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Lu P, Li S, Zhang C, Jiang X, Xiang J, Xu H, Dong J, Wang K, Shi Y. Spinosin ameliorates osteoarthritis through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Eur J Histochem 2024; 68. [PMID: 38779782 PMCID: PMC11148693 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2024.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease in the elderly, while oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte degeneration plays a key role in the pathologic progression of OA. One possible reason is that the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which acts as the intracellular defense factor against oxidative stress, is significantly inhibited in chondrocytes. Spinosin (SPI) is a potent Nrf2 agonist, but its effect on OA is still unknown. In this study, we found that SPI can alleviate tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes. Additionally, SPI can effectively activate Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in chondrocytes under the TBHP environment. When Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA, the cartilage protective effect of SPI was also weakened. Finally, SPI showed good alleviative effects on OA in mice. Thus, SPI can ameliorate oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and exhibit a chondroprotective effect through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which may provide a novel and promising option for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Lu
- Nursing Department, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou.
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Articular Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu.
| | - Caoyang Zhang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei.
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Nursing Department, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou, Jiangsu.
| | - Jinghua Xiang
- Articular Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu.
| | - Hong Xu
- Nursing Department, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou, Jiangsu.
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu.
| | - Kun Wang
- Articular Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu.
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Nursing Department, Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou, Jiangsu.
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Park K, Kong CH, Kang WC, Jeon M, Lee WH, Lee J, Kim SC, Jung SY, Ryu JH. LPC20K modified from krill oil ameliorates the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114836. [PMID: 38145873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment. It is common in the elderly. Etiologically, dysfunction of cholinergic neurotransmitter system is prominent in AD. However, disease modifying drug for AD is still unavailable. We hypothesized that krill oil and modified krill oil containing 20 % lysophosphatidylcholine-docosahexaenoic acid (LPC-DHA, LPC20K) could play a crucial role in AD by improving cognitive functions measured by several behavioral tests. We found that LPC20K could ameliorate short-term, long-term, spatial, and object recognition memory under cholinergic hypofunction states. To find the underlying mechanism involved in the effect of LPC20K on cognitive function, we investigated changes of signaling molecules using Western blotting. Expression levels of protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were significantly increased in LPC20K-administered group compared to those in the memory impairment group. Moreover, the expression levels of BDNF were temporally increased especially 6 or 9 h after administration of LPC20K compared with the control group. These results suggest that LPC20K could ameliorate memory impairment caused by hypocholinergic state by enhancing the expression levels of PKCζ and PSD-95, and phosphorylation levels of ERK, CaMKⅡ and CREB and increasing BDNF expression levels. Therefore, LPC20K could be used as a dietary supplement against cognitive impairment observed in diseases such as AD with a hypocholinergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Croda Korea Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13636, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Kim
- Croda Korea Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13636, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea.
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Bi F, Wang Z, Guo Y, Xia M, Zhu X, Qiao W. A Combination of Magnoflorine and Spinosin Improves the Antidepressant effects on CUMS Mouse Model. Curr Drug Metab 2024; 25:71-80. [PMID: 38415474 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002284230240213064248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease. As a famous traditional Chinese medicine with significant anti-depressive and sleep-promoting effects, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) has attracted the attention of many researchers. Although it is well known that Magnoflorine (MAG) and Spinosin (SPI) were the main active components isolated from ZSS, there is a lack of research on the combined treatment of depression with these two ingredients. METHODS The shaking bottle method was used to simulate the human environment for detecting the changes in oil-water partition coefficient before and after the drug combination. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay. To establish a mouse model of depression and insomnia by CUMS method, and then to explore the effect of combined administration of MAG and SPI on depression in CUMS model by observing behavior and analyzing pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The change in LogP values affected the lipid solubility of MAG and increased the water solubility of SPI, allowing them to penetrate more easily through the blood-brain barrier into the brain. Compared with the model group, MAG-SPI with a concentration of 60 μM significantly increased cell survival rate. In both the TST and FST experiments, the mice showed a decrease in immobilization time. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax and AUC of MAG and SPI, were increased in the case of combination, which resulted in enhancement of their relative bioavailability and improvement of in vivo effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that a combination of MAG and SPI had a synergistic antidepressant effect in CUMS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghe Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yijing Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Menglin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuehui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Joseph DK, Mat Ludin AF, Ibrahim FW, Ahmadazam A, Che Roos NA, Shahar S, Rajab NF. Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary flavonoids on cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216948. [PMID: 37664425 PMCID: PMC10468597 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that exercise increases angiogenesis and perfusion in the hippocampus, activates neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and increases synaptic plasticity, as well as increases the complexity and number of dendritic spines, all of which promote memory function and protect against cognitive decline. Flavonoids are gaining attention as antioxidants in health promotion due to their rich phenolic content, particularly for their modulating role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this, there has been no comprehensive review of cognitive improvement supplemented with flavonoid and prescribed with exercise or a combination of the two interventions has been conducted. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a combined intervention produces better results when given together than when given separately. Methods: Relevant articles assessing the effect of physical exercise, flavonoid or in combination on cognitive related biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments within the timeline of January 2011 until June 2023 were searched using three databases; PubMed, PROQUEST and SCOPUS. Results: A total of 705 articles were retrieved and screened, resulting in 108 studies which are in line with the objective of the current study were included in the analysis. Discussion: The selected studies have shown significant desired effect on the chosen biomarkers and neurobehavioral assessments. Systematic Review Registration: identifier: [CRD42021271001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Kumar Joseph
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farah Wahida Ibrahim
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amalina Ahmadazam
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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5
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Jiang N, Zhang Y, Yao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen F, Wang Y, Choudhary MI, Liu X. Tenuifolin ameliorates the sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits. Phytother Res 2023; 37:464-476. [PMID: 36608695 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tenuifolin (TEN), a natural neuroprotective compound obtained from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd plant, has improved cognitive symptoms. However, the impact of TEN on memory impairments caused by sleep deprivation (SD) is unclear. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms behind the preventative benefits of TEN on cognitive impairment caused by SD. TEN (10 and 20 mg/kg) and Huperzine A (0.1 mg/kg) were given to mice through oral gavage for 28 days during the SD process. The results indicate that TEN administrations improve short- and long-term memory impairments caused by SD in the Y-maze, object identification, and step-through tests. Moreover, TEN stimulated the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10), lowered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18), and activated microglia, improving antioxidant status in the hippocampus. TEN treatments significantly boosted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 while considerably decreasing the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 and caspase-1 p20. Additionally, TEN restored the downregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling cascade and the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis induced by SD. When considered collectively, our data suggest that TEN is a potentially effective neuroprotective agent for cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Chda A, Bencheikh R. Flavonoids as G Protein-coupled Receptors Ligands: New Potential Therapeutic Natural Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1346-1363. [PMID: 38037994 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501268871231127105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the largest family of cell surface receptors found in the human genome. They govern a wide range of physiological responses in both health and diseases, making them one of the potential targeted surface receptors for pharmaceuticals. Flavonoids can modulate GPCRs activity by acting as allosteric ligands. They can either enhance or reduce the GPCR's effect. Emerging research shows that individual flavonoids or mixtures of flavonoids from plant extracts can have relevant pharmacological effects against a number of diseases, particularly by influencing GPCRs. In the present review, we are considering to give a comprehensive overview of flavonoids and related compounds that exhibit GPCRs activity and to further explore which beneficial structural features. Molecular docking was used to strengthen experimental evidence and describe flavonoid-GPCRs interactions at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Chda
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques - Fez. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
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7
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Kuang X, She G, Ma T, Cai W, Zhao J, Liu B, Xu F. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of spinosin: A mini review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938395. [PMID: 36193419 PMCID: PMC9525219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinosin, a natural flavone-C-glycoside that is mainly isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa. It exerts the effects to ameliorate the neurological disorders, such as hypnosis effects, improvement of cognitive function, sedation effects, and anxiolytic effects, as well as anti-melanogenic effect, cardioprotective effects, and anti-cancer activity. However, the insufficient basic research, unclear mechanisms, and poor bioavailability may limit the prospects of spinosin in clinical utilization. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the latest information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and NMR characteristic of spinosin, to evaluate its potential therapeutic for clinical application, hoping to provide some rational perspective for the innovative agent development and usage of spinosin in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganshu She
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanna Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of pharmacy, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Fangfang Xu,
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Fangfang Xu,
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Hua Y, Xu XX, Guo S, Xie H, Yan H, Ma XF, Niu Y, Duan JA. Wild Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa): A Review of Its Phytonutrients, Health Benefits, Metabolism, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7871-7886. [PMID: 35731918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wild jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, as a food and health supplement worldwide, has rich nutritional value. It contains nutrients such as nucleosides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and fatty oils. The fruits, seeds, and leaves of wild jujube can all be used for food, medicine, or health care purposes. Among these, the fruits play many roles, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory functions, and can be used as a natural nutritional supplement to prevent aging. Simultaneously, the mature seed of wild jujube exhibits beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases and is often used for the treatment of insomnia and as a functional food for improving sleep quality and enhancing learning and memory. This review presents an overview of research progress relevant to the phytonutrients, biological functions, metabolism of bioactive compounds, and applications of wild jujube and aims to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hua
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hong Xie
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Yan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin-Fei Ma
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Zhang M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xie J. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen: a natural herb resource for treating neurological disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1379-1391. [PMID: 35578851 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders generally have the characteristics of occult onset and progressive development, which can do some serious damage to human body in the aging process. It is worth noting that traditional medicine can potentially prevent and treat such diseases. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa it has a long clinical history for sleep regulation. In recent years, ZSS has been proved to exhibit various types of neuroprotective activity, such as sleep improvement, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, memory improvement and etc. It has become a popular natural product due to its many inherently available compounds that demonstrate medicinal and pharmacological importance. This paper reviews the main components and their metabolic transformation processes, highlights the various neurofunctional regulation activities and their mechanisms of ZSS, providing a theoretical basis for further research and clinical application of this natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jinrui Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Shim Y, Han HJ, Park KW, Kim BC, Park KH, Park MY, Kim HJ, Moon SY, Choi SH, Park KW, Yang DW, Yoon SJ, Kim SY, Youn YC, Choi HJ, Yoon KE, Cho HJ, Han SH. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIb Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of DHP1401 in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Treated with Donepezil: DHP1401 Randomized Trial in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease (DRAMA). J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:391-403. [PMID: 35275529 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest that DHP1401 has neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DHP1401 in AD patients treated with donepezilMethods:Methods: In a double-blind study, patients with mild-to-moderate AD were randomized (1:1:1) to receive a twice daily total dose of 500 mg or 1000 mg DHP1401 or placebo for 24 weeks. Tolerability and safety were monitored at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. RESULTS total of 180 patients were randomized to Active 1 (500 mg: n = 62), Active 2 (1000 mg: n = 53), and control groups (n = 65) in 16 sites in Korea. There was no significant difference in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) score, the primary efficacy endpoint, from baseline. However, in the subgroup with mild AD patients (MMSE, 20-26) who received the high dose of DHP1401 and the group that received donepezil 5 mg, the ADAS-cog scores improved. MMSE and K-TMT-e type B were significant in both active groups at week 24. The most frequently observed symptom was dizziness (2.78%), and the most commonly observed reactions were related to metabolism and nutrition disorders (5.00%). No remarkable adverse events were observed for 24 weeks. CONCLUSION Although the effectiveness of DHP1401 was not proved to be superior as the primary efficacy endpoint, the secondary endpoints, MMSE and K-TMT-e type B, showed significant beneficial effects. Also, the subgroups showed that ADAS-cog scores significantly were improved. DHP1401 could be proven beneficial for the AD treatment by further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongSoo Shim
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Han
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Moon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Woo Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Eun Yoon
- Clinical Trial Team, Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cho
- Clinical Trial Team, Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kuchta K, Aritake K, Urade Y, Tung NH, Yuan CS, Sasaki Y, Shimizu K, Shoyama Y. Preventing Dementia Using Saffron, The Kampo Medicine, Kamiuntanto, and Their Combination, Kamiuntantokabankoka. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:779821. [PMID: 35310894 PMCID: PMC8931200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to evaluate the anti-dementia activities of saffron and its combination with Kampo medicine. The Kampo formula Kamiuntanto composed of 13 crude drugs is well known for its anti-dementia activity. A significant increase in choline acetyltransferase activity and mRNA levels were observed. Polygala radix was identified as the most essential component drug in Kamiuntanto, probably due to the saponins, tenuifolin, and sinapinic acid. Ginseng was also identified as an essential Kamiuntanto component in terms of its synergistic functions with Polygala radix. Saffron, which was recommended in the Bencao Gangmu for memory and dementia, and is used as an anti-spasmodic, anti-catarrhal, and sedative herbal drug. Saffron and its major constituent, crocin were shown to enhance learning-memory, non-rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, and inhibit depression and neuronal cell death due to strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation activities. In addition based on the epidemiological studies such as the treatment of sleeping disorders and the clinical trials of saffron for Alzheimer patients, we demonstrated the indirect and direct anti-dementia activities of crocin and saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Kuchta
- Forschungsstelle für Fernöstliche Medizin, Department of Vegetation Analysis and Phytodiversity, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yukihiro Shoyama,
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12
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Wang H, Huang H, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Lv J, Liu X. Tenuifolin ameliorates chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1402-1412. [PMID: 35129236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The general consensus is that stress affects the central nervous system and can lead to cognitive problems. The root of Polygala tenuifolia (P. tenuifolia) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used for improving brain function. Tenuifolin (TEN) is the major constituent of P. tenuifolia and has a promising neuroprotective property. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alleviating effect of TEN on cognitive impairment induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and its mechanism. Our results showed that CRS exposure resulted in impaired cognitive performance in C57BL/6J mice, as indicated by decreased responses in Y-maze, novel objects recognition, and step-through passive avoidance tests. TEN treated daily orally (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 30 days reversed these behavior changes. Meanwhile, TEN could significantly regulate interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. TEN inhibited the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated inflammation, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels in serum. Most importantly, we found that TEN also upregulated the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin kinase B, glucocorticoid receptor, glutamate receptor 1, and synapse-associated proteins. Collectively, these data suggest that TEN has a potential improvement effect on memory loss caused by CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Araki R, Tachioka H, Kita A, Fujiwara H, Toume K, Matsumoto K, Yabe T. Kihito prevents corticosterone-induced brain dysfunctions in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:513-519. [PMID: 34765515 PMCID: PMC8572719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kihito (KIT; Gui Pi Tang) is a traditional herbal medicine that is used for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, neurosis and insomnia in China and Japan. Recently, it has also been shown that KIT improves cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of KIT on stress-induced brain dysfunctions such as a depressed state and memory impairment, we examined whether KIT prevents behavioral and neurophysiological abnormalities in mice treated chronically with corticosterone (CORT). CORT (40 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and KIT (1000 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were given to 7-week-old male ddY mice for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, depression-like behavior in the forced swim test, spatial memory in the Barnes maze test, cell survival and the number of new-born immature neurons, dendritic spine density and expression levels of mRNA for neurotrophic factors were analyzed. Depression-like behavior and spatial memory impairment were observed in CORT-treated mice without KIT treatment. Hippocampal cell survival, the number of hippocampal new-born immature neurons, hippocampal and accumbal dendritic spine density and mRNA levels for neurotrophic factors such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were decreased in CORT-treated mice without KIT treatment. KIT prevented CORT-induced depression-like behavior, spatial memory impairment, and decreases in hippocampal cell survival, the number of hippocampal new-born immature neurons, accumbal dendritic spine density and GDNF mRNA. KIT may ameliorate stress-induced brain dysfunctions via prevention of adverse effects of CORT on cell survival, new-born immature neurons, spine density and neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Araki
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hayato Tachioka
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Ayami Kita
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Hironori Fujiwara
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabe
- Laboratory of Functional Biomolecules and Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Sajjadi M, Oskoueian E, Karimi E, Ebrahimi M. Amygdalus spinosissima root extract enhanced scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1859-1869. [PMID: 34273042 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Amygdalus spinosissima (Rosaceae) plant has been used in the Iranian folk medicine as a remedy for the burn wound. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine the possible medicinal potential of the plant focusing on the root part. The bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the root extract of the Amygdalus spinosissima plant as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were determined. Moreover, the effects of root extract on learning and memory in mice were evaluated. The results revealed that the root methanolic extract contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds including apigenin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, gallic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid. The extract possessed antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities in vitro. These biological activities were attributed to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. The A. spinosissima root extract improved learning and memory function in scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction in mice as determined using the Morris water maze task. The extract modulated the AChE, BChE, and inflammatory genes and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzymes in the brain. Consequently, A. spinosissima root extract could be considered as a promising source of potent bioactive compounds in the retarding the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sajjadi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
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15
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Kumar MR, Yeap SK, Mohamad NE, Abdullah JO, Masarudin MJ, Khalid M, Leow ATC, Alitheen NB. Metagenomic and phytochemical analyses of kefir water and its subchronic toxicity study in BALB/c mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:183. [PMID: 34210310 PMCID: PMC8247212 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, researchers are interested in the discovery of active compounds from traditional remedies and natural sources, as they reveal higher therapeutic efficacies and improved toxicological profiles. Among the various traditional treatments that have been widely studied and explored for their potential therapeutic benefits, kefir, a fermented beverage, demonstrates a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and healing activities. These health-promoting properties of kefir vary among the kefir cultures found at the different part of the world as different media and culture conditions are used for kefir maintenance and fermentation. METHODS This study investigated the microbial composition and readily found bioactive compounds in water kefir fermented in Malaysia using 16S rRNA microbiome and UHPLC sequencing approaches. The toxicity effects of the kefir water administration in BALB/c mice were analysed based on the mice survival, body weight index, biochemistry profile, and histopathological changes. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using SOD, FRAP, and NO assays. RESULTS The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed the most abundant species found in the water kefir was Lactobacillus hilgardii followed by Lactobacillus harbinensis, Acetobacter lovaniensis, Lactobacillus satsumensis, Acetobacter tropicalis, Lactobacillus zeae, and Oenococcus oeni. The UHPLC screening showed flavonoid and phenolic acid derivatives as the most important bioactive compounds present in kefir water which has been responsible for its antioxidant activities. Subchronic toxicity study showed no toxicological signs, behavioural changes, or adverse effects by administrating 10 mL/kg/day and 2.5 mL/kg/day kefir water to the mice. Antioxidants assays demonstrated enhanced SOD and FRAP activities and reduced NO level, especially in the brain and kidney samples. CONCLUSIONS This study will help to intensify the knowledge on the water kefir microbial composition, available phytochemicals and its toxicological and antioxidant effects on BALB/c mice since there are very limited studies on the water kefir grain fermented in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muganti Rajah Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Elyani Mohamad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Janna Ong Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Melati Khalid
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
| | - Adam Thean Chor Leow
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
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16
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Jin D, Zhang J, Zhang Y, An X, Zhao S, Duan L, Zhang Y, Zhen Z, Lian F, Tong X. Network pharmacology-based and molecular docking prediction of the active ingredients and mechanism of ZaoRenDiHuang capsules for application in insomnia treatment. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104562. [PMID: 34174759 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ZaoRenDiHuang (ZRDH) capsule is widely used in clinical practice and has significant therapeutic effects on insomnia. However, its active ingredients and mechanisms of action for insomnia remain unknown. In this study, network pharmacology was employed to elucidate the potential anti-insomnia mechanisms of ZRDH. METHODS The potential active ingredients of ZRDH were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Possible targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction tools. The insomnia-related targets were identified using the therapeutic target database, Drugbank database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, and gene-disease associations database. A compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape for visualization. Additionally, the protein functional annotation and identification of signaling pathways of potential targets were performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses using the Metascape platform. RESULTS In this study, 61 anti-insomnia components and 65 anti-insomnia targets of ZRDH were filtered through database mining. The drug-disease network was constructed with five key components. Sixty-five key targets were identified using topological analysis. Docking studies indicated that bioactive compounds could stably bind to the pockets of target proteins. Through data mining and network analysis, the GO terms and KEGG annotation suggested that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse CAMP signaling, HIF-1a signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways play vital roles against insomnia. CONCLUSION The potential mechanisms of ZRDH treatment for insomnia involve multiple components, targets, and pathways. These findings provide a reference for further investigations into the mechanisms underlying ZRDH treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, No 13. Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shenghui Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, North Ring Road 11, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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17
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Li R, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Fang M. Simultaneous Determination of Four Monoamine Neurotransmitters and Seven Effective Components of Zaoren Anshen Prescription in Rat Tissue using UPLC-Ms/Ms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190709095958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Zaoren Anshen Prescription (ZAP) is widely used as a classic Chinese Traditional
Medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of palpitations and insomnia in China. Some
studies have identified the main active components for its anti-insomnia effect and observed changes
of some endogenous components that are closely related to its anti-insomnia effect. However, simultaneous
determination of four monoamine neurotransmitters and seven effective components of ZAP and
the investigation of their distribution in tissues by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography
with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) have not been reported.
Methods:
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was
developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of four monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine,
dopamine, 5-hydroxy tryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) and seven prescription
components (danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, spinosin, 6´´´-feruylspinosin, salviaolic acid B, schisandrin
and deoxyschisandrin) in rats’ tissues. Tissue samples were prepared by protein precipitation
with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile
phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.01% formic acid water. An electrospray ionization triple quadrupole
concatenation mass spectrometer was set to switch between positive and negative modes in single
run time. All the components were quantitated by multiple-reaction monitoring scanning.
Results:
: The lower limits of quantitation for all analytical components were 0.78 ng/mL-1.99 ng/mL in
the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain. All the calibration curves displayed good linearity (r >
0.99544). The precision was evaluated by intra-day and inter-day assays, and the relative standard
deviation (RSD) values were all within 12.67%. The relative errors of the accuracy were all within ±
19.88%. The recovery ranged from 76.00% to 98.78% and the matrix effects of eleven components
were found to be between 85.10% and 96.40%.
Conclusion:
This method was successfully applied to study the distribution of seven components from
ZAP and the concentration changes of four monoamine neurotransmitters after oral ZAP in six tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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18
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Shang J, Chen XL, Li L, Zhang H, Yang L, Yang B, Cao L, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in vivo of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4965. [PMID: 32794231 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this research, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used for detection and identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces following oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen alcohol extract. After structure elucidation, a total of 12 compounds in rat plasma, comprising seven prototypes and five metabolites, 28 compounds in urine, comprising 17 prototypes and 11 metabolites, and 23 compounds in feces, comrpising 17 prototypes and six metabolites, have been tentatively identified by comparison with standard compounds and reference literature information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematical metabolic study on the seed. Mostly importantly, we propose that gastric acid could convert jujubosides into an absorbable form of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides, which may be responsible for the low bioavailability and specific bioactivities of these compounds. Additionally, we deduced that the absorption site of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides is located in the stomach, and that the ebelin lactone form of jujubosides may be more suitable for absorption than its hydrolysis product. Our investigation will be helpful to narrow the scope for potentially active ingredients of the seed, and pave the way for determination of the pharmacological mechanism of the seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xia-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Biao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China
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19
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Xu F, Zhang X, Wang J, Li X, He B, Xiao F, Yan T, Wu B, Jia Y, Wang Z. Spinosin protects N2a cells from H 2 O 2 -induced neurotoxicity through inactivation of p38MAPK. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1607-1614. [PMID: 32667705 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have suggested that spinosin (SPI) exerted neuroprotective effects through inhibition of oxidative damage, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SPI against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were examined in neuro-2a (N2a) mouse neuroblastoma cells. METHODS N2a cells were pretreated with H2 O2 for 2 h, followed by a 24-h incubation with SPI. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analysed by flow cytometry. Levels of Aβ1-42 production were determined by ELISA assay. Levels of expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), p-p38MAPK, p-Tau (Ser199), p-Tau (Ser202), p-Tau (Ser396), synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic scaffold postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) were detected by Western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that H2 O2 treatment enhanced intracellular ROS production in N2a cells. SPI prevented H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage via inhibiting Aβ1-42 production, decreasing Tau phosphorylation and improving synaptic structural plasticity. Notably, H2 O2 -increased p38MAPK activation was attenuated by SPI administration, and p38MAPK inhibitor BIRB796 markedly reduced H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in N2a cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that SPI protects N2a cells from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage through inactivation of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Xu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
| | - Bosai He
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China.,State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, China
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20
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Rebas E, Rzajew J, Radzik T, Zylinska L. Neuroprotective Polyphenols: A Modulatory Action on Neurotransmitter Pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:431-445. [PMID: 31903883 PMCID: PMC7457434 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200106155127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance in neurotransmission is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and even a small, but prolonged disturbance, can induce the negative feedback mechanisms leading to various neuropathologies. Neurodegenerative and mood disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or affective disorders are increasing medical and social problems. Among the wide spectrum of potentially destructive events, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolism of some neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, serotonin or dopamine appear to play a decisive role. Biologically active plant polyphenols have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of the central nervous system by modulation of metabolism and the action of some neurotransmitters. METHODS Based on published research, the pharmacological activities of some naturally occurring polyphenols have been reviewed, with a focus on their potential therapeutic importance in the regulation of neurotransmitter systems. RESULTS Phytochemicals can be classified into several groups and most of them possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. They can also modulate the metabolism or action of some neurotransmitters and/or their receptors. Based on these properties, phytochemicals have been used in traditional medicine for ages, although it was focused mainly on treating symptoms. However, growing evidence indicates that polyphenols may also prevent or slow neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Phytochemicals seem to be less toxic than synthetic drugs and they can be a safer alternative for currently used preparations, which exert adverse side effects. The neuroprotective actions of some plant polyphenols in the regulation of neurotransmitters metabolism, functioning of neurotransmitters receptors and antioxidative defense have potential therapeutic applications in various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Rebas
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jowita Rzajew
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu Y, Xie J, Cui X. Isovitexin, A new metabolite, was found in the metabolites of co-cultured five flavonoids isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa seeds by rat intestinal flora. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_454_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Lee CB, Min JS, Chae SU, Kim HM, Jang JH, Jung IH, Zheng YF, Ryu JH, Bae SK. Simultaneous determination of donepezil, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil and spinosin in beagle dog plasma using liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a drug-drug interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112919. [PMID: 31654856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinosin, which is traditionally used for sedation and sleep disorders, has recently shown potential effects in alleviating memory loss. As spinosin is the main bioactive component in a standardized dried 50% ethanol extract of the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, a Phase IIb clinical trial is ongoing, in Korea for the combination of the above extract formulated in a tablet (DHP1401 tablet) with donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept® tablet) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, to promote safety and efficacy evaluations, a reliable method for the simultaneous detection and analysis of the two drugs is needed. Toward this end, in this study, we established and validated a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of donepezil, its pharmacologically active metabolite 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, and spinosin in beagle dog plasma (50 μL). After optimization of the system, we used methanol for simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (100 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in distilled water (2:8, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.65 mL/min. All analytes were detected and quantified in selected reaction monitoring mode. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9965) over the concentration range of 0.02-20, 0.02-10, and 0.5-250 ng/mL for donepezil, for 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, and spinosin, respectively. This validated method was then successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs with no evidence for potential drug-drug interactions between DHP1401 and donepezil hydrochloride. This information and optimized assay can be useful for the anticipated co-administration of these two drugs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Kim
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Jang
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jung
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Fen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Li H, Shi J, Li Y, Wang C, Hou G, Cong W, Zhao F. Purification of spinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using macroporous resins followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3134-3140. [PMID: 31364279 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen has been used for treating anxiety and insomnia for a long time. Spinosin, the main active C-glycoside flavonoid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, has attracted much attention because of its many pharmacological activities including strong hypnotic effects, anxiolytic-like effects, and so on. In the present work, high-purity spinosin was separated from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using the HPD-300 resin followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The adsorption kinetics curve of spinosin on the HPD-300 resin was studied and fitted well by the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms were also constructed and low temperature favored the adsorption reaction. The separation parameters were optimized using dynamic adsorption and desorption tests. After a one-run treatment with HPD-300 resin, the concentration of spinosin increased 11.8-fold from 0.99 to 11.7% with a recovery yield of 80.4%. Furthermore, the purity of spinosin could surpass above 98% after separation by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization with a recovery yield of 72.6%. The developed method was effective and suitable for the large-scale preparation of spinosin. Moreover, it was confirmed that HPD-300 resin could enable good selection for the enrichment of flavonoids from different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Jiling Shi
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cong
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, the Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical valuation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, P. R. China
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24
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Li R, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li Z, Fang M. Simultaneous Quantification of Seven Constituents from Zaoren Anshen Prescription and Four Endogenic Components in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-TSQ-MS/MS and the Application of the Correlation Study. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:855-863. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
| | | | - Zhuo Li
- Xi’an Institute for Food and Drug Control
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University
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25
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Isoorientin improves scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:722-731. [PMID: 31350730 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoorientin (ISO) is considered one of the most important flavonoids with various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Despite these beneficial activities, the effects of ISO on learning and memory have not been investigated so far. The current study evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of ISO in a scopolamine-treated mouse model by using the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. The results showed that ISO (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine. Additionally, ISO significantly decreased scopolamine-induced acetylcholinesterase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activities in both the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. In addition, ISO significantly increased the levels of total superoxide dismutase induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Moreover, Western blot results indicated that ISO reversed the decreases in expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of scopolamine-treated mice. Thus, our results provide initial evidence that ISO ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory and cognitive impairments partly by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting memory-enhancing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Jeon SG, Song EJ, Lee D, Park J, Nam Y, Kim JI, Moon M. Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:307-328. [PMID: 31435482 PMCID: PMC6667206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most major cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects cognitive functions. Even though the prevalence of AD is continuously increasing, few drugs including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor antagonists were approved to treat AD. Because the clinical trials of AD drugs with single targets, such as β-amyloid and tau, have failed, the development of multi-target drugs that ameliorate many of the symptoms of AD is needed. Thus, recent studies have investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal formulae consisting of various herb combinations used to treat AD. This review discusses the results of clinical and nonclinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy in AD and underlying mechanisms of the herbal formulae of traditional Oriental medicines and bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gak Jeon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Song
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongje Lee
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- 2Center for Organic Devices and Advanced Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- 3Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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27
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Xu F, He B, Xiao F, Yan T, Bi K, Jia Y, Wang Z. Neuroprotective Effects of Spinosin on Recovery of Learning and Memory in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:71-77. [PMID: 29925225 PMCID: PMC6319550 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that spinosin was implicated in the modulation of sedation and hypnosis, while its effects on learning and memory deficits were rarely reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of spinosin on the improvement of cognitive impairment in model mice with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by Aβ1–42 and determine the underlying mechanism. Spontaneous locomotion assessment and Morris water maze test were performed to investigate the impact of spinosin on behavioral activities, and the pathological changes were assayed by biochemical analyses and histological assay. After 7 days of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of spinosin (100 µg/kg/day), the cognitive impairment of mice induced by Aβ1–42 was significantly attenuated. Moreover, spinosin treatment effectively decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Aβ1–42 accumulation in hippocampus. Aβ1–42 induced alterations in the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as inflammatory response in brain were also reversed by spinosin treatment. These results indicated that the ameliorating effect of spinosin on cognitive impairment might be mediated through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory process, apoptotic program and neurotrophic factor expression, suggesting that spinosin might be beneficial to treat learning and memory deficits in patients with AD via multi-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Xu
- Jiangsu Kangyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222047, China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bosai He
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kangyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222047, China
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28
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of C-glycosyl-flavones of Iris lactea Leaves by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123359. [PMID: 30567397 PMCID: PMC6320948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz. is a traditional medicinal plant resource. To make full use of the I. lactea plant resources, constituents of I. lactea leaves were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and 22 C-glycosylflavones were identified or tentatively identified. Optimal extraction of I. lactea leaves was established via single factor investigations combined with response surface methodology. Then, HPLC coupled with a diode array detector was used to quantitatively analyze the six main components of 14 batches of I. lactea leaves grown in different areas. The results showed the C-glycosylflavones were the main components of I. lactea leaves, and the total contents of detected components were relatively stable for the majority of samples. These results provide a foundation for the development and utilization of I. lactea leaves.
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Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1488-1497. [PMID: 30551400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds with numerous effects on behaviour and cognition. These effects vary from learning and memory enhancement to an improvement of general cognition. Furthermore, flavonoids have been implicated in a) neuronal proliferation and survival, by acting on a variety of cellular signalling cascades, including the ERK/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathway, b) oxidative stress reduction and c) relief from Alzheimer's disease-type symptoms. From an electrophysiological aspect, they promote long term potentiation in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis of synaptic plasticity mediation. Together, these actions reveal a neuroprotective effect of flavonoid compounds in the brain. Therefore, flavonoid intake could be a potential clinical direction for prevention and/or attenuation of cognitive decline deterioration which accompanies various brain disorders. The purpose of the current review paper was to summarise all these effects on cognition, describe the possible pathways via which they may act on a cellular level and provide a better picture for future research towards this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
| | - Afrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
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Liu X, Zhu X, Zhu H, Xie L, Ma J, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Cai B. Simultaneous Quantification of Six Bioactive Components in Decoction of Ziziphi spinosae Semen Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:8397818. [PMID: 30515344 PMCID: PMC6236525 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8397818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper was conducted to develop a method containing ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of six bioactive components in the decoction of Ziziphi spinosae Semen. Analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) and eluted with a mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile and water under a gradient program with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The injection volume was 2 μl. Multiple-reaction monitoring scanning detection was employed for quantification with an electrospray ion source in the negative ion mode. All the six compounds showed good linearities (r ≥ 0.9996). The LODs of the six bioactive compounds were 0.039 ng/ml, 0.092 ng/ml, 3.112 ng/ml, 2.131 ng/ml, 0.099 ng/ml, and 0.071 ng/ml for spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, camelliaside B, and betulinic acid, respectively. The LOQs were 0.118 ng/ml, 0.276 ng/ml, 9.336 ng/ml, 6.393 ng/ml, 0.299 ng/ml, and 0.213 ng/ml for spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, camelliaside B, and betulinic acid, respectively. According to our knowledge, it was the first time to establish a method with high efficiency and accuracy for the quantification of six bioactive components in the decoction of Ziziphi spinosae Semen, which would provide references for quality control and evaluation of Ziziphi spinosae Semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, China
| | | | - Qigang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zejun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Ma SX, Seo JY, Lee BR, Kim K, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. The memory-enhancing effects of 7,8,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, are associated with activation of the cholinergic system and BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jiao-Tai-Wan Improves Cognitive Dysfunctions through Cholinergic Pathway in Scopolamine-Treated Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3538763. [PMID: 30050927 PMCID: PMC6040267 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3538763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is characterized as the gradual loss of learning ability and cognitive function, as well as memory impairment. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), a Chinese medicine prescription including Coptis chinensis and cinnamon, is mainly used for the treatment of insomnia, while the effect of JTW in improving cognitive function has not been reported. In this study, we employed a scopolamine- (SCOP-) treated learning and memory deficit model to explore whether JTW could alleviate cognitive dysfunction. In behavioral experiments, Morris water maze, Y-maze, fearing condition test, and novel object discrimination test were conducted. Results showed that oral administration of JTW (2.1 g/kg, 4.2 g/kg, and 8.4 g/kg) can effectively promote the ability of spatial recognition, learning and memory, and the memory ability of fresh things of SCOP-treated mice. In addition, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was effectively decreased; the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and concentration of acetylcholine (Ach) were improved after JTW treatment in both hippocampus and cortex of SCOP-treated mice. JTW effectively ameliorated oxidative stress because of decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, JTW promotes the expressions of neurotrophic factors including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in both hippocampus and cortex. Nissl's staining shows that the neuroprotective effect of JTW was very effective. To sum up, JTW might be a promising candidate for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Ko YH, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. 6,7,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, improves learning and memory via the cholinergic system and the p-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim H, Lee HE, Jung IH, Jeon SJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Jang DS, Ryu JH. The memory ameliorating effects of DHP1402, an herbal mixture, on cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:38-46. [PMID: 28917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F Chow (Rhamnaceae) and the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata (Siedbold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook. f ex Trautv. (Campanulaceae), contained in the DHP1402, have long been used for treating dementia or hypomnesia as folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY It has been reported that Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata are effective in improving cognitive function, but via different mechanisms. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the synergistic effects of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scopolamine, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist, was used to induce cognitive dysfunction. We employed several behavioral tasks to estimate the synergistic effect of the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and the roots of C. lanceolata. In addition, we introduced the Western blotting, the antagonism passive avoidance task to investigate a synergistic effect of an herbal formulation. RESULTS Synergistic effects of a combination of Z. jujuba var. spinosa and C. lanceolata at a 5:1 ratio [(w/w), DHP1402] were observed against cognitive dysfunction in the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. DHP1402 also ameliorated memory deficits in a dose-dependent manner in these behavioral tasks, as well as in the Morris water maze task. According to the Western blot results, the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were also increased in a synergistic manner after the administration of DHP1402. In addition, we found that the effects of DHP1402 on cognitive function were mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling, based on the antagonism studies. Furthermore, we found that DHP1402 has inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). CONCLUSION DHP1402 attenuates cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive dysfunction through NMDA receptor modulation, PKA-ERK-CREB pathway activation, and AChE inhibition. Therefore, DHP1402 could be a candidate for alleviating cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao A, Zhang L, Li R, Shang J, Yi H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Fang M. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of seven constituents in rat plasma and application in a pharmacokinetic study of the Zaoren Anshen prescription. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28744886 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven constituents of the Zaoren Anshen prescription (ZAP) in rat plasma after oral administration of the ZAP: spinosin, salvianic acid A, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin. The plasma samples and the internal standard (IS) sulfamethoxazole were extracted using acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed with an Agilent HC-C18 column using a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of 0.01% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). The analytes were quantified simultaneously in a single run using an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode and electrospray ion-source polarity in the positive and negative modes. The calibration curves for spinosin, salvianic acid A, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B, schisandrin and deoxyschisandrin were linear over the concentration ranges of 2.90-1160, 2.50-1000, 1.80-720, 0.65-260, 2.50-1000, 8.00-1600 and 1.30-520 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions in terms of relative standard deviation were <18.9%, and the accuracies in terms of relative error were within ±14.2%. Consequently, the proposed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of these seven major active compounds in rats administered ZAP. These results will facilitate research aiming to predict the effectiveness of the optimal dose of ZAP and might be beneficial for the therapeutic use of ZAP in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huihui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Sansoninto as evidence-based remedial medicine for depression-like behavior. J Nat Med 2017; 72:118-126. [PMID: 28825180 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening methods using cultured Neuro2a cells to examine the activation (phosphorylation) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and promotion of neurite outgrowth revealed that the extracts of 5 Kampo (Japanese traditional) formulations have potential as medicines for the treatment of behavioral abnormalities. Since sansoninto (SAT) extract exerted stronger effects than the other candidates tested, we investigated whether its oral administration ameliorates the pathologies of some mouse models of behavioral impairments. The results obtained suggested that SAT extract exerted anti-depression-like effects in the forced swim test, which may be mediated by the up-regulated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. They may also be mediated by the enhanced phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) cascade, a downstream signaling cascade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. These results indicate that the extract of SAT has potential as a new remedial medicine in the treatment of depression-like behavior.
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Jiao L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xie J, Zhang K, Zhou A. Degradation Kinetics of 6‴-p-Coumaroylspinosin and Identification of Its Metabolites by Rat Intestinal Flora. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4449-4455. [PMID: 28513155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
6‴-p-Coumaroylspinosin (P-CS), a bioactive flavonoid, is typically extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS). In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine P-CS for investigating the degradation characteristics of P-CS incubated with rat feces. The results showed that P-CS degraded rapidly and the degradation speeds varied depending upon the P-CS concentrations (3, 15, and 30 μg/mL). The degradation of P-CS processes follow first-order kinetics. On the basis of the mass spectrometry (MS) spectrum mode of the product ions, two main metabolites of P-CS were identified. Swertisin was the main metabolite at 3 and 15 μg/mL, while spinosin was produced when the P-CS concentration was 30 μg/mL. Spinosin and swertisin could improve mRNA transcription levels of glutamate receptor K1, K2, and K3 (GluK1, GluK2, and GluK3) subunits in rat hippocampal neurons. In addition, they showed an obvious synergistic effect in this respect. Collectively, the results can be used to explain the metabolic and pharmacological mechanisms of P-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University , Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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Jeon SJ, Kim B, Ryu B, Kim E, Lee S, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Biflorin Ameliorates Memory Impairments Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:249-258. [PMID: 27829270 PMCID: PMC5424634 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of biflorin, a component of Syzygium aromaticum, on memory deficit, we introduced a scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. A single administration of biflorin increased latency time in the passive avoidance task, ameliorated alternation behavior in the Y-maze, and increased exploration time in the Morris water maze task, indicating the improvement of cognitive behaviors against cholinergic dysfunction. The biflorin-induced reverse of latency in the scopolamine-treated group was attenuated by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. Biflorin also enhanced cognitive function in a naïve mouse model. To understand the mechanism of biflorin for memory amelioration, we performed Western blot. Biflorin increased the activation of protein kinase C-ζ and its downstream signaling molecules in the hippocampus. These results suggest that biflorin ameliorates drug-induced memory impairment by modulation of protein kinase C-ζ signaling in mice, implying that biflorin could function as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseong Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Jo SY, Jung IH, Yi JH, Choi TJ, Lee S, Jung JW, Yun J, Lee YC, Ryu JH, Kim DH. Ethanol extract of the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa potentiates hippocampal synaptic transmission through mitogen-activated protein kinase, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:16-21. [PMID: 28167293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Rhamnaceae) has been used to sleep disturbances in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine, many previous studies have focused on its sedative effect. AIM OF THE STUDY Recently, we reported the neuroprotective effect of the effect of Z. jujuba var. spinosa. However, its effects on synaptic function have not yet been studied. In this project, we examined the action of ethanol extract of the seed of Z. jujuba var. spinosa (DHP1401) on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effects of DHP1401, field recordings were conducted using hippocampal slices (400µm). Object recognition test was introduced to examine whether DHP1401 affect normal recognition memory. RESULTS DHP1401 (50μg/ml) induced a significant increase in synaptic activity in Shaffer collateral pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. This increase of synaptic responses was blocked by NBQX, a broad spectrum α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist, but not IEM-1460, a Ca2+-permeable AMPAR blocker. Moreover, U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, and PKI, a protein kinase A inhibitor, blocked DHP1401-induced increase in synaptic transmission. Finally, DHP1401 facilitated object recognition memory. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DHP1401 increase synaptic transmission through increase of synaptic AMPAR transmission via MAPK, AC and PAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Jo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Hyun Yi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Tae Joon Choi
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao X, Liu J, Wen Z, Zhang Y, Yu M, Pan B, Zeng J, Xie J. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of coumaroylspinosin in rat: A novel flavone C-glycoside derived from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Risperidone ameliorated Aβ 1-42 -induced cognitive and hippocampal synaptic impairments in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Oh HK, Jeon SJ, Lee S, Lee HE, Kim E, Park SJ, Kim HN, Jung WY, Cheong JH, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Swertisin ameliorates pre-pulse inhibition deficits and cognitive impairment induced by MK-801 in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:250-259. [PMID: 27729563 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116672098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Swertisin, a plant-derived C-glucosylflavone, is known to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated in mice the effects of swertisin on glutamatergic dysfunction induced by dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. In the Acoustic Startle Response test, their MK-801-induced (given 0.2 mg/kg i.p.) pre-pulse inhibition deficit was significantly attenuated by the administration of swertisin (30 mg/kg p.o.). In the Novel Object Recognition Test, the recognition memory impairments that were induced by MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, given i.p.) were also reversed by administration of swertisin (30 mg/kg p.o.). In addition, swertisin normalized the MK-801-induced elevation of phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β signaling molecules in the prefrontal cortex. These results indicated that swertisin may be useful in managing the symptoms of schizophrenia, including sensorimotor gating disruption and cognitive impairment, and that these behavioral outcomes may be related to Akt-GSK-3β signaling in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyong Oh
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neul Kim
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yong Jung
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- 5 Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- 2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- 1 Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeon SJ, Kim B, Park HJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Kim DH, Ryu JH. The ameliorating effect of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol on scopolamine-induced memory impairment via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and LTP activation. Behav Brain Res 2017; 324:58-65. [PMID: 28137622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol (PLAG), a component of antlers of Cervus nippon Temminck, would have memory-ameliorating properties against cholinergic blockade-induced memory impairment in mice. In the passive avoidance task to investigate the effects of PLAG on long-term memory, PLAG (10mg/kg, p.o.) administration ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. PLAG also reversed the impairments of working memory in the Y-maze task and spatial memory as shown in the Morris water maze. To identify the mechanism of the memory-ameliorating effect of PLAG, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay and the Western blot analysis were conducted. In the AChE inhibition assay, PLAG inhibited the AChE activity in mice and PLAG increased the expression levels of phosphorylated CaMKII, ERK, and CREB in the hippocampus. Additionally, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength occurred by PLAG treatment in the hippocampal cultures. Overall, the present study suggests that PLAG reversed memory deficits in an animal model and that it affects biochemical pathways related to learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseong Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdeamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ofZiziphus jujubaMills. Phytother Res 2017; 31:347-365. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit; 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Alcalá; Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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Kwon H, Jung IH, Yi JH, Kim JH, Park JH, Lee S, Jung JW, Lee YC, Ryu JH, Kim DH. The Seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Hippocampal Synaptic Deficits through BDNF/TrkB Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2096-2104. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ji Hyun Yi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
| | - Jung Hoon Park
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University
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Jeon SJ, Lee HJ, Lee HE, Park SJ, Gwon Y, Kim H, Zhang J, Shin CY, Kim DH, Ryu JH. Oleanolic acid ameliorates cognitive dysfunction caused by cholinergic blockade via TrkB-dependent BDNF signaling. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:100-109. [PMID: 27470063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid and is widely present in food and medicinal plants. To examine the effect of oleanolic acid on memory deficits, we employed a cholinergic blockade-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. A single administration of oleanolic acid significantly increased the latency on the passive avoidance task and affected the alternation behavior on the Y-maze task and the exploration time on the novel object recognition task, indicating that oleanolic acid reverses the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine. In accordance with previous reports, oleanolic acid enhanced extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Interestingly, ameliorating effect of oleanolic acid on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was abolished by N2-(2-{[(2-oxoazepan-3-yl)amino]carbonyl}phenyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide (ANA-12), a potent and specific inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), in the passive avoidance task. Similarly, oleanolic acid significantly evoked long-term potentiation in a dose-dependent manner, which was diminished by ANA-12 treatment as shown in the electrophysiology study. Together, these results imply that oleanolic acid ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by modulating the BDNF-ERK1/2-CREB pathway through TrkB activation in mice, suggesting that oleanolic acid would be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubeen Gwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Swertisin, a C-glucosylflavone, ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice with its adenosine A1 receptor antagonistic property. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee Y, Jeon SJ, Lee HE, Jung IH, Jo YW, Lee S, Cheong JH, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Spinosin, a C-glycoside flavonoid, enhances cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 145:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kadioglu O, Jacob S, Bohnert S, Naß J, Saeed MEM, Khalid H, Merfort I, Thines E, Pommerening T, Efferth T. Evaluating ancient Egyptian prescriptions today: Anti-inflammatory activity of Ziziphus spina-christi. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:293-306. [PMID: 26969383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. (Christ's Thorn Jujube) is a wild tree today found in Jordan, Israel, Egypt, and some parts of Africa, which was already in use as a medicinal plant in Ancient Egypt. In ancient Egyptian prescriptions, it was used in remedies against swellings, pain, and heat, and thus should have anti-inflammatory effects. Nowadays, Z. spina-christi, is used in Egypt (by Bedouins, and Nubians), the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Iraq, and Morocco against a wide range of illnesses, most of them associated with inflammation. Pharmacological research undertaken to date suggests that it possesses anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and anti-microbial effects. The transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is critical in inflammation, proliferation and involved in various types of cancer. Identification of new anti-inflammatory compounds might be an effective strategy to target inflammatory disorders and cancer. Therefore, extracts from Z. spina-christi are investigated in terms of their anti-inflammatory effects. Our intention is to evaluate the effects of Z. spina-christi described in ancient Egyptian papyri, and to show whether the effects can be proven with modern pharmacological methods. Furthermore, we determine the active ingredients in crude extracts for their inhibitory activity toward NF-κB pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the active ingredients of Z. spina-christi, we fractionated the extracts for bioassays and identified the active compounds. Epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, spinosin, 6''' feruloylspinosin and 6''' sinapoylspinosin and crude extracts of seed, leaf, root or stem were analyzed for their effect on NF-κB DNA binding by electromobility shift assay (EMSA) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 by Western blot analysis. The binding mode of the compounds to NF-κB pathway proteins was compared with the known inhibitor, MG-132, by in silico molecular docking calculations. Log10IC50 values of gallocatechin and epigallocatechin as two main compounds of the plant were correlated to the microarray-based mRNA expression of 79 inflammation-related genes in cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA) as determined. The expression of 17 genes significantly correlated to the log10IC50 values for gallocatechin or epigallocatechin. RESULTS Nuclear p65 protein level decreased upon treatment with each extract and compound. Root and seed extracts inhibited NF-κB-DNA binding as shown by EMSA. The compounds showed comparable binding energies and similar docking poses as MG-132 on the target proteins. CONCLUSION Z. spina-christi might possess anti-inflammatory activity as assumed by ancient Egyptian prescriptions. Five compounds contributed to this bioactivity, i.e. epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, spinosin, 6''' feruloylspinosin and 6''' sinapoylspinosin as shown in vitro and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbH, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Bohnert
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbH, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Janine Naß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hassan Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbH, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 56, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Pommerening
- Department of Egyptology, Institute of Ancient Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hegelstraße 59, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Qiao L, Liu Y, Chen X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Yang K, Zhou H, Duan Y, Zheng W, Xie W. A HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of 6'''-feruloylspinosin in rat plasma and tissues: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:77-83. [PMID: 26780157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, reliable and accurate HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 6'''-feruloylspinosin in rat plasma and tissues with puerarin as the internal standard. The separation was performed on a Proshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6×150 mm, 2.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (20:80, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min. The quantification was performed by MRM with m/z [M-H](-) 783.3→427.2 for 6'''-feruloylspinosin and m/z [M-H](-) 415.4→295.4 for the internal standard, respectively. The calibration curves covered over a concentration range of 20-2000 ng/mL in plasma and various tissues samples (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, muscle, cerebrum and cerebellum) with good linearity (r(2)≥0.9914). Both the intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 14.70%, and the accuracy (RE%) ranged from -5.80% to 4.93%. The extraction recoveries were within 75.21-92.96%, and the matrix effect ranged from 87.21% to 113.44%. Compared with spinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin was distributed in rats faster whereas more slowly eliminated from the plasma. 6'''-Feruloylspinosin could be distributed rapidly and widely in various tissues, and transfer across the blood-brain barrier. In addition, both 6'''-feruloylspinosin and spinosin could enhance the expression of GABAAα1, GABAAα5, GABABR1 mRNA in rat hippocampal neurons significantly, indicating the bioactivity mechanism of 6'''-feruloylspinosin was involved in the GABA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longdong Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of pharmacy, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yayun Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
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