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Nyaku ST, Karapareddy S, Cebert E, Lawrence K, Eleblu JSY, Sharma GC, Sripathi VR. Two Intra-Individual ITS1 rDNA Sequence Variants Identified in the Female and Male Rotylenchulus reniformis Populations of Alabama. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:5. [PMID: 38202313 PMCID: PMC10780758 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Around 300 different plant species are infected by the plant-parasitic reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), including cotton. This is a devasting nematode with a preference for cotton; it is commonly found in Alabama farms and causes severe reduction in yields. Its first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region can be sequenced, and potential mutations can be found in order to study the population dynamics of the reniform nematode. The goal of our study was to sequence the ITS1 rDNA region in male and female RNs that were collected from BelleMina, Hamilton, and Lamons locations in Alabama. After separating the single male and female RNs from the samples collected from the three selected listed sites above, the ITS1 region was amplified selectively using specific primers, and the resulting products were cloned and sequenced. Two distinct bands were observed after DNA amplification of male and female nematodes at 550 bp and 730 bp, respectively. The analysis of sequenced fragments among the three populations showed variation in average nucleotide frequencies of female and male RNs. Singletons within the female and male Hamilton populations ranged from 7.8% to 10%, and the variable sites ranged from 13.4% to 26%. However, female and male BelleMina populations had singletons ranging from 7.1% to 19.7% and variable regions in the range of 13.9% to 49.3%. The female and male Lamons populations had singletons ranging from 2.5% to 8.7% and variable regions in the range of 2.9% to 14.2%. Phylogenetic (neighbor-joining) analysis for the two ITS1 fragments (ITS-550 and ITS-730) showed relatively high intra-nematode variability. Different clone sequences from an individual nematode often had greater similarity with other nematodes than with their own sequences. RNA fold analysis of the ITS1 sequences revealed varied stem and loop structures, suggesting both conserved and variable regions in the variants identified from female and male RNs, thus underscoring the presence of significant intra- and inter-nematodal variation among RN populations in Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seloame T. Nyaku
- Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 44, Ghana;
| | - Sowndarya Karapareddy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Ernst Cebert
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Kathy Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - John S. Y. Eleblu
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 30, Ghana
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
| | - Venkateswara R. Sripathi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA (G.C.S.)
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Nyaku ST, Kantety RV, Cebert E, Lawrence KS, Honger JO, Sharma GC. Principal Component Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Reniform Nematode Populations in Alabama. Plant Pathol J 2016; 32:123-35. [PMID: 27147932 PMCID: PMC4853102 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2015.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
U.S. cotton production is suffering from the yield loss caused by the reniform nematode (RN), Rotylenchulus reniformis. Management of this devastating pest is of utmost importance because, no upland cotton cultivar exhibits adequate resistance to RN. Nine populations of RN from distinct regions in Alabama and one population from Mississippi were studied and thirteen morphometric features were measured on 20 male and 20 female nematodes from each population. Highly correlated variables (positive) in female and male RN morphometric parameters were observed for body length (L) and distance of vulva from the lip region (V) (r = 0.7) and tail length (TL) and c' (r = 0.8), respectively. The first and second principal components for the female and male populations showed distinct clustering into three groups. These results show pattern of sub-groups within the RN populations in Alabama. A one-way ANOVA on female and male RN populations showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the variables. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 18S rRNA sequences (421) showed lengths of 653 bp. Sites within the aligned sequences were conserved (53%), parsimony-informative (17%), singletons (28%), and indels (2%), respectively. Neighbor-Joining analysis showed intra and inter-nematodal variations within the populations as clone sequences from different nematodes irrespective of the sex of nematode isolate clustered together. Morphologically, the three groups (I, II and III) could not be distinctly associated with the molecular data from the 18S rRNA sequences. The three groups may be identified as being non-geographically contiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seloame T. Nyaku
- Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 44, Legon-Accra
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Normal-AL, 35762
| | - Ramesh V. Kantety
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Normal-AL, 35762
| | - Ernst Cebert
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Normal-AL, 35762
| | - Kathy S. Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Joseph O. Honger
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 44, Legon-Accra
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Normal-AL, 35762
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Abdurakhmonov IY, Ayubov MS, Ubaydullaeva KA, Buriev ZT, Shermatov SE, Ruziboev HS, Shapulatov UM, Saha S, Ulloa M, Yu JZ, Percy RG, Devor EJ, Sharma GC, Sripathi VR, Kumpatla SP, van der Krol A, Kater HD, Khamidov K, Salikhov SI, Jenkins JN, Abdukarimov A, Pepper AE. RNA Interference for Functional Genomics and Improvement of Cotton (Gossypium sp.). Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:202. [PMID: 26941765 PMCID: PMC4762190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), is a powerful new technology in the discovery of genetic sequence functions, and has become a valuable tool for functional genomics of cotton (Gossypium sp.). The rapid adoption of RNAi has replaced previous antisense technology. RNAi has aided in the discovery of function and biological roles of many key cotton genes involved in fiber development, fertility and somatic embryogenesis, resistance to important biotic and abiotic stresses, and oil and seed quality improvements as well as the key agronomic traits including yield and maturity. Here, we have comparatively reviewed seminal research efforts in previously used antisense approaches and currently applied breakthrough RNAi studies in cotton, analyzing developed RNAi methodologies, achievements, limitations, and future needs in functional characterizations of cotton genes. We also highlighted needed efforts in the development of RNAi-based cotton cultivars, and their safety and risk assessment, small and large-scale field trials, and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
- *Correspondence: Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov,
| | - Mirzakamol S. Ayubov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Zabardast T. Buriev
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Shukhrat E. Shermatov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Haydarali S. Ruziboev
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Umid M. Shapulatov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, StarkvilleMS, USA
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, LubbockTX, USA
| | - John Z. Yu
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, College StationTX, USA
| | - Richard G. Percy
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, College StationTX, USA
| | - Eric J. Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa CityIA, USA
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, NormalAL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hake D. Kater
- Agricultural and Environmental Research, CaryNC, USA
| | - Khakimdjan Khamidov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Shavkat I. Salikhov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Johnie N. Jenkins
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, StarkvilleMS, USA
| | - Abdusattor Abdukarimov
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Structural and Functional Genomics, Academy of Sciences the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources the Republic of Uzbekistan and “Uzpakhtasanoat” AssociationKibray, Uzbekistan
| | - Alan E. Pepper
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, Colleges StationTX, USA
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Nyaku ST, Sripathi VR, Kantety RV, Cseke SB, Buyyarapu R, Mc Ewan R, Gu YQ, Lawrence K, Senwo Z, Sripathi P, George P, Sharma GC. Characterization of the reniform nematode genome by shotgun sequencing. Genome 2014; 57:209-21. [PMID: 25036535 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reniform nematode (RN), a major agricultural pest particularly on cotton in the United States, is among the major plant-parasitic nematodes for which limited genomic information exists. In this study, over 380 Mb of sequence data were generated from pooled DNA of four adult female RNs and assembled into 67,317 contigs, including 25,904 (38.5%) predicted coding contigs and 41,413 (61.5%) noncoding contigs. Most of the characterized repeats were of low complexity (88.9%), and 0.9% of the contigs matched with 53.2% of GenBank ESTs. The most frequent Gene Ontology (GO) terms for molecular function and biological process were protein binding (32%) and embryonic development (20%). Further analysis showed that 741 (1.1%), 94 (0.1%), and 169 (0.25%) RN genomic contigs matched with 1328 (13.9%), 1480 (5.4%), and 1330 (7.4%) supercontigs of Meloidogyne incognita, Brugia malayi, and Pristionchus pacificus, respectively. Chromosome 5 of Caenorhabditis elegans had the highest number of hits to the RN contigs. Seven putative detoxification genes and three carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in cell wall degradation were studied in more detail. Additionally, kinases, G protein-coupled receptors, and neuropeptides functioning in physiological, developmental, and regulatory processes were identified in the RN genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seloame T Nyaku
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762, USA
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Buyyarapu R, Kantety RV, Yu JZ, Xu Z, Kohel RJ, Percy RG, Macmil S, Wiley GB, Roe BA, Sharma GC. BAC-pool sequencing and analysis of large segments of A12 and D12 homoeologous chromosomes in upland cotton. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76757. [PMID: 24116150 PMCID: PMC3792896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although new and emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have reduced sequencing costs significantly, much work remains to implement them for de novo sequencing of complex and highly repetitive genomes such as the tetraploid genome of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Herein we report the results from implementing a novel, hybrid Sanger/454-based BAC-pool sequencing strategy using minimum tiling path (MTP) BACs from Ctg-3301 and Ctg-465, two large genomic segments in A12 and D12 homoeologous chromosomes (Ctg). To enable generation of longer contig sequences in assembly, we implemented a hybrid assembly method to process ~35x data from 454 technology and 2.8-3x data from Sanger method. Hybrid assemblies offered higher sequence coverage and better sequence assemblies. Homology studies revealed the presence of retrotransposon regions like Copia and Gypsy elements in these contigs and also helped in identifying new genomic SSRs. Unigenes were anchored to the sequences in Ctg-3301 and Ctg-465 to support the physical map. Gene density, gene structure and protein sequence information derived from protein prediction programs were used to obtain the functional annotation of these genes. Comparative analysis of both contigs with Arabidopsis genome exhibited synteny and microcollinearity with a conserved gene order in both genomes. This study provides insight about use of MTP-based BAC-pool sequencing approach for sequencing complex polyploid genomes with limited constraints in generating better sequence assemblies to build reference scaffold sequences. Combining the utilities of MTP-based BAC-pool sequencing with current longer and short read NGS technologies in multiplexed format would provide a new direction to cost-effectively and precisely sequence complex plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Buyyarapu
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical University, Normal, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ramesh V. Kantety
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical University, Normal, Alabama, United States of America
| | - John Z. Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhanyou Xu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Russell J. Kohel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Percy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Crop Germplasm Research Unit, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Simone Macmil
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Graham B. Wiley
- Arthritis & Immunology Department, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Roe
- Advanced Center for Genome Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical University, Normal, Alabama, United States of America
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Nyaku ST, Sripathi VR, Kantety RV, Gu YQ, Lawrence K, Sharma GC. Characterization of the two intra-individual sequence variants in the 18S rRNA gene in the plant parasitic nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60891. [PMID: 23593343 PMCID: PMC3623918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18S rRNA gene is fundamental to cellular and organismal protein synthesis and because of its stable persistence through generations it is also used in phylogenetic analysis among taxa. Sequence variation in this gene within a single species is rare, but it has been observed in few metazoan organisms. More frequently it has mostly been reported in the non-transcribed spacer region. Here, we have identified two sequence variants within the near full coding region of 18S rRNA gene from a single reniform nematode (RN) Rotylenchulus reniformis labeled as reniform nematode variant 1 (RN_VAR1) and variant 2 (RN_VAR2). All sequences from three of the four isolates had both RN variants in their sequences; however, isolate 13B had only RN variant 2 sequence. Specific variable base sites (96 or 5.5%) were found within the 18S rRNA gene that can clearly distinguish the two 18S rDNA variants of RN, in 11 (25.0%) and 33 (75.0%) of the 44 RN clones, for RN_VAR1 and RN_VAR2, respectively. Neighbor-joining trees show that the RN_VAR1 is very similar to the previously existing R. reniformis sequence in GenBank, while the RN_VAR2 sequence is more divergent. This is the first report of the identification of two major variants of the 18S rRNA gene in the same single RN, and documents the specific base variation between the two variants, and hypothesizes on simultaneous co-existence of these two variants for this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seloame T Nyaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama, USA.
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Buyyarapu R, Kantety RV, Yu JZ, Saha S, Sharma GC. Development of New Candidate Gene and EST-Based Molecular Markers for Gossypium Species. Int J Plant Genomics 2012; 2011:894598. [PMID: 22315588 PMCID: PMC3270397 DOI: 10.1155/2011/894598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
New source of molecular markers accelerate the efforts in improving cotton fiber traits and aid in developing high-density integrated genetic maps. We developed new markers based on candidate genes and G. arboreum EST sequences that were used for polymorphism detection followed by genetic and physical mapping. Nineteen gene-based markers were surveyed for polymorphism detection in 26 Gossypium species. Cluster analysis generated a phylogenetic tree with four major sub-clusters for 23 species while three species branched out individually. CAP method enhanced the rate of polymorphism of candidate gene-based markers between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Two hundred A-genome based SSR markers were designed after datamining of G. arboreum EST sequences (Mississippi Gossypium arboreum EST-SSR: MGAES). Over 70% of MGAES markers successfully produced amplicons while 65 of them demonstrated polymorphism between the parents of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense RIL population and formed 14 linkage groups. Chromosomal localization of both candidate gene-based and MGAES markers was assisted by euploid and hypoaneuploid CS-B analysis. Gene-based and MGAES markers were highly informative as they were designed from candidate genes and fiber transcriptome with a potential to be integrated into the existing cotton genetic and physical maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Buyyarapu
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, 134 ARC Building, P.O. Box 1927, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - Ramesh V. Kantety
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, 134 ARC Building, P.O. Box 1927, Normal, AL 35762, USA
| | - John Z. Yu
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 5367, MS 39762, USA
| | - Govind C. Sharma
- Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A&M University, 134 ARC Building, P.O. Box 1927, Normal, AL 35762, USA
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Sharma GC, Jain M. A computational solution of mathematical model for oxygen transport in peripheral nerve. Comput Biol Med 2004; 34:633-45. [PMID: 15369713 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-4825(03)00043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Accepted: 04/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent transport of oxygen in a peripheral nerve by simulating oxygen release, diffusion, chemical reactions and consumption in capillaries and surrounding peripheral nerve tissue using Krogh cylinder symmetry has been studied. Radial diffusion of oxygen is from a capillary to a surrounding cylinder tissue and axial diffusion to arterial distance to veins. A monoexponential or bioexponential function characterizes the approach of the oxygen tension to a new value. The time-dependent transport of oxygen in peripheral nerve with forward and backward reactions has been considered in this mathematical model which makes it different from earlier-studied models. A numerical technique has been used to find the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Sharma
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Agra University, Institute of Basic Science, Khandari, Agra 282002, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjeet Singh
- Research & Development Centre Panacea Biotec Ltd. P.O. Lalru 140 501 Punjab, India
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Abstract
The rate at which red blood cells fall in vitro is used as a common clinical test for a number of pathological conditions. But this test becomes unreliable when one finds flaws in the model under consideration and these doubts raise the issue of aggregation of the red blood cells in concentration whose mathematical analysis is relatively unknown. However Huang et al. (Biorheology 8, 157-163, 1971) made some efforts and their model resembles certain moving boundary problems. In the present work the modifications to this model have been suggested so far as the concentration of the blood is concerned, it being one of the important factors to decide ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate). In the equation for nutrient concentration, to be more realistic, we have taken account of transfer of nutrient to the tissue from the blood. The exact solution has been obtained using Laplace transform. A finite element technique has been suggested which provides results closer to that of the exact solution. Our results for the blood concentration may be useful for conducting the ESR tests. A special case for an emergent patient when nutrient concentration falls down considerably and glucose is provided to improve the condition, has been shown graphically.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Basic Science, Agra, India
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Davis LE, Neff-Davis CA, Koritz GD, Bevill RF, Sharma GC, Langston VC, Munsiff IJ. Effect of organic vehicles on the pharmacokinetics of aminophylline administered intravenously to goats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1987; 10:144-9. [PMID: 3612942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminophylline dissolved in water, propylene glycol, or dimethyl sulfoxide was administered intravenously to goats in a randomized cross-over experiment. Model-dependent and model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for theophylline were compared on the basis of the solvent used in the dosage form administered. No difference was found in any pharmacokinetic parameter. Thus, we found no evidence for the possibility that the organic solvents studied would confound pharmacokinetic investigations of theophylline and similar lipophilic drugs.
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Short CR, Barker SA, Hsieh LC, Ou SP, Davis LE, Koritz G, Neff-Davis CA, Bevill RF, Munsiff IJ, Sharma GC. Disposition of fenbendazole in the goat. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48:811-5. [PMID: 3592382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of fenbendazole was studied in goats after oral or IV administration. Plasma concentration vs time profiles were determined for fenbendazole and all of its metabolites. The total excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces was also measured for 6 days. A biliary cannula was inserted in 1 goat to study the excretion of fenbendazole and its metabolites into the bile. Fenbendazole was converted to its sulfoxide (oxfendazole), and the sulfone, primary amine, and p-hydroxylated metabolites. The active metabolite, oxfendazole, appeared in plasma, but only trace amounts were found in feces or urine. The major excretory metabolite was p-hydroxyfenbendazole.
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Bansal OP, Mathur SN, Leekha SM, Sharma GC. Evaluation of different surgical procedures in the treatment of haemorrhoids. J Indian Med Assoc 1987; 85:35-8. [PMID: 3611813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Vickers PJ, Bohra RC, Sharma GC. Hepatopulmonary amebiasis--a review of 40 cases. Int Surg 1982; 67:427-9. [PMID: 7183599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty cases of hepatopulmonary amebiasis secondary to hepatic amebiasis are reported. In an endemic area of amebiasis, this entity should always be borne in mind, as the frequent reports of hepatopulmonary amebiasis gives evidence of the magnitude of the problem. Diagnosis is mainly based on a palpable tender liver and/or lower intercostal tenderness, the fluoroscopic and radiological findings, and therapeutic response to dehydroemetine.
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Bohra RC, Saxena RL, Sharma GC. Emergency colon transplantation for esophageal perforation. Int Surg 1982; 67:437-8. [PMID: 7183604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Kala PC, Sharma GC. Amoebic pericarditis treated by pericardiectomy. J Indian Med Assoc 1980; 74:194-6. [PMID: 7452010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Bhora RC, Mathur SN, Saxena RL, Sharma GC. Chest injury. J Indian Med Assoc 1980; 74:70-2. [PMID: 7400592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Ali MS, Sharma GC, Asplund RO, Nevins MP, Garb S. Isolation of antitumor polysaccharide fractions from Yucca glauca Nutt. (Lilliaceae). Growth 1978; 42:213-23. [PMID: 98392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous alcoholic extract of fresh flowers of Yucca glauca Nutt. showed striking antitumor activity against B16 melanoma in mice. Systematic fractionation of the extract by means of solvent extraction and gel permeation chromatography led to separation of two galactose containing polysaccharide fractions with marked inhibitory activity against B16 melanoma in mice. The extraction, fractionation, purification and preliminary characterization of the active polysaccharide fractions are described. The materials showed no activity against L1210 or P388 leukemias in mice. The implications of the findings for searches for both natural and synthetic anticancer agents are discussed.
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19
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Kala PC, Sharma GC, Haldia KN. Fulminating amoebic colitis with multiple perforations. A case report. Am J Proctol 1977; 28:31-4. [PMID: 848572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Sharma GC, Dubey BL. Personality of the psychiatric male & female nurses--a comparative study. Nurs J India 1975; 66:257-8. [PMID: 1045276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Sharma GC, Garb S. Influence of cancer on the levels of pentobarbital in the blood and brain of mice. Gan 1974; 65:467-72. [PMID: 4464180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Sharma GC, Vickers P. Carcinoma of the pancreas. Int Surg 1974; 59:282-5. [PMID: 4421381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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23
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Sharma GC, Singh S. Morphology and function of oligodendroglia. A review. Indian J Med Sci 1973; 27:12-9. [PMID: 4121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Sharma GC, Kala PC, Bhargava U. Obstructive tubercular lesions of the large gut. Am J Proctol 1972; 23:218-27. [PMID: 5029828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Sharma GC, Singh S. Mechanisms of demyelination in the human demyelinating diseases and in the experimentally induced demyelinating conditions in animals. Neurol India 1972; 20:80-4. [PMID: 4635583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Sharma GC, Vickers P, Bhargava U. Amoeboma. A collective review. Am J Proctol 1972; 23:128-38. [PMID: 5017862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Sharma GC, Harneja RK, Sharma ML, Bhargava KN, Gangwall KC. Amoeboma of the large gut. A report of nine cases. Am J Proctol 1969; 20:289-99. [PMID: 5797924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Sharma BC, Sharma GC. Central venous pressure as a guide to fluid therapy in cases of shock and major surgical procedures. J Indian Med Assoc 1969; 52:454-457. [PMID: 5798965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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