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Dey AD, Mannan A, Dhiman S, Singh TG. Unlocking new avenues for neuropsychiatric disease therapy: the emerging potential of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06617-6. [PMID: 38801530 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that regulate various physiological processes such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that targeting PPARs could be beneficial in treating neuropsychiatric disorders by modulating neuronal function and signaling pathways in the brain. PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ have been found to play important roles in cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection. Dysregulation of PPARs has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The limitations and side effects of current treatments have prompted research to target PPARs as a promising novel therapeutic strategy. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the potential of PPAR agonists and antagonists to improve symptoms associated with these disorders. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of PPARs in neuropsychiatric disorders, their potential as therapeutic targets, and the challenges and future directions for developing PPAR-based therapies. METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out with the keywords "PPAR, Neuropsychiatric disorders, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Major depression disorder, Autism spectrum disorder, molecular pathway". RESULT & CONCLUSION Although PPARs present a hopeful direction for innovative therapeutic approaches in neuropsychiatric conditions, additional research is required to address obstacles and convert this potential into clinically viable and individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Loonen AJ. Putative role of immune reactions in the mechanism of tardive dyskinesia. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 33:100687. [PMID: 37810262 PMCID: PMC10550815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The term extrapyramidal disorders is most often used for conditions such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease, but also refers to a group of extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics (EPS), such as tardive dyskinesia (TD). After a brief description of some clinical features of TD, this article summarizes the relatively scarce results of research on a possible link between mainly cytokine levels and TD. This data was found by systematically searching Pubmed and Embase. The limitations of these types of studies are a major obstacle to interpretation. After describing relevant aspects of the neuroinflammatory response and the neuroanatomical backgrounds of EPS, a new hypothesis for the origin of TD is presented with emphasis on dysfunctions in the striosomal compartment of the striatum and the dorsal diencephalic connection system (DDCS). It is postulated that (partly immunologically-induced) increase in oxidative stress and the dopamine-dependent immune response in classic TD proceed primarily via the DDCS, which itself is activated from evolutionarily older parts of the forebrain. Neuroinflammatory responses in the choroid plexus of the third ventricle may contribute due to its proximity to the habenula. It is concluded that direct evidence for a possible role of inflammatory processes in the mechanism of TD is still lacking because research on this is still too much of a niche, but there are indications that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J.M. Loonen
- Unit of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi H, Salmani H, Ahmadabady S, Marefati N, Baghcheghi Y. Rosiglitazone attenuates amyloid beta and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus and neuroinflammation associated learning and memory impairments in rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114549. [PMID: 37343837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate the beneficial effects of rosiglitazone (Rosi) on amyloid beta(Aβ) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the hippocampus and neuroinflammation-associated learning and memory impairments in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were grouped and treated as follows: (1) Control in which saline and vehicle were administered instead of LPS and Rosi respectively. (2) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group in which LPS was dissolved in saline and injected (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Vehicle was administered instead of Rosi in this group. (3-5) LPS+ Rosi 1, LPS+ Rosi 3, and LPS+ Rosi 5 groups in them 1, 3, or 5 mg/kg of Rosi respectively was administered 30 min before LPS. The treatments were done for two weeks. In the first week, Rosi or its vehicle was injected 30 min before LPS. In the second week, the treatments were the same as the first week and behavioral tests were also carried out in the second week. The hippocampal tissues were finally detached for biochemical assessment. RESULTS The results showed that Rosi reversed increased levels of Aβ, GFAP, interleukin (IL)- 6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and malondialdehyde (MDA) due to LPS injection. Rosi also reversed attenuating effects of LPS on IL-10 and thiol concentration and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In the Morris water maze test, the LPS group had a longer latency to find the platform while spent a shorter time spent in the target quadrant in the probe trial than the control group. In the passive avoidance test, the animals of the LPS group had a shorter delay to enter the dark chamber than the animals of the control group. Treatment with Rosi reversed these parameters. CONCLUSION The findings showed Rosi attenuated Aβ, GFAP, and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and neuroinflammation-associated learning and memory impairments in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi
- Nursing and Midwifery School, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Somaieh Ahmadabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Khosropoor S, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. Cannabidiol goes nuclear: The role of PPARγ. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154771. [PMID: 36965374 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main phytocannabinoids found in Cannabis sativa. In contrast to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, it has a low affinity for cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, thereby it does not induce significant psychoactive effects. However, CBD may interact with other receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). CBD is a PPARγ agonist and changes its expression. There is considerable evidence that CBD's effects are mediated by its interaction with PPARγ. So, we reviewed studies related to the interaction of CBD and PPARγ. METHODS In this comprehensive literature review, the term 'cannabidiol' was used in combination with the following keywords including 'PPARγ', 'Alzheimer's disease', 'Parkinson's disease', 'seizure', 'multiple sclerosis', 'immune system', 'cardiovascular system', 'cancer', and 'adipogenesis'. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched until December 20, 2022. A total of 78 articles were used for the reviewing process. RESULTS CBD, via activation of PPARγ, promotes significant pharmacological effects. The present review shows that the effects of CBD on Alzheimer's disease and memory, Parkinson's disease and movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular system, immune system, cancer, and adipogenesis are mediated, at least in part, via PPARγ. CONCLUSION CBD not only activates PPARγ but also affects its expression in the body. It was suggested that the late effects of CBD are mediated via PPARγ activation. We suggested that CBD's chemical structure is a good backbone for developing new dual agonists. Combining it with other chemicals enhances their biological effectiveness while reducing their dosage. The present study indicated that PPARγ is a key target for CBD, and its activation by CBD should be considered in all future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khosropoor
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Henkel ND, Wu X, O'Donovan SM, Devine EA, Jiron JM, Rowland LM, Sarnyai Z, Ramsey AJ, Wen Z, Hahn MK, McCullumsmith RE. Schizophrenia: a disorder of broken brain bioenergetics. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2393-2404. [PMID: 35264726 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A substantial and diverse body of literature suggests that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is related to deficits of bioenergetic function. While antipsychotics are an effective therapy for the management of positive psychotic symptoms, they are not efficacious for the complete schizophrenia symptom profile, such as the negative and cognitive symptoms. In this review, we discuss the relationship between dysfunction of various metabolic pathways across different brain regions in relation to schizophrenia. We contend that several bioenergetic subprocesses are affected across the brain and such deficits are a core feature of the illness. We provide an overview of central perturbations of insulin signaling, glycolysis, pentose-phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in schizophrenia. Importantly, we discuss pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions that target these pathways and how such interventions may be exploited to improve the symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Xiajoun Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Sinead M O'Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Emily A Devine
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH, USA
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Tsermpini EE, Redenšek S, Dolžan V. Genetic Factors Associated With Tardive Dyskinesia: From Pre-clinical Models to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:834129. [PMID: 35140610 PMCID: PMC8819690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.834129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia is a severe motor adverse event of antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary athetoid movements of the trunk, limbs, and/or orofacial areas. It affects two to ten patients under long-term administration of antipsychotics that do not subside for years even after the drug is stopped. Dopamine, serotonin, cannabinoid receptors, oxidative stress, plasticity factors, signaling cascades, as well as CYP isoenzymes and transporters have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurrence in terms of genetic variability and metabolic capacity. Besides the factors related to the drug and the dose and patients’ clinical characteristics, a very crucial variable of TD development is individual susceptibility and genetic predisposition. This review summarizes the studies in experimental animal models and clinical studies focusing on the impact of genetic variations on TD occurrence. We identified eight genes emerging from preclinical findings that also reached statistical significance in at least one clinical study. The results of clinical studies are often conflicting and non-conclusive enough to support implementation in clinical practice.
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Sonego AB, Prado DDS, Guimarães FS. PPARγ receptors are involved in the effects of cannabidiol on orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction induced by typical antipsychotic in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110367. [PMID: 34048863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder that appears after chronic use of drugs that block dopaminergic receptors such as antipsychotics. Besides the motor symptoms, patients with TD also present cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms could be involved in the development of these symptoms. A previous study showed that cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound of Cannabis sativa plant, prevents orofacial dyskinesia induced by typical antipsychotics by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ). Here, we investigated if CBD would also reverse haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and associated cognitive deficits. We also verified if these effects depend on PPARγ receptor activation. Daily treatment with haloperidol (3 mg/kg, 21 days) increased the frequency of vacuous chewing movements (VCM) and decreased the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test in male Swiss mice. CBD (60 mg/kg/daily) administered in the last 7 days of haloperidol treatment attenuated both behavioral effects. Furthermore, haloperidol increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the striatum and hippocampus while CBD reverted these effects. The striatal and hippocampal levels of proinflammatory cytokines correlated with VCM frequency and discrimination index, respectively. Pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (2 mg/kg/daily) blocked the behavioral effects of CBD. In conclusion, these results indicated that CBD could attenuate haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and improve non-motor symptoms associated with TD by activating PPARγ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Buzolin Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Douglas da Silva Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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8
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Sağır D. Dose-dependent effects of prenatal exposure of pioglitazone, the PPARγ agonist, on the hippocampus development and learning and memory performance of rat offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 421:115544. [PMID: 33894214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that pioglitazone, defined as a PPARγ agonist, has neuron-protective properties in nervous system disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pioglitazone administration at different doses during prenatal period on the neurons, glial cells and learning-memory levels in the hippocampus of rat offspring. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups; Low-Dose Pioglitazone (LDP), High-Dose Pioglitazone (HDP) and control (C) (n = 3). Pregnant rats in the HDP and LDP groups were given pioglitazone at 30 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg doses, respectively, by gavage once a day during their pregnancy. No procedure was applied to the rats in the control group. Morris water tank test was applied to offspring obtained from postnatal 24th to 28th day. The offspring were sacrificed on the 29th postal day and their brain tissues removed. Stereological, histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze brain tissues. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that there were delays in learning and memory, the number of pyramidal neurons decreased, and the density of cells stained with glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) positive increased in the HDP group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the LDP and control groups in terms of these parameters (p > 0.05). Our results showed that pioglitazone administered in the prenatal period had an effect on the hippocampus development and learning and memory performance of rats, depending on the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Sağır
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey.
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Wójtowicz S, Strosznajder AK, Jeżyna M, Strosznajder JB. The Novel Role of PPAR Alpha in the Brain: Promising Target in Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:972-988. [PMID: 32170673 PMCID: PMC7162839 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) belongs to the family of ligand-regulated nuclear receptors (PPARs). These receptors after heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor (RXR) bind in promotor of target genes to PPAR response elements (PPREs) and act as a potent transcription factors. PPAR-α and other receptors from this family, such as PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ are expressed in the brain and other organs and play a significant role in oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, mitochondrial fatty acids metabolism and inflammation. PPAR-α takes part in regulation of genes coding proteins that are involved in glutamate homeostasis and cholinergic/dopaminergic signaling in the brain. Moreover, PPAR-α regulates expression of genes coding enzymes engaged in amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism. It activates gene coding of α secretase, which is responsible for non-amyloidogenic pathway of APP degradation. It also down regulates β secretase (BACE-1), the main enzyme responsible for amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide release in Alzheimer Diseases (AD). In AD brain expression of genes of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is significantly decreased. PPARs are altered not only in AD but in other neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorder. PPAR-α downregulation may decrease anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory processes and could be responsible for the alteration of fatty acid transport, lipid metabolism and disturbances of mitochondria function in the brain of AD patients. Specific activators of PPAR-α may be important for improvement of brain cells metabolism and cognitive function in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wójtowicz
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna K Strosznajder
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mieszko Jeżyna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 1 Kilinskiego st., 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Calabrese EJ, Bhatia TN, Calabrese V, Dhawan G, Giordano J, Hanekamp YN, Kapoor R, Kozumbo WJ, Leak RK. Cytotoxicity models of Huntington’s disease and relevance of hormetic mechanisms: A critical assessment of experimental approaches and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist benefited propionic acid induced autism-like behavioral phenotypes in rats by attenuation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist in prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral and biochemical autistic like features in Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 76:6-16. [PMID: 31128204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children. It is diagnosis by two main behavioral phenotypes i.e. social-communication impairments and repetitive behavior. ASD is complex disorder with unsolved etiology due to multiple genes involvement, epigenetic mechanism and environmental factors. Valproic acid (VPA), a teratogen is known to induce characteristic features related to ASD in rodents. Numerous studies suggest the potential therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in different brain disorders. This research evaluates the utility of selective agonist of PPAR-γ, pioglitazone in prenatal VPA induced experimental ASD symptomatology in Wistar rats. The prenatal administration of VPA has induced social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperlocomotion, anxiety and low exploratory activity in rats. Also, prenatal VPA-treated rats have shown higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and decreased in reduced glutathione level) and inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased in interleukin-10) in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly attenuated the prenatal VPA-induced social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, pioglitazone also reduced the prenatal VPA-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aforementioned brain regions. Hence, it may be concluded that pioglitazone may provide neurobehavioral and biochemical benefits in prenatal VPA-induced autistic phenotypes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.,CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Benefits of Fenofibrate in prenatal valproic acid-induced autism spectrum disorder related phenotype in rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:36-46. [PMID: 30769127 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with two major behavioral symptoms i.e. repetitive behavior and social-communication impairment. The unknown etiology of ASD is responsible for the difficulty in identifying the possible therapeutic modulators for ASD. Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug in both human and rodents with teratogenic effects during pregnancy. Therefore, prenatal exposure of VPA induced autism spectrum disorder like phenotypes in both human and rodents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) is widely localized in the brain. This research investigates the utility of fenofibrate, a selective agonist of PPAR-α in prenatal VPA-induced experimental ASD in Wistar rats. The prenatal VPA has induced social impairment (three chambers social behavior apparatus), repetitive behavior (Y-maze), hyperlocomotion (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and low exploratory activity (hole board test). Also, prenatal VPA treated rats have shown higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decreased in reduced glutathione level) and inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased in interleukin-10) in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex. Treatment with fenofibrate significantly attenuated prenatal VPA-induced social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety, and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, fenofibrate also decreased the prenatal VPA-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in brain regions. Hence, it may be concluded that fenofibrate may provide neurobehavioral and biochemical benefits in prenatal VPA-induced autism phenotypes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India.
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Sánchez-Iglesias S, Fernández-Liste A, Guillín-Amarelle C, Rábano A, Rodriguez-Cañete L, González-Méndez B, Fernández-Pombo A, Senra A, Araújo-Vilar D. Does Seipin Play a Role in Oxidative Stress Protection and Peroxisome Biogenesis? New Insights from Human Brain Autopsies. Neuroscience 2018; 396:119-137. [PMID: 30447390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Seipin is a widely expressed protein but with highest levels found in the brain and testes. Seipin function is not yet completely understood, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BSCL2 transcripts in the central nervous system (CNS) of humans and investigate the effect of their overexpression on a neuron model and their relationship with oxidative stress protection, as well as shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of Celia's Encephalopathy. We analyzed the expression of BSCL2 transcripts using real-time RT-PCR in samples across the brain regions of subjects who underwent necropsy and from a case with Celia's Encephalopathy. The transcript encoding the long seipin isoform (BSCL2-203, 462 aa) is expressed primarily in the brain and its expression is inversely correlated with age in the temporal lobe, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Strong positive correlations were found between BSCL2 expression and some genes encoding protective enzymes against oxidative stress including SOD1 and SOD2, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) in the amygdala. These results were experimentally corroborated by overexpressing BSCL2 transcripts in SH-SY5Y cells with lentiviral transduction and assessing their effects on neuron differentiated cells. Confocal microscopy studies showed that both seipin and PEX16 are closely expressed in the hypothalami of healthy human brains, and PEX16 was absent in the same region of the PELD case. We hypothesize that seipin has specific CNS functions and may play a role in peroxisome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Liste
- Instituto de Medicina Legal de Galicia (IMELGA), 15707 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Guillín-Amarelle
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Neuropathology Department and Tissue Bank, Fundación CIEN, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Rodriguez-Cañete
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Blanca González-Méndez
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- Thyroid and Metabolic Diseases Unit (U.E.T.eM.), Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Sonego AB, Prado DS, Vale GT, Sepulveda-Diaz JE, Cunha TM, Tirapelli CR, Del Bel EA, Raisman-Vozari R, Guimarães FS. Cannabidiol prevents haloperidol-induced vacuos chewing movements and inflammatory changes in mice via PPARγ receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:241-251. [PMID: 30217539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic use of drugs that reduce the dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause a hyperkinetic movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia (TD). The pathophysiology of this disorder is not entirely understood but could involve oxidative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound present in Cannabis sativa plant, could be a possible therapeutic alternative for TD. This phytocannabinoid shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antipsychotic properties and decreases the acute motor effects of classical antipsychotics. The present study investigated if CBD would attenuate orofacial dyskinesia, oxidative stress and inflammatory changes induced by chronic administration of haloperidol in mice. Furthermore, we verified in vivo and in vitro (in primary microglial culture) whether these effects would be mediated by PPARγ receptors. The results showed that the male Swiss mice treated daily for 21 days with haloperidol develop orofacial dyskinesia. Daily CBD administration before each haloperidol injection prevented this effect. Mice treated with haloperidol showed an increase in microglial activation and inflammatory mediators in the striatum. These changes were also reduced by CBD. On the other hand, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased in the striatum of animals that received CBD and haloperidol. Regarding oxidative stress, haloperidol induced lipid peroxidation and reduced catalase activity. This latter effect was attenuated by CBD. The combination of CBD and haloperidol also increased PGC-1α mRNA expression, a co-activator of PPARγ receptors. Pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, blocked the behavioural effect of CBD in our TD model. CBD also prevented LPS-stimulated microglial activation, an effect that was also antagonized by GW9662. In conclusion, our results suggest that CBD could prevent haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by activating PPARγ receptors and attenuating neuroinflammatory changes in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza B Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Vale
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia E Sepulveda-Diaz
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α protects propionic acid induced autism-like phenotypes in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:106-117. [PMID: 30366038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the neuropharmacological role of PPAR-α modulator, fenofibrate in postnatal-propionic acid induced symptomatology related with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS The propionic acid (250 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats from postnatal 21st day to 23rd day to induce autism-related neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical alterations in rats. Then, rats were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally) from postnatal 24th day till 48th day. The social behavior (three chambers social testing apparatus), repetitive behavior (Y-maze), locomotor activity (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and exploratory behavior (hole board test) were assessed. Biochemically, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione level) and neuroinflammation (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10) were evaluated in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex of rats. KEY FINDINGS Propionic acid-treated rats showed social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperlocomotion, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Also, these animals showed higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decreased in reduced glutathione level) as well as inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased in interleukin-10) and inflammation in aforementioned brain-regions. Treatment with fenofibrate significantly attenuated the propionic acid induced-social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, fenofibrate also reduced the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in propionic acid-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE A selective PPAR-α agonist, fenofibrate provides neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical benefits in postnatal-propionic acid induced autism-related phenotype in rats. Thus, fenofibrate may further be studied for its possible benefits in ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India.
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17
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Meyer JM. Future directions in tardive dyskinesia research. J Neurol Sci 2018; 389:76-80. [PMID: 29433809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) research is at a crossroads because of renewed interest in this syndrome following the successful development and regulatory approval of two novel vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors. Despite these clinical advances, significant lacunae exist in the knowledge base of TD pathophysiology, prognosis, and epidemiology. Moreover, conflicting definitions of TD as either a syndrome that encompasses a broad array of related phenomena or as a specific subset of tardive syndromes are an impediment to both clinical and basic science research, and to educational efforts targeting nonspecialist clinicians. A unique opportunity is thus presented by the enhanced focus on TD to resolve fundamental issues with regards to nomenclature and clinical criteria, thereby facilitating more sophisticated surveillance and genetic and epidemiological research into tardive movement disorders related to dopamine receptor blocking agents. The widespread use of newer antipsychotics portends that TD will remain a persistent public health issue. This article will present one view of research avenues to be explored for this neuropsychiatric condition, including those that may yield immediate therapeutic benefits by extending expert knowledge into routine clinical care situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Meyer
- University of California, San Diego, United States; California Department of State Hospitals (DSH), Psychopharmacology Resource Network, United States.
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18
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Samad N, Haleem DJ. Antioxidant effects of rice bran oil mitigate repeated haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1099-1107. [PMID: 28374238 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs such as D2 antagonist haloperidol (HP). The chronic use of HP is involved in the causation of free radicals and/or oxidative stress. In view of the nootropic, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory-like effects of rice bran oil (RBO) in a variety of investigations, we assessed the protective properties of RBO on HP-induced TD and neurochemical alteration. Rats treated with HP orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for a period of 5 weeks developed VCMs which increased progressively as the treatment continued for 5 weeks. Co-administration of RBO by oral tubes at a dose of 0.4 ml/day prevented the induction of HP-induced VCMs. Repeated administration of HP increases the turnover of dopamine metabolism in the striatum. Conversely animals treated with HP + RBO decrease the metabolism of DA than water + HP treated animals. Striatal, malondieldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also determined. It is suggested that beneficial role of RBO in attenuation of HP-induced TD. The results therefore recommended that supplementation of RBO may be useful in the HP-induced TD. The findings have also potential implication in the treatment of schizophrenia and motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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19
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Abstract
The broad use of atypical antipsychotics was expected to dramatically reduce the prevalence and incidence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), but data show that TD remains an important challenge due the persistent nature of its symptoms and resistance to numerous treatment modalities, including antipsychotic discontinuation. Recent insights on genetic risk factors and new concepts surrounding pathophysiology have spurred interest in the possibility of targeted treatment for TD. As will be reviewed in this article, the number of evidence-based strategies for TD treatment is small: only clonazepam, amantadine, ginkgo biloba extract, and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor tetrabenazine have compelling data. Using new insights into the metabolism of tetrabenazine and the properties of its active metabolites, 2 modifications of tetrabenazine have been synthesized to improve the kinetic profile, and are currently involved in double-blind placebo controlled studies aimed at U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory approval. The possible availability of these new agents, deuterated tetrabenazine and valbenazine, significantly widens the range of treatment choices for patients with TD. For clinicians with patients at risk for TD due to dopamine antagonist exposure, experience has shown that the problem of TD will be an ongoing issue in modern psychiatry, and that an appreciation of new developments in the pathophysiology of, risk factors for, and treatment of TD is crucial to managing this condition.
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20
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Alteration of Cytokines Levels in the Striatum of Rats: Possible Participation in Vacuous Chewing Movements Induced by Antipsycotics. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2481-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Datta S, Jamwal S, Deshmukh R, Kumar P. Beneficial effects of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats: Possible neurotransmitters and neuroinflammation modulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 771:229-35. [PMID: 26712377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tardive Dyskinesia is a severe side effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment consisting of abnormal involuntary movements, characterized by orofacial dyskinesia. The study was designed to investigate the protective effect of lycopene against haloperidol induced orofacial dyskinesia possibly by neurochemical and neuroinflammatory modulation in rats. Rats were administered with haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p for 21 days) to induce orofacial dyskinesia. Lycopene (5 and 10mg/kg, p.o) was given daily 1hour before haloperidol treatment for 21 days. Behavioral observations (vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions, facial jerking, rotarod activity, grip strength, narrow beam walking) were assessed on 0th, 7th(,) 14th(,) 21st day after haloperidol treatment. On 22nd day, animals were killed and striatum was excised for estimation of biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, nitrite and endogenous enzyme (GSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines [Tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6] and neurotransmitters level (dopamine, serotonin, nor epinephrine, 5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), Homovanillic acid, 3,4- dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Haloperidol treatment for 21 days impaired muscle co-ordination, motor activity and grip strength with an increased in orofacial dyskinetic movements. Further free radical generation increases MDA and nitrite levels, decreasing GSH levels in striatum. Neuroinflammatory markers were significantly increased with decrease in neurotransmitters levels. Lycopene (5 and 10mg/kg, p.o) treatment along with haloperidol significantly attenuated impairment in behavioral, biochemical, neurochemical and neuroinflammatory markers. Results of the present study attributed the therapeutic potential of lycopene in the treatment (prevented or delayed) of typical antipsychotic induced orofacial dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Datta
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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Hjelm BE, Rollins B, Mamdani F, Lauterborn JC, Kirov G, Lynch G, Gall CM, Sequeira A, Vawter MP. Evidence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction within the Complex Genetic Etiology of Schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:201-19. [PMID: 26550561 DOI: 10.1159/000441252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic evidence has supported the hypothesis that schizophrenia (SZ) is a polygenic disorder caused by the disruption in function of several or many genes. The most common and reproducible cellular phenotype associated with SZ is a reduction in dendritic spines within the neocortex, suggesting alterations in dendritic architecture may cause aberrant cortical circuitry and SZ symptoms. Here, we review evidence supporting a multifactorial model of mitochondrial dysfunction in SZ etiology and discuss how these multiple paths to mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to dendritic spine loss and/or underdevelopment in some SZ subjects. The pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction in SZ is based upon genomic analyses of both the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial function. Previous studies and preliminary data suggest SZ is associated with specific alleles and haplogroups of the mitochondrial genome, and also correlates with a reduction in mitochondrial copy number and an increase in synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions of mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been widely implicated in SZ by genome-wide association, exome sequencing, altered gene expression, proteomics, microscopy analyses, and induced pluripotent stem cell studies. Together, these data support the hypothesis that SZ is a polygenic disorder with an enrichment of mitochondrial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Hjelm
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Brandi Rollins
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Firoza Mamdani
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Julie C Lauterborn
- Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gary Lynch
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA; Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Christine M Gall
- Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA; Departments of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Departments of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Calif., USA
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D'Agostino G, Cristiano C, Lyons DJ, Citraro R, Russo E, Avagliano C, Russo R, Raso GM, Meli R, De Sarro G, Heisler LK, Calignano A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha plays a crucial role in behavioral repetition and cognitive flexibility in mice. Mol Metab 2015; 4:528-36. [PMID: 26137440 PMCID: PMC4481424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and is the target of medications used to treat dyslipidemia. However, little is known about the role of PPAR-α in mouse behavior. Methods To investigate the function of Ppar-α in cognitive functions, a behavioral phenotype analysis of mice with a targeted genetic disruption of Ppar-α was performed in combination with neuroanatomical, biochemical and pharmacological manipulations. The therapeutic exploitability of PPAR-α was probed in mice using a pharmacological model of psychosis and a genetic model (BTBR T + tf/J) exhibiting a high rate of repetitive behavior. Results An unexpected role for brain Ppar-α in the regulation of cognitive behavior in mice was revealed. Specifically, we observed that Ppar-α genetic perturbation promotes rewiring of cortical and hippocampal regions and a behavioral phenotype of cognitive inflexibility, perseveration and blunted responses to psychomimetic drugs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the antipsychotic and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) medication risperidone ameliorates the behavioral profile of Ppar-α deficient mice. Importantly, we reveal that pharmacological PPAR-α agonist treatment in mice improves behavior in a pharmacological model of ketamine-induced behavioral dysinhibition and repetitive behavior in BTBR T + tf/J mice. Conclusion Our data indicate that Ppar-α is required for normal cognitive function and that pharmacological stimulation of PPAR-α improves cognitive function in pharmacological and genetic models of impaired cognitive function in mice. These results thereby reveal an unforeseen therapeutic application for a class of drugs currently in human use. The lipid nuclear receptor PPAR-α is required for normal cognitive function in mice. Genetic ablation of Ppar-α promotes repetitive behavior and cognitive inflexibility in mice. Pharmacological stimulation of PPAR-α improves behaviors in models of impaired cognition and enhanced repetitive behavior. Our findings suggest Ppar-α as a possible point of commonality between behavioral and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy ; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy ; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom ; Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - David J Lyons
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lora K Heisler
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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24
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Huot P, Johnston TH, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. Pioglitazone may impair L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian efficacy in the MPTP-lesioned macaque: Results of a pilot study. Synapse 2015; 69:99-102. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Tom H. Johnston
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology, Movement Disorder Clinic; Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network; Toronto Ontario Canada
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25
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Muñoz A, Garrido-Gil P, Dominguez-Meijide A, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin type 1 receptor blockage reduces l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-1β. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:720-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lister J, Nobrega JN, Fletcher PJ, Remington G. Oxidative stress and the antipsychotic-induced vacuous chewing movement model of tardive dyskinesia: evidence for antioxidant-based prevention strategies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2237-49. [PMID: 24752659 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite decades of research, tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains a poorly understood iatrogenic movement disorder with few effective treatments and no known cure. Accordingly, the development of an innocuous strategy to prevent or mitigate antipsychotic (AP)-associated TD would represent an important clinical advance. Supporting evidence for antioxidant (AX)-based treatment regimens can be found in the preclinical literature, where AP-induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rats are attenuated by the concurrent administration of direct and indirect AXs. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to review the preclinical literature examining the role of AX-promoting treatments in the prevention of AP-induced VCMs in rats. METHODS A literature search using Google Scholar and PubMed was performed. Relevant results were qualitatively reviewed. RESULTS Studies featuring a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic AX treatments were identified and included in the review. The majority of studies used haloperidol (HAL), a typical AP, to induce VCMs. Studies revealed reduced VCMs in co-treated rats, with favorable changes seen in markers of oxidative stress (OS) and AX status, but were limited by their short durations. CONCLUSIONS Some preclinical evidence suggests that the inclusion of a naturally occurring and benign AX compound as an adjunct to AP treatment may help guard patients against TD, but additional long-duration studies are needed. This AX-based strategy is further substantiated by accumulating evidence of preexisting OS abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lister
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada,
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Thao NP, Luyen BTT, Ngan NTT, Dat LD, Cuong NX, Nam NH, Kiem PV, Song SB, Minh CV, Kim YH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor transactivational effects in HepG2 cells of cembranoids from the soft coral Lobophytum crassum Von Marenzeller. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:769-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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