1
|
Rodríguez García DM, Szabo A, Mikesell AR, Zorn SJ, Tsafack UK, Sriram A, Waltz TB, Enders JD, Mecca CM, Stucky CL, Sadler KE. High-speed imaging of evoked rodent mechanical behaviors yields variable results that are not predictive of inflammatory injury. Pain 2024; 165:1569-1582. [PMID: 38314814 PMCID: PMC11189758 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Few analgesics identified using preclinical models have successfully translated to clinical use. These translational limitations may be due to the unidimensional nature of behavioral response measures used to assess rodent nociception. Advances in high-speed videography for pain behavior allow for objective quantification of nuanced aspects of evoked paw withdrawal responses. However, whether videography-based assessments of mechanical hypersensitivity outperform traditional measurement reproducibility is unknown. First, we determined whether high-speed videography of paw withdrawal was reproducible across experimenters. Second, we examined whether this method distinguishes behavioral responses exhibited by naive mice and mice with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation. Twelve experimenters stimulated naive C57BL/6 mice with varying mechanical stimuli. Paw withdrawal responses were recorded with high-speed videography and scored offline by one individual. Our group was unable to replicate the original findings produced by high-speed videography analysis. Surprisingly, ∼80% of variation was not accounted for by variables previously reported to distinguish between responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli (paw height, paw velocity, and pain score), or by additional variables (experimenter, time-of-day, and animal), but rather by unidentified factors. Similar high-speed videography assessments were performed in CFA- and vehicle-treated animals, and the cumulative data failed to reveal an effect of CFA injection on withdrawal as measured by high-speed videography. This study does not support using paw height, velocity, or pain score measurements from high-speed recordings to delineate behavioral responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli. Our group encourages the continued use of traditional mechanical withdrawal assessments until additional high-speed withdrawal measures are validated in established pain models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianise M Rodríguez García
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexander R Mikesell
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Samuel J Zorn
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ulrich Kemmo Tsafack
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anvitha Sriram
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tyler B Waltz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jonathan D Enders
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christina M Mecca
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cheryl L Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Katelyn E Sadler
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boada MD, Gutierrez S, Eisenach JC. Effects of systemic oxytocin administration on ultraviolet B-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and tactile hyposensitivity in mice. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241226553. [PMID: 38172079 PMCID: PMC10846038 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241226553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces cutaneous inflammation, leading to thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Here, we examine the mechanical properties and profile of tactile and nociceptive peripheral afferents functionally disrupted by this injury and the role of oxytocin (OXT) as a modulator of this disruption. We recorded intracellularly from L4 afferents innervating the irradiated area (5.1 J/cm2) in 4-6 old week male mice (C57BL/6J) after administering OXT intraperitoneally, 6 mg/Kg. The distribution of recorded neurons was shifted by UVB radiation to a pattern observed after acute and chronic injuries and reduced mechanical thresholds of A and C- high threshold mechanoreceptors while reducing tactile sensitivity. UVB radiation did not change somatic membrane electrical properties or fiber conduction velocity. OXT systemic administration rapidly reversed these peripheral changes toward normal in both low and high-threshold mechanoreceptors and shifted recorded neuron distribution toward normal. OXT and V1aR receptors were present on the terminals of myelinated and unmyelinated afferents innervating the skin. We conclude that UVB radiation, similar to local tissue surgical injury, cancer metastasis, and peripheral nerve injury, alters the distribution of low and high threshold mechanoreceptors afferents and sensitizes nociceptors while desensitizing tactile units. Acute systemic OXT administration partially returns all of those effects to normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Danilo Boada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Silvia Gutierrez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James C Eisenach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HY, Shim JH, Heo CY. A Rare Skeletal Disorder, Fibrous Dysplasia: A Review of Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15591. [PMID: 37958575 PMCID: PMC10650015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, non-hereditary skeletal disorder characterized by its chronic course of non-neoplastic fibrous tissue buildup in place of healthy bone. A myriad of factors have been associated with its onset and progression. Perturbation of cell-cell signaling networks and response outputs leading to disrupted building blocks, incoherent multi-level organization, and loss of rigid structural motifs in mineralized tissues are factors that have been identified to participate in FD induction. In more recent years, novel insights into the unique biology of FD are transforming our understandings of its pathology, natural discourse of the disease, and treatment prospects. Herein, we built upon existing knowledge with recent findings to review clinical, etiologic, and histological features of FD and discussed known and potential mechanisms underlying FD manifestations. Subsequently, we ended on a note of optimism by highlighting emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at either halting or ameliorating disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yeong Heo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sundar M, Lingakumar K. Investigating the efficacy of topical application of Ipomoea carnea herbal cream in preventing skin damage induced by UVB radiation in a rat model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19161. [PMID: 37662739 PMCID: PMC10472012 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B irradiation is a common environmental stressor that has detrimental effects on human skin. Natural sunscreens are well-known for their ability to benefit inflamed sunburn and dry skin. This study examined the effect of formulated Ipomoea carnea herbal cream on UVB-induced skin damage. We screened the bioactive compounds of I. carnea crude extract, showing significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, revealing that I. carnea extract has less toxicity to vero cells (IC50 98.45 μg/mL) than to A375 cells (IC50 48.95 μg/mL). Based on this, we formulated the I. carnea herbal cream (FIHC) at 50, 100 and 200 mg concentrations and evaluated its organoleptic characteristics. Then, the rats were exposed to UVB radiation (32,800 J/m2) four times/week (on alternate days) before the cream was applied topically to the dorsal skin surface. Under UVB stress without treatment, rats showed deep dermal damage. In contrast, rats treated with the FIHC exhibited significantly reduced sunburn. Moreover, the histopathological and biochemical assays were confirmed by the topical application of FIHC, which had potentially reduced the skin elasticity and maintained the imbalanced enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Our findings amply demonstrate that the FIHC significantly accelerated the recovery of UVB-induced lesions through antioxidant and down-regulation of skin photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Sundar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626124, India
| | - Krishnasamy Lingakumar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626124, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Takayama KS, Monteiro MC, Saito P, Pinto IC, Nakano CT, Martinez RM, Thomaz DV, Verri WA, Baracat MM, Arakawa NS, Russo HM, Zeraik ML, Casagrande R, Couto RODO, Georgetti SR. Rosmarinus officinalis extract-loaded emulgel prevents UVB irradiation damage to the skin. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201058. [PMID: 36477988 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia S Takayama
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Monteiro
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Priscila Saito
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ingrid C Pinto
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia T Nakano
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata M Martinez
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas V Thomaz
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua 240, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-170 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Patologia, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR 445, Caixa Postal 10011, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nilton S Arakawa
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena M Russo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Química, Núcleos de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais -NuBBE, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Avenida Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria L Zeraik
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Biomoléculas - LabFitoBio, Departamento de Química, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renê O DO Couto
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Farmacotécnico - LADEF, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hargreaves R, Akinsanya K, Ajit SK, Dhruv NT, Driscoll J, Farina P, Gavva N, Gill M, Houghton A, Iyengar S, Jones C, Kavelaars A, Kaykas A, Koroshetz WJ, Laeng P, Laird JM, Lo DC, Luthman J, Munro G, Oshinsky ML, Sittampalam GS, Woller SA, Tamiz AP. Preclinical target validation for non-addictive therapeutics development for pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:811-822. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2147063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seena K. Ajit
- Department of Pharmacology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Neel T. Dhruv
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jamie Driscoll
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter Farina
- Canaan Partners, Westport, Connecticut, United States
| | - Narender Gavva
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Marie Gill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Smriti Iyengar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Carrie Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Walter J. Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Pascal Laeng
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Laird
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Donald C. Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | - Michael L. Oshinsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - G. Sitta Sittampalam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sarah A. Woller
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Amir P. Tamiz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lumb BM, Donaldson LF. When Differential Descending Control of Speed Matters: Descending Modulation of A- versus C-Fiber Evoked Spinal Nociception. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:910471. [PMID: 35756907 PMCID: PMC9218479 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.910471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Descending pain modulatory systems (DPMS) that originate within the brain and act to modulate spinal nociceptive transmission are a major determinant of the acute and chronic pain experience. Investigations of these systems in basic scientific research is critical to the development of therapeutic strategies for the relief of pain. Despite our best efforts, something is lost in translation. This article will explore whether this is due in part to a primary focus on sensory modality leading to a failure to differentiate between descending control of A- vs. C-fiber mediated spinal nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Lumb
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Bridget M. Lumb
| | - Lucy F. Donaldson
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forni M, Thorbergsson PT, Thelin J, Schouenborg J. 3D microelectrode cluster and stimulation paradigm yield powerful analgesia without noticeable adverse effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2847. [PMID: 34623922 PMCID: PMC8500508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lack of satisfactory treatment for persistent pain profoundly impairs the quality of life for many patients. Stimulation of brainstem pain control systems can trigger powerful analgesia, but their complex network organization frequently prevents separation of analgesia from side effects. To overcome this long-standing challenge, we developed a biocompatible gelatin-embedded cluster of ultrathin microelectrodes that enables fine-tuned, high-definition three-dimensional stimulation in periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe nucleus in awake rats. Analgesia was assessed from both motor reactions and intracortical signals, corresponding to pain-related signals in humans. We could select an individual-specific subset of microelectrodes in each animal that reliably provided strong pain inhibition during normal and hyperalgesia conditions, without noticeable behavioral side effects. Gait, spontaneous cortical activity at rest, and cortical tactile responses were minimally affected, indicating a highly selective action. In conclusion, our developed biocompatible microelectrode cluster and stimulation paradigm reliably enabled powerful, fine-tuned, and selective analgesia without noticeable side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Forni
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, 223 81, Sweden
| | - Palmi Thor Thorbergsson
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, 223 81, Sweden
| | - Jonas Thelin
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, 223 81, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 2, Lund, 223 81, Sweden
- NanoLund, Center for Nanoscience, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund 223 63, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sensory defunctionalization induced by 8% topical capsaicin treatment in a model of ultraviolet-B-induced cutaneous hyperalgesia. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2873-2886. [PMID: 34302514 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subpopulations of primary nociceptors (C- and Aδ-fibers), express the TRPV1 receptor for heat and capsaicin. During cutaneous inflammation, these afferents may become sensitized, leading to primary hyperalgesia. It is known that TRPV1+ nociceptors are involved in heat hyperalgesia; however, their involvement in mechanical hyperalgesia is unclear. This study explored the contribution of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in the development of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in humans following ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation. Skin areas in 18 healthy volunteers were randomized to treatment with 8% capsaicin/vehicle patches for 24 h. After patches removal, one capsaicin-treated area and one vehicle area were irradiated with 2xMED (minimal erythema dose) of UVB. 1, 3 and 7 days post-UVB exposure, tests were performed to evaluate the development of UVB-induced cutaneous hyperalgesia: thermal detection and pain thresholds, pain sensitivity to supra-threshold heat stimuli, mechanical pain threshold and sensitivity, touch pleasantness, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), inflammatory response, pigmentation and micro-vascular reactivity. Capsaicin pre-treatment, in the UVB-irradiated area (Capsaicin + UVB area), increased heat pain thresholds (P < 0.05), and decreased supra-threshold heat pain sensitivity (P < 0.05) 1, 3 and 7 days post-UVB irradiation, while mechanical hyperalgesia resulted unchanged (P > 0.2). No effects of capsaicin were reported on touch pleasantness (P = 1), TEWL (P = 0.31), inflammatory response and pigmentation (P > 0.3) or micro-vascular reactivity (P > 0.8) in response to the UVB irradiation. 8% capsaicin ablation predominantly defunctionalizes TRPV1+-expressing cutaneous nociceptors responsible for heat pain transduction, suggesting that sensitization of these fibers is required for development of heat hyperalgesia following cutaneous UVB-induced inflammation but they are likely only partially necessary for the establishment of robust primary mechanical hyperalgesia.
Collapse
|
10
|
Werland F, de Col R, Hirth M, Turnquist B, Schmelz M, Obreja O. Mechanical sensitization, increased axonal excitability, and spontaneous activity in C-nociceptors after ultraviolet B irradiation in pig skin. Pain 2021; 162:2002-2013. [PMID: 33449511 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces hyperalgesia in human and animal pain models. We investigated mechanical sensitization, increase in axonal excitability, and spontaneous activity in different C-nociceptor classes after UVB in pig skin. We focused on units with receptive fields covering both irradiated and nonirradiated skin allowing intraindividual comparisons. Thirty-five pigs were irradiated in a chessboard pattern, and extracellular single-fibre recordings were obtained 10 to 28 hours later (152 fibers). Units from the contralateral hind limb served as a control (n = 112). Irradiated and nonirradiated parts of the same innervation territory were compared in 36 neurons; low threshold C-touch fibers (n = 10) and sympathetic efferents (n = 2) were unchanged, but lower mechanical thresholds and higher discharge frequency at threshold were found in mechanosensitive nociceptors (n = 12). Half of them could be activated with nonnoxious brush stimuli in the sunburn. Four of 12 mechanoinsensitive nociceptors were found sensitized to mechanical stimulation in the irradiated part of the receptive field. Activity-dependent slowing of conduction was reduced in the irradiated and in the nonirradiated skin as compared with the control leg, whereas increased ability to follow high stimulation frequencies was restricted to the sunburn (108.5 ± 37 Hz UVB vs 6.3 ± 1 Hz control). Spontaneous activity was more frequent in the sunburn (72/152 vs 31/112). Mechanical sensitization of primary nociceptors and higher maximum after frequency are suggested to contribute to primary hyperalgesia, whereas the spontaneous activity of silent nociceptors might offer a mechanistic link contributing to ongoing pain and facilitated induction of spinal sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Werland
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roberto de Col
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brian Turnquist
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bethel University, Saint Paul, MI, United States . Dr. Obreja is now with the Klinik für Rheumatologie und Schmerzmedizin, Bethesda Spital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Otilia Obreja
- Department of Experimental Pain Research, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsa-miR-605 regulates the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL5 in complex regional pain syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111788. [PMID: 34062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by inflammation and debilitating pain. CRPS patients with pain refractory to more conventional analgesics can be treated with subanesthetic doses of ketamine. Our previous studies found that poor responders to ketamine had a 22-fold downregulation of the miRNA hsa-miR-605 in blood prior to ketamine treatment. Hence, we sought to investigate the functional significance of miR-605 downregulation and its impact on target gene expression, as investigating target mRNAs of differentially expressed miRNAs can provide important insights on aberrant gene expression that may contribute to disease etiology. Using a bioinformatics prediction, we identified that miR-605 can target the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL5, which plays a role in leukocyte recruitment and activation. We hypothesized that downregulation of miR-605 in poor responders to ketamine could increase CXCL5 expression and thereby contribute to inflammation in these patients. We confirmed that miR-605 regulates CXCL5 by using a miRNA mimic and inhibitor in human primary endothelial cells. Inhibition of miR-605 increased CXCL5 secretion and migration of human monocytic cells, thereby demonstrating a functional impact of miR-605 on chemotaxis. Additionally, CXCL5 mRNA was upregulated in whole blood from poor responders to ketamine, and CXCL5 protein was increased in plasma from CRPS patients. Thus, our studies suggest that miR-605 regulation of CXCL5 can regulate inflammation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
Collapse
|
13
|
Etemadi L, Pettersson LME, Danielsen N. UVB irradiation induces contralateral changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn and lateral spinal nucleus. Peptides 2021; 136:170447. [PMID: 33212101 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The selection of control group is crucial, as the use of an inadequate group may strongly affect the results. In this study we examine the effect on contralateral tissue protein levels, in a model of unilateral UVB irradiation, as the contralateral side is commonly used as a control. Previous studies have shown that UVB irradiation increases immunoreactivity for inflammatory regulated neuropeptides. Unilateral UVB irradiation of rat hind paw was performed and corresponding contralateral spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were collected 2-96 h after and investigated for changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity. Control tissue was collected from naïve rats. Measurement of skin blood flow from contralateral heel hind paws (Doppler), revealed no change compared to naïve rats. However, UVB irradiation caused a significant reduction in the contralateral proportion of galanin immunopositive DRG neurons, at all-time points, as well as an increase in the contralateral spinal cord dorsal horn, around the central canal and in the lateral spinal nucleus (2-48 h). The contralateral proportion of SP positive DRG neurons and dorsal horn immunoreactivity was unchanged, whereas the lateral spinal nucleus area showed increased immunoreactivity (48 h). UVB irradiation also induced a slight contralateral upregulation of c-fos in the dorsal horn/central canal area (24 and 48 h). In summary, unilateral UVB irradiation induced contralateral changes in inflammatory/nociceptive neuropeptides in spinal cord and afferent pathways involved in pain signaling already within 24 h, a time point when also ipsilateral neurochemical/physiological changes have been reported for rats and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Etemadi
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lina M E Pettersson
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Danielsen
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Becker G, Brusco I, Casoti R, Marchiori MCL, Cruz L, Trevisan G, Oliveira SM. Copaiba oleoresin has topical antinociceptive activity in a UVB radiation-induced skin-burn model in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112476. [PMID: 31838179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Copaiba oleoresin, extracted from Copaifera L., is used as a wound healing, analgesic, antimicrobial and, mainly, anti-inflammatory agent. Thus, in this study we investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical formulation containing Copaiba oleoresin (3%) in a UVB radiation-induced skin burn model (0.75 J/cm2) in mice and performed a cream-formulation stability study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of Copaiba oleoresin was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-MS). The topical antinociceptive (evaluated through mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia) and the anti-inflammatory (dermal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration) effects of treatments were assessed. The cream-formulation stability study was performed after two months, and organoleptic characteristics, pH, spreadability and rheological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Copaiba oleoresin cream was able to prevent UVB radiation-induced mechanical allodynia on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after UVB radiation exposure with a maximum inhibition (Imax) of 64.6 ± 7% observed on the 2nd day; it also reduced the thermal hyperalgesia on the 1st and 2nd days post UVB radiation, with a Imax of 100% observed on the 2nd day. Moreover, topical treatment with Copaiba oleoresin cream inhibited the inflammatory cell infiltration, but did not reduce the dermal thickness. Such effects can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of biological components, such as β-caryophyllene and other sesquiterpenes identified by GC-MS. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the topical formulation containing Copaiba oleoresin presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice subjected to a UVB radiation and that the cream-formulation was stable for two months. Thus, use of Copaiba oleoresin is a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammatory pain associated with sunburn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Becker
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Casoti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marila Crivellaro Lay Marchiori
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Neurotoxicity and Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry Toxicology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang YW, Huang HH, Wu GX, Chang HR, Wu KL, Kuo SM. Antiaging and smoothness-improving properties of farnesol-based facial masks on rat skin exposed to ultraviolet B. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:540-552. [PMID: 31243886 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesol is an acyclic sesquiterpene presents in various natural sources including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. In this study, we successfully prepared a farnesol-containing gel with ultraviolet B-screening and skin-repairing capabilities. Furthermore, the advantageous potential of farnesol-containing facial masks for UVB-caused sunburnt skin was evaluated. AIMS Thus, the objectives of this study are to design and prepare optimal facial masks possessing collagen production and smoothness-enhancing capabilities for the skin. METHODS A series of formulations consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hyaluronan, and farnesol were used to prepare the facial masks. The effects of the facial masks on collagen production by skin fibroblasts in vitro were examined. The effects of the prepared masks on collagen synthesis, smoothness, and inflammation of the skin were further evaluated in vivo using two modes (mask administration interspersed with UVB exposure and mask administration after UVB exposure) of a rat model. RESULTS Facial masks containing both 0.3 and 0.8 mM farnesol improved skin smoothness and enhanced collagen content and arrangement in the skin of rats with mask administration interspersed with and after UVB exposure. The masks containing 0.8 mM farnesol exerted the greatest effects on collagen production/arrangement and smoothness improvement in vivo model. Histopathologically observed inflammation was alleviated, and interleukin (IL)-6 was decreased in the 0.8 mM farnesol-containing facial mask-covered skin compared with that without facial masks. CONCLUSIONS The farnesol-containing facial masks prepared in this study may have collagen production-increasing, smoothness-improving, and anti-inflammatory properties for UVB-caused sunburn; thus, farnesol is potentially a beneficial component in facial masks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Han Hsiang Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Guan Xuan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Huoy Rou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun Lieh Wu
- Bioptik Technology, INC, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
La Russa F, Lopes DM, Hobbs C, Argunhan F, Brain S, Bevan S, Bennett DLH, McMahon SB. Disruption of the Sensory System Affects Sterile Cutaneous Inflammation In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1936-1945.e3. [PMID: 30974165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that nerve fibers responding to noxious stimuli (nociceptors) modulate immunity in a variety of tissues, including the skin. Yet, the role of nociceptors in regulating sterile cutaneous inflammation remains unexplored. To address this question, we have developed a detailed description of the sterile inflammation caused by overexposure to UVB irradiation (i.e., sunburn) in the mouse plantar skin. Using this model, we observed that chemical depletion of nociceptor terminals did not alter the early phase of the inflammatory response to UVB, but it caused a significant increase in the number of dendritic cells and αβ+ T cells as well as enhanced extravasation during the later stages of inflammation. Finally, we showed that such regulation was driven by the nociceptive neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide. In conclusion, we propose that nociceptors not only play a crucial role in inflammation through avoidance reflexes and behaviors, but can also regulate sterile cutaneous immunity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica La Russa
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Douglas M Lopes
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Hobbs
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Brain
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L H Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morgan M, Deuis JR, Frøsig-Jørgensen M, Lewis RJ, Cabot PJ, Gray PD, Vetter I. Burn Pain: A Systematic and Critical Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 19:708-734. [PMID: 29036469 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnx228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective This review aims to examine the available literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of burn-induced pain. Methods A search was conducted on the epidemiology of burn injury and treatment of burn pain utilizing the database Medline, and all relevant articles were systemically reviewed. In addition, a critical review was performed on the pathophysiology of burn pain and animal models of burn pain. Results The search on the epidemiology of burn injury yielded a total of 163 publications of interest, 72 of which fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria, with no publications providing epidemiological data on burn injury pain management outcomes. The search on the treatment of burn pain yielded a total of 213 publications, 14 of which fit the inclusion/exclusion criteria, highlighting the limited amount of evidence available on the treatment of burn-induced pain. Conclusions The pathophysiology of burn pain is poorly understood, with limited clinical trials available to assess the effectiveness of analgesics in burn patients. Further studies are needed to identify new pharmacological targets and treatments for the effective management of burn injury pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morgan
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Deuis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Majbrit Frøsig-Jørgensen
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Cabot
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul D Gray
- Tess Cramond Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Metro North Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen SJ, Lee CJ, Lin TB, Peng HY, Liu HJ, Chen YS, Tseng KW. Protective Effects of Fucoxanthin on Ultraviolet B-Induced Corneal Denervation and Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030152. [PMID: 30841522 PMCID: PMC6471339 DOI: 10.3390/md17030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid with many pharmaceutical properties that is found in brown seaweed. However, the effects of fucoxanthin on corneal innervation and intense eye pain have not been extensively examined. To clarify the protective roles and underlying mechanisms of fucoxanthin on ocular lesions, we investigated the beneficial effects and mechanisms by which fucoxanthin ameliorates ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced corneal denervation and trigeminal pain. Treatment with fucoxanthin enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the cornea. Inhibition of typical denervation and epithelial exfoliation in the cornea were observed in rats treated with fucoxanthin following UVB-induced nerve disorders. Moreover, the active phosphorylated form of p38 MAP kinase (pp38) and the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive neural cells were significantly reduced. Decreased expression of neuron-selective transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in the trigeminal ganglia neurons was also demonstrated in rats treated with fucoxanthin after UVB-induced keratitis. Symptoms of inflammatory pain, including difficulty in opening the eyes and eye wipe behaviour, were also reduced in fucoxanthin-treated groups. Pre-treatment with fucoxanthin may protect the eyes from denervation and inhibit trigeminal pain in UVB-induced photokeratitis models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Jau Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ju Lee
- Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei 24213, Taiwan.
- Department of Business Administration, National Taipei University, New Taipei 24741, Taiwan.
| | - Tzer-Bin Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11049, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Yu Peng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Jui Liu
- Department of Optometry, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Business Administration, National Taipei University, New Taipei 24741, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Wen Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan.
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Topical treatment with a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist reduced nociception and inflammation in a thermal lesion model in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Andersen HH, Lo Vecchio S, Elberling J, Yosipovitch G, Arendt-Nielsen L. UVB- and NGF-induced cutaneous sensitization in humans selectively augments cowhage- and histamine-induced pain and evokes mechanical hyperknesis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:258-267. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte H. Andersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jesper Elberling
- The Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Itch Center; University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida; Miami FL USA
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of red propolis extract in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 180:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
22
|
Marchiori MCL, Rigon C, Camponogara C, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Hydrogel containing silibinin-loaded pomegranate oil based nanocapsules exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on skin damage UVB radiation-induced in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 170:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
23
|
Pegoraro NS, Barbieri AV, Camponogara C, Mattiazzi J, Brum ES, Marchiori MC, Oliveira SM, Cruz L. Nanoencapsulation of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate protects against UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Etemadi L, Pettersson LME, Danielsen N. UVB irradiation induces rapid changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. Peptides 2017; 87:71-83. [PMID: 27923581 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that UVB irradiation induces primary and secondary hyperalgesia in rats and humans peaking about 24h after UVB exposure. In the present study we investigated the changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat DRG and spinal cord at the L5 level 2-96h after UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation of the heel area in rats almost increased the skin blood flow two-fold 24h after irradiation as measured by laser Doppler technique. UVB irradiation induced a significant reduction of the proportion of galanin positive DRG neurons for all time points, except at 12h. In the spinal cord, UVB irradiation induced increased immunoreactivity for galanin in the dorsal horn, the area around the central canal and interestingly also in the lateral spinal nucleus 12-96h after exposure. For substance P the proportion of substance P positive neurons was unchanged but UVB irradiation induced increased substance P immunoreactivity in the dorsal part of the spinal cord 48h after irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced c-fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn and the area around the central canal 24 and 48h after exposure. This translational model of UVB irradiation will induce rapid changes of neuropeptides implicated in nociceptive signaling in areas known to be of importance for nociception in a time frame, about 24h after exposure, where also neurophysiological alteration have been described in humans and rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Etemadi
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lina M E Pettersson
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Danielsen
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ljungquist B, Jensen T, Etemadi L, Thelin J, Lind G, Garwicz M, Petersson P, Tsanakalis F, Schouenborg J. Discrepancies between cortical and behavioural long-term readouts of hyperalgesia in awake freely moving rats. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1689-1699. [PMID: 27146646 PMCID: PMC5096034 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unclear to what extent the most common animal models of pain and analgesia, based on indirect measures such as nocifensive behaviours, provide valid measures of pain perception. METHODS To address this issue, we developed a novel animal model comprising a more direct readout via chronically (>1 month) implanted multichannel electrodes (MCE) in rat primary somatosensory cortex (S1; known to be involved in pain perception in humans) and compared this readout to commonly used behavioural pain-related measures during development of hyperalgesia. A translational method to induce hyperalgesia, UVB irradiation of the skin, was used. Localized CO2 laser stimulation was made of twenty skin sites (20 stimulations/site/observation day) on the plantar hind paw, before and during the time period when enhanced pain perception is reported in humans after UVB irradiation. RESULTS We demonstrate a 2-10 fold significant enhancement of cortical activity evoked from both irradiated and adjacent skin and a time course that corresponds to previously reported enhancement of pain magnitude during development of primary and secondary hyperalgesia in humans. In contrast, withdrawal reflexes were only significantly potentiated from the irradiated skin area and this potentiation was significantly delayed as compared to activity in S1. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide direct evidence that chronic recordings in S1 in awake animals can offer a powerful, and much sought for, translational model of the perception of pain magnitude during hyperalgesia. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: In a novel animal model, chronic recordings of nociceptive activity in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in awake freely moving rats are compared to behavioural readouts during UVB-induced hyperalgesia. Evoked activity in rat S1 replicates altered pain perception in humans during development of hyperalgesia, but withdrawal reflexes do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ljungquist
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - T Jensen
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - L Etemadi
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - J Thelin
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - G Lind
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - M Garwicz
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Petersson
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - F Tsanakalis
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - J Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Centre, Section for Neurophysiology, Lund University, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smith M, Taylor C, Weerasinghe N, Koutsikou S, Lumb B, Murrell J. Does inflammation induced by ultraviolet B and heat rekindling alter pain-related behaviour in rats? Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:579-85. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
27
|
A randomized, double-blind, positive-controlled, 3-way cross-over human experimental pain study of a TRPV1 antagonist (V116517) in healthy volunteers and comparison with preclinical profile. Pain 2016; 157:2057-2067. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Lopes DM, McMahon SB. Ultraviolet Radiation on the Skin: A Painful Experience? CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:118-26. [PMID: 26331607 PMCID: PMC4833175 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has dramatic clinical effects in humans, and it is a significant public health concern. Discomfort and sensory changes caused by skin sunburn are the main common features experienced by many of us, a phenomena triggered by the combination of long and short wavelengths radiation (UVA and UVB, respectively). Although the biological processes underlying UVR exposure are not fully understood, in the last few years many studies have made significant progress in characterizing sunburn at the cellular and molecular levels, making use of both humans and laboratory animal models. Here we review and reason that UVR can be used as an excellent model of sensitization and inflammation for pain research. UVR, particularly UVB, produces a controllable and sterile inflammation that causes a robust dose‐dependent hypersensitivity with minimal confounding effects. Importantly, we show that UVR animal models precisely recapitulate the sensory, cellular, and molecular changes observed in human skin, giving it great confidence as a translational model. Furthermore, in this article, we give an overview of the pharmacology underlying UVB inflammation, the latest advances in the field, and potential new targets for inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Lopes
- Neurorestoration group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen B McMahon
- Neurorestoration group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
O'Neill J, Sikandar S, McMahon SB, Dickenson AH. Human psychophysics and rodent spinal neurones exhibit peripheral and central mechanisms of inflammatory pain in the UVB and UVB heat rekindling models. J Physiol 2015; 593:4029-42. [PMID: 26047369 DOI: 10.1113/jp270294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational research is key to bridging the gaps between preclinical findings and the patients, and a translational model of inflammatory pain will ideally induce both peripheral and central sensitisation, more effectively mimicking clinical pathophysiology in some chronic inflammatory conditions. We conducted a parallel investigation of two models of inflammatory pain, using ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation alone and UVB irradiation with heat rekindling. We used rodent electrophysiology and human quantitative sensory testing to characterise nociceptive processing in the peripheral and central nervous systems in both models. In both species, UVB irradiation produces peripheral sensitisation measured as augmented evoked activity of rat dorsal horn neurones and increased perceptual responses of human subjects to mechanical and thermal stimuli. In both species, UVB with heat rekindling produces central sensitisation. UVB irradiation alone and UVB with heat rekindling are translational models of inflammation that produce peripheral and central sensitisation, respectively. The predictive value of laboratory models for human pain processing is crucial for improving translational research. The discrepancy between peripheral and central mechanisms of pain is an important consideration for drug targets, and here we describe two models of inflammatory pain that involve ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, which can employ peripheral and central sensitisation to produce mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats and humans. We use electrophysiology in rats to measure the mechanically- and thermally-evoked activity of rat spinal neurones and quantitative sensory testing to assess human psychophysical responses to mechanical and thermal stimulation in a model of UVB irradiation and in a model of UVB irradiation with heat rekindling. Our results demonstrate peripheral sensitisation in both species driven by UVB irradiation, with a clear mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity of rat dorsal horn neurones and enhanced perceptual responses of human subjects to both mechanical and thermal stimulation. Additional heat rekindling produces markers of central sensitisation in both species, including enhanced receptive field sizes. Importantly, we also showed a correlation in the evoked activity of rat spinal neurones to human thermal pain thresholds. The parallel results in rats and humans validate the translational use of both models and the potential for such models for preclinical assessment of prospective analgesics in inflammatory pain states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica O'Neill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- Wolfson Institute of Biomedical Research, University College London, UK
| | | | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shoemark DK, Williams C, Fahey MS, Watson JJ, Tyler SJ, Scoltock SJ, Ellis RZ, Wickenden E, Burton AJ, Hemmings JL, Bailey CD, Dawbarn D, Jane DE, Willis CL, Sessions RB, Allen SJ, Crump MP. Design and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure determination of the second extracellular immunoglobulin tyrosine kinase A (TrkAIg2) domain construct for binding site elucidation in drug discovery. J Med Chem 2014; 58:767-77. [PMID: 25454499 PMCID: PMC4504729 DOI: 10.1021/jm501307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor
is a validated therapeutic
intervention point for a wide range of conditions. TrkA activation
by nerve growth factor (NGF) binding the second extracellular immunoglobulin
(TrkAIg2) domain triggers intracellular signaling cascades. In the
periphery, this promotes the pain phenotype and, in the brain, cell
survival or differentiation. Reproducible structural information and
detailed validation of protein–ligand interactions aid drug
discovery. However, the isolated TrkAIg2 domain crystallizes as a β-strand-swapped
dimer in the absence of NGF, occluding the binding surface. Here we
report the design and structural validation by nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy of the first stable, biologically active construct of
the TrkAIg2 domain for binding site confirmation. Our structure closely
mimics the wild-type fold of TrkAIg2 in complex with NGF (1WWW.pdb), and the 1H–15N correlation spectra confirm that both
NGF and a competing small molecule interact at the known binding interface
in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie K Shoemark
- School of Clinical Sciences, Level 2, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital , Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zarchi K, Yazdanyar N, Yazdanyar S, Wortsman X, Jemec G. Pain and inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa correspond to morphological changes identified by high-frequency ultrasound. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:527-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zarchi
- Department of Dermatology; Roskilde Hospital; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Roskilde Denmark
| | - N. Yazdanyar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Herlev Hospital; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Yazdanyar
- Department of Dermatology; Roskilde Hospital; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Roskilde Denmark
| | - X. Wortsman
- Department of Radiology and Department of Dermatology; Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues (IDIEP); Clinica Servet; Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - G.B.E. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology; Roskilde Hospital; Health Sciences Faculty; University of Copenhagen; Roskilde Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dawes JM, Antunes-Martins A, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Sisignano M, Schmid R, Rust W, Hildebrandt T, Geisslinger G, Orengo C, Bennett DL, McMahon SB. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of skin and dorsal root ganglia after ultraviolet-B-induced inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93338. [PMID: 24732968 PMCID: PMC3986071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced inflammation produces a dose-dependent mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in both humans and rats, most likely via inflammatory mediators acting at the site of injury. Previous work has shown that the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines is positively correlated between species and that these factors can contribute to UVB-induced pain. In order to investigate other potential pain mediators in this model we used RNA-seq to perform genome-wide transcriptional profiling in both human and rat skin at the peak of hyperalgesia. In addition we have also measured transcriptional changes in the L4 and L5 DRG of the rat model. Our data show that UVB irradiation produces a large number of transcriptional changes in the skin: 2186 and 3888 genes are significantly dysregulated in human and rat skin, respectively. The most highly up-regulated genes in human skin feature those encoding cytokines (IL6 and IL24), chemokines (CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL5), the prostanoid synthesising enzyme COX-2 and members of the keratin gene family. Overall there was a strong positive and significant correlation in gene expression between the human and rat (R = 0.8022). In contrast to the skin, only 39 genes were significantly dysregulated in the rat L4 and L5 DRGs, the majority of which had small fold change values. Amongst the most up-regulated genes in DRG were REG3B, CCL2 and VGF. Overall, our data shows that numerous genes were up-regulated in UVB irradiated skin at the peak of hyperalgesia in both human and rats. Many of the top up-regulated genes were cytokines and chemokines, highlighting again their potential as pain mediators. However many other genes were also up-regulated and might play a role in UVB-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, the strong gene expression correlation between species re-emphasises the value of the UVB model as translational tool to study inflammatory pain.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Ganglia, Spinal/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects
- Genome/genetics
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Male
- Models, Biological
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Rats, Wistar
- Reference Standards
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/radiation effects
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/radiation effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Antunes-Martins
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Paterson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum fuer Arzneimittelforschung, -Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ramona Schmid
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Werner Rust
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research Germany, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/Zentrum fuer Arzneimittelforschung, -Entwicklung und -Sicherheit (ZAFES), University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Orengo
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. McMahon
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silva MA, Trevisan G, Hoffmeister C, Rossato MF, Boligon AA, Walker CIB, Klafke JZ, Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Athayde ML, Ferreira J. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Aloe saponaria Haw in a model of UVB-induced paw sunburn in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 133:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
34
|
Weerasinghe NS, Lumb BM, Apps R, Koutsikou S, Murrell JC. Objective validation of central sensitization in the rat UVB and heat rekindling model. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1199-206. [PMID: 24590815 PMCID: PMC4232048 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The UVB and heat rekindling (UVB/HR) model shows potential as a translatable inflammatory pain model. However, the occurrence of central sensitization in this model, a fundamental mechanism underlying chronic pain, has been debated. Face, construct and predictive validity are key requisites of animal models; electromyogram (EMG) recordings were utilized to objectively demonstrate validity of the rat UVB/HR model. Methods The UVB/HR model was induced on the heel of the hind paw under anaesthesia. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) were obtained from biceps femoris EMG responses to a gradually increasing pinch at the mid hind paw region under alfaxalone anaesthesia, 96 h after UVB irradiation. MWT was compared between UVB/HR and SHAM-treated rats (anaesthetic only). Underlying central mechanisms in the model were pharmacologically validated by MWT measurement following intrathecal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, or saline. Results Secondary hyperalgesia was confirmed by a significantly lower pre-drug MWT {mean [±standard error of the mean (SEM)]} in UVB/HR [56.3 (±2.1) g/mm2, n = 15] compared with SHAM-treated rats [69.3 (±2.9) g/mm2, n = 8], confirming face validity of the model. Predictive validity was demonstrated by the attenuation of secondary hyperalgesia by MK-801, where mean (±SEM) MWT was significantly higher [77.2 (±5.9) g/mm2n = 7] in comparison with pre-drug [57.8 (±3.5) g/mm2n = 7] and saline [57.0 (±3.2) g/mm2n = 8] at peak drug effect. The occurrence of central sensitization confirmed construct validity of the UVB/HR model. Conclusions This study used objective outcome measures of secondary hyperalgesia to validate the rat UVB/HR model as a translational model of inflammatory pain. What's already known about this topic? What does this study add?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Weerasinghe
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim MJ, Johnson WA. ROS-mediated activation of Drosophila larval nociceptor neurons by UVC irradiation. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:14. [PMID: 24433322 PMCID: PMC3898224 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complex Drosophila larval peripheral nervous system, capable of monitoring sensory input from the external environment, includes a family of multiple dendritic (md) neurons with extensive dendritic arbors tiling the inner surface of the larval body wall. The class IV multiple dendritic (mdIV) neurons are the most complex with dendritic nerve endings forming direct intimate contacts with epithelial cells of the larval body wall. Functioning as polymodal mechanonociceptors with the ability to respond to both noxious mechanical stimulation and noxious heat, the mdIV neurons are also activated by nanomolar levels of the endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2. Although often associated with tissue damage related to oxidative stress, endogenous ROS have also been shown to function as signaling molecules at lower concentrations. The overall role of ROS in sensory signaling is poorly understood but the acutely sensitive response of mdIV neurons to ROS-mediated activation is consistent with a routine role in the regulation of mdIV neuronal activity. Larvae respond to short wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) light with an immediate and visual system-independent writhing and twisting of the body previously described as a nociceptive response. Molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this response and potential relationships with ROS generation are not well understood. We have used the UVC-induced writhing response as a model for investigation of the proposed link between endogenous ROS production and mdIV neuron function in the larval body wall. Results Transgenic inactivation of mdIV neurons caused a strong suppression of UVC-induced writhing behavior consistent with a key role for the mdIV neurons as mediators of the behavioral response. Direct imaging of ROS-activated fluorescence showed that UVC irradiation caused a significant increase in endogenous ROS levels in the larval body wall and transgenic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes strongly suppressed the UVC-induced writhing response. Direct electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that UVC irradiation also increased neuronal activity of the mdIV neurons. Conclusions Results obtained using UVC irradiation to induce ROS generation provide evidence that UVC-induced writhing behavior is mediated by endogenous production of ROS capable of activating mdIV mechanonociceptors in the larval body wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Roy J, and Lucille A, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Synthesis of lipid mediators during UVB-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats and mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81228. [PMID: 24349046 PMCID: PMC3857181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensitization during inflammatory pain is mediated by a variety of endogenous proalgesic mediators including a number of oxidized lipids, some of which serve endogenous modulators of sensory TRP-channels. These lipids are eicosanoids of the arachidonic acid and linoleic acid pathway, as well as lysophophatidic acids (LPAs). However, their regulation pattern during inflammatory pain and their contribution to peripheral sensitization is still unclear. Here, we used the UVB-model for inflammatory pain to investigate alterations of lipid concentrations at the site of inflammation, the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) as well as the spinal dorsal horn and quantified 21 lipid species from five different lipid families at the peak of inflammation 48 hours post irradiation. We found that known proinflammatory lipids as well as lipids with unknown roles in inflammatory pain to be strongly increased in the skin, whereas surprisingly little changes of lipid levels were seen in DRGs or the dorsal horn. Importantly, although there are profound differences between the number of cytochrome (CYP) genes between mice and rats, CYP-derived lipids were regulated similarly in both species. Since TRPV1 agonists such as LPA 18∶1, 9- and 13-HODE, 5- and 12-HETE were elevated in the skin, they may contribute to thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia during UVB-induced inflammatory pain. These results may explain why some studies show relatively weak analgesic effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in UVB-induced skin inflammation, as they do not inhibit synthesis of other proalgesic lipids such as LPA 18∶1, 9-and 13-HODE and HETEs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rukwied R, Weinkauf B, Main M, Obreja O, Schmelz M. Inflammation meets sensitization—an explanation for spontaneous nociceptor activity? Pain 2013; 154:2707-2714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
38
|
Piana M, Silva MA, Trevisan G, de Brum TF, Silva CR, Boligon AA, Oliveira SM, Zadra M, Hoffmeister C, Rossato MF, Tonello R, Laporta LV, de Freitas RB, Belke BV, Jesus RDS, Ferreira J, Athayde ML. Antiinflammatory effects of Viola tricolor gel in a model of sunburn in rats and the gel stability study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:458-465. [PMID: 24008111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viola tricolor, popularly known as heartsease has been empirically used in several skin disorders, including burns. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was investigate the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect of a gel containing extract of Viola tricolor flowers on thermal burn induced by UVB irradiation and to perform gel stability study. METHODS The antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect were evaluated by static and dynamic mechanical allodynia model, paw edema, and neutrophilic cell infiltration. Metabolites compounds were quantified by HPLC. The gel stability study was performed analyzing organoleptical aspects, besides pH, viscosity, and quantification of rutin by HPLC. RESULTS In the results were evidenced changes in threshold in statical and dynamic mechanical allodynia (I(max)=100 ± 10% and 49 ± 10%, respectively), paw edema (I(max)=61 ± 6%), and myeloperoxidase activity (I(max)=89 ± 5%). Such effects may be attributed, in part, to rutin, salicylic and chlorogenic acids, and others compounds found in this species. No important changes were detected in the stability study, in all aspects analyzed in temperature below 25 °C. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that Viola tricolor gel has an antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effect in the ultraviolet-B-induced burn, since maintain the temperature below 25 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Piana
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
UVB radiation generates sunburn pain and affects skin by activating epidermal TRPV4 ion channels and triggering endothelin-1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E3225-34. [PMID: 23929777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312933110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At our body surface, the epidermis absorbs UV radiation. UV overexposure leads to sunburn with tissue injury and pain. To understand how, we focus on TRPV4, a nonselective cation channel highly expressed in epithelial skin cells and known to function in sensory transduction, a property shared with other transient receptor potential channels. We show that following UVB exposure mice with induced Trpv4 deletions, specifically in keratinocytes, are less sensitive to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli than control animals. Exploring the mechanism, we find that epidermal TRPV4 orchestrates UVB-evoked skin tissue damage and increased expression of the proalgesic/algogenic mediator endothelin-1. In culture, UVB causes a direct, TRPV4-dependent Ca(2+) response in keratinocytes. In mice, topical treatment with a TRPV4-selective inhibitor decreases UVB-evoked pain behavior, epidermal tissue damage, and endothelin-1 expression. In humans, sunburn enhances epidermal expression of TRPV4 and endothelin-1, underscoring the potential of keratinocyte-derived TRPV4 as a therapeutic target for UVB-induced sunburn, in particular pain.
Collapse
|
40
|
Di Giminiani P, Petersen LJ, Herskin MS. Characterization of nociceptive behavioural responses in the awake pig following UV-B-induced inflammation. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:20-8. [PMID: 23720380 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the current translational inflammatory pain models, the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is of rapidly growing interest. The development of primary thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia has been observed in humans and rodents. The pig as a translational animal model might be advantageous due to its great homology with humans. METHODS The skin in the flank of awake pigs was irradiated by a UV-B light source (1 J/cm(2) ) and changes in thermal and mechanical sensitivity 24 and 48 h following irradiation were measured via assessment of nociceptive behaviours. RESULTS Thermal sensitivity increased significantly within the inflamed site 24 h after irradiation as indicated by the reduction of latency to respond to thermal stimulation from baseline to 24 h (P < 0.05). At 48 h, the response latency had not decreased any further (P = 0.414). Thermal sensitivity was also higher at the inflamed skin site than at the control site 24 and 48 h following irradiation (P < 0.05). An overall decrease of 50% of the baseline mechanical threshold was observed 24 and 48 h following UV-B irradiation (P = 0.092). Following the inflammatory challenge, the mechanical sensitivity was higher at the site of irradiation compared with the control skin at both 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that behavioural recordings are a valid tool for the assessment of thermal hyperalgesia following UV-B inflammation in porcine skin, but they were not capable of providing a clear indication of the development of mechanical hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Di Giminiani
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Weinkauf B, Main M, Schmelz M, Rukwied R. Modality-specific nociceptor sensitization following UV-B irradiation of human skin. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013; 14:739-46. [PMID: 23642411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation is a well-established inflammatory pain model inducing mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, presumably mediated by released mediators that sensitize sensory nerve endings. Here, we used additional electrical stimulation to investigate axonal hyperexcitability. The lower leg of 13 volunteers was irradiated with 3-fold the minimum erythema UV-B dose and sensitization was recorded at days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Maximum heat pain (47°C, 5 seconds) developed at day 1 (visual analog scale [VAS: 0-100]; 59), was reduced at day 3 (VAS 43, P < .002), and was back to normal at day 7 (VAS 18). Mechanical impact pain (8 m/s), pinprick (150 mN), and pressure (100 kPa) hyperalgesia were maximum throughout days 1 to 3 (VAS 16, 8, and 12, respectively, P < .001) and back to normal at day 7. Suprathreshold transcutaneous electrical stimuli (1.5-fold pain threshold) were delivered in trains of 10 pulses at frequencies of 5 to 100 Hz. Electrical pain thresholds (determined at 2 Hz) decreased significantly (P < .002) and suprathreshold electrical pain increased by about 70% at days 1 to 3 after irradiation (VAS 36, P < .002). Electrical hyperalgesia did not correlate with mechanical sensitization but with reduced heat pain threshold and increased tonic heat pain (r = -.46 and .53; P < .05 and < .01), indicating that axonal hyperexcitability might contribute to heat hyperalgesia. Released inflammatory mediators (eg, prostaglandins) might sensitize both heat transducer molecules and axonal ion channels and receptors, which would explain the simultaneous development and close correlation between heat hyperalgesia and axonal hyperexcitability. PERSPECTIVE Local inflammation by UV-B irradiation sensitizes not only sensory endings, but also axons. Increased axonal excitability could contribute to inflammatory hyperalgesia by facilitating spike generation and increasing peak discharge frequencies of nociceptors. Thus, axonal channels and receptors crucial for this sensitization need to be identified to provide new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weinkauf
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
The pattern and time course of somatosensory changes in the human UVB sunburn model reveal the presence of peripheral and central sensitization. Pain 2013; 154:586-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
43
|
Khalil RM, Abd-Elbary A, Kassem MA, Ghorab MM, Basha M. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) versus solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical delivery of meloxicam. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:304-14. [PMID: 23528038 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as well as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and evaluate their potential in the topical delivery of meloxicam (MLX). MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of various compositional variations on their physicochemical properties was investigated. Furthermore, MLX-loaded lipid nanoparticles-based hydrogels were formulated and the gels were evaluated as vehicles for topical application. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results showed that NLC and SLN dispersions had spherical shapes with an average size between 215 and 430 nm. High entrapment efficiency was obtained ranging from 61.94 to 90.38% with negatively charged zeta potential in the range of -19.1 to -25.7 mV. The release profiles of all formulations exhibited sustained release characteristics over 48 h and the release rates increased as the amount of liquid lipid in lipid core increased. Finally, Precirol NLC with 50% Miglyol® 812 and its corresponding SLN were incorporated in hydrogels. The gels showed adequate pH, non-Newtonian flow with shear-thinning behavior and controlled release profiles. The biological evaluation revealed that MLX-loaded NLC gel showed more pronounced effect compared to MLX-loaded SLN gel. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that lipid nanoparticles represent promising particulate carriers for topical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawia M Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center , Cairo , Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cortright DN, Matson DJ, Broom DC. New frontiers in assessing pain and analgesia in laboratory animals. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1099-108. [PMID: 23506182 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating promising analgesic compounds into reliable pain therapeutics in humans is made particularly challenging by the difficulty in measuring the pain quantitatively. This problem is manifest not only in clinical settings in which patient pain assessments involve mostly subjective measures but also in preclinical settings wherein laboratory animals, most commonly rodents, are typically evaluated in stimulus-evoked response tests. OBJECTIVE Given the limitations of traditional pain tests, we sought out new approaches to measure pain, and analgesia, in laboratory animals. METHODS We reviewed the peer reviewed literature to identify pain tests that could be utilized in preclinical settings to understand the effects of new and established analgesics. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The tests identified include weight bearing differential, suppression of feeding, reduction in locomotor activity, gait analysis, conditioning models and functional MRI. Although the pharmacology of known and new analgesics has not been broadly established in these models, they hold the promise of better predictive utility for the discovery of pain relievers.
Collapse
|
45
|
Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Granmo M, Jensen T, Schouenborg J. Nociceptive transmission to rat primary somatosensory cortex--comparison of sedative and analgesic effects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53966. [PMID: 23320109 PMCID: PMC3540052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CO(2)-laser C-fibre evoked cortical potentials (LCEPs) is a potentially useful animal model for studies of pain mechanisms. A potential confounding factor when assessing analgesic effects of systemically administered drugs using LCEP is sedation. This study aims to clarify: 1) the relation between level of anaesthesia and magnitude of LCEP, 2) the effects of a sedative and an analgesic on LCEP and dominant EEG frequency 3) the effects of a sedative and analgesic on LCEP when dominant EEG frequency is kept stable. LCEP and EEG were recorded in isoflurane/nitrous-oxide anaesthetized rats. Increasing isoflurane level gradually reduced LCEPs and lowered dominant EEG frequencies. Systemic midazolam (10 μmol/kg) profoundly reduced LCEP (19% of control) and lowered dominant EEG frequency. Similarly, morphine 1 and 3 mg/kg reduced LCEP (39%, 12% of control, respectively) and decreased EEG frequency. When keeping the dominant EEG frequency stable, midazolam caused no significant change of LCEP. Under these premises, morphine at 3 mg/kg, but not 1 mg/kg, caused a significant LCEP reduction (26% of control). In conclusion, the present data indicate that the sedative effects should be accounted for when assessing the analgesic effects of drug. Furthermore, it is suggested that LCEP, given that changes in EEG induced by sedation are compensated for, can provide information about the analgesic properties of systemically administrated drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Granmo
- Neuronano Research Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schmelz M. Sunburn-A human inflammatory pain model for primary and secondary hyperalgesia. Scand J Pain 2013; 4:38-39. [PMID: 29913876 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schmelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Antunes-Martins A, Perkins JR, Lees J, Hildebrandt T, Orengo C, Bennett DLH. Systems biology approaches to finding novel pain mediators. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 5:11-35. [PMID: 23059966 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain represents a major health burden; this maladaptive pain state occurs as a consequence of hypersensitivity within the peripheral and central components of the somatosensory system. High throughput technologies (genomics, transciptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics) are now being applied to tissue derived from pain patients as well as experimental pain models to discover novel pain mediators. The use of clustering, meta-analysis and other techniques can help refine potential candidates. Of particular importance are systems biology methods, such as co-expression network generating algorithms, which infer potential associations/interactions between molecules and build networks based on these interactions. Protein-protein interaction networks allow the lists of potential targets generated by these different platforms to be analyzed in their biological context. Outputs from these different methods must also be related to the clinical pain phenotype. The improved and standardized phenotyping of pain symptoms and sensory signs enables much better subject stratification. Our hope is that, in the future, the use of computational approaches to integrate datasets including sensory phenotype as well as the outputs of high throughput technologies will help define novel pain mediators and provide insights into the pathogenesis of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Antunes-Martins
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Weinkauf B, Rukwied R, Quiding H, Dahllund L, Johansson P, Schmelz M. Local gene expression changes after UV-irradiation of human skin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39411. [PMID: 22761785 PMCID: PMC3382209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-irradiation is a well-known translational pain model inducing local inflammation and primary hyperalgesia. The mediators and receptor proteins specifically contributing to mechanical or heat hyperalgesia are still unclear. Therefore, we irradiated buttock skin of humans (n = 16) with 5-fold MED of UV-C and assessed the time course of hyperalgesia and axon reflex erythema. In parallel, we took skin biopsies at 3, 6 and 24 h after UVC irradiation and assessed gene expression levels (RT-PCR ) of neurotrophins (e.g. NGF, BDNF, GDNF), ion channels (e.g. NaV1.7, TRPV1), inflammatory mediators (e.g. CCL-2, CCL-3) and enzymes (e.g. PGES, COX2). Hyperalgesia to mechanical impact (12 m/s) and heat (48°C) stimuli was significant at 6 h (p<0.05 and p<0.01) and 24 h (p<0.005 and p<0.01) after irradiation. Axon reflex erythema upon mechanical and thermal stimuli was significantly increased 3 h after irradiation and particularly strong at 6 h. A significant modulation of 9 genes was found post UV-C irradiation, including NGF (3, 6, 24 h), TrkA (6, 24 h), artemin, bradykinin-1 receptor, COX-2, CCL-2 and CCL-3 (3 and 6 h each). A significant down-regulation was observed for TRPV1 and iNOS (6, 24 h). Individual one-to-one correlation analysis of hyperalgesia and gene expression revealed that changes of Nav1.7 (SCN9A) mRNA levels at 6 and 24 h correlated to the intensity of mechanical hyperalgesia recorded at 24 h post UV-irradiation (Pearson r: 0.57, p<0.04 and r: 0.82, p<0.001). Expression of COX-2 and mPGES at 6 h correlated to the intensity of heat-induced erythema 24 h post UV (r: 0.57, p<0.05 for COX-2 and r: 0.83, p<0.001 for PGES). The individual correlation analyses of functional readouts (erythema and pain response) with local expression changes provided evidence for a potential role of Nav1.7 in mechanical hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weinkauf
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Rukwied
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|