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Hande SS, Andronowski JM, Miller EH. Microarchitecture of the penis bone (baculum) of a seal: A 3D morphometric examination using synchrotron and laboratory micro-computed tomography. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2858-2874. [PMID: 38311971 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
We examined the ultrastructure of the mammalian os penis at the high-resolution synchrotron level. Previously, bacular microanatomy had only been investigated histologically. We studied the baculum of the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), in which the baculum varies more in size and shape than does a mechanically constrained bone (humerus). We (1) investigated the microarchitecture of bacula and humeri from the same seal specimens, and (2) described changes in bone micro- and macro-morphology associated with age (n = 15, age range = 1-35 years) and bone type. We analyzed cross-sectional geometry non-destructively through laboratory micro-computed tomography. We suggest that the midshaft may resist axial compression while the proximal region may resist torsion, based on measurements of cross-sectional and cortical areas, perimeter, ratio of maximum and minimum moments of inertia, and polar moment of inertia. In addition, midshaft bacula may be less mechanosensitive than humeri, based on microstructural variables (e.g., volume, surface area, diameter associated with lacunae and cortical porosity) analyzed across age groupings. Our findings related to the microarchitecture of the pinniped baculum provide a basis for further studies on development, mechanical properties, functions, and adaptations in this and other pinniped species. Our use of a multi-modal imaging approach was minimally destructive for reproducible and accurate comparison of three-dimensional bone ultrastructure. Such methods, coupled with multidisciplinary analyses, enable diverse studies of bone biology, life history, and evolution using museum collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Hande
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Janna M Andronowski
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Edward H Miller
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
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2
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Kalmet P, Maduro C, Verstappen C, Meys G, van Horn Y, van Vugt R, Janzing H, van der Veen A, Jaspars C, Sintenie JB, Blokhuis T, Evers S, Seelen H, Brink P, Poeze M. Effectiveness of permissive weight bearing in surgically treated trauma patients with peri- and intra-articular fractures of the lower extremities: a prospective comparative multicenter cohort study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2024; 34:1363-1371. [PMID: 38159217 PMCID: PMC10980603 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a novel approach involving permissive weight bearing (PWB) in surgically treated trauma patients with peri- and intra-articular fractures of the lower extremities. METHODS Prospective comparative multicenter cohort study in one level 1 trauma center and five level 2 trauma centers. Surgically treated trauma patients with peri- and intra-articular fractures of the lower extremities were included. Permissive weight bearing (PWB) in comparison to restricted weight bearing (RWB) was assessed over a 26-week post-surgery follow-up period. Patients' self-perceived outcome levels regarding activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL), pain and weight bearing compliance were used. RESULTS This study included 106 trauma patients (N = 53 in both the PWB and RWB groups). Significantly better ADL and QoL were found in the PWB group compared to the RWB group at 2-, 6-, 12- and 26-weeks post-surgery. There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rates between the PWB and RWB groups. CONCLUSION PWB is effective and is associated with a significantly reduced time to full weight bearing, and a significantly better outcome regarding ADL and QoL compared to patients who followed RWB regimen. Moreover, no significant differences in complication rates were found between the PWB and RWB groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II. REGISTRATION This study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NTR6077). Date of registration: 01-09-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishtiwan Kalmet
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cherelle Maduro
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Verstappen
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Meys
- Adelante Rehabilitation Center, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Coen Jaspars
- Maxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Taco Blokhuis
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Evers
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Seelen
- Adelante Rehabilitation Center, Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Brink
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Poeze
- Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Nutrim School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Van Ankum EM, Majcher KB, Dolovich AT, Johnston JD, Flegel KP, Boughner JC. Food texture and vitamin D influence mouse mandible form and molar roots. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:611-632. [PMID: 37702738 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization influenced several facets of lifestyle, including softer nutrient-poor diets that contributed to vitamin D deficiency in post-industrzialized populations, with concomitantly increased dental problems. Here we simulated a post-industrialized diet in a mouse model to test the effects of diet texture and vitamin D level on mandible and third molar (M3) forms. Mice were raised on a soft diet with vitamin D (VitD) or without it (NoD), or on a hard diet with vitamin D. We hypothesized that a VitD/hard diet is optimal for normal mandible and tooth root form, as well as for timely M3 initiation. Subsets of adult NoD/soft and VitD/soft groups were bred to produce embryos that were micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanned to stage M3 development. M3 stage did not differ between embryos from mothers fed VitD and NoD diets, indicating that vitamin D does not affect timing of M3 onset. Sacrificed adult mice were μCT-scanned, their mandibles 3D-landmarked and M3 roots were measured. Principal component (PC) analysis described the largest proportion of mandible shape variance (PC1, 30.1%) related to diet texture, and nominal shape variance (PC2, 13.8%) related to vitamin D. Mice fed a soft diet had shorter, relatively narrower, and somewhat differently shaped mandibles that recapitulated findings in human populations. ANOVA and other multivariate tests found significantly wider M3 roots and larger root canals in mice fed a soft diet, with vitamin D having little effect. Altogether our experiments using a mouse model contribute new insights about how a post-industrial diet may influence human craniodental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Van Ankum
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kadin B Majcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Allan T Dolovich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - James D Johnston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kennedy P Flegel
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Julia C Boughner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Smotrova E, Li S, Silberschmidt VV. Trabecula-level mechanoadaptation: Numerical analysis of morphological changes. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107720. [PMID: 38006828 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a living material that, unlike man-made ones, demonstrates continuous adaptation of its structure and mechanical properties to resist the imposed mechanical loading. Adaptation in trabecular bone is characterised by improvement of its stiffness in the loading direction and respective realignment of trabecular load-bearing architecture. Considerable experimental and simulation evidence of trabecular bone adaptation to its mechanical environment at the tissue- and organ-levels was obtained, while little attention was given to the trabecula-level of this process. This study aims to describe and classify load-driven morphological changes at the level of individual trabeculae and to propose their drivers. METHOD For this purpose, a well-established mechanoregulation-based numerical model of bone adaptation was implemented in a user-defined subroutine that changed the structural and mechanical properties of trabeculae based on the magnitude of a mechanical stimulus. This subroutine was used in conjunction with finite-element models of variously shaped structures representing trabeculae loaded in compression or shear. RESULTS In all analysed cases, trabeculae underwent morphological evolution under applied compressive or shear loading. Among twelve cases analysed, six main mechanisms of morphological evolution were established: reorientation, splitting, merging, full resorption, thinning, and thickening. Moreover, all simulated cases presented the ability to reduce the mean value of von Mises stress while increasing their ability to resist compressive/shear loading during adaptation. CONCLUSION This study evaluated morphological and mechanical changes in trabeculae of different shapes in response to compressive or shear loadings and compared them based on the analysis of von Mises stress distribution as well as profiles of normal and shear stresses in the trabeculae at different stages of their adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smotrova
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Laboratory of Mechanics of Biocompatible Materials and Devices, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Ave., 29, Perm, 614000, Russia.
| | - Simin Li
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Vadim V Silberschmidt
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Irandoust S, Müftü S. On computational predictions of fluid flow and its effects on bone healing in dental implant treatments: an investigation of spatiotemporal fluid flow in cyclic loading. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:85-104. [PMID: 36329356 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fluid flow in (porous) bone plays an important role in its maintenance, adaptation, and healing after an injury. Experimental and computational studies apply mechanical loading on bone to predict fluid flow development and/or to find its material properties. In most cases, mechanical loading is applied as a linear function in time. Multiple loading functions-with identical peak load and loading frequency-were used to investigate load-induced fluid flow and predict bone healing surrounding a dental implant. Implementing an instantaneous healing stimulus led to major differences in healing predictions for slightly different loading functions. Load-induced fluid flow was found to be displacement-rate dependent with complex spatial-temporal variations and not necessarily symmetrical during loading and unloading phases. Haversine loading resulted in more numerical stability compared to ramped/triangular loading, providing the opportunity for further investigation of the effects of various physiological masticatory loadings. It was concluded that using the average healing stimulus during cyclic loading gives the most robust bone healing predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Irandoust
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Sinan Müftü
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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6
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Contuzzi N, Casalino G, Boccaccio A, Ballini A, Charitos IA, Bottalico L, Santacroce L. Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:14. [PMID: 36662061 PMCID: PMC9863779 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials' reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contuzzi
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Casalino
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Boccaccio
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Pre-Latin, Latin and Oriental Rights and Culture Studies (CEDICLO), University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Paillard T, El Hage R, Rassy NA, Zouhal H, Kaabi S, Passelergue P. Effects of Different Levels of Weightlifting Training on Bone Mineral Density in a Group of Adolescents. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:497-505. [PMID: 35973884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of weightlifting training on bone mineral density (BMD) at different body sites (whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), upper limbs (UL) and lower limbs (LL)) in a group of adolescents. Three groups of pubertal boys aged 13-15 years were recruited, including a control group (which included 13 untrained adolescents), a moderately trained group (which included 13 non-elite weightlifters, with four sessions of 2 hours per week) and a highly trained group (which included 13 elite weightlifters, with eight sessions of 2 hours per week). The three groups were paired for age and maturation index (using Tanner stages). Body composition, bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were evaluated by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance variables (including weightlifting specific exercises, counter movement jump and squat jump) were measured using validated methods. Results showed that the values of BMD and physical performance variables were greater in the group of elite weightlifters compared to the group of non-elite weightlifters and the control group. In addition, the values of BMD and physical performance variables were higher in the group of the non-elite weightlifters compared to those of the control group. After adjusting for lean mass and squat jump, lumbar spine BMD, FN BMD, UL BMD and LL BMD remained significantly higher in the elite weightlifters' group compared to the two other groups. In conclusion, the current study suggests that elite adolescent weightlifters have greater bone health parameters compared to moderately-trained adolescent weightlifters and untrained adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paillard
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon.
| | - Nathalie Al Rassy
- Department of Physical Education, Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University of Rennes 2, Rennes F-35000, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France
| | - Sofiane Kaabi
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
| | - Philippe Passelergue
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Equilibre, Performance et Santé, EA 4445, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S, Département STAPS, ZA Bastillac Sud, 65000 Tarbes, France
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8
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Zeng HZ, Zheng LD, Xu ML, Zhu SJ, Zhou L, Candito A, Wu T, Zhu R, Chen Y. Biomechanical effect of age-related structural changes on cervical intervertebral disc: A finite element study. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:1541-1551. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature has investigated the biomechanical response of healthy and degenerative discs, but the biomechanical response of suboptimal healthy intervertebral discs received less attention. The purpose was to compare the biomechanical responses and risk of herniation of young healthy, suboptimal healthy, and degenerative intervertebral discs. A cervical spine model was established and validated using the finite element method. Suboptimal healthy, mildly, moderately, and severely degenerative disc models were developed. Disc height deformation, range of motion, intradiscal pressure, and von Mises stress in annulus fibrosus were analyzed by applying a moment of 4 Nm in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation with 100 N compressive loads. Disc height deformation in young healthy, suboptimal healthy, mildly, moderately, and severely degenerative discs was 40%, 37%, 21%, 12%, and 8%, respectively. The decreasing order of the range of motion was young healthy spine > suboptimal healthy spine > mildly degenerative spine > moderately degenerative spine > severely degenerative spine. The mean stress of annulus ground substance in the suboptimal healthy disc was higher than in the young healthy disc. The mean stress of inter-lamellar matrix and annulus ground substance in moderately and severely degenerative discs was higher than in other discs. Age-related structural changes and degenerative changes increased the stiffness and reduced the elastic deformation of intervertebral discs. Decreased range of motion due to the effects of aging or degeneration on the intervertebral disc, may cause compensation of adjacent segments and lead to progressive degeneration of multiple segments. The effect of aging on the intervertebral disc increased the risk of annulus fibrosus damage from the biomechanical point of view. Moderately and severely degenerative discs may have a higher risk of herniation due to the higher risk of damage and layers separation of annulus fibrosus caused by increased stress in the annulus ground substance and inter-lamellar matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-zi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang-dong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonio Candito
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tao Wu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Nasrollahi TS, Lee MK, Liu GC. Adaptive nasal bone remodeling secondary to chronic virtual reality headset use. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103587. [PMID: 35939985 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging technology that creates simulated experiences for the user, often through the use of heavy head-mounted displays or headsets. Nasal bone remodeling caused by structural force from the use of VR hardware has not been reported in the existing literature. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who suffered from nasal deformity as a result of many hours of use of the Oculus VR headset. The incidence of new bone formation and soft tissue hyperplasia has been described in animal studies and seen in cases of ill-fitted eyeglasses, goggles, and oxygen masks. The bony deformities described in this case are likely the result of bone and subcutaneous tissue remodeling in the setting of repeated, intermittent, dynamic mechanical loading applied by the VR headset over many months. To our knowledge, this is the first case to describe this clinical phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha S Nasrollahi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Lee
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gene C Liu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Cedars-Sinai Division of Otolaryngology, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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10
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Kim YH, Oreffo ROC, Dawson JI. From hurdle to springboard: The macrophage as target in biomaterial-based bone regeneration strategies. Bone 2022; 159:116389. [PMID: 35301163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the role of the innate immune response in mediating repair and biomaterial directed tissue regeneration. The long-held view of the host immune/inflammatory response as an obstacle limiting stem cell regenerative activity, has given way to a fresh appreciation of the pivotal role the macrophage plays in orchestrating the resolution of inflammation and launching the process of remodelling and repair. In the context of bone, work over the past decade has established an essential coordinating role for macrophages in supporting bone repair and sustaining biomaterial driven osteogenesis. In this review evidence for the role of the macrophage in bone regeneration and repair is surveyed before discussing recent biomaterial and drug-delivery based approaches that target macrophage modulation with the goal of accelerating and enhancing bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Kim
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan I Dawson
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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11
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Zhang J, Griesbach J, Ganeyev M, Zehnder AK, Zeng P, Schädli GN, Leeuw AD, Lai Y, Rubert M, Mueller R. Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35617929 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading has been shown to influence various osteogenic responses of bone-derived cells and bone formation in vivo. However, the influence of mechanical stimulation on the formation of bone organoid in vitro is not clearly understood. Here, 3D bioprinted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-laden graphene oxide composite scaffolds were cultured in a novel cyclic-loading bioreactors for up to 56 days. Our results showed that mechanical loading from day 1 (ML01) significantly increased organoid mineral density, organoid stiffness, and osteoblast differentiation compared with non-loading and mechanical loading from day 21. Importantly, ML01 stimulated collagen I maturation, osteocyte differentiation, lacunar-canalicular network formation and YAP expression on day 56. These finding are the first to reveal that long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Such 3D bone organoids may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of bone pathophysiology and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Julia Griesbach
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marsel Ganeyev
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anna-Katharina Zehnder
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Peng Zeng
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Gian Nutal Schädli
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anke de Leeuw
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Marina Rubert
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Ralph Mueller
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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Gupta SD, Workman J, Finnilä MA, Saarakkala S, Thambyah A. Subchondral bone plate thickness is associated with micromechanical and microstructural changes in the bovine patella osteochondral junction with different levels of cartilage degeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105158. [PMID: 35279448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of joint degeneration on the biomechanical properties of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate at the osteochondral junction is relatively unknown. Common experimental difficulties include accessibility to and visualization of the osteochondral junction, application of mechanical testing at the appropriate length scale, and availability of tissue that provides a consistent range of degenerative changes. This study addresses these challenges. A well-established bovine patella model of early joint degeneration was employed, in which micromechanical testing of fully hydrated osteochondral sections was carried out in conjunction with high-resolution imaging using differential interference contrast (DIC) optical light microscopy. A total of forty-two bovine patellae with different grades of tissue health ranging from healthy to mild, moderate, and severe cartilage degeneration, were selected. From the distal-lateral region of each patella, two adjacent osteochondral sections were obtained for the mechanical testing and the DIC imaging, respectively. Mechanical testing was carried out using a robotic micro-force acquisition system, applying compression tests over an array (area: 200 μm × 1000 μm, step size: 50 μm) across the osteochondral junction to obtain a stiffness map. Morphometric analysis was performed for the DIC images of fully hydrated cryo-sections. The levels of cartilage degeneration, DIC images, and the stiffness maps were used to associate the mechanical properties onto the specific tissue regions of cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone plate. The results showed that there were up to 20% and 24% decreases (p < 0.05) in the stiffness of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate, respectively, in the severely degenerated group compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, there were increases (p < 0.05) in the number of tidemarks, bone spicules at the cement line, and the mean thickness of the subchondral bone plate with increasing levels of degeneration. The decreasing stiffness in the subchondral bone plate coupled with the presence of bone spicules may be indicative of a subchondral remodeling process involving new bone formation. Moreover, the mean thickness of the subchondral bone plate was found to be the strongest indicator of mechanical and associated structural changes in the osteochondral joint tissues.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biomechanics is an important aspect of the complex family of diseases known as the glaucomas. Here, we review recent studies of biomechanics in glaucoma. RECENT FINDINGS Several tissues have direct and/or indirect biomechanical roles in various forms of glaucoma, including the trabecular meshwork, cornea, peripapillary sclera, optic nerve head/sheath, and iris. Multiple mechanosensory mechanisms and signaling pathways continue to be identified in both the trabecular meshwork and optic nerve head. Further, the recent literature describes a variety of approaches for investigating the role of tissue biomechanics as a risk factor for glaucoma, including pathological stiffening of the trabecular meshwork, peripapillary scleral structural changes, and remodeling of the optic nerve head. Finally, there have been advances in incorporating biomechanical information in glaucoma prognoses, including corneal biomechanical parameters and iridial mechanical properties in angle-closure glaucoma. SUMMARY Biomechanics remains an active aspect of glaucoma research, with activity in both basic science and clinical translation. However, the role of biomechanics in glaucoma remains incompletely understood. Therefore, further studies are indicated to identify novel therapeutic approaches that leverage biomechanics. Importantly, clinical translation of appropriate assays of tissue biomechanical properties in glaucoma is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak N. Safa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Cydney A. Wong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Jungmin Ha
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA
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García-Aznar JM, Nasello G, Hervas-Raluy S, Pérez MÁ, Gómez-Benito MJ. Multiscale modeling of bone tissue mechanobiology. Bone 2021; 151:116032. [PMID: 34118446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical environment has a crucial role in our organism at the different levels, ranging from cells to tissues and our own organs. This regulatory role is especially relevant for bones, given their importance as load-transmitting elements that allow the movement of our body as well as the protection of vital organs from load impacts. Therefore bone, as living tissue, is continuously adapting its properties, shape and repairing itself, being the mechanical loads one of the main regulatory stimuli that modulate this adaptive behavior. Here we review some key results of bone mechanobiology from computational models, describing the effect that changes associated to the mechanical environment induce in bone response, implant design and scaffold-driven bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Gabriele Nasello
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Gómez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Mirulla AI, Pinelli S, Zaffagnini S, Nigrelli V, Ingrassia T, Paolo SD, Bragonzoni L. Numerical simulations on periprosthetic bone remodeling: a systematic review. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 204:106072. [PMID: 33819822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to review the literature concerning the analysis of periprosthetic bone remodeling through finite element (FE) simulation. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on 9 databases, taking into account a ten-year time period (from 2009 until 2020). The inclusion criteria were: articles published in English, publication date after 2009, full text articles, articles containing the keywords both in the abstract and in the title. The articles were classified through the following parameters: dimensionality of the simulation, modelling of the bone-prosthesis interface, output parameters, type of simulated prosthesis, bone remodeling algorithm. RESULTS Sixty-seven articles were included in the study. Femur and tooth were the most evaluated bone segment (respectively 41.8% and 29.9%). The 55.2% of the evaluated articles used a bonded bone-prosthesis interface, 73% used 3D simulations, 67.2% of the articles (45 articles) evaluate the bone remodeling by the bone density variation. At last, 59.7% of the articles employed algorithms based on a specific remodeling function. CONCLUSIONS Increasing interest in the bone remodeling FE analysis in different bone segments emerged from the review, and heterogeneous solutions were adopted. An optimal balance between computational cost and accuracy is needed to accurately simulate the bone remodeling phenomenon in the post-operative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Igor Mirulla
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neurmotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via G. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Pinelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Department of Biomedical and Neurmotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via G. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; 2nd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigrelli
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ingrassia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Paolo
- Department of Biomedical and Neurmotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via G. Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bragonzoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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16
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Lindsay SL, Barnett SC. Therapeutic Potential of Niche-Specific Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040901. [PMID: 33919910 PMCID: PMC8070966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for transplant-mediated repair represents an important and promising therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury (SCI). The appeal of MSCs has been fuelled by their ease of isolation, immunosuppressive properties, and low immunogenicity, alongside the large variety of available tissue sources. However, despite reported similarities in vitro, MSCs sourced from distinct tissues may not have comparable biological properties in vivo. There is accumulating evidence that stemness, plasticity, immunogenicity, and adaptability of stem cells is largely controlled by tissue niche. The extrinsic impact of cellular niche for MSC repair potential is therefore important, not least because of its impact on ex vivo expansion for therapeutic purposes. It is likely certain niche-targeted MSCs are more suited for SCI transplant-mediated repair due to their intrinsic capabilities, such as inherent neurogenic properties. In addition, the various MSC anatomical locations means that differences in harvest and culture procedures can make cross-comparison of pre-clinical data difficult. Since a clinical grade MSC product is inextricably linked with its manufacture, it is imperative that cells can be made relatively easily using appropriate materials. We discuss these issues and highlight the importance of identifying the appropriate niche-specific MSC type for SCI repair.
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17
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Aveline P, Cesaro A, Mazor M, Best TM, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Cumulative Effects of Strontium Ranelate and Impact Exercise on Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3040. [PMID: 33809778 PMCID: PMC8002366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of physical exercise (EXE), strontium ranelate (SR), or their combination on bone status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DESIGN Sixty female Wistar rats were randomized to one of five groups: sham (Sh), OVX (O), OVX+EXE (OE), OVX+SR (OSR), and OVX+EXE+SR (OESR). Animals in EXE groups were subjected to 10 drops per day (45 cm in height); rats in SR groups received 625 mg/kg/day of SR, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), mechanical strength of the left femur (three-point bending test), and femur microarchitecture of (micro-computed tomography imaging, microCT) analyses were performed to characterize biomechanical and trabecular/cortical structure. Bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content were evaluated by ELISA and immunofluorescence tests. RESULTS In OVX rats, whole-body BMD, trabecular parameters, and osteocalcin (OCN) levels decreased, while weight, lean/fat mass, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content all increased. EXE after ovariectomy improved BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), moment of inertia, and OCN levels while decreasing osteocyte apoptosis and lipid content. SR treatment increased BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, CSA, stiffness, OCN, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Furthermore, fat mass, N-telopeptide (NTX) level, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content significantly decreased. The combination of both EXE and SR improved bone parameters compared with EXE or SR alone. CONCLUSION EXE and SR had positive and synergistic effects on bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Aveline
- I3MTO, Université d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France; (P.A.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- I3MTO, Université d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France; (P.A.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Marija Mazor
- Center for Proteomics University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine Branchetta, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Thomas M. Best
- UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- I3MTO, Université d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France; (P.A.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Département de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier d’Orleans, 45100 Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier d’Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- I3MTO, Université d’Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France; (P.A.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Département de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier d’Orleans, 45100 Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier d’Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orleans, France
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Ganesh T, Laughrey LE, Niroobakhsh M, Lara-Castillo N. Multiscale finite element modeling of mechanical strains and fluid flow in osteocyte lacunocanalicular system. Bone 2020; 137:115328. [PMID: 32201360 PMCID: PMC7354216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes form over 90% of the bone cells and are postulated to be mechanosensors responsible for regulating the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone modeling and remodeling. Physical activity results in mechanical loading on the bones. Osteocytes are thought to be the main mechanosensory cells in bone. Upon load osteocytes secrete key factors initiating downstream signaling pathways that regulate skeletal metabolism including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Osteocytes have dendritic structures and are housed in the lacunae and canaliculi within the bone matrix. Mechanical loading is known to have two primary effects, namely a mechanical strain (membrane disruption by stretching) on the lacunae/cells, and fluid flow, in the form of fluid flow shear stress (FFSS), in the space between the cell membranes and the lacuna-canalicular walls. In response, osteocytes get activated via a process called mechanotransduction in which mechanical signals are transduced to biological responses. The study of mechanotransduction is a complex subject involving principles of engineering mechanics as well as biological signaling pathway studies. Several length scales are involved as the mechanical loading on macro sized bones are converted to strain and FFSS responses at the micro-cellular level. Experimental measurements of strain and FFSS at the cellular level are very difficult and correlating them to specific biological activity makes this a very challenging task. One of the methods commonly adopted is a multi-scale approach that combines biological and mechanical experimentation with in silico numerical modeling of the engineering aspects of the problem. Finite element analysis along with fluid-structure interaction methodologies are used to compute the mechanical strain and FFSS. These types of analyses often involve a multi-length scale approach where models of both the macro bone structure and micro structure at the cellular length scale are used. Imaging modalities play a crucial role in the development of the models and present their own challenges. This paper reviews the efforts of various research groups in addressing this problem and presents the work in our research group. A clear understanding of how mechanical stimuli affect the lacunae and perilacunar tissue strains and shear stresses on the cellular membranes may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the process of osteocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiagarajan Ganesh
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States of America.
| | - Loretta E Laughrey
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States of America
| | - Mohammadmehdi Niroobakhsh
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 350L Flarsheim Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States of America
| | - Nuria Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
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Matrali SSH, Ghag AK. Feedback-Controlled Release of Alendronate from Composite Microparticles. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030046. [PMID: 32630317 PMCID: PMC7564771 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended bone fractures or fractures coexisting with bone disorders can lead to non-unions where surgical intervention is required. Composite drug delivery systems are being used increasingly more in order to treat such defects locally. Alendronate (ALD), a bisphosphonate extensively used in clinical practice to treat conditions, such as osteoporosis, has been shown to assist bone fracture healing through its antiresorptive capacity. This study reports the development of a polymeric composite system for the in situ delivery of ALD, which possesses enhanced encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and demonstrates controlled release over a 70-day period. ALD and calcium phosphate (CaP) were incorporated within poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, giving rise to a 70% increase in EE% compared to a control system. Finally, a preliminary toxicological evaluation demonstrated a positive effect of the system on pre-osteoblastic cells over 72 h.
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20
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Zhang Y, Luo Y. Femoral bone mineral density distribution is dominantly regulated by strain energy density in remodeling. Biomed Mater Eng 2020; 31:179-190. [PMID: 32597795 DOI: 10.3233/bme-206000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that there is a relationship between bone strength and the forces that are daily applied to the bone. However, bone is a highly heterogeneous material and it is still not clear how mechanical variables regulate the distribution of bone mass in a femur. METHODS We studied the role of four mechanical variables, i.e. principal tensile/compressive stress, von Mises stress, and strain energy density (SED), in the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD) distribution in the human femur. The actual BMD in a femur was extracted from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and used as a reference for comparison. A finite element model of the femur was constructed from the same set of QCT scans and then used in iterative simulations of femur remodeling under stance and walking loading. The finite element model was initially assigned a homogeneous BMD distribution. During the remodeling, femur BMD was locally modified according to one of the four mechanical variables. The simulations were stopped when BMD change in two consecutive iterations was adequately small. The four simulated BMD patterns were then compared with the actual BMD. RESULTS It was found that the BMD pattern regulated by SED had the best similarity with the actual BMD. The medullary canal was successfully reproduced by simulated remodeling, indicating that in addition to its biological functions, the medullary canal has important biomechanical functions. CONCLUSIONS Both the actual and simulated BMD distributions showed that the proximal femur has much lower BMD than the femur shaft, which may explain why hip fractures most often occur at the proximal femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yunhua Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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21
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Liu HY, Zhao S, Zhang H, Huang SY, Peng WT, Zhang CQ, Wang W. Research on solute transport behaviors in the lacunar-canalicular system using numerical simulation in microgravity. Comput Biol Med 2020; 119:103700. [PMID: 32339112 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of mass transfer in microgravity might be the underlying cause of disuse osteoporosis in astronauts after long-term space flights. The osteons are cylindrical structures and are the main structural units of the diaphysis in long bones. METHODS A multi-scale 3D fluid-solid coupled finite element model of osteon with a two-stage pore structure was developed using COMSOL software in order to investigate solute transport behaviors in the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) induced by physiological strain loading. Certain small molecules that are necessary as solutes in tissue fluid for osteocyte metabolism were simplified to micro-particles. A comparative analysis of solute transport behaviors in the LCS induced by physiological strain loading was conducted with a frequency of 0.2-2.5 Hz in microgravity and the Earth's gravitational fields. RESULTS The average velocity of solute transport in lacunae in microgravity was 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than in Earth's gravitational field. The number of particles that represented solute transport quantity in the middle and deep lacunae increased steadily with a load frequency within the Earth's gravitational field. However, it differed based on the load frequency in microgravity, with the number of particles increasing with frequencies in the range of 0.2-0.5 Hz and 0.8-2 Hz, and decreasing with frequencies in the range of 0.5-0.8 Hz. CONCLUSIONS A moving load with appropriate frequency could promote solute transport to the middle and deep lacunae, effectively preventing apoptosis of deep osteocytes due to a lack of nutrients. The results of this study provided theoretical guidance for preventing bone loss in astronauts during long-term space flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Yi Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Tao Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People's Republic of China
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Reznikov N, Alsheghri AA, Piché N, Gendron M, Desrosiers C, Morozova I, Sanchez Siles JM, Gonzalez-Quevedo D, Tamimi I, Song J, Tamimi F. Altered topological blueprint of trabecular bone associates with skeletal pathology in humans. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100264. [PMID: 32420414 PMCID: PMC7218160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchically organized biological material, and its strength is usually attributed to overt factors such as mass, density, and composition. Here we investigate a covert factor – the topological blueprint, or the network organization pattern of trabecular bone. This generally conserved metric of an edge-and-node simplified presentation of trabecular bone relates to the average coordination/valence of nodes and the equiangular 3D offset of trabeculae emanating from these nodes. We compare the topological blueprint of trabecular bone in presumably normal, fractured osteoporotic, and osteoarthritic samples (all from human femoral head, cross-sectional study). We show that bone topology is altered similarly in both fragility fracture and in joint degeneration. Decoupled from the morphological descriptors, the topological blueprint subjected to simulated loading associates with an abnormal distribution of strain, local stress concentrations and lower resistance to the standardized load in pathological samples, in comparison with normal samples. These topological effects show no correlation with classic morphological descriptors of trabecular bone. The negative effect of the altered topological blueprint may, or may not, be partly compensated for by the morphological parameters. Thus, naturally occurring optimization of trabecular topology, or a lack thereof in skeletal disease, might be an additional, previously unaccounted for, contributor to the biomechanical performance of bone, and might be considered as a factor in the life-long pathophysiological trajectory of common bone ailments. Mechanical performance of the skeleton results from many factors and their interplay. Topological blueprint as a basic trabecular design plan is an understudied factor. Topological blueprint deviation undermines mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Higher bone mass or thicker trabeculae do not compensate for deviant topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Reznikov
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.,Object Research Systems Inc., 760 Saint-Paul St W, Montréal, QC H3C 1M4, Canada
| | - Ammar A Alsheghri
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St., Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Piché
- Object Research Systems Inc., 760 Saint-Paul St W, Montréal, QC H3C 1M4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gendron
- Object Research Systems Inc., 760 Saint-Paul St W, Montréal, QC H3C 1M4, Canada
| | | | - Ievgeniia Morozova
- Trikon Technologies Inc., 208 Rue Joseph-Carrier, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC J7V 5V5, Canada
| | | | | | - Iskandar Tamimi
- Regional University Hospital of Málaga, 84 Av. de Carlos Haya, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University St., Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Bernau M, Schrott J, Schwanitz S, Kreuzer LS, Scholz AM. "Sex" and body region effects on bone mineralization in male pigs. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:103-111. [PMID: 32318622 PMCID: PMC7163300 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-103-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness in pigs is one of the major reasons for culling and early losses in
pigs. This can be linked to osteoporosis due to pathologic alterations in
bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) and may also be
linked to the sex. Dealing with the ban on piglet castration without
anaesthesia in Germany 2021, we have three male “sex” types: entire
boars (EB), immunocastrated boars (IB), and surgically castrated boars (SB).
The hypothesis of the present study is that BMC or BMD varies between different
male sex types. If sex has an effect on bone mineralization
(BMC or BMD) and if this affects leg health, it could result in more lameness
and problems during fattening in the negatively affected sex type. The
present study evaluated bone mineralization (in terms of BMD and BMC) and
body composition traits using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) three
times during growth at 30, 50, and 90 kg live body weight. Nine body regions
were analysed for bone mineral traits and compared for different male sex
types and the fattening season. Significant differences were found
regarding BMD (and BMC) among EB, IB, and SB for whole-body BMD (BMC).
Additionally significant differences were found in the front and lower hind
limbs, where SB showed a significantly higher BMD compared to EB, with IB
in between. Additionally regional differences were detected among the groups.
Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of these differences in
bone mineralization on leg health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bernau
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, St. Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Faculty of Agriculture, Economics and Management, Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nürtingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schrott
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, St. Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwanitz
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, St. Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Kreuzer
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, St. Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin Manfred Scholz
- Livestock Center Oberschleissheim of the Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, St. Hubertusstrasse 12, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Abstract
Hox genes are indispensable for the proper patterning of the skeletal morphology of the axial and appendicular skeleton during embryonic development. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Hox expression continues from embryonic stages through postnatal and adult stages exclusively in a skeletal stem cell population. However, whether Hox genes continue to function after development has not been rigorously investigated. We generated a Hoxd11 conditional allele and induced genetic deletion at adult stages to show that Hox11 genes play critical roles in skeletal homeostasis of the forelimb zeugopod (radius and ulna). Conditional loss of Hox11 function at adult stages leads to replacement of normal lamellar bone with an abnormal woven bone-like matrix of highly disorganized collagen fibers. Examining the lineage from the Hox-expressing mutant cells demonstrates no loss of stem cell population. Differentiation in the osteoblast lineage initiates with Runx2 expression, which is observed similarly in mutants and controls. With loss of Hox11 function, however, osteoblasts fail to mature, with no progression to osteopontin or osteocalcin expression. Osteocyte-like cells become embedded within the abnormal bony matrix, but they completely lack dendrites, as well as the characteristic lacuno-canalicular network, and do not express SOST. Together, our studies show that Hox11 genes continuously function in the adult skeleton in a region-specific manner by regulating differentiation of Hox-expressing skeletal stem cells into the osteolineage.
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Liu Z, Liu J, Cui X, Wang X, Zhang L, Tang P. Recent Advances on Magnetic Sensitive Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering. Front Chem 2020; 8:124. [PMID: 32211375 PMCID: PMC7068712 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues or organs. Biomaterials are one of the most important components in tissue engineering. Recently, magnetic hydrogels, which are fabricated using iron oxide-based particles and different types of hydrogel matrices, are becoming more and more attractive in biomedical applications by taking advantage of their biocompatibility, controlled architectures, and smart response to magnetic field remotely. In this literature review, the aim is to summarize the current development of magnetically sensitive smart hydrogels in tissue engineering, which is of great importance but has not yet been comprehensively viewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jianheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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Baron C, Nguyen VH, Naili S, Guivier-Curien C. Interaction of ultrasound waves with bone remodelling: a multiscale computational study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1755-1764. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Veith A, Conway D, Mei L, Eskin SG, McIntire LV, Baker AB. Effects of Mechanical Forces on Cells and Tissues. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen J, He Y, Keilig L, Reimann S, Hasan I, Weinhold J, Radlanski R, Bourauel C. Numerical investigations of bone remodelling around the mouse mandibular molar primordia. Ann Anat 2019; 222:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cai X, Brenner R, Peralta L, Olivier C, Gouttenoire PJ, Chappard C, Peyrin F, Cassereau D, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Homogenization of cortical bone reveals that the organization and shape of pores marginally affect elasticity. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180911. [PMID: 30958180 PMCID: PMC6408344 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With ageing and various diseases, the vascular pore volume fraction (porosity) in cortical bone increases, and the morphology of the pore network is altered. Cortical bone elasticity is known to decrease with increasing porosity, but the effect of the microstructure is largely unknown, while it has been thoroughly studied for trabecular bone. Also, popular micromechanical models have disregarded several micro-architectural features, idealizing pores as cylinders aligned with the axis of the diaphysis. The aim of this paper is to quantify the relative effects on cortical bone anisotropic elasticity of porosity and other descriptors of the pore network micro-architecture associated with pore number, size and shape. The five stiffness constants of bone assumed to be a transversely isotropic material were measured with resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in 55 specimens from the femoral diaphysis of 29 donors. The pore network, imaged with synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography, was used to derive the pore descriptors and to build a homogenization model using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. The model was calibrated using experimental elasticity. A detailed analysis of the computed effective elasticity revealed in particular that porosity explains most of the variations of the five stiffness constants and that the effects of other micro-architectural features are small compared to usual experimental errors. We also have evidence that modelling the pore network as an ensemble of cylinders yields biased elasticity values compared to predictions based on the real micro-architecture. The FFT homogenization method is shown to be particularly efficient to model cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Cai
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Renald Brenner
- Institut Jean le Rond ∂’Alembert, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Peralta
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Olivier
- CREATIS, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Peyrin
- CREATIS, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR 5220 , INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Cassereau
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Quentin Grimal
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, 75006 Paris, France
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Muschter D, Beiderbeck AS, Späth T, Kirschneck C, Schröder A, Grässel S. Sensory Neuropeptides and their Receptors Participate in Mechano-Regulation of Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030503. [PMID: 30682804 PMCID: PMC6386869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze if the sensory neuropeptide SP (SP) and the neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) are involved in macrophage mechano-transduction, similar to chondrocytes, and if alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and the CGRP receptor (CRLR/Ramp1) show comparable activity. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages were subjected to a cyclic stretch for 1–3 days and 4 h/day. Loading and neuropeptide effects were analyzed for gene and protein expression of neuropeptides and their receptors, adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation and ROS activity. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were isolated after surgical osteoarthritis (OA) induction and proliferation, apoptosis and osteoclastogenesis were analyzed in response to loading. Loading induced NK1R and CRLR/Ramp1 gene expression and altered protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. SP protein and mRNA level decreased after loading whereas αCGRP mRNA expression was stabilized. SP reduced adhesion in loaded RAW264.7 macrophages and both neuropeptides initially increased the ROS activity followed by a time-dependent suppression. OA induction sensitized BMM to caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis after loading. Both sensory neuropeptides, SP and αCGRP, and their receptors are involved in murine macrophage mechano-transduction affecting neuropeptide impact on adhesion and ROS activity. OA induction altered BMM apoptosis in response to loading indicate that OA-associated biomechanical alterations might affect the macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna-Sophie Beiderbeck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tanja Späth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Toth Z, Roi M, Evans E, Watson JT, Nicolaou D, McBride-Gagyi S. Masquelet Technique: Effects of Spacer Material and Micro-topography on Factor Expression and Bone Regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:174-189. [PMID: 30259220 PMCID: PMC6318020 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We and others have shown that changing surface characteristics of the spacer implanted during the first Masquelet stage alters some aspects of membrane development. Previously we demonstrated that titanium (TI) spacers create membranes that are better barriers to movement of solutes > 70 kDa in size than polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) induced-membranes, and roughening creates more mechanically compliant membranes. However, it is unclear if these alterations affect the membrane's biochemical environment or bone regeneration during the second stage. Ten-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent an initial surgery to create an externally stabilized 6 mm femoral defect. PMMA or TI spacers with smooth (~ 1 μm) or roughened (~ 8 μm) surfaces were implanted. Four weeks later, rats were either euthanized for membrane harvest or underwent the second Masquelet surgery. TI spacers induced thicker membranes that were similar in structure and biochemical expression. All membranes were bilayered with the inner layer having increased factor expression [bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 6 (IL6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]. Roughening increased overall IL6 levels. Ten-weeks post-engraftment, PMMA-smooth induced membranes better supported bone regeneration (60% union). The other groups only had 1 or 2 that united (9-22%). There were no significant differences in any micro computed tomography or dynamic histology outcome. In conclusion, this study suggests that the membrane's important function in the Masquelet technique is not simply as a barrier. There is likely a critical biochemical, cellular, or vascular component as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharie Toth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Matt Roi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Emily Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - J Tracy Watson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daemeon Nicolaou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Sarah McBride-Gagyi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Schwitalla Hall M176, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Perrin E, Bou-Saïd B, Massi F. Numerical modeling of bone as a multiscale poroelastic material by the homogenization technique. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:373-382. [PMID: 30660050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a complex material showing a hierarchical and porous structure but also a natural ability to remodel thanks to cells sensitive to fluid flows. Based on these characteristics, a multiscale numerical model has been developed in order to represent the bone response under mechanical solicitation. It relies on the homogenization technique, simulating bone as a homogeneous structure having a porous microstructure saturated with bone fluid. The numerical modeling of the loading of a finite volume of bone enables the determination of an equivalent poroelastic stiffness. Focusing on two extreme fluid boundary conditions, the study of the corresponding structural response provides an overview of the fluid contribution to the poroelastic behavior, impacting the stiffness of the considered material. This parameter is either reduced (when the fluid can flow out of the structure) or increased (when the fluid is kept inside the structure) and quantified through this model. The presented poroelastic numerical model is here developed in the perspective of providing a bio-reliable model of bones, to determine the critical parameters that might impact bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Perrin
- LaMCoS, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR5259, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; DIMA, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | - Benyebka Bou-Saïd
- LaMCoS, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR5259, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4613. [PMID: 30397205 PMCID: PMC6218475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pro-inflammatory pathways leading to arthritis have global effects on the immune system rather than only acting locally in joints. The reason behind the regional and patchy distribution of arthritis represents a longstanding paradox. Here we show that biomechanical loading acts as a decisive factor in the transition from systemic autoimmunity to joint inflammation. Distribution of inflammation and erosive disease is confined to mechano-sensitive regions with a unique microanatomy. Curiously, this pathway relies on stromal cells but not adaptive immunity. Mechano-stimulation of mesenchymal cells induces CXCL1 and CCL2 for the recruitment of classical monocytes, which can differentiate into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Genetic ablation of CCL2 or pharmacologic targeting of its receptor CCR2 abates mechanically-induced exacerbation of arthritis, indicating that stress-induced chemokine release by mesenchymal cells and chemo-attraction of monocytes determines preferential homing of arthritis to certain hot spots. Thus, mechanical strain controls the site-specific localisation of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis.
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Baudequin T, Legallais C, Bedoui F. In Vitro Bone Cell Response to Tensile Mechanical Solicitations: Is There an Optimal Protocol? Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800358. [PMID: 30350925 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is strongly linked to external mechanical signals. Such stimuli are widely used in vitro for bone tissue engineering by applying mechanical solicitations to cell cultures so as to trigger specific cell responses. However, the literature highlights considerable variability in devices and protocols. Here the major biological, mechanical, and technical parameters implemented for in vitro tensile loading applications are reviewed. The objective is to identify which values are used most, and whether there is an optimal protocol to obtain a functional tissue-engineering construct. First, a shift that occurred from fundamental comprehension of bone formation, to its application in rebuilt tissues and clinical fields is shown. Despite the lack of standardized protocols, consensual conditions relevant for in vitro bone development, in particular cell differentiation, could be highlighted. Culture processes are guided by physiological considerations, although out-of-range conditions are sometimes used without implying negative results for the development of rebuilt tissue. Consensus can be found on several parameters, such as strain frequency (1 Hz) or the use of rest periods, but other points have not yet been fully established, especially synergies with other solicitations. It is believed that the present work will be useful to develop new tissue-engineering processes based on stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Baudequin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, UMR 7338 Biomécanique - Bioingénierie, Compiègne 60205, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, UMR 7338 Biomécanique - Bioingénierie, Compiègne 60205, France
| | - Fahmi Bedoui
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, UMR 7337 Laboratoire Roberval, Compiègne 60205, France
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Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Bone Regeneration in a Xenogeneic Rabbit Model: A Preclinical Study. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7089484. [PMID: 30123292 PMCID: PMC6079361 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7089484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant research efforts have been undertaken during the last decades to treat musculoskeletal disorders and improve patient's mobility and quality of life. The goal is the return of function as quickly and completely as possible. Cellular therapy has been increasingly employed in this setting. The design of this study was focused on cell-based alternatives. The present study aimed at investigating the bone regeneration capacity of xenogeneic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) implantation with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) granules in an immunocompetent rabbit model of critical-size bone defects at the femoral condyles. Two experimental groups, TCP and hMSC + TCP, were compared. Combination of TCP and hMSC did not affect cell viability or osteogenic differentiation. We also observed significantly higher bone regeneration in vivo in the hMSC + TCP group, which also displayed better TCP osteointegration. Also, evidence of hMSC contribution to a better TCP osteointegration was noticed. Finally, no inflammatory reaction was detected, besides the xenotransplantation of human cells into an immunocompetent recipient. In summary, hMSC combined with TCP granules is a potential combination for bone regeneration purposes that provides better preclinical results compared to TCP alone.
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Raaben M, Redzwan S, Augustine R, Blokhuis TJ. COMplex Fracture Orthopedic Rehabilitation (COMFORT) - Real-time visual biofeedback on weight bearing versus standard training methods in the treatment of proximal femur fractures in the elderly: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:220. [PMID: 29650034 PMCID: PMC5898035 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proximal femur fractures are a common injury after low energy trauma in the elderly. Most rehabilitation programs are based on restoring mobility and early resumption of weight-bearing. However, therapy compliance is low in patients following lower extremity fractures. Moreover, little is known about the relevance of gait parameters and how to steer the rehabilitation after proximal femur fractures in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this prospective, randomized controlled trial is to gain insight in gait parameters and evaluate if real-time visual biofeedback can improve therapy compliance after proximal femur fractures in the elderly. Methods This is a two-arm, parallel-design, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Inclusion criteria are age ≥ 60 years, a proximal femur fracture following low energy trauma, and unrestricted-weight bearing. Exclusion criteria are cognitive impairment and limited mobility before trauma. Participants are randomized into either the control group, which receives care as usual, or the intervention group, which receives real-time visual biofeedback about weight-bearing during gait in addition to care as usual. Spatiotemporal gait parameters will be measured in 94 participants per group during a 30-m walk with an ambulatory biofeedback system (SensiStep). The progress of rehabilitation will be evaluated by the primary outcome parameters maximum peak load and step duration in relation to the discharge date. Secondary outcome parameters include other spatiotemporal gait parameters in relation to discharge date. Furthermore, the gait parameters will be related to three validated clinical tests: Elderly Mobility Scale; Functional Ambulation Categories; and Visual Analogue Scale. The primary hypothesis is that participants in the intervention group will show improved and faster rehabilitation compared to the control group. Discussion The first aim of this multicenter trial is to investigate the normal gait patterns after proximal femur fractures in the elderly. The use of biofeedback systems during rehabilitation after proximal femur fractures in the elderly is promising; therefore, the second aim is to investigate the effect of real-time visual biofeedback on gait after proximal femur fractures in the elderly. This could lead to improved outcome. In addition, analysis of the population may indicate characteristics of subgroups that benefit from feedback, making a differentiated approach in rehabilitation strategy possible. Trial registration TrialRegister.nl, NTR6794. Registered on 31 October 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2612-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raaben
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Syaiful Redzwan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, SE751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taco Johan Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Strains in trussed spine interbody fusion implants are modulated by load and design. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 80:203-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Tian F, Wang Y, Bikle DD. IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific skeletal mechano-transduction. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:576-583. [PMID: 28980721 PMCID: PMC5839951 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading preserves bone mass and stimulates bone formation, whereas skeletal unloading leads to bone loss. In addition to osteocytes, which are considered the primary sensor of mechanical load, osteoblasts, and bone specific mesenchymal stem cells also are involved. The skeletal response to mechanical signals is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways including that of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Conditional osteocyte deletion of IGF-1 ablates the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Similarly, osteocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression is necessary for reloading-induced periosteal bone formation. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 in osteoblasts results in enhanced responsiveness to in vivo mechanical loading in mice, a response which is eliminated by osteoblastic conditional disruption of IGF-1 in vivo. Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) from unloaded bone fail to respond to IGF-1 in vitro. IGF-1R is required for the transduction of a mechanical stimulus to downstream effectors, transduction which is lost when the IGF-1R is deleted. Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, the IGF signaling pathway and its interactions with potentially interlinked signaling cascades involving integrins, the estrogen receptor, and wnt/β-catenin play an important role in regulating adaptive response of cancer bone cells to mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss recent advances investigating how IGF-1 and other interlinked molecules and signaling pathways regulate skeletal mechano-transduction involving different bone cells, providing an overview of the IGF-1 signaling mediated cell-specific response to mechanical stimuli. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:576-583, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Tian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California San Francisco and VA Medical Center, San Francisco,Corresponding author: 1700 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158, , Tel: 415-575-0557, FAX: 415-575-0593
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Li J, Li Y, Gao B, Qin C, He Y, Xu F, Yang H, Lin M. Engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophage and its biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:555-576. [PMID: 29334336 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most plastic cells in the hematopoietic system and can be widely found in almost all tissues. Recently studies have shown that mechanical cues (e.g., matrix stiffness and stress/strain) can significantly affect macrophage behaviors. Although existing reviews on the physical and mechanical cues that regulate the macrophage's phenotype are available, engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophages in vitro as well as a comprehensive overview and prospects for their biomedical applications (e.g., tissue engineering and immunotherapy) has yet to be summarized. Thus, this review provides an overview on the existing methods for engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophages in vitro and then a section on their biomedical applications and further perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,Key Laboratory on Space Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Macromolecular Science & Technology of Shanxi Province, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, P.R China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gao
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- Key Laboratory on Space Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Macromolecular Science & Technology of Shanxi Province, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, P.R China
| | - Yining He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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Raaben M, Holtslag HR, Leenen LPH, Augustine R, Blokhuis TJ. Real-time visual biofeedback during weight bearing improves therapy compliance in patients following lower extremity fractures. Gait Posture 2018; 59:206-210. [PMID: 29078134 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with lower extremity fractures are often instructed on how much weight to bear on the affected extremity. Previous studies have shown limited therapy compliance in weight bearing during rehabilitation. In this study we investigated the effect of real-time visual biofeedback on weight bearing in individuals with lower extremity fractures in two conditions: full weight bearing and touch-down weight bearing. METHODS 11 participants with full weight bearing and 12 participants with touch-down weight bearing after lower extremity fractures have been measured with an ambulatory biofeedback system. The participants first walked 15m and the biofeedback system was only used to register the weight bearing. The same protocol was then repeated with real-time visual feedback during weight bearing. The participants could thereby adapt their loading to the desired level and improve therapy compliance. RESULTS In participants with full weight bearing, real-time visual biofeedback resulted in a significant increase in loading from 50.9±7.51% bodyweight (BW) without feedback to 63.2±6.74%BW with feedback (P=0.0016). In participants with touch-down weight bearing, the exerted lower extremity load decreased from 16.7±9.77kg without feedback to 10.27±4.56kg with feedback (P=0.0718). More important, the variance between individual steps significantly decreased after feedback (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS Ambulatory monitoring weight bearing after lower extremity fractures showed that therapy compliance is low, both in full and touch-down weight bearing. Real-time visual biofeedback resulted in significantly higher peak loads in full weight bearing and increased accuracy of individual steps in touch-down weight bearing. Real-time visual biofeedback therefore results in improved therapy compliance after lower extremity fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raaben
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Herman R Holtslag
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsv 1, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gokmenoglu C, Ozmeric N, Sungur C, Sahin Bildik R, Erguder I, Elgun S. Nitric oxide and arginase levels in peri-implant tissues after delayed loading. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:207-211. [PMID: 29127889 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by NO synthase (NOS). Arginase can compete with NOS for the common substrate L-arginine, and thus inhibit NO production. NO levels and arginase ezyme might affect the bone remodeling cycle around implants. The aim of this studywas to investigate NO and arginase levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), and saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with one or more implants (Straumann®; Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) restored with fixed crown prostheses were included in the study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded from six sites of each tooth and implant at baseline and at months 1, 3, and 6 after loading. The saliva, GCF, and PISF were collected at baseline and at months 1, 3, and 6 after loading. NO level and arginase enzyme were evaluated in GCF, PISF, and saliva. RESULTS Arginase and NO levels in saliva did not change significantly from baseline to months 1, 3, and 6. However, both PISF NO and arginase levels showed an increased pattern from baseline to month 6. NO levels were significantly higher at months 3 and 6, compared to baseline, while PISF arginase levels increased significantly from baseline to months 3 and 6. CONCLUSION NO and arginase enzyme measurements in saliva, GCF, and PISF may be beneficial in the determination of current peri-implant tissues. In particular, PISF might provide more information than saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Gokmenoglu
- Ordu University Faculty of Dentistry Periodontology Department Bülent Ecevit Bulvarı, 52100 Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Nurdan Ozmeric
- Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry Periodontology Department Bişkek Caddesi, 84. Sokak 06510 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Caglar Sungur
- Sincan Oral and Dental Health Center, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Imge Erguder
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serenay Elgun
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Zou F, Li R, Jiang J, Mo X, Gu G, Guo Z, Chen Z. Mechanical enhancement and in vitro biocompatibility of nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:2255-2270. [PMID: 29034774 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1392672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The collagen-chitosan complex with a three-dimensional nanofiber structure was fabricated to mimic native ECM for tissue repair and biomedical applications. Though the three-dimensional hierarchical fibrous structures of collagen-chitosan composites could provide more adequate stimulus to facilitate cell adhesion, migrate and proliferation, and thus have the potential as tissue engineering scaffolding, there are still limitations in their applications due to the insufficient mechanical properties of natural materials. Because poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as biocompatible synthetic polymers can offer excellent mechanical properties, they were introduced into the collagen-chitosan composites to fabricate the mixed collagen/chitosan/PVA fibers and a sandwich structure (collagen/chitosan-TPU-collagen/chitosan) of nanofiber in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the nanofibrous collagen-chitosan scaffold. The results showed that the tensile behavior of materials was enhanced to different degrees with the difference of collagen content in the fibers. Besides the Young's modulus had no obvious changes, both the break strength and the break elongation of materials were heightened after reinforced by PVA. For the collagen-chitosan nanofiber reinforced by TPU, both the break strength and the Young's modulus of materials were heightened in different degrees with the variety of collagen content in the fibers despite the decrease of the break elongation of materials to some extent. In vitro cell test demonstrated that the materials could provide adequate environment for cell adhesion and proliferation. All these indicated that the reinforced collagen-chitosan nanofiber could be as potential scaffold for tissue engineering according to the different mechanical requirements in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Zou
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Runrun Li
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- b Department of Vascular Surgery , Qilu Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- c College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zonggang Chen
- a National Glycoengineering Research Center, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
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Kogawa M, Khalid KA, Wijenayaka AR, Ormsby RT, Evdokiou A, Anderson PH, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ. Recombinant sclerostin antagonizes effects of ex vivo mechanical loading in trabecular bone and increases osteocyte lacunar size. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C53-C61. [PMID: 28978523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin has emerged as an important regulator of bone mass. We have shown that sclerostin can act by targeting late osteoblasts/osteocytes to inhibit bone mineralization and to upregulate osteocyte expression of catabolic factors, resulting in osteocytic osteolysis. Here we sought to examine the effect of exogenous sclerostin on osteocytes in trabecular bone mechanically loaded ex vivo. Bovine trabecular bone cores, with bone marrow removed, were inserted into individual chambers and subjected to daily episodes of dynamic loading. Cores were perfused with either osteogenic media alone or media containing human recombinant sclerostin (rhSCL) (50 ng/ml). Loaded control bone increased in apparent stiffness over time compared with unloaded bone, and this was abrogated in the presence of rhSCL. Loaded bone showed an increase in calcein uptake as a surrogate of mineral accretion, compared with unloaded bone, in which this was substantially inhibited by rhSCL treatment. Sclerostin treatment induced a significant increase in the ionized calcium concentration in the perfusate and the release of β-CTX at several time points, an increased mean osteocyte lacunar size, indicative of osteocytic osteolysis, and the expression of catabolism-related genes. Human primary osteocyte-like cultures treated with rhSCL also released β-CTX from their matrix. These results suggest that osteocytes contribute directly to bone mineral accretion, and to the mechanical properties of bone. Moreover, it appears that sclerostin, acting on osteocytes, can negate this effect by modulating the dimensions of the lacunocanalicular porosity and the composition of the periosteocyte matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kogawa
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - K A Khalid
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - A R Wijenayaka
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - R T Ormsby
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - A Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Breast Cancer Research Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
| | - P H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - D M Findlay
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - G J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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Gavazzo P, Petecchia L, Facci P, Vassalli M, Viti F. Controlled single-cell cyclic compression and transcription analysis: A pilot study. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim BJ, Kwak MK, Ahn SH, Kim H, Lee SH, Song KH, Suh S, Kim JH, Koh JM. Lower Bone Mass and Higher Bone Resorption in Pheochromocytoma: Importance of Sympathetic Activity on Human Bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2711-2718. [PMID: 28582552 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the apparent biological importance of sympathetic activity on bone metabolism in rodents, its role in humans remains questionable. OBJECTIVE To clarify the link between the sympathetic nervous system and the skeleton in humans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Among 620 consecutive subjects with newly diagnosed adrenal incidentaloma, 31 patients with histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma (a catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumor) and 280 patients with nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma were defined as cases and controls, respectively. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, subjects with pheochromocytoma had 7.2% lower bone mass at the lumbar spine and 33.5% higher serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) than those without pheochromocytoma (P = 0.016 and 0.001, respectively), whereas there were no statistical differences between groups in bone mineral density (BMD) at the femur neck and total hip and in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) level. The odds ratio (OR) for lower BMD at the lumbar spine in the presence of pheochromocytoma was 3.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 8.56). However, the ORs for lower BMD at the femur neck and total hip did not differ according to the presence of pheochromocytoma. Serum CTX level decreased by 35.2% after adrenalectomy in patients with pheochromocytoma, whereas serum BSALP level did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS This study provides clinical evidence showing that sympathetic overstimulation in pheochromocytoma can contribute to adverse effects on human bone through the increase of bone loss (especially in trabecular bone), as well as bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kwak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Hyeonmok Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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The Microdamage and Expression of Sclerostin in Peri-implant Bone under One-time Shock Force Generated by Impact. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6508. [PMID: 28747741 PMCID: PMC5529451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegration is the key to implant stability and occlusal support. Biomechanical response and remodeling of peri-implant bone occurs under impact loading. Sclerostin participates in bone formation and resorption through Wnt and RANKL pathways. However the mechanism of microdamage and expression of sclerostin in peri-implant bone under impact load is still unclear. In present study, specific impact forces were applied to the implants with favorable osseointegration in rabbits. The microdamage of peri-implant bone and the expression of sclerostin, β-catenin and RANKL during the process of bone damage and remodeling were investigated by micro-CT, histology, immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analysis. Interface separation and trabecular fracture were found histologically, which were consistent with micro-CT analyses. Throughout remodeling, bone resorption was observed during the first 14 days after impact, and osseointegration and normal trabecular structure were found by 28 d. The expression of sclerostin and RANKL increased after impact and reached a maximum by 14 d, then decreased gradually to normal levels by 28 d. And β-catenin expression was opposite. Results indicated that sclerostin may involve in the peri-implant bone damage caused by impact and remodeling through Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL/RANK pathways. It will provide a new insight in the diagnosis and treatment for patients suffering impact.
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Silva ED, Babo PS, Costa-Almeida R, Domingues RMA, Mendes BB, Paz E, Freitas P, Rodrigues MT, Granja PL, Gomes ME. Multifunctional magnetic-responsive hydrogels to engineer tendon-to-bone interface. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2375-2385. [PMID: 28614734 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photocrosslinkable magnetic hydrogels are attracting great interest for tissue engineering strategies due to their versatility and multifunctionality, including their remote controllability ex vivo, thus enabling engineering complex tissue interfaces. This study reports the development of a photocrosslinkable magnetic responsive hydrogel made of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MA-CS) enriched with platelet lysate (PL) with tunable features, envisioning their application in tendon-to-bone interface. MA-CS coated iron-based magnetic nanoparticles were incorporated to provide magnetic responsiveness to the hydrogel. Osteogenically differentiated adipose-derived stem cells and/or tendon-derived cells were encapsulated within the hydrogel, proliferating and expressing bone- and tendon-related markers. External magnetic field (EMF) application modulated the swelling, degradation and release of PL-derived growth factors, and impacted both cell morphology and the expression and synthesis of tendon- and bone-like matrix with a more evident effect in co-cultures. Overall, the developed magnetic responsive hydrogel represents a potential cell carrier system for interfacial tissue engineering with EMF-controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa D Silva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa-Almeida
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M A Domingues
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara B Mendes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elvira Paz
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro L Granja
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Wang D, Wang H, Gao F, Wang K, Dong F. ClC-3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cell After Dynamic Compression. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1606-1613. [PMID: 27922190 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ClC-3 chloride channel has been proved to have a relationship with the expression of osteogenic markers during osteogenesis, persistent static compression can upregulate the expression of ClC-3 and regulate osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts. However, there was no study about the relationship between the expression of ClC-3 and osteodifferentiation after dynamic compression. In this study, we applied dynamic compression on MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the expression of ClC-3, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteopontin (OPN), nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in biopress system, then we investigated the expression of these genes after dynamic compression with Chlorotoxin (specific ClC-3 chloride channel inhibitor) added. Under transmission electron microscopy, there were more cell surface protrusions, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, abundant glycogen, and lysosomes scattered in the cytoplasm in MC3T3-E1 cells after dynamic compression. The nucleolus was more obvious. We found that ClC-3 was significantly up-regulated after dynamic compression. The compressive force also up-regulated Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression for 2, 4 and 8 h. The proliferation gene Ki67 and PCNA did not show significantly change after dynamic compression for 8 h. Chlorotoxin did not change the expression of ClC-3 but reduced the expression of Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression compared with the group without Cltx added. The data from the current study suggested that ClC-3 may promotes osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cell after dynamic compression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1606-1613, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
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Daish C, Blanchard R, Gulati K, Losic D, Findlay D, Harvie DJE, Pivonka P. Estimation of anisotropic permeability in trabecular bone based on microCT imaging and pore-scale fluid dynamics simulations. Bone Rep 2016; 6:129-139. [PMID: 28462361 PMCID: PMC5408131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive framework is proposed to estimate the anisotropic permeability matrix in trabecular bone specimens based on micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging combined with pore-scale fluid dynamics simulations. Two essential steps in the proposed methodology are the selection of (i) a representative volume element (RVE) for calculation of trabecular bone permeability and (ii) a converged mesh for accurate calculation of pore fluid flow properties. Accurate estimates of trabecular bone porosities are obtained using a microCT image resolution of approximately 10 μm. We show that a trabecular bone RVE in the order of 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 is most suitable. Mesh convergence studies show that accurate fluid flow properties are obtained for a mesh size above 125,000 elements. Volume averaging of the pore-scale fluid flow properties allows calculation of the apparent permeability matrix of trabecular bone specimens. For the four specimens chosen, our numerical results show that the so obtained permeability coefficients are in excellent agreement with previously reported experimental data for both human and bovine trabecular bone samples. We also identified that bone samples taken from long bones generally exhibit a larger permeability in the longitudinal direction. The fact that all coefficients of the permeability matrix were different from zero indicates that bone samples are generally not harvested in the principal flow directions. The full permeability matrix was diagonalized by calculating the eigenvalues, while the eigenvectors showed how strongly the bone sample's orientations deviated from the principal flow directions. Porosity values of the four bone specimens range from 0.83 to 0.86, with a low standard deviation of ± 0.016, principal permeability values range from 0.22 to 1.45 ⋅ 10 -8 m2, with a high standard deviation of ± 0.33. Also, the anisotropic ratio ranged from 0.27 to 0.83, with high standard deviation. These results indicate that while the four specimens are quite similar in terms of average porosity, large variability exists with respect to permeability and specimen anisotropy. The utilized computational approach compares well with semi-analytical models based on homogenization theory. This methodology can be applied in bone tissue engineering applications for generating accurate pore morphologies of bone replacement materials and to consistently select similar bone specimens in bone bioreactor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Daish
- Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3000, Australia.,St Vincent's Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - R Blanchard
- St Vincent's Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - K Gulati
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - D Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - D Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - D J E Harvie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - P Pivonka
- St Vincent's Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, VIC 3021, Australia
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50
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Andrade I, Silva T, Silva G, Teixeira A, Teixeira M. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 1 in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2016; 86:1089-94. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is dependent on osteoclast activity. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays an important role, directly or via chemokine release, in osteoclast recruitment and activation. This study aimed to investigate whether the TNF receptor type 1 (p55) influences these events and, consequently, orthodontic tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed in wild-type mice (WT) and p55-deficient mice (p55−/−). Levels of TNF-α and 2 chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5) were evaluated in periodontal tissues. A significant increase in CCL2 and TNF-α was observed in both groups after 12 hrs of mechanical loading. However, CCL5 levels remained unchanged in p55−/− mice at this time-point. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts in p55−/− mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. Also, there was a significantly smaller rate of tooth movement in p55−/− mice. Analysis of our data suggests that the TNFR-1 plays a significant role in orthodontic tooth movement that might be associated with changes in CCL5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Andrade
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - T.A. Silva
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - G.A.B. Silva
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - A.L. Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
| | - M.M. Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais -PUC-Minas-, Faculty of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Dentistry, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculty of Medicine, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil; and
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil
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