors can exist independent of aromatase (aka estrogen synthase) as well as oligomerize with it, along with a host of other membrane signaling proteins. This ability of CNS estrogen receptors to either to physically pair or exist separately enables locally produced estrogens to act on multiple spatial levels, with a high degree of gradated regulation and plasticity, signaling either in-phase or out-of phase with circulating estrogens. This complexity explains the numerous contradictory findings regarding sex-dependent pain processing and sexually dimorphic opioid antinociception. This review highlights the increasing awareness that estrogens are major endogenous arbiters of both opioid analgesic actions and the mechanisms used to achieve them. This behooves us to understand, and possibly intercede at, the points of intersection of estrogenic signaling and opioid functionality. Factors that integrate estrogenic actions at subcellular, synaptic, and CNS regional levels are likely to be prime drug targets for novel pharmacotherapies designed to modulate CNS estrogen-dependent opioid functionalities and possibly circumvent the current opioid epidemic.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aromatase
- Brain/physiology
- Dynorphins/physiology
- Estrogens/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Neurosecretory Systems/physiology
- Nociception/drug effects
- Nociception/physiology
- Receptors, Estrogen/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Reproduction/physiology
- Sex Characteristics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.
| | - Emiliya M Storman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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14
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Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9698727. [PMID: 31316578 PMCID: PMC6601495 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9698727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale, widely cultivated in East Asia, has been reported to exhibit pharmacological efficacy in various disorders. However, little has been reported on its role as a pain killer. In this study, we reveal that the C. officinale extract (COE) has great efficacy as a novel analgesic in various in vivo pain models. Administration of COE attenuated hypersensitivity in all postoperative, neuropathic, and menopausal pain models. Decreased hyperalgesia was confirmed by a mechanical withdrawal threshold assay and ultrasonic vocalization call analysis. In addition, application of COE inhibited the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines and calpain-3 on dorsal root ganglion neurons in a spared nerve injury rat model. Treatment with ferulic acid, which was identified as one of the components of COE by HPLC analysis, alleviated nociceptive behaviors. Our findings suggest that ferulic acid is an active compound from COE, and COE is a potential phytomedical source for pain relief by inhibiting the process of inflammation.
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15
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Ovarian Hormone-dependent and Spinal ERK Activation-regulated Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in Female Rats with Acid Injection-induced Chronic Widespread Muscle Pain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3077. [PMID: 30816240 PMCID: PMC6395742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of chronic widespread muscle pain (CWP) meet most of the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia syndrome, which is prevalent in females. We used an acid injection-induced muscle pain (AIMP) model to mimic CWP. After female rats received an ovariectomy (OVX), acid saline solution was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses of changes in pain behaviours and p-ERK in the spinal cord were compared between groups. Intrathecal injections of oestradiol (E2) to the OVX group before two acid injections and E2 or progesterone (P4) injections in male rats were compared to evaluate hormone effects. We found that repeated acid injections produced mechanical hypersensitivity and enhanced p-ERK expression in the spinal dorsal horn. OVX rats exhibited significantly less tactile allodynia than did the rats in the other groups. The ERK inhibitor U0126 alleviated mechanical allodynia with lower p-ERK expression in the sham females but did not affect the OVX rats. Intrathecal E2 reversed the attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity in the OVX group, and E2 or P4 induced transient hyperalgesia in male rats. Accordingly, our results suggested that ovarian hormones contribute to AIMP through a spinal p-ERK-mediated pathway. These findings may partially explain the higher prevalence of fibromyalgia in females than males.
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16
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Liu NJ, Storman EM, Gintzler AR. Pharmacological Modulation of Endogenous Opioid Activity to Attenuate Neuropathic Pain in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 20:235-243. [PMID: 30366152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that spinal metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) signaling suppresses or facilitates (depending on the stage of estrous cycle) analgesic responsiveness to intrathecal endomorphin 2, a highly mu-opioid receptor-selective endogenous opioid. Spinal endomorphin 2 antinociception is suppressed during diestrus by mGluR1 when it is activated by membrane estrogen receptor alpha (mERα) and is facilitated during proestrus when mGluR1 is activated by glutamate. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that in female rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation (SNL), the inhibition of spinal estrogen synthesis or blockade of spinal mERα/mGluR1 would be antiallodynic during diestrus, whereas during proestrus, mGluR1 blockade would worsen the mechanical allodynia. As postulated, following SNL, aromatase inhibition or mERα/mGluR1 blockade during diestrus markedly lessened the mechanical allodynia. This was observed only on the paw ipsilateral to SNL and was eliminated by naloxone, implicating endogenous opioid mediation. In contrast, during proestrus, mGluR1 blockade worsened the SNL-induced mechanical allodynia of the ipsilateral paw. Findings suggest menstrual cycle stage-specific drug targets for and the putative clinical utility of harnessing endogenous opioids for chronic pain management in women, as well as the value of, if not the necessity for, considering menstrual cycle stage in clinical trials thereof. PERSPECTIVE: Intrathecal treatments that enhance spinal endomorphin 2 analgesic responsiveness under basal conditions lessen mechanical allodynia in a chronic pain model. Findings provide a foundation for developing drugs that harness endogenous opioid antinociception for chronic pain relief, lessening the need for exogenous opioids and thus prescription opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Emiliya M Storman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York..
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17
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Nourbakhsh F, Atabaki R, Roohbakhsh A. The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the modulation of pain: A review. Life Sci 2018; 212:59-69. [PMID: 30236869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large number of receptors. Orphan GPCRs are divided into six families. These groups contain orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligands are unclear. They have various physiological effects in the body and have the potential to be used in the treatment of different diseases. Considering their important role in the central and peripheral nervous system, their role in the treatment of pain has been the subject of some recent studies. At present, there are effective therapeutics for the treatment of pain including opioid medications and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the side effects of these drugs and the risks of tolerance and dependence remain a major problem. In addition, neuropathic pain is a condition that does not respond to currently available analgesic medications well. In the present review article, we aimed to review the most recent findings regarding the role of orphan GPCRs in the treatment of pain. Accordingly, based on the preclinical findings, the role of GPR3, GPR7, GPR8, GPR18, GPR30, GPR35, GPR40, GPR55, GPR74, and GPR147 in the treatment of pain was discussed. The present study highlights the role of orphan GPCRs in the modulation of pain and implies that these receptors are potential new targets for finding better and more efficient therapeutics for the management of pain particularly neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rabi Atabaki
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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18
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Artero-Morales M, González-Rodríguez S, Ferrer-Montiel A. TRP Channels as Potential Targets for Sex-Related Differences in Migraine Pain. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 30155469 PMCID: PMC6102492 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is one of the most debilitating human diseases and represents a social and economic burden for our society. Great efforts are being made to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pain transduction. It is particularly noteworthy that some types of chronic pain, such as migraine, display a remarkable sex dimorphism, being up to three times more prevalent in women than in men. This gender prevalence in migraine appears to be related to sex differences arising from both gonadal and genetic factors. Indeed, the functionality of the somatosensory, immune, and endothelial systems seems modulated by sex hormones, as well as by X-linked genes differentially expressed during development. Here, we review the current data on the modulation of the somatosensory system functionality by gonadal hormones. Although this is still an area that requires intense investigation, there is evidence suggesting a direct regulation of nociceptor activity by sex hormones at the transcriptional, translational, and functional levels. Data are being accumulated on the effect of sex hormones on TRP channels such as TRPV1 that make pivotal contributions to nociceptor excitability and sensitization in migraine and other chronic pain syndromes. These data suggest that modulation of TRP channels' expression and/or activity by gonadal hormones provide novel pathways for drug intervention that may be useful for targeting the sex dimorphism observed in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Artero-Morales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universitas Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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19
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Shepherd AJ, Cloud ME, Cao YQ, Mohapatra DP. Deficits in Burrowing Behaviors Are Associated With Mouse Models of Neuropathic but Not Inflammatory Pain or Migraine. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:124. [PMID: 30002622 PMCID: PMC6031738 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Burrowing, or the removal of material from an enclosed tube, is emerging as a prominent means of testing changes in a voluntary behavior in rodent models of various pain states. Here, we report no significant differences between male and female mice in terms of burrowing performance, in a substantially shorter time frame than previous reports. We found that the color of the burrow tube affects the variability of burrowing performance when tested in a lit room, suggesting that light aversion is at least a partial driver of this behavior. Spared nerve injury (SNI; as a model of neuropathy) impairs burrowing performance and correlates with enhanced mechanical sensitivity as assessed by von Frey filaments, as well as being pharmacologically reversed by an analgesic, gabapentin. Loss of the SNI-induced burrowing deficit was observed with daily testing post-surgery, but not when the testing interval was increased to 5 days, suggesting a confounding effect of daily repeat testing in this paradigm. Intraplantar complete Freund’s adjuvant (as a model of inflammatory pain) and systemic nitroglycerin (as a model of migraine-like symptoms) administration did not induce any burrowing deficit, indicating that assessment of burrowing behavior may not be universally suitable for the detection of behavioral changes across all rodent pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shepherd
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan E Cloud
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yu-Qing Cao
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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20
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Estrogens synthesized and acting within a spinal oligomer suppress spinal endomorphin 2 antinociception: ebb and flow over the rat reproductive cycle. Pain 2018; 158:1903-1914. [PMID: 28902684 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of antinociception elicited by intrathecal endomorphin 2 (EM2), an endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) ligand, varies across the rat estrous cycle. We now report that phasic changes in analgesic responsiveness to spinal EM2 result from plastic interactions within a novel membrane-bound oligomer containing estrogen receptors (mERs), aromatase (aka estrogen synthase), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), and MOR. During diestrus, spinal mERs, activated by locally synthesized estrogens, act with mGluR1 to suppress spinal EM2/MOR antinociception. The emergence of robust spinal EM2 antinociception during proestrus results from the loss of mER-mGluR1 suppression, a consequence of altered interactions within the oligomer. The chemical pairing of aromatase with mERs within the oligomer containing MOR and mGluR1 allows estrogens to function as intracellular messengers whose synthesis and actions are confined to the same signaling oligomer. This form of estrogenic signaling, which we term "oligocrine," enables discrete, highly compartmentalized estrogen/mER-mGluR1 signaling to regulate MOR-mediated antinociception induced by EM2. Finally, spinal neurons were observed not only to coexpress MOR, mERα, aromatase, and mGluR1 but also be apposed by EM2 varicosities. This suggests that modulation of spinal analgesic responsiveness to exogenous EM2 likely reflects changes in its endogenous analgesic activity. Analogous suppression of spinal EM2 antinociception in women (eg, around menses, comparable with diestrus in rats) as well as the (pathological) inability to transition out of that suppressed state at other menstrual cycle stages could underlie, at least in part, the much greater prevalence and severity of chronic pain in women than men.
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21
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Hernandez-Leon A, De la Luz-Cuellar YE, Granados-Soto V, González-Trujano ME, Fernández-Guasti A. Sex differences and estradiol involvement in hyperalgesia and allodynia in an experimental model of fibromyalgia. Horm Behav 2018; 97:39-46. [PMID: 29080671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculoskeletal chronic pain syndrome. Its prevalence in women is higher than in men possibly by hormonal factors given that symptoms are aggravated during sex hormone-related events, such as the premenstrual period, pregnancy, postpartum or menopause. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperalgesia and allodynia, in reserpine-induced experimental FM, depend on sex, estrous cycle, ovariectomy and replacement with 17β-estradiol. To fulfill this objective, we compared males, intact females with known estrous cycle phases and ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with 17β-estradiol. Data demonstrated that reserpine administration disrupted the normal estrous cycle and produced that all females entered metestrus/diestrus. In addition, this treatment leads to muscle hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in a similar manner in male and intact female rats. However, the absence of ovarian hormones (in OVX rats) increased muscle nociception. 17β-estradiol (2.5-10μg/rat) produced antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects 24h, but not 8h, after its administration, suggesting a genomic mechanism. The present results support the validity of the reserpine-induced FM model for searching alternatives of treatment, particularly during endocrine phases when pain is exacerbated such as menopause, and that 17β-estradiol replacement might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yarim Elideth De la Luz-Cuellar
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alonso Fernández-Guasti
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Unidad Coapa, Calz. De los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Zielińska M, Fichna J, Bashashati M, Habibi S, Sibaev A, Timmermans JP, Storr M. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor and estrogen receptor ligands regulate colonic motility and visceral pain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28191706 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which occurs more frequently in women than men. The aim of our study was to determine the role of activation of classical estrogen receptors (ER) and novel membrane receptor, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in human and mouse tissue and to assess the possible cross talk between these receptors in the GI tract. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of GPER in human and mouse intestines. The effect of G-1, a GPER selective agonist, and estradiol, a non-selective ER agonist, on muscle contractility was characterized in isolated preparations of the human and mouse colon. To characterize the effect of G-1 and estradiol in vivo, colonic bead expulsion test was performed. G-1 and estradiol activity on the visceral pain signaling was assessed in the mustard oil-induced abdominal pain model. KEY RESULTS GPER is expressed in the human colon and in the mouse colon and ileum. G-1 and estradiol inhibited muscle contractility in vitro in human and mouse colon. G-1 or estradiol administered intravenously at the dose of 20 mg/kg significantly prolonged the time to bead expulsion in females. Moreover, G-1 prolonged the time to bead expulsion and inhibited GI hypermotility in both genders. The injection of G-1 or estradiol resulted in a significant reduction in the number of pain-induced behaviors in mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES GPER and ER receptors are involved in the regulation of GI motility and visceral pain. Both may thus constitute an important pharmacological target in the IBS-D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Bashashati
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Habibi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A Sibaev
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J-P Timmermans
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Storr
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Naito Y, Wakabayashi H, Kato S, Nakagawa T, Iino T, Sudo A. Alendronate inhibits hyperalgesia and suppresses neuropeptide markers of pain in a mouse model of osteoporosis. J Orthop Sci 2017; 22:771-777. [PMID: 28258808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic back pain is one of the most important complications of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis and to examine the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates (BPs) on pain in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The mechanism of osteoporotic pain in OVX mice was evaluated through an examination of pain-related behavior, as well as immunohistochemical findings. In addition, the effects of alendronate (ALN), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, on these parameters were assessed. METHODS 8-week-old female ddY mice were ovariectomized and assigned to 3 groups: SHAM-operated mice treated with vehicle (SHAM; n = 8); OVX mice treated with vehicle (OVX-V; n = 8); and OVX mice treated with ALN (OVX-ALN; n = 8). Starting immediately after surgery, vehicle or 40 μg/kg ALN was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 4 weeks. The bilateral distal femoral metaphyses and proximal tibial metaphyses were analyzed three-dimensionally by μCT. Mechanical sensitivity was tested using von Frey filaments. Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expressions in L3-5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Ovariectomy induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in hindlimbs with upregulation of TRPV1 and CGRP expressions in DRG neurons innervating hindlimbs. ALN prevented bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in ovariectomized mouse hindlimbs, and it suppressed upregulation of pain markers. CONCLUSIONS ALN prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in hindlimbs, and it suppressed TRPV1 and CGRP expressions in DRG neurons. The results suggest that bone resorption with upregulation of TRPV1 and CGRP expressions is one of the causes of postmenopausal osteoporotic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Sho Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taro Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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24
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Kubo T, Tsuji S, Amano T, Yoshino F, Niwa Y, Kasahara K, Yoshida S, Mukaisho KI, Sugihara H, Tanaka S, Kimura F, Takahashi K, Murakami T. Effects of β-estradiol on cold-sensitive receptor channel TRPM8 in ovariectomized rats. Exp Anim 2017. [PMID: 28626113 PMCID: PMC5682346 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) is associated
with sensitivity to cold sensation in mammals. A previous study demonstrated that TRPM8
was overexpressed in the skin of ovariectomized (OVX) rats due to the loss of estrogen. In
the present study, we investigated whether estrogen replacement restricts overexpression
of the TRPM8 channel in the skin of OVX rats. We divided 15 Sprague Dawley rats into three
groups: a non-operated group (NON-OPE), an ovariectomy group (OVX), and a group subjected
to estrogen replacement during 4 weeks beginning 7 days after ovariectomy (OVX + E2). Five
weeks later, TRPM8 channel mRNA and protein in lumbar skin were quantified by real-time
RT-PCR, protein ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The OVX + E2 group exhibited a trend for
decreased expression of the TRPM8 channel in the lumbar skin in comparison with the OVX
group, whereas ELISA data and immunohistochemistry data and immunohistochemistry graphs
relating to TRPM8 protein did not show any obvious differences between the OVX group and
the OVX + E2 group. Estrogen replacement may restrict the overexpression of TRPM8 in the
dermis of OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Amano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Fumi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoko Niwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kasahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, Division of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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25
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Chronic Osteoporotic Pain in Mice: Cutaneous and Deep Musculoskeletal Pain Are Partially Independent of Bone Resorption and Differentially Sensitive to Pharmacological Interventions. J Osteoporos 2017; 2017:7582716. [PMID: 28299231 PMCID: PMC5337358 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7582716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pathological changes in osteoporotic bones are well established, the characterization of the osteoporotic pain and its appropriate treatment are not fully elucidated. We investigated the behavioral signs of cutaneous and deep musculoskeletal pain and physical function; time-dependent changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and the emergence of the behavioral phenotype; and the effects of pharmacological interventions having different mechanisms of action (chronic intraperitoneal administration of pamidronate [0.25 mg/kg, 5x/week for 5 weeks] versus acute treatment with intraperitoneal morphine [10 mg/kg] and pregabalin [100 mg/kg]) in a mouse model of ovariectomized or sham-operated mice 6 months following surgery. We observed reduced BMD associated with weight gain, referred cutaneous hypersensitivity, and deep musculoskeletal pain that persisted for 6 months. Chronic bisphosphonate treatment, 6 months after ovariectomy, reversed bone loss and hypersensitivity to cold, but other behavioral indices of osteoporotic pain were unchanged. While the efficacy of acute morphine on cutaneous pain was weak, pregabalin was highly effective; deep musculoskeletal pain was intractable. In conclusion, the reversal of bone loss alone is insufficient to manage pain in chronic osteoporosis. Additional treatments, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, should be implemented to improve quality of life for osteoporosis patients.
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26
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Inhibitory effect of estrogen receptor beta on P2X3 receptors during inflammation in rats. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:105-117. [PMID: 27817132 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been shown to play a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying how ERβ exerts therapeutic effects and its relationship with P2X3 receptors (P2X3R) in rats with inflammation is not known. In our study, animal behavior tests, visceromotor reflex recording, and Western blotting were used to determine whether the therapeutic effect of ERβ in rats with inflammation was related with P2X3R. In complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammation in rats, paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased which were then reversed by systemic injection of ERβ agonists, DPN or ERB-041. In 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats, weight loss, higher DAI scores, increased visceromotor responses, and inflammatory responses were reversed by application of DPN or ERB-041. The higher expressions of P2X3R in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of CFA-treated rats and those in rectocolon and DRG of TNBS-treated rats were all decreased by injection of DPN or ERB-041. DPN application also inhibited P2X3R-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons from TNBS rats. Mechanical hyperalgesia and increased P2X3 expression in ovariectomized (OVX) CFA-treated rats were reversed by estrogen replacements. Furthermore, the expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in DRG and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) and c-fos in SCDH were significantly decreased after estrogen replacement compared with those of OVX rats. The ERK antagonist U0126 significantly reversed mechanical hyperalgesia in the OVX rats. These results suggest that estrogen may play an important therapeutic role in inflammation through down-regulation of P2X3R in peripheral tissues and the nervous system, probably via ERβ, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical treatment of inflammation.
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27
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Norcini M, Sideris A, Adler SM, Hernandez LAM, Zhang J, Blanck TJJ, Recio-Pinto E. NR2B Expression in Rat DRG Is Differentially Regulated Following Peripheral Nerve Injuries That Lead to Transient or Sustained Stimuli-Evoked Hypersensitivity. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:100. [PMID: 27803647 PMCID: PMC5068091 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injury, primary sensory neurons undergo changes that drive central sensitization and contribute to the maintenance of persistent hypersensitivity. NR2B expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has not been previously examined in neuropathic pain models. Here, we investigated if changes in NR2B expression within the DRG are associated with hypersensitivities that result from peripheral nerve injuries. This was done by comparing the NR2B expression in the DRG derived from two modalities of the spared nerve injury (SNI) model, since each variant produces different neuropathic pain phenotypes. Using the electronic von Frey to stimulate the spared and non-spared regions of the hindpaws, we demonstrated that sural-SNI animals develop sustained neuropathic pain in both regions while the tibial-SNI animals recover. NR2B expression was measured at Day 23 and Day 86 post-injury. At Day 23 and 86 post-injury, sural-SNI animals display strong hypersensitivity, whereas tibial-SNI animals display 50 and 100% recovery from post-injury-induced hypersensitivity, respectively. In tibial-SNI at Day 86, but not at Day 23 the perinuclear region of the neuronal somata displayed an increase in NR2B protein. This retention of NR2B protein within the perinuclear region, which will render them non-functional, correlates with the recovery observed in tibial-SNI. In sural-SNI at Day 86, DRG displayed an increase in NR2B mRNA which correlates with the development of sustained hypersensitivity in this model. The increase in NR2B mRNA was not associated with an increase in NR2B protein within the neuronal somata. The latter may result from a decrease in kinesin Kif17, since Kif17 mediates NR2B transport to the soma’s plasma membrane. In both SNIs, microglia/macrophages showed a transient increase in NR2B protein detected at Day 23 but not at Day 86, which correlates with the initial post-injury induced hypersensitivity in both SNIs. In tibial-SNI at Day 86, but not at Day 23, satellite glia cells (SGCs) displayed an increase in NR2B protein. This study is the first to characterize of cell-specific changes in NR2B expression within the DRG following peripheral nerve injury. We discuss how the observed NR2B changes in DRG can contribute to the different neuropathic pain phenotypes displayed by each SNI variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Norcini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Sideris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York NY, USA
| | - Samantha M Adler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York NY, USA
| | - Lourdes A M Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York NY, USA
| | - Thomas J J Blanck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New YorkNY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New YorkNY, USA
| | - Esperanza Recio-Pinto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New YorkNY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University, New YorkNY, USA
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28
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Knuesel C, Oulevey-Meier M, Flogerzi B, Krayer M, Gschossmann I, Miller J, Tovar L, Janko S, Gschossmann JM. Effect of estrogen on visceral sensory function in a non-inflammatory colonic hypersensitivity rat model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:1570-9. [PMID: 27230266 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in women and perimenstrually accentuated symptoms imply that sexual hormones play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of such syndromes. The aim of this study was to analyze the selective effect of estrogen on visceral sensitivity in gonadectomized female and male Lewis rats with or without prior treatment with butyrate enemas. METHODS Following ovariectomy (OVX) or orchiectomy (ORX) estradiol pellets (E2-P) or sham pellets (Sham-P) were implanted. After treatment with butyrate (BUT) or saline (NaCl) enemas, colorectal distensions (CRD) were performed and the visceromotor reflex (VMR) to CRD was measured by electromyography. KEY RESULTS Gender did not influence VMR to CRD in gonadectomized animals. VMR in E2-P animals compared to Sham-P animals was increased (635 ± 32 μVs vs 470 ± 39 μVs; p = 0.002). Overall, instillation of butyrate enemas did not influence VMR to CRD. A comparison of CRD clusters showed that butyrate enemas in the E2-P animals resulted in a significant sensitization in both OVX and ORX animals. In female rats, sensitization was also caused by estrogen substitution alone. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES In our animal model, estrogen is a strong factor for an increase in visceral sensory function. Surprisingly, the treatment with butyrate alone did not evoke a general rise in VMR to CRD. Rats treated with butyrate enemas and under selective estrogen substitution developed visceral sensitization during the series of CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Knuesel
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Oulevey-Meier
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - B Flogerzi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Krayer
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - I Gschossmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - J Miller
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - L Tovar
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - S Janko
- Department of Statistics and Econometry, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - J M Gschossmann
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital/University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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29
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Sajjad J, Felice VD, Golubeva AV, Cryan JF, O’Mahony SM. Sex-dependent activity of the spinal excitatory amino acid transporter: Role of estrous cycle. Neuroscience 2016; 333:311-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Jaramillo-Morales OA, Espinosa-Juárez JV, Corona-Ramos JN, López-Muñoz FJ. Nociceptive Alteration by High Sucrose Diet in Hypoestrogenic Wistar Rats. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:258-66. [PMID: 27449485 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Obesity is a risk factor associated with alterations in pain perception. The aim of this study was to analyse a time-course of nociceptive responses (plantar test) in hypoestrogenic rats after the induction of obesity. Animals (hypoestrogenic and naïve) received either a hypercaloric or regular diet for 24 weeks. Thermal nociception and body weight were measured during this period. At the 4th and 17th weeks after treatment, oral glucose tolerance, blood insulin levels, abdominal fat weight, and uric acid levels were measured. The hypoestrogenic rats on a high sucrose diet had higher body weight and abdominal fat weight than control rats. A biphasic response was observed in the ovariectomized group fed with sucrose with thermal latency being decreased in the fourth week. During weeks 12-18, thermal latency increased compared to that of the hypoestrogenic control. There were no differences in basal blood glucose levels at the 4th and 17th weeks; however, oral glucose tolerance, insulin, and uric acid levels were altered. This indicated that increased body weight and fat as well as alteration sin glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperuricemia, may be associated with the biphasic nociceptive response. Drug Dev Res 77 : 258-266, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Robarge JD, Duarte DB, Shariati B, Wang R, Flockhart DA, Vasko MR. Aromatase inhibitors augment nociceptive behaviors in rats and enhance the excitability of sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:53-65. [PMID: 27072527 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are commonly used therapies for breast cancer, their use is limited because they produce arthralgia in a large number of patients. To determine whether AIs produce hypersensitivity in animal models of pain, we examined the effects of the AI, letrozole, on mechanical, thermal, and chemical sensitivity in rats. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats, administering a single dose of 1 or 5mg/kg letrozole significantly reduced mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds, without altering thermal sensitivity. Repeated injection of 5mg/kg letrozole in male rats produced mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity that extinguished when drug dosing was stopped. A single dose of 5mg/kg letrozole or daily dosing of letrozole or exemestane in male rats also augmented flinching behavior induced by intraplantar injection of 1000nmol of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). To determine whether sensitization of sensory neurons contributed to AI-induced hypersensitivity, we evaluated the excitability of neurons isolated from dorsal root ganglia of male rats chronically treated with letrozole. Both small and medium-diameter sensory neurons isolated from letrozole-treated rats were more excitable, as reflected by increased action potential firing in response to a ramp of depolarizing current, a lower resting membrane potential, and a lower rheobase. However, systemic letrozole treatment did not augment the stimulus-evoked release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from spinal cord slices, suggesting that the enhanced nociceptive responses were not secondary to an increase in peptide release from sensory endings in the spinal cord. These results provide the first evidence that AIs modulate the excitability of sensory neurons, which may be a primary mechanism for the effect of these drugs to augment pain behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Robarge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Djane B Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Behzad Shariati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - David A Flockhart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Michael R Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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32
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Chen CH, Lin CL, Kao CH. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144589. [PMID: 26731277 PMCID: PMC4701489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormal interaction in the brain–gut axis has emerged as one of the relevant pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, the brain–gut axis has recently been demonstrated to be crucial for the maintenance of cognitive performance. Therefore, we assessed the risk of dementia following diagnosis of IBS. Methods Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to obtain medical claims data from 2000 to 2011, we employed a random sampling method to enroll32 298 adult patients with IBS and frequency-matched them according to sex, age, and baseline year with 129 192 patients without IBS. Results The patients with IBS exhibited an increased risk of dementia [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–1.35]after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), head injury, depression, and epilepsy, and the overall incidence of dementia for the cohorts with and without IBS was 4.86 and 3.41 per 1000 person-years, respectively. IBS was associated with an increased risk of dementia in patients older than 50 years in both male and female, and in those with comorbidity or without comorbidity. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidity, patients with IBS were also more likely to develop either non- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia (aHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.15–1.33) or AD (aHR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.28–2.43). Conclusions IBS is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and this effect is obvious only in patients who are ≥50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Chen
- Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Meiho University of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Wang C, Wang Z, Yang Y, Zhu C, Wu G, Yu G, Jian T, Yang N, Shi H, Tang M, He Q, Lan L, Liu Q, Guan Y, Dong X, Duan J, Tang Z. Pirt contributes to uterine contraction-induced pain in mice. Mol Pain 2015; 11:57. [PMID: 26376721 PMCID: PMC4574137 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine contraction-induced pain (UCP) represents a common and severe form of visceral pain. Nerve fibers that innervate uterine tissue express the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1), which has been shown to be involved in the perception of UCP. The phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of TRP (Pirt) may act as a regulatory subunit of TRPV1. The intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin into female mice after a 6-day priming treatment with estradiol benzoate induces writhing responses, which reflect the presence of UCP. Here, we first compared writhing response between Pirt (+/+) and Pirt (-/-) mice. Second, we examined the innervation of Pirt-expressing nerves in the uterus of Pirt (-/-) mice by immunofluorescence and two-photon microscopy. Third, we identified the soma of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that innerve the uterus using retrograde tracing and further characterized the neurochemical properties of these DRG neurons. Finally, we compared the calcium response of capsaicin between DRG neurons from Pirt (+/+) and Pirt (-/-) mice. We found that the writhing responses were less intensive in Pirt (-/-) mice than in Pirt (+/+) mice. We also observed Pirt-expressing nerve fibers in the myometrium of the uterus, and that retrograde-labeled cells were small-diameter, unmyelinated, and Pirt-positive DRG neurons. Additionally, we found that the number of capsaicin-responding neurons and the magnitude of evoked calcium response were markedly reduced in DRG neurons from Pirt (-/-) mice. Taken together, we speculate that Pirt plays an important role in mice uterine contraction-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongli Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chan Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guanyi Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tunyu Jian
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Niuniu Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Tang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian He
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Lan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jinao Duan
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Abe Y, Iba K, Sasaki K, Chiba H, Kanaya K, Kawamata T, Oda K, Amizuka N, Sasaki M, Yamashita T. Inhibitory effect of bisphosphonate on osteoclast function contributes to improved skeletal pain in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:125-34. [PMID: 24633536 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis and to examine the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonate (BP) on pain in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. We evaluated skeletal pain in OVX mice through an examination of pain-like behavior as well as immunohistochemical findings. In addition, we assessed the effects of alendronate (ALN), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, on those parameters. The OVX mice showed a decrease in the pain threshold value, and an increase in the number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in laminae I-II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Alendronate caused an increase in the pain threshold value and inhibited c-Fos expression. The serum level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a marker of osteoclast activity, was significantly negatively correlated with the pain threshold value. Furthermore, we found that an antagonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1, which is an acid-sensing nociceptor, improved pain-like behavior in OVX mice. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of BP on osteoclast function might contribute to an improvement in skeletal pain in osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Greaves E, Grieve K, Horne AW, Saunders PTK. Elevated peritoneal expression and estrogen regulation of nociceptive ion channels in endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1738-43. [PMID: 25029427 PMCID: PMC4207935 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ovarian suppression is a common treatment for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain. Its exact mechanism of action is poorly understood, although it is assumed to reflect reduced production/action of estrogens. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to measure the expression of mRNAs encoded by nociceptive genes in the peritoneum of women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with or without endometriosis and to investigate whether estrogens alter nociceptive gene expression in human sensory neurons. DESIGN The study was performed using human tissue analysis and cell culture. SETTING The study was conducted at a university research institute. PATIENTS Peritoneal biopsies were obtained from women with CPP and endometriosis (n = 12), CPP and no endometriosis (n = 10), and no pain or endometriosis (n = 5). Endometriosis lesions were obtained from women with endometriosis (n = 18). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mRNAs encoding ion channels (P2RX3, SCN9A, SCN11A, TRPA1, TRPV1) and the neurotransmitter TAC1 were measured in human tissue samples and in human embryonic stem cell-derived sensory neurons treated with estrogens. RESULTS TRPV1, TRPA1, and SCN11A mRNAs were significantly higher in the peritoneum from women with endometriosis (P < .001, P < .01). TRPV1, SCN9A, and TAC1 were elevated in endometriosis lesions (P < .05). P2RX3 mRNA was increased in the peritoneum of women with CPP, with and without endometriosis (P < .05). Incubation of sensory neurons with 17β-estradiol increased TRPV1 mRNA (P < .01). The estrogen receptor-β-selective agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionitrile increased concentrations of TRPV1, P2RX3, SCN9A, and TAC1 mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen-dependent expression of TRPV1 in sensory neurons may explain why ovarian suppression can reduce endometriosis-associated pain. Strategies directly targeting ion channels may offer an alternative option for the management of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Greaves
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Meleine M, Matricon J. Gender-related differences in irritable bowel syndrome: Potential mechanisms of sex hormones. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6725-6743. [PMID: 24944465 PMCID: PMC4051914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to epidemiological studies, twice as many women as men are affected by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in western countries, suggesting a role for sex hormones in IBS pathophysiology. Despite growing evidence about the implications of sex hormones in IBS symptom modulation, data on mechanisms by which they influence disease development are sparse. This review aims to determine the state of knowledge about the role of sex hormones in sensorimotor dysfunctions and to address the possible interplay of sex hormones with common risk factors associated with IBS. The scientific bibliography was searched using the following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, sex, gender, ovarian hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, symptoms, pain, sensitivity, motility, permeability, stress, immune system, brain activity, spinal, supraspinal, imaging. Ovarian hormones variations along the menstrual cycle affect sensorimotor gastrointestinal function in both healthy and IBS populations. They can modulate pain processing by interacting with neuromodulator systems and the emotional system responsible for visceral pain perception. These hormones can also modulate the susceptibility to stress, which is a pivotal factor in IBS occurrence and symptom severity. For instance, estrogen-dependent hyper-responsiveness to stress can promote immune activation or impairments of gut barrier function. In conclusion, whereas it is important to keep in mind that ovarian hormones cannot be considered as a causal factor of IBS, they arguably modulate IBS onset and symptomatology. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited and studies assessing the link between IBS symptoms and ovarian hormone levels are needed to improve our knowledge of the disease evolution with regard to gender. Further studies assessing the role of male hormones are also needed to understand fully the role of sex hormones in IBS. Finally, investigation of brain-gut interactions is critical to decipher how stress, ovarian hormones, and female brain processing of pain can translate into gut dysfunctions.
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Blockade of substance P receptor attenuates osteoporotic pain, but not bone loss, in ovariectomized mice. Menopause 2014; 20:1074-83. [PMID: 23549442 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31828837a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a substance P (SP) receptor (NK1 receptor [NK1-R]) antagonist on hyperalgesia and bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. METHODS Thirty-six 9-week-old mice were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery. Three weeks after the operation, the mice were treated with either a single-dose injection or 2-week repeated daily administration of L-703606, an NK1-R antagonist. Behavioral tests were performed for pain assessment; tibiae and the third lumbar vertebrae were dissected and assessed for microarchitectural or biomechanical properties. The expressions of SP and NK1-R in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord were also evaluated. RESULTS Both single-dose injection and 2-week repeated injections of L-703606 led to a significant increase in nociceptive threshold in ovariectomized mice. However, the antihyperalgesic effect faded at 2 hours and almost disappeared at 5 hours after a single-dose injection. With the 14-day repeated treatment of ovariectomized mice, the effect was not detectable at 24 hours after the first injection but was obvious at 24 hours after 1-week and 2-week administrations and still existed at 48 hours after the last injection. Ovariectomized mice at the hyperalgesic state had enhanced SP immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia and up-regulated SP and NK1-R expressions in the spinal cord. However, no significant change in serum SP level was detected. Two-week treatment with L-703606 could down-regulate these expressions but failed to salvage the deteriorated trabecular microstructure and reduced compressive strength in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen deficiency-induced hyperalgesia is achieved through up-regulation of SP and NK1-R expressions. Blockade of SP receptor can alleviate pain but cannot ameliorate bone loss. NK1-R antagonist is not recommended for the treatment of estrogen deficiency osteoporosis.
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Qin B, Dong L, Guo X, Jiang J, He Y, Wang X, Li L, Zhao J. Expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in irritable bowel syndrome and its clinical significance. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4733-8. [PMID: 24966932 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen is suggested to participate in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but expression of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the colon of IBS patients has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GPER and classical estrogen receptors in the colon of IBS patients and healthy controls. METHODS Colonic biopsies were obtained by endoscopy from patients with IBS (n=46) and healthy subjects (n=13). Expression of GPER, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in mast cells were measured by double-labelling immunofluorescence. Quantification of mRNA expression was performed for GPER, ERα and ERβ by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Differential distribution of GPER, ERα and ERβ were detected in human colonic mucosa. The expression of GPER in the cytoplasm of mast cells and GPER-positive cells was significantly higher in diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) patients than that in constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS, P<0.001) patients and healthy subjects (P=0.005). ERα and ERβ were not detected in majority of mast cells in colonic mucosa and no difference of immunostaining results for ERα and ERβ was found among these three groups. A positive correlation (r=0.451, P=0.011) between GPER-positive cell counts and abdominal pain severity was observed in D-IBS group. Relative mRNA expression of GPER in D-IBS was also higher than that in C-IBS (P=0.018) and healthy subjects (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS The present study, for the first time, demonstrated the expression of GPER in human colonic mucosa and its correlation with abdominal pain severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Jiong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Yangxin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
| | - Juhui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, China
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Li LH, Wang ZC, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Ovariectomy results in variable changes in nociception, mood and depression in adult female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94312. [PMID: 24710472 PMCID: PMC3978042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline in the ovarian hormones with menopause may influence somatosensory, cognitive, and affective processing. The present study investigated whether hormonal depletion alters the nociceptive, depressive-like and learning behaviors in experimental rats after ovariectomy (OVX), a common method to deplete animals of their gonadal hormones. OVX rats developed thermal hyperalgesia in proximal and distal tail that was established 2 weeks after OVX and lasted the 7 weeks of the experiment. A robust mechanical allodynia was also occurred at 5 weeks after OVX. In the 5th week after OVX, dilute formalin (5%)-induced nociceptive responses (such as elevating and licking or biting) during the second phase were significantly increased as compared to intact and sham-OVX females. However, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve-induced mechanical allodynia did not differ as hormonal status (e.g. OVX and ovarian intact). Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA), which is believed to reflect the pain-related negative emotion, we further found that OVX significantly attenuated F-CPA scores but did not alter electric foot-shock-induced CPA (S-CPA). In the open field and forced swimming test, there was an increase in depressive-like behaviors in OVX rats. There was no detectable impairment of spatial performance by Morris water maze task in OVX rats up to 5 weeks after surgery. Estrogen replacement retrieved OVX-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors. This is the first study to investigate the impacts of ovarian removal on nociceptive perception, negative emotion, depressive-like behaviors and spatial learning in adult female rats in a uniform and standard way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical Colloge, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Yan XJ, Feng CC, Liu Q, Zhang LY, Dong X, Liu ZL, Cao ZJ, Mo JZ, Li Y, Fang JY, Chen SL. Vagal Afferents Mediate Antinociception of Estrogen in a Rat Model of Visceral Pain: The Involvement of Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells and 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 15:204-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Boucher Y, Simons CT, Carstens MI, Carstens E. Effects of gustatory nerve transection and/or ovariectomy on oral capsaicin avoidance in rats. Pain 2014; 155:814-820. [PMID: 24468031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic oral pain such as burning mouth syndrome is greater in peri-menopausal females, and was postulated to be associated with gustatory nerve damage. We investigated whether bilateral transection of the chorda tympani, with or without accompanying ovariectomy, affected oral capsaicin avoidance in rats. Female rats had restricted access to 2 bottles, 1 bottle containing capsaicin (concentration range: 0.33-33 μM/L) and the other vehicle. Percent volume of capsaicin consumption and lick counts were measured. The concentration series was tested before and 0.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the following surgical procedures: (a) bilateral transection of the chorda tympani (CTx); (b) ovariectomy (OVx); (3) CTx plus OVx; or (4) sham CT surgery. Before surgery there was a concentration-dependent decrease in licks and volume of capsaicin consumed, with a threshold between 0.1 and 0.3 ppm. The majority of drink licks occurred during the first 9 minutes of access. Over the 12-month test period, the CTx group did not exhibit reduced capsaicin consumption, and consumed significantly more capsaicin at 6 and 9 months postsurgery. Rats in the OVx group consistently consumed significantly less capsaicin and exhibited significantly higher counts of capsaicin-evoked Fos-like immunoreactivity in the dorsomedial trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) compared to all other treatment groups. That CTx, with or without OVx, did not enhance capsaicin avoidance indicates that damage to the gustatory system does not disinhibit trigeminal nociceptive transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Boucher
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA UFR d'odontologie, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Forrest SL, Osborne PB, Keast JR. Characterization of bladder sensory neurons in the context of myelination, receptors for pain modulators, and acute responses to bladder inflammation. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:206. [PMID: 24223534 PMCID: PMC3819567 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder sensation is mediated by lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and is essential for normal voiding and nociception. Numerous electrophysiological, structural, and molecular changes occur in these neurons following inflammation. Defining which neurons undergo these changes is critical for understanding the mechanism underlying bladder pain and dysfunction. Our first aim was to define the chemical classes of bladder sensory neurons that express receptors for the endogenous modulators of nociceptor sensitivity, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the related neurotrophic factor, artemin, and estrogens. Bladder sensory neurons of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were identified with retrograde tracer. Diverse groups of neurons express these receptors, and some neurons express receptors for both neurotrophic factors and estrogens. Lumbar and sacral sensory neurons showed some distinct differences in their expression profile. We also distinguished the chemical profile of myelinated and unmyelinated bladder sensory neurons. Our second aim was to identify bladder sensory neurons likely to be undergoing structural remodeling during inflammation. Following systemic administration of cyclophosphamide (CYP), its renal metabolite acrolein causes transient urothelial loss, exposing local afferent terminals to a toxic environment. CYP induced expression of the injury-related immediate-early gene product, activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), in a small population of sacral nitrergic bladder sensory neurons. In conclusion, we have defined the bladder sensory neurons that express receptors for GDNF, artemin and estrogens. Our study has also identified a sub-population of sacral sensory neurons that are likely to be undergoing structural remodeling during acute inflammation of the bladder. Together these results contribute to increased understanding of the neurons that are known to be involved in pain modulation and hyperreflexia during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L Forrest
- Pain Management Research Institute and Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Traub RJ, Ji Y. Sex differences and hormonal modulation of deep tissue pain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:350-66. [PMID: 23872333 PMCID: PMC3830473 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women disproportionately suffer from many deep tissue pain conditions. Experimental studies show that women have lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings and less tolerance to a range of painful stimuli. Most clinical and epidemiological reports suggest female gonadal hormones modulate pain for some, but not all, conditions. Similarly, animal studies support greater nociceptive sensitivity in females in many deep tissue pain models. Gonadal hormones modulate responses in primary afferents, dorsal horn neurons and supraspinal sites, but the direction of modulation is variable. This review will examine sex differences in deep tissue pain in humans and animals focusing on the role of gonadal hormones (mainly estradiol) as an underlying component of the modulation of pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore St., 8 South, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Pain Studies, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Amandusson Å, Blomqvist A. Estrogenic influences in pain processing. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:329-49. [PMID: 23817054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival, and the perception of somatosensory stimuli. Numerous studies on both animals and human subjects have also demonstrated the potential effects of gonadal hormones, such as estrogens, on pain transmission. These effects most likely involve multiple neuroanatomical circuits as well as diverse neurochemical systems and they therefore need to be evaluated specifically to determine the localization and intrinsic characteristics of the neurons engaged. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological as well as biochemical evidence in support for gonadal hormone modulation of nociceptive processing, with particular focus on estrogens and spinal cord mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Amandusson
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lu Y, Jiang Q, Yu L, Lu ZY, Meng SP, Su D, Burnstock G, Ma B. 17β-estradiol rapidly attenuates P2X3 receptor-mediated peripheral pain signal transduction via ERα and GPR30. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2421-33. [PMID: 23610132 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been reported to affect pain perception, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this investigation, pain behavior testing, patch clamp recording, and immunohistochemistry were used on rats and transgenic mice to determine which estrogen receptors (ERs) and the related signaling pathway are involved in the rapid modulation of estrogen on P2X3 receptor-mediated events. The results showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) rapidly inhibited pain induced by α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-me-ATP), a P2X1 and P2X3 receptor agonist in ovariectomized rats and normal rats in diestrus. The ERα agonist 4,49,499-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G-1 mimicked the estrogen effect, whereas the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) had no effect. In cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, PPT and G-1 but not DPN significantly attenuated α,β-me-ATP-mediated currents, with the dose-response curve of these currents shifted to the right. The inhibitory effect of E2 on P2X3 currents was blocked by G-15, a selective antagonist to the GPR30 estrogen receptor. E2 lacked this effect in DRG neurons from ERα-knockout mice but partly remained in those from ERβ-knockout mice. The P2X3 and GPR30 receptors were coexpressed in the rat DRG neurons. Furthermore, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reversed the inhibitory effect of E2 on α,β-me-ATP-induced pain and of PPT or G-1 on P2X3 receptor-mediated currents. The cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) agonist forskolin, but not the PKC agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), mimicked the estrogen-inhibitory effect on P2X3 receptor currents, which was blocked by another ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. These results suggest that estrogen regulates P2X3-mediated peripheral pain by acting on ERα and GPR30 receptors expressed in primary afferent neurons, which probably involves the intracellular cAMP-PKA-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Tang YR, Yang WW, Liang ML, Xu XY, Wang MF, Lin L. Age-related symptom and life quality changes in women with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:7175-83. [PMID: 23326122 PMCID: PMC3544019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore age-related changes in symptoms and quality of life (QoL) of women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS Two-hundred and fifty-four female adult outpatients with IBS attending the Department of Gastroenterology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January, 2008 and October, 2008 were approached. Patients with a history of abdominal surgery, mental illness or those who had recently taken psychotropic drugs were excluded. A physician obtained demographic and abdominal symptom data. All patients were asked to complete the Zung Self-Rated Anxiety and Depression Scale (SDS/SAS) and the IBS-specific QoL questionnaire. The patients were divided into six groups according to age, in 10-year increments: 18-27 years, 28-37 years, 38-47 years, 48-57 years, 58-67 years and 68-75 years (maximum 75 years). Age-related differences of abdominal pain or discomfort were analyzed using rank-sum tests. Differences in SDS/SAS and IBS-QoL scores between age groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Pearson's correlations evaluated potential associations between IBS symptoms, psychological factors and QoL in each age group. RESULTS There were no differences in the distribution of IBS subtypes between age groups (χ(2) = 20.516, P = 0.153). Differences in the severity of abdominal pain/discomfort with age were statistically significant (χ(2) = 25.638, P < 0.001); patients aged 48-57 years, 58-67 years or 68-75 years had milder abdominal pain/discomfort than those in the younger age groups. The severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms did not differ between age groups (SDS, χ(2) = 390.845, P = 0.110; SAS, χ(2) = 360.071, P = 0.220). Differences of IBS-QoL scores were statistically significant between age groups (χ(2) = 1098.458, P = 0.011). The scores of patients in the 48-57-year group were lower than those in the 18-27-year and 28-37-year groups (48-57-year group vs 18-27-year group, 74.88 ± 8.76 vs 79.76 ± 8.63, P = 0.021; 48-57-year group vs 28-37-year group, 74.88 ± 8.76 vs 79.04 ± 8.32, P = 0.014). The scores in the 68-75-year group were lower than those in the 18-27-year, 28-37-year and 38-47-year groups (68-75-year group vs 18-27-year group, 71.98 ± 9.83 vs 79.76 ± 8.63, P = 0.003; 68-75-year group vs 28-37-year group, 71.98 ± 9.83 vs 79.04 ± 8.32, P = 0.002; 68-75-year group vs 38-47-year group,71.98 ± 9.83 vs 76.44 ± 8.15, P = 0.039). Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with QoL in all age groups (SDS and QoL: 18-27-year group, r = -0.562, P = 0.005; 28-37-year group, r = -0.540, P < 0.001; 38-47-year group, r = -0.775, P < 0.001; 48-57-year group, r = -0.445, P = 0.001; 58-67-year group, r = -0.692, P < 0.001; 68-75-year group, r = -0.732, P < 0.001. SAS and QoL: 18-27-year group, r = -0.600, P = 0.002; 28-37-year group, r = -0.511, P < 0.001; 38-47-year group, r = -0.675, P < 0.001; 48-57-year group, r = -0.558, 58-67-year group, P = 0.001; r = -0.588, P < 0.001; 68-75-year group, r = -0.811, P < 0.001). A negative correlation between abdominal pain severity and QoL was found in patients aged more than 58 years (58-67-year group, r = -0.366, P = 0.017; 68-75-year group, r = -0.448, P = 0.048 ), but not in younger patients (18-27-year group, r = 0.080, P = 0.716; 28-37-year group, r = -0.063, P = 0.679; 38-47-year group, r = -0.029, P = 0.812; 48-57-year group, r = -0.022, P = 0.876). CONCLUSION Factors affecting QoL should always be treated in IBS, especially emotional problems in young adults. Even mild abdominal pain should be controlled in elderly patients.
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Zhang Y, Lü N, Zhao ZQ, Zhang YQ. Involvement of estrogen in rapid pain modulation in the rat spinal cord. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2697-705. [PMID: 22903468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal role of estrogens in the pain sensitivity has been investigated in many ways. Traditionally, it is ascribed to the slow genomic changes mediated by classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, depending on peripheral estrogens. Recently, it has become clear that estrogens can also signal through membrane ERs (mERs), such as G-protein-coupled ER1 (GPER1), mediating the non-genomic effects. However, the spinal specific role played by ERs and the underlying cellular mechanisms remain elusive. The present study investigated the rapid estrogenic regulation of nociception at the spinal level. Spinal administration of 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent natural estrogen, acutely produced a remarkable mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia without significant differences among male, female and ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. E2-induced the pro-nociceptive effects were partially abrogated by ICI 182,780 (ERs antagonist), and mimicked by E2-BSA (a mER agonist). Inhibition of local E2 synthesis by 1,4,6-Androstatrien-3,17-dione (ATD, a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor), or blockade of ERs by ICI 182,780 produced an inhibitory effect on the late phase of formalin nociceptive responses. Notably, lumbar puncture injection of G15 (a selective GPER1 antagonist) resulted in similar but more efficient inhibition of formalin nociceptive responses as compared with ICI 182,780. At the cellular level, the amplitude and decay time of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents were attenuated by short E2 or E2-BSA treatment in spinal slices. These results indicate that estrogen acutely facilitates nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord via activation of membrane-bound estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Cao DY, Ji Y, Tang B, Traub RJ. Estrogen receptor β activation is antinociceptive in a model of visceral pain in the rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2012; 13:685-94. [PMID: 22698981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The mechanism underlying estrogen modulation of visceral pain remains unclear. Our previous studies indicate that activation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) enhances visceral pain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) activation in spinal processing of visceral stimuli. The effects of selective ERβ agonists on the visceromotor response (VMR) and dorsal horn neuronal responses to colorectal distention (CRD) were tested in ovariectomized and intact female rats. The magnitude of the VMR to CRD was significantly attenuated by ERβ agonists diarylpropionitrile (DPN) and WAY-200070 4 hours after subcutaneous injection. Pretreatment with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 obscured the DPN-evoked attenuation. There was no effect of DPN on the VMR at earlier time points. Subcutaneous and spinal administration of DPN attenuated the response of visceroceptive dorsal horn neurons with a comparable time course. DPN attenuated the VMR in intact rats regardless of estrous cycle stage. The time course of effect of ERβ activation on the visceromotor response and neuronal activity is consistent with transcriptional or translational modulation of neuronal activity. PERSPECTIVE Activation of ERβ is antinociceptive in the colorectal distention model of visceral pain, which may provide a therapeutic target to manage irritable bowel syndrome in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yuan Cao
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Sex differences in the symptoms and psychological factors that influence quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24:702-7. [PMID: 22382707 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328351b2c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between gender and symptomatology, psychological factors, and quality of life (QOL) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS The diagnosis of IBS was made on the basis of the Rome III Criteria. A physician obtained demographic and symptom data, Zung Self-Rated Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (SAS/SDS), and IBS-specific quality-of-life ratings (IBS-QOL). RESULTS Of the 4015 patients approached, 452 patients were diagnosed with IBS. Age ranged from 14 to 79 years (44.05 ± 14.89 years) and the male to female ratio was 1 : 1.3. The gender composition between the four IBS subtypes differed significantly (P<0.01). Male and female patients differed in their rating of abdominal pain/discomfort in terms of severity and time (P<0.01). Groups did not differ with regard to attack frequency. Female patients more frequently reported headache, dizziness, backache, muscular soreness, inappetence, insomnia, and fatigue (P<0.01). In comparison with men, anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in women (P<0.01). Severity, duration, and frequency of abdominal pain/discomfort did not correlate with IBS-QOL scores. Insomnia/fatigue was negatively correlated with IBS-QOL scores (P<0.01). SAS and SDS scores were negatively correlated with IBS-QOL (total score and each subscale; P<0.01). CONCLUSION There are significant gender differences in the symptoms, psychological rating, and QOL scores in IBS. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression all contribute to the negative impact of IBS. Our findings suggest that gender differences should be recognized in IBS treatment.
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Aggarwal M, Puri V, Puri S. Serotonin and CGRP in migraine. Ann Neurosci 2012; 19:88-94. [PMID: 25205974 PMCID: PMC4117050 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.12190210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is defined as recurrent attack of headache that are commonly unilateral and accompanied by gastrointestinal and visual disorders. Migraine is more prevalent in females than males with a ratio of 3:1. It is primarily a complex neurovascular disorder involving local vasodilation of intracranial, extracerebral blood vessels and simultaneous stimulation of surrounding trigeminal sensory nervous pain pathway that results in headache. The activation of 'trigeminovascular system' causes release of various vasodilators, especially calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that induces pain response. At the same time, decreased levels of neurotransmitter, serotonin have been observed in migraineurs. Serotonin receptors have been found on the trigeminal nerve and cranial vessels and their agonists especially triptans prove effective in migraine treatment. It has been found that triptans act on trigeminovascular system and bring the elevated serum levels of key molecules like calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) to normal. Currently CGRP receptor antagonists, olcegepant and telcagepant are under consideration for antimigraine therapeutics. It has been observed that varying levels of ovarian hormones especially estrogen influence serotonin neurotransmission system and CGRP levels making women more predisposed to migraine attacks. This review provides comprehensive information about the role of serotonin and CGRP in migraine, specifically the menstrual migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Biotechnology Branch (U.I.E.T)
- Centre for Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, INDIA
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