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Moreno KGT, Marques AAM, da Silva GP, Bertoncelo LA, Pessoal LB, Gonçalves LD, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardioprotective Effects of Aloysia polystachya Essential Oil on a Rat Model with Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 38631368 DOI: 10.1055/a-2294-6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Traditional medicine is a frequently utilized method to treat cardiovascular disease and its primary risk factors, including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Aloysia polystachya is a species that is commonly employed to treat various pathological conditions, and it has already been identified as having some cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of A. polystachya in a rat model that simulates multiple cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluate the acute toxicity, as well as the cardioprotective effects, by giving different doses of A. polystachya essential oil (1.47 mg/kg, 4.40 mg/kg, and 13.20 mg/kg) over a period of 42 days. The control group was treated with rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg). At the end of the treatments, the renal function, electrocardiography, blood pressure, vascular reactivity, serum biochemical profile, and organ histopathology were evaluated. The main compounds identified in the essential oil of A. polystachya using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were beta-myrcene (1.08%), limonene (40.13%), and carvone (56.47%). The essential oil of A. polystachya not only lacks acute toxicity but also mitigates the reduction in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and creatinine in urine. Furthermore, it reduces electrocardiographic abnormalities and decreases blood pressure levels. Moreover, this treatment prevents an elevation in markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the bloodstream. Our findings indicate significant cardioprotective effects of the essential oil of A. polystachya against multiple risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Luana Ale Bertoncelo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Luciane Barbosa Pessoal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Dantas Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LAPNEM), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Moreno KGT, de Almeida TL, Marques AAM, Donadel G, Lourenço ELB, de Almeida DAT, Gasparotto A. Evidence of the Cardioprotective Effects of Aloysia polystachya in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:36-39. [PMID: 36637440 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloysia polystachya is a plant species that is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of different disorders that affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of an ethanol-soluble fraction of A. polystachya (ESAP) on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Different groups of rats (n = 8) were orally treated with ESAP (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), carvedilol (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (filtered water; 1 mL/100 g) for 7 days. Naive rats received no treatment. On the morning of day 6, acute myocardial infarction was induced by the acute oral administration of isoproterenol (100 mg/kg). On the morning of day 8, all rats underwent electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography. Blood samples were then collected, and serum levels of creatine kinase-MB fraction (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTNT) were quantified. ESAP significantly reduced electrocardiographic changes, improved the ventricular ejection fraction, and reduced serum levels of CK-MB and cTNT in infarcted rats. The cardioprotective effects of ESAP could be exploited as an effective tool against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lima de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ayr Tavares de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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Garg P, Alambayan J, Garg V. Herbal Approaches in the Management of Mental Depression. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:98-124. [PMID: 35088681 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220128091408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human's existence has become more stressful these days, most likely for the sake of improving one's lifestyle and fulfilling one's aspirations and needs. Depression is the most frequent neurological disorder, which affects millions of individuals worldwide. In clinical research, depression is the second most frequent chronic disease. A variety of herbal medications thought to have antidepressant-like effects have been reported in ancient pharmacopoeias from around the world. These provide several prospective chemicals that could be developed into modern mental medications while also causing no noticeable negative effects. OBJECTIVE The review is written to provide herbal treatment and comprehensive information about depression. METHODS Plants and plant formulations that were found effective in the treatment of depression are thoroughly reviewed. The antidepressant efficacies of medicinal plants, as well as their dosages, are investigated using experimental models. The review article contains 140 plants possessing antidepressant properties, 11 commercial formulations, and 25 active/isolated ingredients, as well as their chemical structure, which have been thoroughly reviewed with antidepressant activity after studying 283 references. RESULTS Literature revealed that a variety of medicinal plants are effective for the treatment of depression such as Hypericum perforatum, Catha edulis, Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma longa, Ferula foetida, Rhodio larosea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Crocus sativus, Ocimumba silicum and Embelica officinalis. CONCLUSION Potential compounds isolated from medicinal plants for the treatment of depressive disorders need to be established and herbal plant research could aid in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garg
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Alambayan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Vandana Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D.U, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Taboada T, Alvarenga NL, Galeano AK, Arrúa WJ, Campuzano-Bublitz MA, Kennedy ML. In Vivo Antidepressant-Like Effect Assessment of Two Aloysia Species in Mice and LCMS Chemical Characterization of Ethanol Extract. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227828. [PMID: 36431928 PMCID: PMC9693556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants belonging to the Verbenaceae family demonstrated antidepressant effects in preclinical studies. Depression is one of the largest contributors to the global health burden of all countries. Plants from the Aloysia genus are traditionally used for affective disorders, and some of them have proven anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the ethanolic extract of Aloysia gratissima var. gratissima (Agg) and Aloysia virgata var. platyphylla (Avp) in mice. A tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted after three doses in a period of 24 h and after 7 days of treatment. Imipramine was used as an antidepressant drug. The main results demonstrated that Agg extract reduced the immobility time in mice treated orally for 7 consecutive days when compared to the control group (reduced by about 77%, imipramine 70%). Animals treated with three doses of Avp in a 24-h period had reduced immobility time in the FST (60%), and after 7 days of treatment the reduction was greater (Avp 50, 100, and 200 about 85%; Avp 400, 96.5%; p < 0.0001, imipramine, 77%). LCMS analysis showed the presence of verbascoside, hoffmaniaketone, and hoffmaniaketone acetate in both, A. virgata var. platyphylla and A. gratissima var gratissima. The flavonoids nepetin and 6-hydroxyluteolin were also found in Agg. Both tested extracts demonstrated promising antidepressant-like activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Taboada
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
| | - Nelson L. Alvarenga
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
| | - Antonia K. Galeano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
| | - Wilfrido J. Arrúa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
| | - Miguel A. Campuzano-Bublitz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
| | - María L. Kennedy
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Una, San Lorenzo 2169, Paraguay
- Correspondence: or
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Puri V, Kanojia N, Sharma A, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sangnim T. Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011740. [PMID: 36419628 PMCID: PMC9676372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chon Buri, Thailand
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Arora D, Gautam RK. Natural Products: Ray of Hope for Anxiety Disorders. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211202113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Anxiety, a familiar form of psychiatric disorder, influences numerous persons throughout the world. These psychological disorders frequently need an enduring regime of recommended medicines and impose huge costs on human societies. For the last few decenniums, discovery in the field of natural neurophysiology garnered a lot of recognition because of its least side effects.
Objective:
Many people find it helpful to discover an effective herbal remedy for anxiety with fewer detrimental repercussions. The purpose of the present article is to report medicinal plant species used as anti-anxiety agents, which in turn, are helpful to develop new anti-anxiety herbal formulations.
Method:
An unlimited, semantic electronic and manual exploration of PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI, Google Scholar, Elsevier's abstract and citation database, and the database libraries was carried using keywords such as medicinal plants, herbal drugs, traditional medicine, and anxiety for recognizing natural medications in the management of anxiety disorders.
Results:
Literary review collected the information of potential anti-anxiety plants. Data support the effectiveness of some popular herbal remedies by indicating high-quality scientific studies and support several clinically efficacious natural plants as anxiolytics.
Conclusion:
Evidence-based studies indicate that natural plant treatment is an efficient way to manage anxiety disorders; the benefits outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Arora
- Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy, Kala amb, Distt. Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rupesh K. Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala, India
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Moragrega I, Ríos JL. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:656-685. [PMID: 33434941 DOI: 10.1055/a-1338-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their extracts are natural remedies with enormous potential for treating various diseases, including depression and anxiety. In the case of depression, hundreds of plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine for generations. Different plant extracts and natural products have been analyzed as potential antidepressant agents with validated models to test for antidepressant-like effects in animals, although other complementary studies have also been employed. Most of these studies focus on the possible mediators implicated in these potential effects, with dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline being the principal neurotransmitters implicated, both through interference with receptors and with their metabolism by monoamino oxidases, as well as through neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. There are approximately 650 reports of antidepressant-like medicinal plants in PubMed; 155 of them have been compiled in this review, with a relevant group yielding positive results. Saffron and turmeric are the most relevant species studied in both preclinical and clinical studies; St. John's wort or kava have also been tested extensively. To the best of our knowledge, no review to date has provided a comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms of action of these herbs or of whether their potential effects could have real benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an update regarding medicinal plants from the year 2000 to the present to examine the therapeutic potential of these antidepressant-like plants in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic methods to alleviate the tremendous burden that depression causes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moragrega
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de València
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València
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de Abreu MS, Costa F, Giacomini ACVV, Demin KA, Petersen EV, Rosemberg DB, Kalueff AV. Exploring CNS effects of American traditional medicines using zebrafish models. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:550-559. [PMID: 34254921 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210712153329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although American traditional medicine (ATM) has been practiced for millennia, its complex multi-target mechanisms of therapeutic action remain poorly understood. Animal models are widely used to elucidate the therapeutic effects of various ATMs, including their modulation of brain and behavior. Complementing rodent models, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising novel organism in translational neuroscience and neuropharmacology research. Here, we emphasize the growing value of zebrafish for testing neurotropic effects of ATMs and outline future directions of research in this field. We also demonstrate the developing utility of zebrafish as complementary models for probing CNS mechanisms of ATM action and their potential to treat brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fabiano Costa
- Toxicological Biochemistry, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana C V V Giacomini
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena V Petersen
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, United States
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Marques AAM, Lorençone BR, Romão PVM, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Moreno KGT, Tirloni CAS, Dos Santos AC, Souza RIC, Klider LM, Lourenço ELB, Tolouei SEL, Budel JM, Khan SI, Silva DB, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnopharmacological investigation of the cardiovascular effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114077. [PMID: 33789140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia polystachya (Griseb) Moldenke (Verbenaceae), popularly known as "burrito", is a South American species widely prescribed by local Brazilian healers for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects are still unknown. AIM To evaluate the role of the ethanol-soluble fraction of A. polystachya leaves (ESAP) against hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), as well as its safety, morphoanatomical and phytochemical aspects. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the leaves and stems of A. polystachya were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide anatomical data for quality control. Then, ESAP was obtained and its chemical profile was analyzed by LC-DAD-MS. In addition, the cytotoxic and acute toxicity potential of ESAP were evaluated in six cell lines and in female Wistar rats, respectively. Next, female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) received ESAP (30, 100, 300 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 28 days. Weekly kidney function was monitored by analyzing urinary parameters. At the end of the 28-day treatment, the electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, and renal and mesenteric vascular reactivity were evaluated. Relative organ (heart, kidney, and liver) weights and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Finally, the heart, kidneys, and aorta were collected for determination of the tissue redox state, cardiac morphometry, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS The chemical profile of ESAP was composed by organic acids, a nucleoside, methoxylated flavones and glycosylated compounds including phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, iridoids and monoterpenes. No signs of toxicity were observed in all cell's lines nor in female Wistar rats submitted to this trial. All SHRs from the negative control group presented a reduction in renal function, alterations in the renal and mesenteric vascular reactivity, and electrocardiographic and morphometric changes typical of ventricular hypertrophy. Oral prolonged ESAP-administration in SHRs was able to reverse renal, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes induced by hypertension. Moreover, ESAP-treatment was able to modulate the vascular and renal arterial reactivity and tissue redox state. The aforementioned data were accompanied by reduction of cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION In this study, we present important anatomical and phytochemical data that contributed to the correct identification and quality control of A. polystachya. In addition, we have shown that ESAP is safe after acute administration and present significant cardioprotective effects (at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses) in SHRs after prolonged treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Rosa Lorençone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Moreira Romão
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lislaine Maria Klider
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Mohammadhosseini M, Frezza C, Venditti A, Mahdavi B. An overview of the genus Aloysia Paláu (Verbenaceae): Essential oil composition, ethnobotany and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5091-5107. [PMID: 33843369 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1907576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aloysia Paláu is an important herbal genus from the Verbenaceae family and possesses numerous remedial properties in the folk medicine of Asian, European, and, in particular, South American countries. Only a few reports have discussed some phytochemical characteristics associated with Aloysia species. Right the lack of an exhaustive report prompted us to organize this review article. Accordingly, besides the ethnobotanical knowledge of Aloysia species, their essential oil profiles, phytochemistry of the polar isolated fractions, and the relevant biological activities are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohammadhosseini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Claudio Frezza
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Behnam Mahdavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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Moller AC, Parra C, Said B, Werner E, Flores S, Villena J, Russo A, Caro N, Montenegro I, Madrid A. Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Essential Oil and Main Components from Leaves of Aloysia polystachya Harvested in Central Chile. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010131. [PMID: 33396666 PMCID: PMC7795351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine, first, the chemical composition of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb) Moldenke essential oil, from leaves harvested in central Chile; and second, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Eight compounds were identified via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses, with the most representative being R-carvone (91.03%), R-limonene (4.10%), and dihydrocarvone (1.07%). For Aloysia polystachya essential oil, antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H2O2, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP)) showed good antioxidant activity compared to commercial antioxidant controls; and anti-proliferative assays against three human cancer cell lines (colon, HT-29; prostate, PC-3; and breast, MCF-7) determined an IC50 of 5.85, 6.74, and 9.53 µg/mL, and selectivity indices of 4.75, 4.12, and 2.92 for HT-29, PC-3, and MCF-7, respectively. We also report on assays with CCD 841 CoN (colon epithelial). Overall, results from this study may represent, in the near future, developments for natural-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Catalina Moller
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Carol Parra
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Alimentos (LINA), Departamento Disciplinario de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso CP 2340000, Chile;
| | - Bastian Said
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. Santa María 6400, Vitacura, Santiago 7630000, Chile;
| | - Enrique Werner
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Campus Fernando May, Universidad del Bío-Bío. Avda. Andrés Bello 720, casilla 447, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Susana Flores
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile;
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nelson Caro
- Centro de Investigación Australbiotech, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avda. Ejército 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +56-032-250-0526 (A.M.)
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +56-032-250-0526 (A.M.)
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Carmona F, Coneglian FS, Batista PA, Aragon DC, Angelucci MA, Martinez EZ, Pereira AMS. Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) powdered leaves are effective in treating anxiety symptoms: A phase-2, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112060. [PMID: 31279865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) is a plant traditionally used as medicine for anxiety symptoms. This activity was confirmed in preclinical studies. However, its efficacy was never studied in human clinical trials. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to test the hypothesis that the herbal medicine of A. polystachya is superior to placebo for the treatment of anxiety-related symptoms in adults after 8 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase-2 clinical trial. Fifty-four adults with self-reported anxiety symptoms were randomly allocated to receive either capsules containing A. polystachya powdered leaves (300 mg, twice a day) or placebo (maltodextrin), for 8 weeks. The intensity of anxiety symptoms was assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Ranking Scale (HAM-A) at baseline and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. All analyses were adjusted for physical activity (assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ], short version) and gender. RESULTS We confirmed the presence of acteoside (chromatographic analysis) and carvone and limonene (gas chromatography) as major constituents in our plant material. Only patients that received A. polystachya experienced a significant decrease in their HAM-A scores, with none or mild side-effects. CONCLUSION Administration of powdered leaves of A. polystachya, rich in acteoside, carvone and limonene, to adults with anxiety symptoms was significantly superior to placebo in decreasing HAM-A scores after 8 weeks. This finding confirms the ethnopharmacological use of this plant for anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carmona
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Saraiva Coneglian
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Batista
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Davi Casale Aragon
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mateus Andrea Angelucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Soares Machado M, Palma A, Panelo LC, Paz LA, Rosa F, Lira MC, Azurmendi P, Rubio MF, Lenz G, Urtreger AJ, Costas MA. Extract from Aloysia polystachya Induces the Cell Death of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1004-1017. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1669676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mileni Soares Machado
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Palma
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura C. Panelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo A. Paz
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Rosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Lira
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Azurmendi
- Laboratorio de Riñón Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Rubio
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departmento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alejandro J. Urtreger
- Instituto de Oncología “Ángel H Roffo”, Área Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica A. Costas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, IDIM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Costa de Melo N, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Dos Santos Sampaio TI, Matias Pereira AC, Pinheiro da Silva Neto FL, Ribeiro da Silva H, Alves Soares Cruz R, Keita H, Soares Pereira AM, Tavares Carvalho JC. Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract from the Leaves of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke: A Study on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030106. [PMID: 31373315 PMCID: PMC6789669 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants such as Aloysia polystachya are often used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, including anxiety- and depression-related humor disturbances. In folk medicine, A. polystachya is used to treat digestive and respiratory tract disturbances, as a sedative and antidepressant agent, and as a tonic for the nerves. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effect from the hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Aloysia polystachya (HELAp) in zebrafish. The extract was analyzed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS) and the main compound detected was acteoside. HELAp was administered orally (10 mg/kg) and through immersion (mg/L). The anxiolytic activity was evaluated through the scototaxis (light–dark) test using caffeine as an anxiogenic agent and buspirone as a positive control. The parameters assessed were: period spent in the white compartment (s), latency (s), alternations (n), erratic swims (n), period of freezing (s), thigmotaxis (s), and risk evaluation (n). The antidepressant effect was evaluated through the novel tank diving test using 1% ethanol, unpredictable chronic stress, and social isolation as depressors; fluoxetine was used as a positive control. The parameters assessed were: period spent at the top of the tank, latency, quadrants crossed, erratic swim, period of freezing, and distance of swam. The main chemical compound of HELAp was acteoside. The administration of the extract on zebrafish managed to revert the anxiogenic effect of caffeine without impairing their locomotion. Additionally, the treatment exerted antidepressant activity similarly to fluoxetine. Overall, the results suggest a significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity to the extract, which is probably due to the presence of the major compound, acteoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Costa de Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez-Ortiz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Tafnis Ingret Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Arlindo César Matias Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Fernando Luiz Pinheiro da Silva Neto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Heitor Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Alves Soares Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil
| | - Hady Keita
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, Division de Pós-Grado, Instituto de Investigación Sobre la Salud Pública, Ciudad Universitaria, Oaxaca, C.P. 70800, México
| | - Ana Maria Soares Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14096-900, Brasil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil.
- Rede Bionorte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, CEP 68.903-419, Brasil.
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Fedotova J, Zarembo D, Dragasek J, Caprnda M, Kruzliak P, Dudnichenko T. Modulating Effects of Cholecalciferol Treatment on Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior of Adult Female Rats. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2019; 59:139-158. [PMID: 28704190 DOI: 10.1515/folmed-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D can be one of the candidate substances that are used as additional supplementation in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders in women with estrogen imbalance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day, s.c.) on the anxiety-like behavior and monoamines levels in the rat hippocampus following ovariectomy in female rats. Cholecalciferol was given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5 μg/rat, s.c.). The anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light-dark tests (LDT), locomotor and grooming activities were assessed in the open-field test (OFT). RESULTS Cholecalciferol in high doses alone or in combination with 17β-E2-induced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX and OVX rats treated with 17β-E2 as evidenced in the EPM and LDT tests, and increased grooming activity in the OFT test. We found that DA and 5-HT levels increased while 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus decreased in these groups of OVX rats. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that cholecalciferol in high doses has a marked anxiolytic-like effect due to an increase in the monoamines levels in the experimental rat model of estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia,Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry,
Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia,International Research Centre «Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium», ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Zarembo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Institute of Technology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- First Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tatyana Dudnichenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after S.N. Davydov, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University,
St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wang TX, Wu YE, Xu W, Gong WK, Ni J, Qu WM, Huang ZL. The anxiolytic effects of Bai Le Mian capsule, a traditional Chinese hypnotic in mice. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-018-00199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rabiei Z, Setorki M. Effect of ethanol Adiantum capillus-veneris extract in experimental models of anxiety and depression. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000118099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Martins J, S B. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of anti-depressant medicinal plants: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:343-365. [PMID: 29778018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress renders an individual to experience mental pressure and exhaustion which brings about feelings of anxiety, depression, anger and/or other negative emotions. Depression affects a person's state of mind, behaviour, health and is often associated with suicide. The use of anti-depressant drugs as therapeutic agents is associated with symptoms such as, delayed onset of action, side-effects, drug-drug and dietary interactions, sexual dysfunction, cardiac toxicity, etc. Thus, there is need to target these issues and improve current treatment options. Medicinal plants have long been used in discovering novel treatment strategies and compounds with promising roles in treating various disease conditions. There has been an increase, worldwide, in the use of medicinal plants and herbs for developing nutraceuticals for treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. Medicinal plants in their natural forms are valuable as they are rich in various phytochemical compounds. These phytochemical compounds have pharmacological roles in treating various diseases conditions; apart from being widely available in nature and commercially beneficial. The phytochemical compounds in plants are constantly being explored through various experimental studies to determine the molecular basis of how medicinal plants work in relation to drugs and diseases and to develop neutraceuticals for improving conditions. This review summarizes 110 medicinal plants and their phytochemical constituents that have been shown to possess anti-depressant activity. This review also highlights the various mechanisms of anti-depressant action of some of these plants and their plant parts like roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruit or whole plant; phytochemical compounds showing anti-depressant activity such flavanoids, steroids, saponins, sugars, lectins, alkaloids, etc.; and various anti-depressant screening models used such as tail suspension test, forced swim test, chronic unpredictable stress test, sucrose preference test, monoamine oxidase inhibition assay, learned helplessness test, open field test, hole board test, etc. However, mechanistic evaluation of many of these plants still needs to be investigated and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Martins
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
| | - Brijesh S
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, 3rd Floor, Bhaidas Sabhagriha Building, Bhaktivedanta Swami Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Montes GC, da Silva BNM, Rezende B, Sudo RT, Ferreira VF, de Carvalho da Silva F, da Cunha Pinto A, da Silva BV, Zapata-Sudo G. The Hypnotic, Anxiolytic, and Antinociceptive Profile of a Novel µ-Opioid Agonist. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050800. [PMID: 28509855 PMCID: PMC6154531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-4-Alkyl/aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives PILAB 1-12 were synthesized and a pharmacological screening of these derivatives was performed to identify a possible effect on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and to explore the associated mechanisms of action. The mice received a peritoneal injection (100 µmol/kg) of each of the 12 PILAB derivatives 10 min prior to the injection of pentobarbital and the mean hypnosis times were recorded. The mean hypnosis time increased for the mice treated with PILAB 8, which was prevented when mice were administered CTOP, a µ-opioid antagonist. Locomotor and motor activities were not affected by PILAB 8. The anxiolytic effect of PILAB 8 was evaluated next in an elevated-plus maze apparatus. PILAB 8 and midazolam increased a percentage of entries and spent time in the open arms of the apparatus compared with the control group. Conversely, a decrease in the percentages of entries and time spent in the closed arms were observed. Pretreatment with naloxone, a non-specific opioid antagonist, prior to administration of PILAB 8 exhibited a reverted anxiolytic effect. PILAB 8 exhibited antinociceptive activity in the hot plate test, and reduced reactivity to formalin in the neurogenic and the inflammatory phases. These data suggest that PILAB 8 can activate µ-opioid receptors to provoke antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carneiro Montes
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | | | - Bismarck Rezende
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Takashi Sudo
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-971, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Angelo da Cunha Pinto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-971, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-971, Brazil.
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FOGLIARINI CARINEO, GARLET QUELENI, PARODI THAYLISEV, BECKER ALEXSSANDROG, GARCIA LUCIANOO, HEINZMANN BERTAM, PEREIRA ANAMARIAS, BALDISSEROTTO BERNARDO. Anesthesia of Epinephelus marginatus with essential oil of Aloysia polystachya: an approach on blood parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:445-456. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fedotova J, Pivina S, Sushko A. Effects of Chronic Vitamin D₃ Hormone Administration on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Female Rats after Long-Term Ovariectomy. Nutrients 2017; 9:E28. [PMID: 28054941 PMCID: PMC5295072 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present preclinical study was created to determine the therapeutic effects of vitamin D hormone treatment as an adjunctive therapy alone or in a combination with low dose of 17β-estradiol (17β-E₂) on anxiety-like behavior in female rats with long-term absence of estrogen. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, SC, once daily, for 14 days) on the anxiety-like state after long-term ovariectomy in female rats. Twelve weeks postovariectomy, cholecalciferol was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-E₂ (0.5 µg/rat SC, once daily, for 14 days). Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light/dark test (LDT), and locomotor and grooming activities were tested in the open field test (OFT). Cholecalciferol at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg alone or in combination with 17β-E₂ produced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX rats as evidenced in the EPM and the LDT, as well as increased grooming activity in the OFT. Our results indicate that cholecalciferol, at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, has a profound anxiolytic-like effects in the experimental rat model of long-term estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Tores pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia.
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova str., Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Pivina
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Sushko
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
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Hellión-Ibarrola MC, Montalbetti Y, Heinichen OY, Kennedy ML, Campuzano MA, Alvarenga N, Ibarrola DA. Antidepressant-like effect of Kyllinga brevifolia rhizomes in male mice and chemical characterization of the components of the active ethyl acetate fraction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:1005-1011. [PMID: 27816658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyllinga brevifolia rhizomes (Cyperaceae) are used in Paraguayan traditional medicine as a refreshing beverage, and is claimed to own digestive, diuretic, sedative, tonic, antispasmodic and sudorific properties. We have previously reported that its hydro- ethanolic rhizome extract possess sedative, anxiolytic and anti-aggressive-like effects in mice. However, information on its potential for treatment of syndromes associated with mood disorders is scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to characterize the putative antidepressant-like effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract (CEKb) and the ethyl acetate fraction (KbF-ethyl-ac) obtained from the rhizome of K. brevifolia (Rottb) on male mice exposed to forced swimming test. Also, chemical characterization of the components of the active ethyl acetate fraction was described. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant-like effects of CEKb and KbF-ethyl-ac were measured using the forced swimming test (FST) performance of male mice in single (acute), short-term and chronic modalities. Treatments in all modalities were made 1h before swimming test. The KbF-ethyl-ac was analyzed by LC-DAD-ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS in order to identify the active components. RESULTS A single doses (1.0, 10.0 and 100.0mg/kg, p.o; p<0.05) of CEKb, in male mice provoked a significant reduction of the immobility time. Such effect was also observed with oral short-term treatment (7 days) with doses of 10.0 and 100.0mg/kg/day (p<0.05) of CEKb. Moreover, in the treatments during 14 days with doses of 1.0 (p<0.05), 10.0 (p<0.05), and 100.0 (p<0.001) mg/kg, p.o, of CEKb, a statistically significant reduction of the immobility time were induced. Additionally, in a different set of experiments acute dose of 1.0 (p<0.05) and 10.0 (p<0.01) mg/kg, p.o, of KbF-ethyl-ac in male mice, a significant reduction of the immobility time were provoked. Likewise, short-term treatment (7 days) with 1.0, and 10.0mg/kg (p<0.05); and after 14 days of treatment with 0.01 (p<0.01) 0.1 (p<0.001), 1.0 (p<0.001), and 10.0 (p<0.05) mg/kg of KbF-ethyl-ac in male mice, a statistically significant reduction of the immobility time, were observed. Imipramine 32mg/kg/days, i.p, induced a statistically significant reduction of immobility time and was used as positive control to validate the method employed. Moreover, it was noted important differences in the onset of the antidepressant-like effect in the FST, depending on the modality of treatment with CEKb or KbF-ethyl-ac (acute, short-term or chronic). Both, efficacy and potency were higher when repeated administration of CEKb was used, and surprisingly the efficacy of 1.0mg/kg of KbF-ethyl-ac (14 days) was similar to imipramine. The main constituents of the KbF-ethyl-ac were identified as catechins and their dimers by LC-DAD-ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS, according to their UV and MS spectra, as compared with the literature data. These results indicate an important antidepressant-like profile of action for the CEKb and KbF-ethyl-ac; and meanwhile, this effect may partially reside on catechins and their dimers isolated from the KbF-ethyl-ac. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that K. brevifolia exerts antidepressant -like effects in mice and suggest its potential usefulness for the treatment of depression in humans and encourage us to pursue the isolation of the molecules associated to the effect observed in CEKb and KbF-ethyl-ac, and to determine the mechanism of antidepressant-like effect of Kyllinga brevifolia using adequate complementary test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hellión-Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
| | - Y Montalbetti
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - O Y Heinichen
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M L Kennedy
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - M A Campuzano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - N Alvarenga
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - D A Ibarrola
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus UNA, 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, Bona KSD, Peroza LR, Cargnelutti LO, Borges RM, Pigatto AGS, Fachinetto R, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Gonçalves TDL, Moretto MB. Safety assessment and behavioral effects of Solanum guaraniticum leaf extract in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Solanum guaraniticum is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastric and liver diseases. However, there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of S. guaraniticum leaf extract after acute administration in rats. Single doses of the extract (1.250, 2.500, and 5.000 mg/kg) were administered by gavage, and the rats were then monitored for 48 h and/or 14 days. Mortality, acute signs of toxicity, and general activity in the open field test were assessed as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, enzymatic activity (δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and acetylcholinesterase), and oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation level, non-protein thiol content, tissue catalase activity, and serum ferrous reducing power). Phytochemical analysis was also performed by HPLC. The results showed that extract administration produced no deaths (LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg), and no significant adverse effects regarding food consumption, body weight gain, gross pathology, or other parameters. However, the open field tests showed a decrease in spontaneous activity (crossing and rearing) mainly at 48 h after treatment. The results suggest that S. guaraniticum extract is not acutely toxic, but causes alterations in central nervous system activity.
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Evaluation of the Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Activities of the Aqueous Extract from Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:618409. [PMID: 26579203 PMCID: PMC4633541 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Camellia euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for improvement of human emotions in the Guangxi Province of southern China. However, there are no studies about the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of Camellia euphlebia. This study evaluated the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the aqueous extract from Camellia euphlebia (CEE) in mice. We found that administration of 400 mg/kg CEE or 20 mg/kg fluoxetine for 7 days significantly reduced the immobility time in both TST and FST. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg extract or 4 mg/kg diazepam for 7 days significantly increased the percentage of time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPMT. In addition, the time spent by mice in the illuminated side of the LDBT was increased. Furthermore, pretreatment with 400 mg/kg CEE for 7 days significantly elevated the level of 5-HT and DA in the whole brain of mice. These results provide support for the potential anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Camellia euphlebia and contribute towards validation of the traditional use of Camellia euphlebia in the treatment of emotional disorders.
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Vieira AA, Marinho BG, de Souza LG, Fernandes PD, Figueroa-Villar JD. Design, synthesis and in vivo evaluation of sodium 2-benzyl-chloromalonates as new central nervous system depressants. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the design, synthesis and in vivo evaluation of new central nervous system depressing agents that show low levels of acute toxicity, high solubility in water, anxiolytic and hypnotic effects without sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Aguiar Vieira
- Medicinal Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Military Institute of Engineering
- Rio de Janeiro-RJ
- Brazil
| | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Laboratory of Pharmacology
- Department of Physiological Sciences
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro
- Seropédica
- Brazil
| | - Luana Gonçalves de Souza
- Medicinal Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Military Institute of Engineering
- Rio de Janeiro-RJ
- Brazil
| | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain and Inflammation
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro-RJ
- Brazil
| | - José D. Figueroa-Villar
- Medicinal Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Military Institute of Engineering
- Rio de Janeiro-RJ
- Brazil
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Komaki A, Khaledi Nasab Z, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I, Ghaderi A. Anxiolytic Effects of Acute Injection of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Lettuce in the Elevated Plus-Maze Task in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/ajnpp-18695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bussmann RW. The globalization of traditional medicine in northern peru: from shamanism to molecules. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:291903. [PMID: 24454490 PMCID: PMC3888705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/291903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis," with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer W. Bussmann
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
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Messaoudi M, Bisson JF, Nejdi A, Rozan P, Javelot H. Antidepressant-like effects of a cocoa polyphenolic extract in Wistar–Unilever rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:269-76. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x344165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sarris J, McIntyre E, Camfield DA. Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, Part 1: a review of preclinical studies. CNS Drugs 2013; 27:207-19. [PMID: 23436255 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-013-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin, Sonchus oleraceus, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Stachys lavandulifolia, Cecropia glazioui, Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica, Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis, Apocynum venetum, Nauclea latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata, Achillea millefolium, Leea indica, Juncus effusus, Coriandrum sativum, Eurycoma longifolia, Turnera diffusa, Euphorbia hirta, Justicia spp., Crocus sativus, Aloysia polystachya, Albies pindrow, Casimiroa edulis, Davilla rugosa, Gastrodia elata, Sphaerathus indicus, Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng. Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising anxiolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Sarris
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury Street, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
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Lima NGPB, De Sousa DP, Pimenta FCF, Alves MF, De Souza FS, Macedo RO, Cardoso RB, de Morais LCSL, Melo Diniz MDFF, de Almeida RN. Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:450-4. [PMID: 22995322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The traditional use of essential oils in aromatherapy has offered numerous health benefits. However, few scientific studies have been conducted with these oils to confirm their therapeutic efficacy. (+)-Limonene is a chemical constituent of various bioactive essential oils. The present study reports on the anxiolytic-like effects of (+)-limonene in an elevated maze model of anxiety in mice. At concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%, (+)-limonene, administered to mice by inhalation, significantly modified all the parameters evaluated in the elevated plus maze test. The pharmacological effect of inhaled (+)-limonene (1%) was not blocked by flumazenil. Analysis of (+)-limonene using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed its volatility to be high. These data suggest possible connections between the volatility of (+)-limonene and its anxiolytic-like effect on the parameters evaluated in the elevated plus maze test. The data indicate that (+)-limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an antianxiety agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiana G P B Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, CEP 58051-970 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Hatano VY, Torricelli AS, Giassi ACC, Coslope LA, Viana MB. Anxiolytic effects of repeated treatment with an essential oil from Lippia alba and (R)-(-)-carvone in the elevated T-maze. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:238-43. [PMID: 22358424 PMCID: PMC3854189 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) is widely used in different regions of Central and South America as a tranquilizer. The plant's anxiolytic properties, however, merit investigation. The present study evaluated the effects of repeated daily (14 days) intraperitoneal (ip) treatment with an essential oil (EO) from a chemotype of L. alba (LA, chemotype II, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg; N = 6-8) and (R)-(-)-carvone (25 mg/kg; N = 8-12), the main constituent of this chemotype, on male Wistar rats (weighing 250 g at the beginning of the experiments) submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM allows the measurement of two defensive responses: inhibitory avoidance and one-way escape. In terms of psychopathology, these responses have been related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder, respectively. Treatment with the EO impaired ETM avoidance latencies, without altering escape, in a way similar to the reference drug diazepam (P < 0.05) (avoidance 2: control = 84.6 ± 35.2; EO 12.5 mg/kg = 11.8 ± 3.8; EO 25 mg/kg = 14.6 ± 2.7; diazepam = 7 ± 2.1). (R)-(-)-carvone also significantly altered this same response (P < 0.05; avoidance 1: control = 91.9 ± 31.5; carvone = 11.6 ± 1.8; diazepam = 8.1 ± 3.3). These results were not due to motor changes since no significant effects were detected in an open field. These observations suggest that LA exerts anxiolytic-like effects on a specific subset of defensive behaviors that have been implicated in generalized anxiety disorder, and suggest that carvone is one of the constituents of LA responsible for its action as a tranquilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Y Hatano
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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de Almeida AAC, Costa JP, de Carvalho RBF, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Evaluation of acute toxicity of a natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide and its anxiolytic-like action. Brain Res 2012; 1448:56-62. [PMID: 22364736 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the acute toxicity and anxiolytic-like effects of a mixture of cis and trans of (+)-limonene epoxide in animal models of anxiety. After acute treatment with (+)-limonene epoxide at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg (i.p.) no mortality was noted during 14 days of observation. In general, behavior, food and water consumption showed no significant changes. In open field test, (+)-limonene epoxide at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, after intraperitoneal administration, significantly decreased the number of crossings, grooming and rearing (p<0.001). All these effects were reversed by the pre-treatment with flumazenil (25 mg/kg, i.p.), similar to those observed with diazepam used as a positive standard. In the elevated-plus-maze test, (+)-limonene epoxide increased the time of permanence and the number of entrances in the open arms. All these effects were reversed by flumazenil, an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors. In addition, (+)-limonene epoxide (75 mg/kg) also produced a significant inhibition of the motor coordination (p<0.01), that was reversed by flumazenil. In conclusion, the present work evidenced sedative and anxiolytic-like effects of (+)-limonene epoxide, which might involve an action on benzodiazepine-type receptors. These results indicate that the properties of (+)-limonene epoxide should be more thoroughly examined in order to achieve newer tools for management and/or treatment of central nervous system diseases and anxiolytic-like effects. The LD50 obtained for the acute toxicity studies using intraperitoneal route of administration was 4.0 g/kg. These findings suggest that acute administration of the (+)-limonene epoxide exerts an anxiolytic-like effect on mice, and it could serve as a new approach for the treatment anxiety, since it practically does not produce toxic effects.
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Zeni ALB, Zomkowski ADE, Dal-Cim T, Maraschin M, Rodrigues ALS, Tasca CI. Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of Aloysia gratissima: investigation of involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:864-874. [PMID: 21767626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia gratissima (Gill. et Hook) Tronc. (Verbenaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of headache, bronchitis, and nervous systems disorders including depression. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of Aloysia gratissima aqueous extract (AE) and the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of AE was evaluated through behavioral despair in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Swiss albino mice were treated by oral route and after 1h were analyzed the time of immobility in the FST and TST. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of AE against glutamate excitotoxicity was evaluate through cell viability of hippocampal slices, phosphorylation of Akt, and the immunocontent of inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS The immobility time in the FST and TST were reduced by AE (100-1000 and 10-300 mg/kg, respectively). The antidepressant-like effect of AE in the TST was prevented by the pretreatment with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), l-arginine or sildenafil. The subeffective dose of AE produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect with MK-801 (an antagonist of NMDA receptor), methylene blue, l-NNA (an inhibitor of NO synthase) or ODQ (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase). In ex vivo experiments, pretreatment with AE prevented the loss of cell viability induced by glutamate, thus affording neuroprotection. Glutamate toxicity caused a decreased Akt phosphorylation and an increased iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence of neuroprotection and the involvement of the l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of AE. Therefore, AE could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders and neurological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- Biochemistry Department, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Moreira ELG, Rial D, Duarte FS, De Carvalho CR, Horst H, Pizzolatti MG, Prediger RDS, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM. Central nervous system activity of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction obtained from Croton celtidifolius in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1061-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible neurobehavioural effects in rats of the proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (PRF) isolated from the bark of Croton celtidifolius (Euphorbiaceae).
Methods
Adult Wistar rats were treated with the PRF (0.3–30 mg/kg) and evaluated in different behavioural paradigms classically used for the screening of drugs with psychoactive effects.
Key findings
Acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of PRF decreased spontaneous locomotor activity (open field arena and activity cage), enhanced the duration of ethyl ether-induced hypnosis, increased the latency to the first convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and attenuated apomorphine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) stereotyped behaviour. In lower doses, PRF (0.3 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the frequency of open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest that the systemic administration of PRF induces a wide spectrum of behavioural alterations in rats, consistent with the putative existence of hypnosedative, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo L G Moreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rial
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Heros Horst
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui D S Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Centro de Neurociências Aplicadas (CeNAp), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Werdin González JO, Gutiérrez MM, Murray AP, Ferrero AA. Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Aloysia polystachya and Aloysia citriodora (Verbenaceae) against the Soybean Pest Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine the chemical constituents, ovicidal activity, fumigant, contact toxicity and repellent effects of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from Aloysia polystachya and A. citriodora against eggs and second instar nymphs of Nezara viridula. The major components were carvone (83.5%) for A. polystachya, and citronellal (51.3%) and sabinene (22.9%) for A. citriodora. The ovicidal activity of both oils was tested by topical application at different concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 12.5 μg/egg; all concentrations had a toxic effect. Data probit analysis showed that the LC50 value for A. polystachya was 2.3 μg/egg and for A. citriodora 1.9 μg/egg. The fumigant activity was evaluated in an enclosed chamber. The toxicity increased with concentration from 11 to 176 μg/mL air, and with exposure times from 1 to 48 h. The LC50 values for A. polystachya and A. citriodora were 29.9 and 13.5 μg/mL air 24 h after treatment, respectively. To evaluate contact activity a glass-vial bioassay was used. The toxicity increased with concentration from 2.8 to 45 μg/cm2 and with exposure time from 1 to 48 h. The LC50 for A. polystachya was 3.4 μg/cm2 and for A. citriodora 8.1 μg/cm2. The repellency bioassay demonstrated that both oils were active at the highest concentration (2.6 and 5.3 μg/mL air) and neutral at 1.3 μg/mL air. These results show that the essential oils from Aloysia polystachya and A. citriodora could be applicable to the management of populations of Nezara viridula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O. Werdin González
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados II. Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional del Sur. San Juan 670, (B8000ICN) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- CONICET. A. Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M. Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados II. Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional del Sur. San Juan 670, (B8000ICN) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana P. Murray
- Sección de Química Orgánica del INQUISUR. Dpto. de Química., Universidad Nacional del Sur. Av. Alem 1253, (B8000CPB), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- CONICET. A. Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana A. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados II. Dpto. de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia., Universidad Nacional del Sur. San Juan 670, (B8000ICN) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Treit D, Engin E, McEown K. Animal models of anxiety and anxiolytic drug action. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2009; 2:121-60. [PMID: 21309109 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2009_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of anxiety attempt to represent some aspect of the etiology, symptomatology, or treatment of human anxiety disorders, in order to facilitate their scientific study. Within this context, animal models of anxiolytic drug action can be viewed as treatment models relevant to the pharmacological control of human anxiety. A major purpose of these models is to identify novel anxiolytic compounds and to study the mechanisms whereby these compounds produce their anxiolytic effects. After a critical analysis of "face," "construct," and "predictive" validity, the biological context in which animal models of anxiety are to be evaluated is specified. We then review the models in terms of their general pharmacological profiles, with particular attention to their sensitivity to 5-HTIA agonists and antidepressant compounds. Although there are important exceptions, most of these models are sensitive to one or perhaps two classes of anxiolytic compounds, limiting their pharmacological generality somewhat, but allowing in depth analysis of individual mechanisms of anxiolytic drug action (e.g., GABAA agonism). We end with a discussion of possible sources of variability between models in response to 5-HTIA agonists and antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Treit
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, P-449 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9.
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Effects of the essential oils of Lippia turbinata and Lippia polystachya (Verbenaceae) on the temporal pattern of locomotion of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Parasitol Res 2008; 104:1119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen PJ, Hsieh CL, Su KP, Hou YC, Chiang HM, Lin IH, Sheen LY. The antidepressant effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. on the forced-swimming test in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:95-106. [PMID: 18306453 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The pharmacotherapy used in clinic today is not suitable for all patients and causes certain side-effects. Thus, looking for alternative treatments with antidepressant effect and minimal side-effect is important. Gastrodia elata Bl. is a famous Chinese traditional medicine used for centuries. The aim of this study is to test the antidepressant effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract (GE) using forced-swimming test (FST). Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control, GE, and fluoxetine groups, treated with 10 ml/kg bw (body weight) water, 1 g/kg bw of GE, and 15 mg/kg bw of fluoxetine, respectively. Those samples were administered by gavage to rats 23.5, 4.5 and 1 hour prior to the test session of FST. After FST, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected for monoamines analysis. The results indicated that the duration of immobility was significantly decreased in GE group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The concentration of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus were not significantly different between GE and the control groups. However, administration of GE significantly increased the dopamine (DA) concentration (p < 0.05) and decreased the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (p < 0.01) and DA turnover (p < 0.05) in striatum compared to the control. The results of this study show that Gastrodia elata Bl. extract modulates the turnover of DA in rats, and thus probably possesses antidepressant effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hellión-Ibarrola MC, Ibarrola DA, Montalbetti Y, Kennedy ML, Heinichen O, Campuzano M, Ferro EA, Alvarenga N, Tortoriello J, De Lima TCM, Mora S. The antidepressant-like effects of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:478-483. [PMID: 18222666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the putative antidepressant-like effects of a hydro-ethanolic extract (CEAp) and their fractions from the aerial parts of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke (Verbenaceae) on the performance of male mice in the forced swimming test (FST). A single dose (100.0mg/kgp.o.) of CEAp, in male mice provoked a significant reduction of the immobility time (p<0.01). Such effect was also observed with short-term treatment (7 days) with single doses of 1.0 (p<0.01), 10.0 (p<0.05) and 100.0 (p<0.05)mg/kg/day of CEAp. Additionally, in a different set of experiments, repeated administration in a 24-h period (24, 18 and 1h before swimming test) with doses of 1.0 (p<0.05) and 10.0 (p<0.05)mg/kg p.o., of CEAp and 10.0mg/kgp.o., (p<0.05) of ethyl acetate fraction, provoked significant reduction of the immobility time of male mice in the FST. Moreover, it was noted important differences in the onset of the antidepressant-like effect in the FST, depending on the modality of treatment with CEAp (acute, short-term or repeated). Both, efficacy and potency were higher when repeated administration of CEAp was used, and surprisingly the dose of 10mg/kg (24, 18 and 1h before swimming test) was more effective than imipramine. In the same way, the short term administration (7 days) improved significantly efficacy and potency of the CEAp in comparison to a single dose treatment. The ethyl acetate fraction submitted to TLC demonstrated that main and minor components are phenolics and terpenes, respectively. In addition, this fraction gives a negative Shinoda's test for flavonoids. These results indicate an antidepressant-like profile of action for the hydro-ethanolic extract and the component(s) of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from A. polystachya, which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hellión-Ibarrola
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus Universitario, P.O. Box 1055, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
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Hughes RN. Sex does matter: comments on the prevalence of male-only investigations of drug effects on rodent behaviour. Behav Pharmacol 2008; 18:583-9. [PMID: 17912042 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3282eff0e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence of sex differences in the effects of drugs on nonsexual behaviour in rats and mice, most researchers continue to investigate male animals exclusively. This was evident from a survey of all relevant research reports published during the period February 2005-September 2006 (inclusive) in recent issues of five representative behavioural pharmacological journals. Reasons for excluding female animals from most studies are discussed along with attempts to justify the use of either male or female animals only, and the value of including both sexes (especially when a drug effect is poorly understood). Although there are other factors that can influence the effects of drugs, such as strain, age and social density, the sex of experimental animals is the easiest to control and thus is well suited to inclusion in pharmacological investigations. It is accordingly suggested that, as has been recommended many times in the past, animals' sex should play a more important part in future research than is still currently the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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