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Lyngdoh D, Sharma S, Roy B, Tandon V, Zas P. Secondary Structure Analysis of Fasciola from Semi-wild Ruminants of Northeast India. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:599-608. [PMID: 38261242 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to study the secondary structure analysis of Fasciola flukes from a rare mithun host from Manipur. Fascioliasis, a neglected tropical trematodiasis, is poorly studied in India and is widely believed to be predominantly caused by F. gigantica. Through this study, we want to assess the flukes from the rare semi-wild ruminants of Northeast India. This study is important as the mithun population is semi-wild and its population is declining in Manipur. METHODS Sample collected from the difficult and challenging terrain of Northeast India. The sample was collected from mithun and observed under the microscope. DNA was isolated, sequenced, and analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. The secondary structure analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region was also performed. RESULTS The secondary structure species tree corroborated the Bayesian inference and, hence, strengthened the phylogeny reconstructed. The annotated ITS2 sequence and RNA secondary of the Manipur isolate displayed the typical four-helix or four-domain model. Helix III reveals the presence of the UGGU motif with other deviations like UGG and GGU. CONCLUSION This is an in-depth analysis of the secondary structure of Fasciola species. The present study has demonstrated the usefulness of ITS2 and its secondary structures for characterizing parasites. The information on fascioliasis in the mithun's population presents itself useful with regards to their conservation strategy as their populations in both Manipur and Nagaland are dwindling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damanbha Lyngdoh
- Department of Zoology, St. Anthony's College, Shillong, 793001, Meghalaya, India.
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Biotech Hub, St. Edmund's College, Shillong, 793003, Meghalaya, India
| | - Bishnupada Roy
- Department of Zoology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Veena Tandon
- NASI Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellow, Mahanagar, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226006, India
| | - Philayung Zas
- Department of Zoology, William Carey University, Shillong, 793019, Meghalaya, India
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Wangboon C, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1454:239-284. [PMID: 39008268 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts is important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes and hence contribute to reduction of CCA in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Chompunoot Wangboon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Solodovnik DA, Tatonova YV, Besprozvannykh VV. Morpho-Molecular Features and Phylogenetic Relationships of Metorchis butoridi Oschmarin, 1963 (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) from East Asia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:124. [PMID: 38200855 PMCID: PMC10778362 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult trematodes of the genus Metorchis were found in the gallbladders of ducklings that had been experimentally fed freshwater fishes of the genera Rhynchocypris and Rhodeus that were naturally infected by Metorchis metacercariae. Some of the trematodes were identified as Metorchis ussuriensis, whose morphology of developmental stages and molecular data had previously been described in detail. The other trematodes were confirmed as species Metorchis butoridi on the basis of morphological features: subterminal oral sucker, vitelline follicles with interrupted bands, and rosette-shaped testes. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships within Opisthorchiidae using nuclear and mitochondrial markers confirmed that the obtained trematodes were actually from the genus Metorchis. The morphological and molecular features indicated that a number of trematodes found in East Asia and described as Metorchis orientalis belong to M. butoridi. Also, the M. orientalis individuals from Europe are, in fact, representatives of another Metorchis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Andreevna Solodovnik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr-t 100-Letiya Vladivostoka 159a, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.V.T.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Yulia Viktorovna Tatonova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr-t 100-Letiya Vladivostoka 159a, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.V.T.); (V.V.B.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vladimirovich Besprozvannykh
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr-t 100-Letiya Vladivostoka 159a, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.V.T.); (V.V.B.)
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Nyaku ST, Karapareddy S, Cebert E, Lawrence K, Eleblu JSY, Sharma GC, Sripathi VR. Two Intra-Individual ITS1 rDNA Sequence Variants Identified in the Female and Male Rotylenchulus reniformis Populations of Alabama. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 38202313 PMCID: PMC10780758 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Around 300 different plant species are infected by the plant-parasitic reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), including cotton. This is a devasting nematode with a preference for cotton; it is commonly found in Alabama farms and causes severe reduction in yields. Its first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region can be sequenced, and potential mutations can be found in order to study the population dynamics of the reniform nematode. The goal of our study was to sequence the ITS1 rDNA region in male and female RNs that were collected from BelleMina, Hamilton, and Lamons locations in Alabama. After separating the single male and female RNs from the samples collected from the three selected listed sites above, the ITS1 region was amplified selectively using specific primers, and the resulting products were cloned and sequenced. Two distinct bands were observed after DNA amplification of male and female nematodes at 550 bp and 730 bp, respectively. The analysis of sequenced fragments among the three populations showed variation in average nucleotide frequencies of female and male RNs. Singletons within the female and male Hamilton populations ranged from 7.8% to 10%, and the variable sites ranged from 13.4% to 26%. However, female and male BelleMina populations had singletons ranging from 7.1% to 19.7% and variable regions in the range of 13.9% to 49.3%. The female and male Lamons populations had singletons ranging from 2.5% to 8.7% and variable regions in the range of 2.9% to 14.2%. Phylogenetic (neighbor-joining) analysis for the two ITS1 fragments (ITS-550 and ITS-730) showed relatively high intra-nematode variability. Different clone sequences from an individual nematode often had greater similarity with other nematodes than with their own sequences. RNA fold analysis of the ITS1 sequences revealed varied stem and loop structures, suggesting both conserved and variable regions in the variants identified from female and male RNs, thus underscoring the presence of significant intra- and inter-nematodal variation among RN populations in Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seloame T. Nyaku
- Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 44, Ghana;
| | - Sowndarya Karapareddy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Ernst Cebert
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Kathy Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - John S. Y. Eleblu
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 30, Ghana
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Venkateswara R. Sripathi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
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Oh CS, Seo M, Lee HJ, Kim MJ, Lim DS, Shin DH. Genetic Analysis of Ancient Clonorchis sinensis Eggs Attained from Goryeong Mummy of Joseon Dynasty Period. J Parasitol 2022; 108:70-78. [DOI: 10.1645/21-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Mortuary Science, College of Bio-convergence, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Ministry of National Defense Agency for KIA Recovery & Identification, 250, Hyeonchung-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06984, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
| | - Do-Seon Lim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13135, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Duflot M, Gay M, Midelet G, Kania PW, Buchmann K. Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3417-3427. [PMID: 34448921 PMCID: PMC8460567 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trematode larvae (metacercariae) causing black spot disease occur frequently in gills, fins, skin and the superficial muscle layers of marine fish. Species within the genus Cryptocotyle Lühe, 1899 are frequently associated with this disease. Descriptions of the metacercarial stage are relatively limited and none has hitherto been reported from fish from the English Channel. The present study reports the morphological and molecular identifications of encysted black spot-inducing parasites from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught respectively from the north coast of France (English Channel) and from Danish sea waters. Metacercariae were characterised morphologically based on microscopic observations and molecularly using Sanger sequencing of fragments of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and rDNA ITS region. Morphological data were compared with available data in the literature. Phylogenetic trees including reference sequences were built to confirm morphological and molecular identifications. This survey constitutes the first description of C. lingua metacercariae in the English Channel ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Duflot
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.,University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Mélanie Gay
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | - Per Walter Kania
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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A review of molecular identification tools for the opisthorchioidea. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 187:106258. [PMID: 34082051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily Opisthorchioidea encompasses the families Cryptogonimidae, Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae. These parasites depend on the aquatic environment and include marine and freshwater species. Some species, such as Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, have a high impact on public health with millions of infected people worldwide and have thus been the object of many studies and tool developments. However, for many species, tools for identification and detection are scarce. Although morphological descriptions have been used and are still important, they are often not efficient on the immature stages of these parasites. Thus, during the past few decades, molecular approaches for parasite identification have become commonplace. These approaches are efficient, quick and reliable. Nonetheless, for some parasites of the superfamily Opisthorchioidea, reference genomic data are limited. This study reviews available genetic data and molecular tools for the identification and/or the detection of this superfamily. Molecular data on this superfamily are mostly based on mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequence analyses, especially on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene and internal transcribed spacer regions respectively.
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Gunderina LI, Katokhin AV. Variability of Nucleotide Sequences in the ITS1–5.8S rRNA–ITS2a–2S rRNA–ITS2 Region of rRNA Gene Cluster in Species of the Family Chironomidae. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kinkar L, Korhonen PK, Wang D, Zhu XQ, Chelomina GN, Wang T, Hall RS, Koehler AV, Harliwong I, Yang B, Fink JL, Young ND, Gasser RB. Marked mitochondrial genetic variation in individuals and populations of the carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008480. [PMID: 32813714 PMCID: PMC7437864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, and is often associated with a malignant form of bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Although some aspects of the epidemiology of clonorchiasis are understood, little is known about the genetics of C. sinensis populations. Here, we conducted a comprehensive genetic exploration of C. sinensis from endemic geographic regions using complete mitochondrial protein gene sets. Genomic DNA samples from C. sinensis individuals (n = 183) collected from cats and dogs in China (provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jilin) as well as from rats infected with metacercariae from cyprinid fish from the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai region) were deep sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 platform. Informatic analyses of mitochondrial protein gene data sets revealed marked genetic variation within C. sinensis; significant variation was identified within and among individual worms from distinct geographical locations. No clear affiliation with a particular location or host species was evident, suggesting a high rate of dispersal of the parasite across endemic regions. The present work provides a foundation for future biological, epidemiological and ecological studies using mitochondrial protein gene data sets, which could aid in elucidating associations between particular C. sinensis genotypes/haplotypes and the pathogenesis or severity of clonorchiasis and its complications (including cholangiocarcinoma) in humans. Clonorchiasis is an important neglected tropical disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, which can induce malignant bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Little precise information is available on the biology, epidemiology and population genetics of C. sinensis. For this reason, we explored here the genetic composition of C. sinensis populations in distinct endemic areas in China and Russia. Using a deep sequencing-informatic approach, we revealed marked mitochondrial genetic variation within and between individuals and populations of C. sinensis, with no particular affiliation with geographic or host origin. These molecular findings and the methodology established should underpin future genetic studies of C. sinensis causing human clonorchiasis and associated complications (cancer) as well as transmission patterns in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kinkar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pasi K. Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daxi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- BGI International, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Galina N. Chelomina
- Department of Parasitology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross S. Hall
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anson V. Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Neil D. Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (NDY); (RBG)
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (NDY); (RBG)
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Description and phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal transcription units from species of Fasciolidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea). J Helminthol 2020; 94:e136. [PMID: 32138801 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many members of Fasciolidae are common trematodes in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, elephants, pigs, with some capable of infecting humans also. In this study, the complete or near-complete sequences of ribosomal transcription unit (rTU or rDNA), each of Fasciola hepatica (Australia), Fascioloides jacksoni (Sri Lanka), Fasciolopsis buski (Vietnam) and three isolates of F. gigantica (Vietnam), were obtained and characterized. The full length of rDNA for each F. hepatica, 'hybrid' Fasciola sp., Fas. jacksoni and Fa. Buski, was 7657 bp, 7966 bp, 7781 bp and 8361 bp, with the complete intergenic spacer region (IGS) (862 bp, 1170 bp, 987 bp and 561 bp), respectively. The rDNA of two 'pure' F. gigantica isolates from Vietnam was 6794 bp with unsequenced IGS. For 28S rRNA genes the Fasciola spp. are equal, 1958 bp for 18S, 160 bp for 5.8S, 3863 bp and 454 bp for ITS1 but ITS2 differ by one nucleotide (Thymine) (359 or 360 bp). The ITS1 of the sensu lato Fa. buski has some distinguishable features, 286 bp for ITS2, 3862 bp for 28S and four repeat units of 356-361 bp each found in ITS1. The 28S rDNA analysis showed the lowest level of divergence (0-0.57%) between F. hepatica and F. gigantica and higher (2.23-2.62%) and highest (6-6.42%) for Fas. jacksoni and Fasciolopsis, respectively. The tree of 43 strains/species clearly produced a well-supported phylogeny, where 18 fasciolids consistently grouped, forming a discrete Fasciolidae clade, distinct from Philophthalmidae, Echinostomatidae and Echinochasmidae in Echinostomatoidea. Fascioloides jacksoni is outside Fasciola spp.: basal with Fas. magna, as previously demonstrated.
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Morphological and Molecular Identification of Paramphistomum epiclitum from Buffaloes in Pakistan. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:225-236. [PMID: 31848844 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the genetic and morphological characters of Paramphistomum epiclitum. For the first time in Pakistan, adult flukes were morphologically characterized and the sequence variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region, including the first internal transcribed spacers (ITS1) and the 5.8S gene of the Paramphistomum epiclitum were studied. METHODS Adult amphistomes were examined by light microscopy and sequences of ITS1 and 5.88S rDNA genes were obtained. RESULTS Twenty adult flukes were measured, 13.17 ± 1.19 mm in length and 5.28 ± 1.34 mm in width. Seventeen adult flukes were sequenced and high sequence variability was observed in 5' end of ITS1 region. The 5.8S and 3' end of ITS1 sequences had 100% identity among the samples. A comparative analysis revealed that different types and numbers of repeats were found within each ITS1 region. The 3' end of ITS1 region from P. epiclitum showed 98% homology with P. cervi from China and formed a subclade with genetic distance of 0.1663. The 5.8S gene showed 100% identity within Paramphistomidae family and formed a sub-clade with P. epiclitum, P. leydeni, P. cervi and Cotylophoron cotylophorum species isolated from China, India and Uruguay. CONCLUSION This work provides new information on morphological identity and genetics of P. epiclitum from Pakistan.
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Zhang X, Sun B, Tang Q, Chen R, Han S. Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear rDNA Sequences of Clonorchis sinensis Isolates From Human Fecal Samples in Heilongjiang Province, China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30745896 PMCID: PMC6360181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the genetic diversity of parasite is important for understanding their biogeography and molecular epidemiology, as well as for establishing disease prevention and control strategies. Clonorchis sinensis is an important foodborne parasite worldwide. However, despite its epidemiological significance, the genetic diversity of C. sinensis has not been well studied from human in northeastern China. In this study, a total of 342 fecal specimens were collected from residents living in five villages in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed for the presence of C. sinensis by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. 21.64% (74/342) of fecal samples were found to be positive for C. sinensis by PCR. The sequences of the ITS1 region in 34 of the 74 samples (45.95%) matched that of MK179278, Genetic polymorphisms were observed at six nucleotide sites. The ITS2 gene sequence of 37 of the 74 samples (50%) matched that of MK179281. In conclusion, a low degree of genetic diversity between C. sinensis isolates from China and different geographical regions was found at ITS loci. Despite this conservation, sequencing of the rDNA region has provided important data that will be useful for future studies addressing the molecular evolution, biology, medical implications and ecology of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoran Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kiatsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver Flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:139-180. [PMID: 31297762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and O. felineus are liver flukes of human and animal pathogens occurring across much of Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, they are often underestimated compared to other, better known neglected diseases in spite of the fact that many millions of people are infected and hundreds of millions are at risk. This is possibly because of the chronic nature of the infection and disease and that it takes several decades prior to a life-threatening pathology to develop. Several studies in the past decade have provided more information on the molecular biology of the liver flukes which clearly lead to better understanding of parasite biology, systematics, and population genetics. Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are characterized by a chronic infection that induces hepatobiliary inflammation, especially periductal fibrosis, which can be detected by ultrasonography. These chronic inflammations eventually lead to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a usually fatal bile duct cancer that develops in some infected individuals. In Thailand alone, opisthorchiasis-associated CCA kills up to 20,000 people every year and is therefore of substantial public health importance. Its socioeconomic impacts on impoverished families and communities are considerable. To reduce hepatobiliary morbidity and CCA, the primary intervention measures focus on control and elimination of the liver fluke. Accurate diagnosis of liver fluke infections in both human and other mammalian, snail and fish intermediate hosts, are important for achieving these goals. While the short-term goal of liver fluke control can be achieved by praziquantel chemotherapy, a comprehensive health education package targeting school children is believed to be more beneficial for a long-term goal/solution. It is recommended that a transdisciplinary research or multisectoral control approach including one health and/or eco health intervention strategy should be applied to combat the liver flukes, and hence contribute to reduction of cholangiocarcinoma in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Nadda Kiatsopit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor N Petney
- CASCAP, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Paleontology and Evolution, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Improved genomic resources and new bioinformatic workflow for the carcinogenic parasite Clonorchis sinensis: Biotechnological implications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:894-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Voronova A, Chelomina GN. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relations of salmon trematode Nanophyetus japonensis. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:267-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Besprozvannykh VV, Tatonova YV, Shumenko PG. Life cycle, morphology of developmental stages ofMetorchis ussuriensissp. nov. (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae), and phylogenetic relationships with other opisthorchiids. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Besprozvannykh
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
| | - Yulia V. Tatonova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
| | - Polina G. Shumenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
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Clonorchis sinensis and Clonorchiasis: The Relevance of Exploring Genetic Variation. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 100:155-208. [PMID: 29753338 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic trematodes (flukes) cause substantial mortality and morbidity in humans. The Chinese liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is one of the most destructive parasitic worms in humans in China, Vietnam, Korea and the Russian Far East. Although C. sinensis infection can be controlled relatively well using anthelmintics, the worm is carcinogenic, inducing cholangiocarcinoma and causing major suffering in ~15 million people in Asia. This chapter provides an account of C. sinensis and clonorchiasis research-covering aspects of biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunity, diagnosis, treatment and control, genetics and genomics. It also describes progress in the area of molecular biology (genetics, genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics) and highlights challenges associated with comparative genomics and population genetics. It then reviews recent advances in the sequencing and characterisation of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes for a Korean isolate of C. sinensis and summarises salient comparative genomic work and the implications thereof. The chapter concludes by considering how advances in genomic and informatics will enable research on the genetics of C. sinensis and related parasites, as well as the discovery of new fluke-specific intervention targets.
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Tatonova YV, Chelomina GN, Nguyen HM. Inter-individual and intragenomic variations in the ITS region of Clonorchis sinensis (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) from Russia and Vietnam. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:350-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gordy MA, Locke SA, Rawlings TA, Lapierre AR, Hanington PC. Molecular and morphological evidence for nine species in North American Australapatemon (Sudarikov, 1959): a phylogeny expansion with description of the zygocercous Australapatemon mclaughlini n. sp. Parasitol Res 2017. [PMID: 28623502 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zygocercous (aggregating) cercarial larvae were recently discovered emerging from a physid snail during a molecular survey of cercariae from molluscs in lakes in central Alberta, Canada. This manuscript delves into the characterization of these cercariae through morphological and molecular techniques and provides the first genetic information for a zygocercous larval trematode. Analyses of cytochrome c oxidase I of mitochondrial DNA and two partial regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences revealed the zygocercous cercariae to belong to the genus Australapatemon Sudarikov, 1959. Further analyses of sequences of Australapatemon burti (Miller, 1923), from cercariae and adults collected from across North America, indicate a complex of nine genetically-distinct lineages within this species, a surprising level of diversity. The zygocercous cercariae, along with adult worms collected from ducks in Manitoba, Canada, and from Mexico, represent one of these lineages, and are herein described as Australapatemon mclaughlini n. sp. Seven lineages cannot yet be identified, but one is tentatively identified as Australapatemon burti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Gordy
- University of Alberta School of Public Health, 357F South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Sean A Locke
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Box 9000, Mayagüez, 00681-9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Timothy A Rawlings
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, PO Box 5300, Sydney, NS, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Angela R Lapierre
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Patrick C Hanington
- University of Alberta School of Public Health, 357F South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada.
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Metagonimus suifunensis sp. n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Russian Southern Far East: Morphology, life cycle, and molecular data. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:982-991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Le TH, Nguyen KT, Nguyen NTB, Doan HTT, Dung DT, Blair D. The ribosomal transcription units of Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui and the use of 28S rDNA sequences for phylogenetic identification of common heterophyids in Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:17. [PMID: 28069063 PMCID: PMC5223338 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-1968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterophyidiasis is now a major public health threat in many tropical countries. Species in the trematode family Heterophyidae infecting humans include Centrocestus formosanus, Haplorchis pumilio, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, Procerovum varium and Stellantchasmus falcatus. For molecular phylogenetic and systematic studies on trematodes, we need more prospective markers for taxonomic identification and classification. This study provides near-complete ribosomal transcription units (rTU) from Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui and demonstrates the use of 28S rDNA sequences for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results The near-complete ribosomal transcription units (rTU), consisting of 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 28S rRNA genes and spacers, from H. pumilio and H. taichui from human hosts in Vietnam, were determined and annotated. Sequence analysis revealed tandem repetitive elements in ITS1 in H. pumilio and in ITS2 in H. taichui. A phylogenetic tree inferred from 28S rDNA sequences of 40 trematode strains/species, including 14 Vietnamese heterophyid individuals, clearly confirmed the status of each of the Vietnamese species: Centrocestus formosanus, Haplorchis pumilio, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, Procerovum varium and Stellantchasmus falcatus. However, the family Heterophyidae was clearly not monophyletic, with some genera apparently allied with other families within the superfamily Opisthorchioidea (i.e. Cryptogonimidae and Opisthorchiidae). These families and their constituent genera require substantial re-evaluation using a combination of morphological and molecular data. Our new molecular data will assist in such studies. Conclusions The 28S rDNA sequences are conserved among individuals within a species but varied between genera. Based on analysis of 40 28S rDNA sequences representing 19 species in the superfamily Opisthorchioidea and an outgroup taxon (Alaria alata, family Diplostomidae), six common human pathogenic heterophyids were identified and clearly resolved. The phylogenetic tree inferred from these sequences again confirmed anomalies in molecular placement of some members of the family Heterophyidae and demonstrates the need for reappraisal of the entire superfamily Opisthorchioidea. The new sequences provided here supplement those already available in public databases and add to the array of molecular tools that can be used for the diagnosis of heterophyid species in human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoa Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd,, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Khue Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd,, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga Thi Bich Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd,, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd,, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Trung Dung
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Luong The Vinh Rd,, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Genetic divergence of human pathogens Nanophyetus spp. (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae) on the opposite sides of the Pacific Rim. Parasitology 2016; 144:601-612. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman and animal nanophyetiasis is caused by intestinal flukes belonging to the genus Nanophyetus distributed on both North American and Eurasian coasts of Northern Pacific. In spite of the wide geographical distribution and medical and veterinary importance of these flukes, the intra-generic taxonomy of Nanophyetus spp. remains unresolved. The two most widely distributed nominal species, Nanophyetus salmincola and Nanophyetus schikhobalowi, both parasitizing humans and carnivorous mammals, were described from North America and eastern Eurasia, respectively. However, due to their high morphological similarity their interrelationships remained unclear and taxonomic status unstable. In this study, we explored genetic diversity of Nanophyetus spp. from the Southern Russian Far East in comparison with that of samples from North America based on the sequence variation of the nuclear ribosomal gene family (18S, internal transcribed spacers, ITS1-5·8S-ITS2 and 28S). High levels of genetic divergence in each rDNA region (nucleotide substitutions, indels, alterations in the secondary structures of the ITS1 and ITS2 transcripts) as well as results of phylogenetic analysis provided strong support for the status of N. salmincola and N. schikhobalowi as independent species.
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Anucherngchai S, Tejangkura T, Chontananarth T. Epidemiological situation and molecular identification of cercarial stage in freshwater snails in Chao-Phraya Basin, Central Thailand. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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The complete mitochondrial genome of Metorchis orientalis (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae): Comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:45-50. [PMID: 26805437 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metorchis orientalis (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) is an important trematode infecting many animals and humans, causing metorchiasis. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of M. orientalis was sequenced. The complete mt genome of M. orientalis is 13,834 bp circular DNA molecule and contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The gene content and arrangement of M. orientalis is the same as those of Opisthorchiidae trematodes (Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus and Clonorchis sinensis), but distinct from Schistosoma spp. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes with three different computational algorithms (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony) revealed that M. orientalis and O. viverrini represent sister taxa. The mt genome provides a novel genetic marker for further studies of the identification, classification and molecular epidemiology of Opisthorchiidae trematodes, and should have implications for the diagnosis, prevention and control of metorchiasis in animals and humans.
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Molecular characterization ofOpisthorchis noverca(Digenea: Opisthorchiidae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial COI genes. J Helminthol 2015; 90:607-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOpisthorchiasis is a public health problem in South-East Asian countries and Eastern Europe. The infection implicates mainly two species ofOpisthorchis, namelyO. viverriniandO. felineus,that occur mostly in fish-eating mammals and humans, although there are rare reports of human cases involving two other species,O. novercaandO. guayaquilensis.Opisthorchis novercahas been reported frequently in dogs and pigs from the Indian subcontinent, with rare reports from cattle and human subjects. With a view to supplementing morphology-based identification of this species, the present study aimed to provide molecular characterization ofO. noverca, using rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mt COI) markers so as to determine its genetic correlation with other species of Opisthorchiidae, and also to generate a taxon-specific molecular marker based on the ITS2 region. The phylogenetic relationship betweenO. novercaand other species of the genus was determined using molecular sequence data. To strengthen the result, secondary structure sequence analyses of ITS2 with hemi-compensatory base changes (hCBCs), and amino acid sequence analyses, were also evaluated. Our results confirm thatO. novercais a distinct and valid species.
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Nguyen TTB, Arimatsu Y, Hong SJ, Brindley PJ, Blair D, Laha T, Sripa B. Genome-wide characterization of microsatellites and marker development in the carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2263-72. [PMID: 25782682 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important carcinogenic human liver fluke endemic in East and Southeast Asia. There are several conventional molecular markers that have been used for identification and genetic diversity; however, no information about microsatellites of this liver fluke is published so far. We here report microsatellite characterization and marker development for a genetic diversity study in C. sinensis, using a genome-wide bioinformatics approach. Based on our search criteria, a total of 256,990 microsatellites (≥12 base pairs) were identified from a genome database of C. sinensis, with hexanucleotide motif being the most abundant (51%) followed by pentanucleotide (18.3%) and trinucleotide (12.7%). The tetranucleotide, dinucleotide, and mononucleotide motifs accounted for 9.75, 7.63, and 0.14%, respectively. The total length of all microsatellites accounts for 0. 72% of 547 Mb of the whole genome size, and the frequency of microsatellites was found to be one microsatellite in every 2.13 kb of DNA. For the di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide, the repeat numbers redundant are six (28%), four (45%), and three (76%), respectively. The ATC repeat is the most abundant microsatellites followed by AT, AAT, and AC, respectively. Within 40 microsatellite loci developed, 24 microsatellite markers showed potential to differentiate between C. sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini. Seven out of 24 loci showed to be heterozygous with observed heterozygosity that ranged from 0.467 to 1. Four primer sets could amplify both C. sinensis and O. viverrini DNA with different sizes. This study provides basic information of C. sinensis microsatellites, and the genome-wide markers developed may be a useful tool for the genetic study of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T B Nguyen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Sequence variability in internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA among isolates of the oxyurid nematodes Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera from mice reared in laboratories in China. J Helminthol 2015; 90:81-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x1400087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study examined sequence variability in internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA among Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera isolates from laboratory mice from different geographical locations in China. ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA were amplified separately from adult S. obvelata and A. tetraptera individuals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing from both directions. The lengths of the sequences of ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 rDNA from both nematodes were 314 bp and 456 bp, 157 bp, and 273 bp and 419 bp, respectively. The intraspecific sequence variations in S. obvelata ITS1 were 0–0.3%. For A. tetraptera they were 0–0.7% in ITS1 and 0–1.0% in ITS2. However, the interspecific sequence differences among members of the infraorder Oxyuridomorpha were significantly higher, being 54.0–65.5% for ITS1 and 55.3–64.1% for ITS2. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined partial sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 using three inference methods – Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony – revealed that all the S. obvelata and A. tetraptera samples formed independent monophyletic groups. Syphacia obvelata was closer to Syphacia muris than to A. tetraptera, consistent with morphological classification. These results demonstrate that ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA sequences are useful markers for population genetic studies of oxyurid nematodes.
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Chelomina GN, Tatonova YV, Hung NM, Ngo HD. Genetic diversity of the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis from Russia and Vietnam. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:795-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of Paramphistomum cervi. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:751907. [PMID: 25140347 PMCID: PMC4129167 DOI: 10.1155/2014/751907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene from five individual Paramphistomum cervi were determined for the first time. The five complete rDNA sequences, which included the 18S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the 5.8S rDNA, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), the 28S rDNA, and the intergenic spacer (IGS) regions, had a length range of 8,493–10,221 bp. The lengths of the investigated 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and 28S rDNA sequences, which were 1,994 bp, 1,293 bp, 157 bp, 286 bp, and 4,186 bp, respectively, did not vary. However, the IGS rDNA sequences had a length range of 577–2,305 bp. The 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA sequences had 100% identity among the five investigated samples, while the identities among the IGS had a range of 53.7–99.8%. A comparative analysis revealed that different types and numbers of repeats were found within each ITS1 and IGS region, which may be related to the length polymorphism of IGS. The phylogenetic position of P. cervi in Paramphistomatidae was analyzed based on the 18S rDNA sequences. These results will aid in studying the intra- and interspecific variation of the Paramphistomatidae and the systematics and phylogenetics of Digenea.
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Saijuntha W, Sithithaworn P, Kaitsopit N, Andrews RH, Petney TN. Liver flukes: Clonorchis and Opisthorchis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:153-99. [PMID: 24903366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand,
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The zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini. Int J Parasitol 2013; 43:1031-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sun J, Huang Y, Huang H, Liang P, Wang X, Mao Q, Men J, Chen W, Deng C, Zhou C, Lv X, Zhou J, Zhang F, Li R, Tian Y, Lei H, Liang C, Hu X, Xu J, Li X, XinbingYu. Low Divergence of Clonorchis sinensis in China Based on Multilocus Analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67006. [PMID: 23825605 PMCID: PMC3688995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis, an ancient parasite that infects a number of piscivorous mammals, attracts significant public health interest due to zoonotic exposure risks in Asia. The available studies are insufficient to reflect the prevalence, geographic distribution, and intraspecific genetic diversity of C. sinensis in endemic areas. Here, a multilocus analysis based on eight genes (ITS1, act, tub, ef-1a, cox1, cox3, nad4 and nad5 [4.986 kb]) was employed to explore the intra-species genetic construction of C. sinensis in China. Two hundred and fifty-six C. sinensis isolates were obtained from environmental reservoirs from 17 provinces of China. A total of 254 recognized Multilocus Types (MSTs) showed high diversity among these isolates using multilocus analysis. The comparison analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial phylogeny supports separate clusters in a nuclear dendrogram. Genetic differentiation analysis of three clusters (A, B, and C) showed low divergence within populations. Most isolates from clusters B and C are geographically limited to central China, while cluster A is extraordinarily genetically diverse. Further genetic analyses between different geographic distributions, water bodies and hosts support the low population divergence. The latter haplotype analyses were consistent with the phylogenetic and genetic differentiation results. A recombination network based on concatenated sequences showed a concentrated linkage recombination population in cox1, cox3, nad4 and nad5, with spatial structuring in ITS1. Coupled with the history record and archaeological evidence of C. sinensis infection in mummified desiccated feces, these data point to an ancient origin of C. sinensis in China. In conclusion, we present a likely phylogenetic structure of the C. sinensis population in mainland China, highlighting its possible tendency for biogeographic expansion. Meanwhile, ITS1 was found to be an effective marker for tracking C. sinensis infection worldwide. Thus, the present study improves our understanding of the global epidemiology and evolution of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Guangzhou, China
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiqiu Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Men
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhuan Deng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Tian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huali Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuchu Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - XinbingYu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Brusentsov II, Katokhin AV, Brusentsova IV, Shekhovtsov SV, Borovikov SN, Goncharenko GG, Lider LA, Romashov BV, Rusinek OT, Shibitov SK, Suleymanov MM, Yevtushenko AV, Mordvinov VA. Low genetic diversity in wide-spread Eurasian liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus suggests special demographic history of this trematode species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62453. [PMID: 23634228 PMCID: PMC3636034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja I. Brusentsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Brusentsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Shekhovtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Borovikov
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Lider
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Boris V. Romashov
- Scientific Department, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga T. Rusinek
- Department of Parasitology, The Baikal Museum at the Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Listvyanka, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Samat K. Shibitov
- Department of Epizootological Problems, All-Russian K.I. Skryabin Institute of Helminthology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat M. Suleymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yevtushenko
- Department of Parasitology Ichthyopathology and Arachnology, National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Qian MB, Yap P, Yang YC, Liang H, Jiang ZH, Li W, Tan YG, Zhou H, Utzinger J, Zhou XN, Keiser J. Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:e76-82. [PMID: 23223597 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis is of considerable public health importance, particularly in the People's Republic of China (PR China), where most of the 15 million individuals infected with Clonorchis sinensis are currently concentrated. Praziquantel is the drug of choice, but tribendimidine might be an alternative. METHODS We performed a randomized open-label trial in Guangxi, PR China, to assess the efficacy and safety of 400 mg tribendimidine once, 400 mg tribendimidine daily for 3 days, and 75 mg/kg praziquantel in 1 day divided in 3 doses against parasitological-confirmed C. sinensis infections. Cure and egg reduction rates were determined 3 weeks posttreatment using available case analysis. Clinical symptoms were documented at baseline, and adverse events were recorded and graded 3 and 24 hours after each dose. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were included in the final analysis. Single-dose tribendimidine achieved a cure rate of 44%, whereas cure rates of 58% and 56% were obtained for tribendimidine administered for 3 days and praziquantel, respectively. High egg reduction rates (97.6%-98.8%) were observed for all treatment regimens. Single-dose tribendimidine was the best-tolerated treatment scheme. Patients treated with praziquantel experienced significantly more adverse events than did tribendimidine recipients (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Tribendimidine has an efficacy comparable to praziquantel in the treatment of C. sinensis infection and resulted in fewer adverse events compared to praziquantel. Larger clinical trials are warranted among C. sinensis-infected patients to determine the potential of tribendimidine against clonorchiasis and other helminthiases. Clinical Trials Registration.Controlled-Trials.com, ISRCTN80829842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Bao Qian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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