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Suganuma K, Anma E, Elata A, Macalanda AMC, Kawazu SI, Inoue N. Tabanus chrysurus is a potential biological vector of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri in Japan. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:174. [PMID: 38561560 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Several species of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are known as vectors of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri and T. theileri-like trypanosomes; these host-parasite relationships were established based on the developmental stages of these parasites discovered in the hindgut of horse flies. T. theileri and T. theileri-like trypanosomes have been detected in cattle and wild deer in Japan; however, the vector horse fly species remains unidentified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the potential horse fly species serving as vectors of T. theileri in Japan. A total of 176 horse flies were collected between June to September 2020 and 2021 in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. The T. theileri infection in the captured horse flies was determined by PCR and microscopic analyses of their midgut and hindgut. Additionally, the trypanosome, microscopically detected in a horse fly, was molecularly characterized and phylogenetically analyzed using 18S rRNA and partial cathepsin L-like protein gene (CATL) sequence of the trypanosome. The microscopy and PCR analyses revealed 0.57% and 35.8% prevalence of T. theileri in horse flies, respectively. Epimastigote stages of T. theileri, adhered to the hindgut epithelial cells of Tabanus chrysurus via flagella or actively moving in the lumen of the gut, were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the connection of isolated trypanosomes with T. theileri in the TthI clade. These results suggest that Ta. chrysurus is a potential vector of T. theileri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suganuma
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Eito Anma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Afraa Elata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 13314, Sudan
| | - Adrian Miki C Macalanda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang 4122, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Arnuphapprasert A, Nugraheni YR, Khunmanee S, Kaewlamun W, Kaewthamasorn M. Seasonal dynamics and genetic characterization of bovine arthropod-borne parasites in Nan Province, Thailand with molecular identification of Anaplasma platys and Trypanosoma theileri. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 107:102156. [PMID: 38457963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Virulent species or strains of hematophagous borne pathogens such as Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Trypanosoma spp., are lethal to susceptible animals or reduce their productivity on a global scale. Nonetheless, efforts to diagnose the causative agents and assess the genotypic profiles as well as quantify the parasite burden of aforementioned parasites across seasons remain limited. Therefore, the present investigation sought to elucidate the genotypic composition of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Trypanosoma spp. The findings revealed heightened infection rates during the summer, manifesting a correlation between Trypanosoma spp. infection and seasonal fluctuations. Among the identified pathogens, Anaplasma marginale emerged as the most dominant species, while the occurrence of Anaplasma platys in Thai cattle was confirmed via the sequencing of the groEL gene. Moreover, the study successfully identified two lineages of Trypanosoma theileri. The findings of this investigation offer valuable insights that can inform the development of preventive strategies for vector-borne diseases, such as considering the appropriate use of insect repellent, mosquito or insect nets, or eliminating breeding places for insects in each season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apinya Arnuphapprasert
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Sarawanee Khunmanee
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Winai Kaewlamun
- School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Samoel GVA, Fernandes FD, Roman IJ, Rodrigues BT, Miletti LC, Bräunig P, Guerra RR, Sangioni LA, Cargnelutti JF, Vogel FSF. Detection of anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies in cattle from southern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 33:e013723. [PMID: 38126573 PMCID: PMC10782508 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612024002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a disease that originated in Africa and currently affects cattle in several South American countries, including almost all Brazilian states. Despite the reports on T. vivax infection in southern Brazil, data on its circulation status is currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to detect anti-Trypanosoma spp. IgG antibodies in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul and suggest areas with T. vivax transmission risk. A total of 691 serum samples from cattle in the intermediate regions of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The overall seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma antibodies in cattle was 24.6% (170/691). The detection rate ranged from 0-37.3%, with a high prevalence in the intermediate regions of Ijuí (37.3%), Uruguaiana (30.7%), and Passo Fundo (28.9%). Thus, these regions were suggested as possible bovine trypanosomosis risk areas due to the high seroprevalence. This is the first serological study to determine Trypanosoma spp. infection status in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul, providing data on the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Vaz Aguirre Samoel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fagner D’ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis – UniRitter, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Bibiana Teixeira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Patrícia Bräunig
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Renata Rojas Guerra
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Zhyldyz A, Aitakin K, Atabek B, Elmurat J, Rysbek N, Jailobek O, Ahedor B, Otgonsuren D, Mumbi NNM, Guswanto A, Sivakumar T, Yokoyama N. An epidemiological survey of vector-borne pathogens infecting cattle in Kyrgyzstan. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102791. [PMID: 37544641 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cattle production is a major contributor to the national economy of Kyrgyzstan. Most cattle in Kyrgyzstan are managed via extensive systems and graze in communal pastures. As a result, infestations with ectoparasites are widespread, implying that various vector-borne diseases might be common in cattle. However, methods to control such infectious diseases are not available in Kyrgyzstan because the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) infecting cattle remains unclear. The present study was therefore designed to survey Kyrgyz cattle for VBPs. We prepared blood DNA samples from 319 cattle in Kyrgyzstan and screened them with specific PCR assays for detecting Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia naoakii, Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis, Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma theileri, and Anaplasma marginale infections. Our findings indicated that the surveyed cattle were infected with six of the eight pathogens targeted, with the exceptions being B. naoakii and Try. evansi. The most common pathogen was T. orientalis (84.3%), followed by B. bigemina (47.6%), T. annulata (16.6%), A. marginale (11.6%), Try. theileri (7.2%), and B. bovis (2.5%). Additional screening of the B. bovis- and B. bigemina-negative samples with a Babesia genus-specific 18S rRNA PCR identified two positive samples, and sequencing analysis confirmed that each of them was infected with either Babesia major or Babesia occultans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. occultans, Try. theileri, and A. marginale infections in cattle in Kyrgyzstan. Our findings suggest that cattle in Kyrgyzstan are at high risk of infectious diseases caused by VBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atambekova Zhyldyz
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kamarli Aitakin
- Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Berdikulov Atabek
- Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Jetigenov Elmurat
- Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named After. K.I. Scryabin, Mederova Str. 68, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nurgaziev Rysbek
- Kyrgyz National Agrarian University Named After. K.I. Scryabin, Mederova Str. 68, Bishkek 720005, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Orozov Jailobek
- Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary Named After A. Duisheev, Togolok Moldo Str. 60, Bishkek 720033, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Believe Ahedor
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Davaajav Otgonsuren
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ngigi Noel Muthoni Mumbi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Azirwan Guswanto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; WOAH Reference Laboratories for Bovine Babesiosis and Equine Piroplasmosis, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Elata A, Galon EM, Moumouni PFA, Ybanez RHD, Mossaad E, Salces CB, Bajenting GP, Ybanez AP, Xuan X, Inoue N, Suganuma K. Molecular Detection of Animal Trypanosomes in Different Animal Species in the Visayas Region of the Philippines. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:604-611. [PMID: 37368129 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Animal trypanosomosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases significantly affecting the Philippine economy. It is considered by the government to be the second most important disease of livestock after fasciolosis. A PCR-based molecular survey for trypanosomes in different animals in Bohol, Philippines, was performed to assess the prevalence of trypanosomosis in the area during the rainy and dry season. METHODS A total of 269 blood samples were collected in two batches in rainy and dry season from different animal species in Ubay Stock Farm in Ubay, Bohol, the Philippines, including 151 samples from water buffaloes, 76 samples from cattle, 35 samples from goats, and 7 samples from horses. DNA was subsequently extracted from these blood samples, and two different PCR assays were employed to detect and identify trypanosomes DNA including ITS1 PCR and CatL PCR. RESULTS Animal trypanosomes, Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma theileri, were detected in water buffalo (37.7%) [95%CI: 30.4 - 45.7], cattle (44.7%) [95%CI: 34.1 - 55.9], and goats (34.3%) [95%CI: 20.8 - 50.8]. Only T. evansi was detected in horses (28.6%) [95% CI: 8.2 - 64.1]. No clinical signs were observed in all positive animals. CONCLUSION This highlights the importance of domestic animals that can be infected with no signs but may act as reservoir animals and transmit trypanosomosis to susceptible animals. This study supports the importance of regular surveillance to estimate the prevalence of the disease, emphasizing its various dynamics in the affected areas and supporting efficient intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Elata
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 13314, Sudan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rochelle Haidee D Ybanez
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Ehab Mossaad
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Caro B Salces
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, 6315, Ubay, Bohol, Philippines
| | - Gundolino P Bajenting
- Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm, Lomangog, 6315, Ubay, Bohol, Philippines
| | - Adrian P Ybanez
- Institute of Molecular Parasitology and Protozoan Diseases at Main Campus and College of Veterinary Medicine at Barili Campus, Cebu Technological University, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Sowerby K, Freitag-Pohl S, Murillo AM, Silber AM, Pohl E. Cysteine synthase: multiple structures of a key enzyme in cysteine synthesis and a potential drug target for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:518-530. [PMID: 37204818 PMCID: PMC10233618 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whilst leishmaniasis, which is caused by over 20 species of Leishmania, represents a group of NTDs endemic to most countries in the tropical and subtropical belt of the planet. These diseases remain a significant health problem both in endemic countries and globally. These parasites and other trypanosomatids, including T. theileri, a bovine pathogen, rely on cysteine biosynthesis for the production of trypanothione, which is essential for parasite survival in hosts. The de novo pathway of cysteine biosynthesis requires the conversion of O-acetyl-L-serine into L-cysteine, which is catalysed by cysteine synthase (CS). These enzymes present potential for drug development against T. cruzi, Leishmania spp. and T. theileri. To enable these possibilities, biochemical and crystallographic studies of CS from T. cruzi (TcCS), L. infantum (LiCS) and T. theileri (TthCS) were conducted. Crystal structures of the three enzymes were determined at resolutions of 1.80 Å for TcCS, 1.75 Å for LiCS and 2.75 Å for TthCS. These three homodimeric structures show the same overall fold and demonstrate that the active-site geometry is conserved, supporting a common reaction mechanism. Detailed structural analysis revealed reaction intermediates of the de novo pathway ranging from an apo structure of LiCS and holo structures of both TcCS and TthCS to the substrate-bound structure of TcCS. These structures will allow exploration of the active site for the design of novel inhibitors. Additionally, unexpected binding sites discovered at the dimer interface represent new potential for the development of protein-protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sowerby
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Hong Y, Suganuma K, Ohari Y, Kayano M, Nakazaki K, Fukumoto S, Kawazu SI, Inoue N. Seasonal Variation and Factors Affecting Trypanosoma theileri Infection in Wild Sika Deer (Ezo Sika Deer Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Eastern Hokkaido. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101707. [PMID: 37238137 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) spp. are isolated from domestic and wild ruminants, including deer, worldwide. The prevalence of trypanosomes in mammals is influenced by a number of factors such as host age and vector abundance. However, the seasonal variation of and factors affecting trypanosome infection in the wild deer population remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal variation in trypanosome prevalence and the factors that affect Trypanosoma theileri Laveran, 1902, infection in wild sika deer (Ezo sika deer) Cervus nippon yesoensis (Heude, 1884) in Eastern Hokkaido through a two-year survey. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of trypanosome infection in the deer population ranged from 0 to 41% as per hematocrit concentration and 17 to 89% as per PCR results. In general, the prevalence of T. theileri by PCR in 2020 was higher than that in 2019. Moreover, the prevalence was significantly higher in the aged population than among the younger population. These findings may explain why individual conditions and sampling season were associated with trypanosome prevalence. This is the first study to investigate the seasonal variation in and risk factors affecting trypanosome infection in wild deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujon Hong
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Jyo Nishi 10, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakazaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kostygov AY, Frolov AO, Malysheva MN, Ganyukova AI, Drachko D, Yurchenko V, Agasoi VV. Development of two species of the Trypanosoma theileri complex in tabanids. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:95. [PMID: 35313955 PMCID: PMC8935851 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma theileri species complex includes parasites of Bovidae (cattle, sheep, goat, etc.) and Cervidae (deer) transmitted mainly by Tabanidae (horse flies and deerflies) and keds (Hippoboscidae). While morphological discrimination of species is challenging, two big clades, TthI and TthII, each containing parasites isolated from bovids and cervids, have been identified phylogenetically. To date, the development in the vector has been studied in detail only for the ked-transmitted sheep parasite T. melophagium (TthII), while the fate of trypanosomes in tabanids was described only briefly by light microscopy. Methods We collected infected tabanids of various species and identified trypanosomes by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The morphology and development of trypanosomes was studied using the combination of statistical analyses as well as light and electron microscopy. Results Two trypanosome species belonging to both TthI and TthII clades of the T. theileri complex were identified. The phylogenetic position of these two trypanosomes suggests that they parasitize deer. Both species were indiscernible by morphology in the vector and showed the same development in its intestine. In contrast to the previously described development of T. melophagium, both trypanosomes of tabanids only transiently infected midgut and settled mainly in the ileum, while pylorus and rectum were neglected. Meanwhile, the flagellates developing in the tabanid ileum (pyriform epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes) showed similarities to the corresponding stages in T. melophagium by morphology, mode of attachment to the host cuticle and formation of the fibrillar matrix surrounding the mass of developing parasites. In addition, for the first time to our knowledge we documented extraintestinal stages in these trypanosomes, located in the space between the epithelium and circular muscles. Conclusions The development of different species of flagellates of the T. theileri complex in their insect vectors shows many similarities, which can be explained not only by their common origin, but also the same transmission mode, i.e. contamination of the oral mucosa with the gut content released after squashing the insect either by tongue or teeth. The observed differences (concerning primarily the distribution of developmental stages in the intestine) are associated rather with the identity of vectors than the phylogenetic position of parasites. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05212-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Yu Kostygov
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia. .,Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 71000, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander O Frolov
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia
| | - Marina N Malysheva
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia
| | - Anna I Ganyukova
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia
| | - Daria Drachko
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 71000, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Vera V Agasoi
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia.,Natural-Geographical Faculty, Pskov State University, Pskov, 180000, Russia
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