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Nehr-Majoros AK, Király Á, Helyes Z, Szőke É. Lipid raft disruption as an opportunity for peripheral analgesia. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 75:102432. [PMID: 38290404 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain conditions are unmet medical needs, since the available drugs, opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs and adjuvant analgesics do not provide satisfactory therapeutic effect in a great proportion of patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel targets and novel therapeutic approaches that differ from classical pharmacological receptor antagonism. Most ion channels and receptors involved in pain sensation and processing such as Transient Receptor Potential ion channels, opioid receptors, P2X purinoreceptors and neurokinin 1 receptor are located in the lipid raft regions of the plasma membrane. Targeting the membrane lipid composition and structure by sphingolipid or cholesterol depletion might open future perspectives for the therapy of chronic inflammatory, neuropathic or cancer pain, most importantly acting at the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kinga Nehr-Majoros
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, Pécs, Hungary.
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Geda O, Tábi T, Lakatos PP, Szökő É. Differential Ganglioside and Cholesterol Depletion by Various Cyclodextrin Derivatives and Their Effect on Synaptosomal Glutamate Release. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169460. [PMID: 36012724 PMCID: PMC9409351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids of the plasma membrane and are highly enriched in the nervous system where they play a vital role in normal cell functions. Furthermore, several studies suggest their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological conditions. Since cyclodextrins (CDs) can form inclusion complexes with various lipids, methylated beta-CDs are widely used in biomedical research to extract cholesterol from the membrane and study its cellular role. Despite CDs being known to interact with other membrane lipid components, their effect on gangliosides is poorly characterized. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DIMEB), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), randomly methylated-alpha-cyclodextrin (RAMEA), and hydroxypropyl-alpha-cyclodextrin (HPACD) on ganglioside and cholesterol levels in rat brain synaptosomes. Their effect on membrane integrity and viability was also assessed. We examined the role of lipid depletion by CDs on the release of the major excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. Selective concentration range for cholesterol depletion was only found with HPBCD, but not with DIMEB. Selective depletion of gangliosides was achieved by both RAMEA and HPACD. The inhibition of stimulated glutamate release upon ganglioside depletion was found, suggesting their potential role in neurotransmission. Our study highlights the importance of the characterization of the lipid depleting capability of different CDs.
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Chang CH, Chang YS, Hsieh YL. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 depletion mediates mechanical allodynia through cellular signal alterations in small-fiber neuropathy. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e922. [PMID: 34585035 PMCID: PMC8462592 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodal nociceptor that monitors noxious thermal sensations. Few studies have addressed the role of TRPV1 in mechanical allodynia in small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) caused by sensory nerve damage. Accordingly, this article reviews the putative mechanisms of TRPV1 depletion that mediates mechanical allodynia in SFN. The intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) degeneration and sensory neuronal injury are the primary characteristics of SFN. Intraepidermal nerve fibers are mainly C-polymodal nociceptors and Aδ-fibers, which mediated allodynic pain after neuronal sensitization. TRPV1 depletion by highly potent neurotoxins induces the upregulation of activating transcription factor 3 and IENFs degeneration which mimics SFN. TRPV1 is predominately expressed by the peptidergic than nonpeptidergic nociceptors, and these neurochemical discrepancies provided the basis of the distinct pathways of thermal analgesia and mechanical allodynia. The depletion of peptidergic nociceptors and their IENFs cause thermal analgesia and sensitized nonpeptidergic nociceptors respond to mechanical allodynia. These distinct pathways of noxious stimuli suggested determined by the neurochemical-dependent neurotrophin cognate receptors such as TrkA and Ret receptors. The neurogenic inflammation after TRPV1 depletion also sensitized Ret receptors which results in mechanical allodynia. The activation of spinal TRPV1(+) neurons may contribute to mechanical allodynia. Also, an imbalance in adenosinergic analgesic signaling in sensory neurons such as the downregulation of prostatic acid phosphatase and adenosine A1 receptors, which colocalized with TRPV1 as a membrane microdomain also correlated with the development of mechanical allodynia. Collectively, TRPV1 depletion-induced mechanical allodynia involves a complicated cascade of cellular signaling alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lázár BA, Jancsó G, Sántha P. Modulation of Sensory Nerve Function by Insulin: Possible Relevance to Pain, Inflammation and Axon Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072507. [PMID: 32260335 PMCID: PMC7177741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, besides its pivotal role in energy metabolism, may also modulate neuronal processes through acting on insulin receptors (InsRs) expressed by neurons of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Recently, the distribution and functional significance of InsRs localized on a subset of multifunctional primary sensory neurons (PSNs) have been revealed. Systematic investigations into the cellular electrophysiology, neurochemistry and morphological traits of InsR-expressing PSNs indicated complex functional interactions among specific ion channels, proteins and neuropeptides localized in these neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemical studies have revealed disparate localization of the InsRs in somatic and visceral PSNs with a dominance of InsR-positive neurons innervating visceral organs. These findings suggested that visceral spinal PSNs involved in nociceptive and inflammatory processes are more prone to the modulatory effects of insulin than somatic PSNs. Co-localization of the InsR and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor with vasoactive neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P bears of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pathologies affecting visceral organs, such as the pancreas and the urinary bladder. Recent studies have also revealed significant novel aspects of the neurotrophic propensities of insulin with respect to axonal growth, development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence András Lázár
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.J.); (P.S.)
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Sántha P, Dobos I, Kis G, Jancsó G. Role of Gangliosides in Peripheral Pain Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1005. [PMID: 32028715 PMCID: PMC7036959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are abundantly occurring sialylated glycosphingolipids serving diverse functions in the nervous system. Membrane-localized gangliosides are important components of lipid microdomains (rafts) which determine the distribution of and the interaction among specific membrane proteins. Different classes of gangliosides are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons involved in the transmission of nerve impulses evoked by noxious mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Gangliosides, in particular GM1, have been shown to participate in the regulation of the function of ion channels, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli of distinct nature. Gangliosides may influence nociceptive functions through their association with lipid rafts participating in the organization of functional assemblies of specific nociceptive ion channels with neurotrophins, membrane receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways. Genetic and experimentally induced alterations in the expression and/or metabolism of distinct ganglioside species are involved in pathologies associated with nerve injuries, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain in both men and animals. Genetic and/or pharmacological manipulation of neuronal ganglioside expression, metabolism, and action may offer a novel approach to understanding and management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.); (I.D.); (G.K.)
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Downregulation of adenosine and adenosine A1 receptor contributes to neuropathic pain in resiniferatoxin neuropathy. Pain 2019; 159:1580-1591. [PMID: 29672450 PMCID: PMC6085133 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that functional prostatic acid phosphatase is required for maintaining the balance of cellular adenosine analgesia in systemic small-fiber neuropathy. The neurochemical effects of adenosine signaling in small-fiber neuropathy leading to neuropathic pain are yet to be explored in a direct manner. This study examined this system at the level of ligand (through the ectonucleotidase activity of prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP]) and adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) in resiniferatoxin (RTX) neuropathy, a peripheral neurodegenerative disorder that specifically affects nociceptive nerves expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We conducted immunohistochemistry on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, high-performance liquid chromatography for functional assays, and pharmacological interventions to alter PAP and A1Rs in mice with RTX neuropathy. In DRG of RTX neuropathy, PAP(+) neurons were reduced compared with vehicle-treated mice (P = 0.002). Functionally, PAP ectonucleotidase activity was consequently reduced (ie, the content of adenosine in DRG, P = 0.012). PAP(+) neuronal density was correlated with the degree of mechanical allodynia, which was reversed by intrathecal (i.t.) lumbar puncture injection of recombinant PAP with a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, A1Rs were downregulated (P = 0.002), and this downregulation was colocalized with the TRPV1 receptor (31.0% ± 2.8%). Mechanical allodynia was attenuated in a dose-dependent response by i.t. injection of the A1R ligand, adenosine; however, no analgesia was evident when an exogenous adenosine was blocked by A1R antagonist. This study demonstrated dual mechanisms of neuropathic pain in TRPV1-induced neuropathy, involving a reduced adenosine system at both the ligand (adenosine) and receptor (A1Rs) levels.
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Lin CL, Chang CH, Chang YS, Lu SC, Hsieh YL. Treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin prevents mechanical allodynia in resiniferatoxin neuropathy in a mouse model. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039511. [PMID: 30578250 PMCID: PMC6361210 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized microdomains which have cholesterol-rich membrane regions contain transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) are involved in pain development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) – a membrane-bound ectonucleotidase – and disordered adenosine signaling reduce the antinociceptive effect. The role of membrane integrity in the PAP-mediated antinociceptive effect in small-fiber neuropathy remains unclear, especially with respect to whether TRPV1 and PAP are colocalized in the same microdomain which is responsible for PAP-mediated antinociception. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on the dorsal root ganglion to identify the membrane compositions, and pharmacological interventions were conducted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβC) – a membrane integrity disruptor that works by depleting cholesterol – in pure small-fiber neuropathy with resiniferatoxin (RTX). Immunohistochemical evidence indicated that TRPV1 and PAP were highly colocalized with flotillin 1 (66.7%±9.7%) and flotillin 2 (73.7%±6.0%), which reside in part in the microdomain. MβC mildly depleted PAP, which maintained the ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and delayed the development of mechanical allodynia. MβC treatment had no role in thermal transduction and neuronal injury following RTX neuropathy. In summary, this study demonstrated the following: (1) membrane cholesterol depletion preserves PAP-mediated antinociception through PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis and (2) pain hypersensitivity that develops after TRPV1(+) neuron depletion-mediated neurodegeneration following RTX neuropathy is attributable to the downregulation of PAP analgesic signaling. Summary: The role and mechanism of cholesterol-rich membrane integrity in pain development for small-fiber neuropathy remains unclear. Depletion of membrane cholesterol contents preserves functional PAP profiles and the antinociceptive effect after RTX neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hong Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Chin Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Ultrastructural Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Lázár BA, Jancsó G, Pálvölgyi L, Dobos I, Nagy I, Sántha P. Insulin Confers Differing Effects on Neurite Outgrowth in Separate Populations of Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons: The Role of the Insulin Receptor. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:732. [PMID: 30364236 PMCID: PMC6191510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from its pivotal role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, insulin exerts important neurotrophic and neuromodulator effects on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The neurite outgrowth-promoting effect is one of the salient features of insulin's action on cultured DRG neurons. Although it has been established that a significant population of DRG neurons express the insulin receptor (InsR), the significance of InsR expression and the chemical phenotype of DRG neurons in relation to the neurite outgrowth-promoting effect of insulin has not been studied. Therefore, in this study by using immunohistochemical and quantitative stereological methods we evaluated the effect of insulin on neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons of different chemical phenotypes which express or lack the InsR. Insulin, at a concentration of 10 nM, significantly increased total neurite length, the length of the longest neurite and the number of branch points of cultured DRG neurons as compared to neurons cultured in control medium or in the presence of 1 μM insulin. In both the control and the insulin exposed cultures, ∼43% of neurons displayed InsR-immunoreactivity. The proportions of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor (TRPV1)-immunoreactive (IR), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR and Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding neurons amounted to ∼61%, ∼57%, and ∼31% of DRG neurons IR for the InsR. Of the IB4-positive population only neurons expressing the InsR were responsive to insulin. In contrast, TRPV1-IR nociceptive and CGRP-IR peptidergic neurons showed increased tendency for neurite outgrowth which was further enhanced by insulin. However, the responsiveness of DRG neurons expressing the InsR was superior to populations of DRG neurons which lack this receptor. The findings also revealed that besides the expression of the InsR, inherent properties of peptidergic, but not non-peptidergic nociceptive neurons may also significantly contribute to the mechanisms of neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons. These observations suggest distinct regenerative propensity for differing populations of DRG neurons which is significantly affected through insulin receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence András Lázár
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laura Pálvölgyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Dobos
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Structural and Functional Interactions between Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subfamily 1 and Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0143024. [PMID: 26745805 PMCID: PMC4706438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum neurotoxins are produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. There are eight serologically distinct botulinum neurotoxin isoforms (serotypes A-H). Currently, botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT⁄A) is commonly used for the treatment of many disorders, such as hyperactive musculoskeletal disorders, dystonia, and pain. However, the effectiveness of BoNT⁄A for pain alleviation and the mechanisms that mediate the analgesic effects of BoNT⁄A remain unclear. To define the antinociceptive mechanisms by which BoNT/A functions, the interactions between BoNT⁄A and the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) were investigated using immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and western blot analysis in primary mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglion neuronal cultures. RESULTS 1) Three-week-old cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons highly expressed transient TRPV1, synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25). SV2A and SNAP-25 are the binding receptor and target protein, respectively, of BoNT⁄A. 2) TRPV1 colocalized with both BoNT⁄A and cleaved SNAP-25 when BoNT⁄A was added to dorsal root ganglia neuronal cultures. 3) After 24 hours of BoNT⁄A treatment (1 nmol⁄l), both TRPV1 and BoNT⁄A positive bands were detected in western blots of immunoprecipitated pellets. 4) Blocking TRPV1 with a specific antibody decreased the cleavage of SNAP-25 by BoNT⁄A. CONCLUSION BoNT/A interacts with TRPV1 both structurally and functionally in cultured mouse embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results suggest that an alternative mechanism is used by BoNT⁄A to mediate pain relief.
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Oszlács O, Jancsó G, Kis G, Dux M, Sántha P. Perineural capsaicin induces the uptake and transganglionic transport of choleratoxin B subunit by nociceptive C-fiber primary afferent neurons. Neuroscience 2015; 311:243-52. [PMID: 26520849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of spinal primary afferent terminals labeled transganglionically with the choleratoxin B subunit (CTB) or its conjugates changes profoundly after perineural treatment with capsaicin. Injection of CTB conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into an intact nerve labels somatotopically related areas in the ipsilateral dorsal horn with the exceptions of the marginal zone and the substantia gelatinosa, whereas injection of this tracer into a capsaicin-pretreated nerve also results in massive labeling of these most superficial layers of the dorsal horn. The present study was initiated to clarify the role of C-fiber primary afferent neurons in this phenomenon. In L5 dorsal root ganglia, analysis of the size frequency distribution of neurons labeled after injection of CTB-HRP into the ipsilateral sciatic nerve treated previously with capsaicin or resiniferatoxin revealed a significant increase in the proportion of small neurons. In the spinal dorsal horn, capsaicin or resiniferatoxin pretreatment resulted in intense CTB-HRP labeling of the marginal zone and the substantia gelatinosa. Electron microscopic histochemistry disclosed a dramatic, ∼10-fold increase in the proportion of CTB-HRP-labeled unmyelinated dorsal root axons following perineural capsaicin or resiniferatoxin. The present results indicate that CTB-HRP labeling of C-fiber dorsal root ganglion neurons and their central terminals after perineural treatment with vanilloid compounds may be explained by their phenotypic switch rather than a sprouting response of thick myelinated spinal afferents which, in an intact nerve, can be labeled selectively with CTB-HRP. The findings also suggest a role for GM1 ganglioside in the modulation of nociceptor function and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Oszlács
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - G Kis
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - P Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Jancsó G, Sántha P. The foundation of sensory pharmacology: Nicholas (Miklós) Jancsó and the Szeged contribution. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:152-7. [PMID: 27227015 PMCID: PMC4843891 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1045683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin became an indispensable tool in pain research after the discovery of its unique pharmacological actions by Nicholas (Miklós) Jancsó Jr. in the late 1940s. This "History Article" introduces his achievements leading to the foundation of "sensory pharmacology" and subsequent research in that field at the University of Szeged, Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Taberner FJ, Fernández-Ballester G, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A. TRP channels interaction with lipids and its implications in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1818-27. [PMID: 25838124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels central for sensory signaling. These receptors and, in particular, those involved in thermal sensing are also involved in pain signaling. Noteworthy, thermosensory receptors are polymodal ion channels that respond to both physical and chemical stimuli, thus integrating different environmental clues. In addition, their activity is modulated by algesic agents and lipidergic substances that are primarily released in pathological states. Lipids and lipid-like molecules have been found that can directly activate some thermosensory channels or modulate their activity by either potentiating or inhibiting it. To date, more than 50 endogenous lipids that can regulate TRP channel activity in sensory neurons have been described, thus representing the majority of known endogenous TRP channel modulators. Lipid modulators of TRP channels comprise lipids from a variety of metabolic pathways, including metabolites of the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome-P450 pathways, phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Therefore, TRP-channels are able to integrate and interpret incoming signals from the different metabolic lipid pathways. Taken together, the large number of lipids that can activate, sensitize or inhibit neuronal TRP-channels highlights the pivotal role of these molecules in sensory biology as well as in pain transduction and perception. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions. Guest Editors: Amitabha Chattopadhyay and Jean-Marie Ruysschaert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Taberner
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
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Nagy I, Friston D, Valente JS, Torres Perez JV, Andreou AP. Pharmacology of the capsaicin receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 ion channel. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 68:39-76. [PMID: 24941664 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0828-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The capsaicin receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ion channel (TRPV1), has been identified as a polymodal transducer molecule on a sub-set of primary sensory neurons which responds to various stimuli including noxious heat (> -42 degrees C), protons and vanilloids such as capsaicin, the hot ingredient of chilli peppers. Subsequently, TRPV1 has been found indispensable for the development of burning pain and reflex hyperactivity associated with inflammation of peripheral tissues and viscera, respectively. Therefore, TRPV1 is regarded as a major target for the development of novel agents for the control of pain and visceral hyperreflexia in inflammatory conditions. Initial efforts to introduce agents acting on TRPV1 into clinics have been hampered by unexpected side-effects due to wider than expected expression in various tissues, as well as by the complex pharmacology, of TRPV1. However, it is believed that better understanding of the pharmacological properties of TRPV1 and specific targeting of tissues may eventually lead to the development of clinically useful agents. In order to assist better understanding of TRPV1 pharmacology, here we are giving a comprehensive account on the activation and inactivation mechanisms and the structure-function relationship of TRPV1.
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14
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Dong CH, Zhang YT, Huang G, Dong JJ, Liu HX, Tian XH, Wang J, Lv ZG, Song LN, Yu WQ. A solid phase approach to PDMP analogs: A general strategy for combinatorial library. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Winter Z, Buhala A, Ötvös F, Jósvay K, Vizler C, Dombi G, Szakonyi G, Oláh Z. Functionally important amino acid residues in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel--an overview of the current mutational data. Mol Pain 2013; 9:30. [PMID: 23800232 PMCID: PMC3707783 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to create an overview of the currently available results of site-directed mutagenesis studies on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor. Systematization of the vast number of data on the functionally important amino acid mutations of TRPV1 may provide a clearer picture of this field, and may promote a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of TRPV1. The review summarizes information on 112 unique mutated sites along the TRPV1, exchanged to multiple different residues in many cases. These mutations influence the effect or binding of different agonists, antagonists, and channel blockers, alter the responsiveness to heat, acid, and voltage dependence, affect the channel pore characteristics, and influence the regulation of the receptor function by phosphorylation, glycosylation, calmodulin, PIP2, ATP, and lipid binding. The main goal of this paper is to publish the above mentioned data in a form that facilitates in silico molecular modelling of the receptor by promoting easier establishment of boundary conditions. The better understanding of the structure-function relationship of TRPV1 may promote discovery of new, promising, more effective and safe drugs for treatment of neurogenic inflammation and pain-related diseases and may offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Winter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Dux M, Sántha P, Jancsó G. The role of chemosensitive afferent nerves and TRP ion channels in the pathomechanism of headaches. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:239-48. [PMID: 22875278 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of trigeminovascular afferent nerves in the pathomechanism of primary headaches is well established, but a pivotal role of a particular class of primary sensory neurons has not been advocated. This review focuses on the evidence that supports the critical involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the pathophysiology of primary headaches, in particular, migraine. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 receptors sensitive to vanilloids and other irritants are localized on chemosensitive afferent nerves, and they are involved in meningeal nociceptive and vascular responses involving neurogenic dural vasodilatation and plasma extravasation. The concept of the trigeminal nocisensor complex is put forward which involves the trigeminal chemosensitive afferent fibers/neurons equipped with specific nocisensor molecules, the elements of the meningeal microcirculatory system, and the dural mast cells. It is suggested that the activation level of this complex may explain some of the specific features of migraine headache. Pharmacological modulation of TRP channel function may offer a novel approach to the management of head pain, in particular, migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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17
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Veress G, Meszar Z, Muszil D, Avelino A, Matesz K, Mackie K, Nagy I. Characterisation of cannabinoid 1 receptor expression in the perikarya, and peripheral and spinal processes of primary sensory neurons. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:733-50. [PMID: 22618437 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor is expressed by a sub-population of primary sensory neurons. However, data on the neurochemical identity of the CB1 receptor-expressing cells, and CB1 receptor expression by the peripheral and central terminals of these neurons are inconsistent and limited. We characterised CB1 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord at the lumbar 4-5 level, as well as in the urinary bladder and glabrous skin of the hindpaw. About 1/3 of DRG neurons exhibited immunopositivity for the CB1 receptor, the majority of which showed positivity for the nociceptive markers calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or/and Griffonia (bandeiraea) simplicifolia IB4 isolectin-binding. Virtually all CB1 receptor-immunostained fibres showed immunopositivity for CGRP in the skin, while very few did in the urinary bladder. No CB1 receptor-immunopositive nerve fibres were IB4 positive in either peripheral tissue. Spinal laminae I and II-outer showed the highest density of CB1 receptor-immunopositive punctae, the majority of which showed positivity for CGRP or/and IB4 binding. These data indicate that a major sub-population of nociceptive primary sensory neurons expresses CB1 receptors that are transported to both peripheral and central terminals of these cells. Therefore, the present data suggest that manipulation of endogenous CB1 receptor agonist levels in these areas may significantly reduce nociceptive input into the spinal cord.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Cholera Toxin/metabolism
- Epidermal Cells
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Veress
- Pathology Unit, Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár H7400, Hungary
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18
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Abstract
Multiple plasma membrane proteins such as ion transporters and ion channels are involved in electrogenesis by setting resting membrane potentials and triggering/propagating action potentials. Recent findings strongly suggest that some of these membrane proteins are selectively transported into membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. There appear to be multiple mechanisms for the specific protein translocation to lipid rafts, and many of these proteins exhibit distinct properties when inserted into the raft microdomains. Here the authors review the plasma membrane ion channels specifically localized at membrane lipid rafts in neurons. The mechanisms to selectively translocate these molecules to the lipid rafts and the consequences of the trafficking are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pristerá
- Division of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenji Okuse
- Division of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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