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Blaine AT, van Rijn RM. Receptor expression and signaling properties in the brain, and structural ligand motifs that contribute to delta opioid receptor agonist-induced seizures. Neuropharmacology 2023; 232:109526. [PMID: 37004753 PMCID: PMC11078570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The δ opioid receptor (δOR) is a therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as migraines, chronic pain, alcohol use, and mood disorders. Relative to μ opioid receptor agonists, δOR agonists show lower abuse liability and may be potentially safer analgesic alternatives. However, currently no δOR agonists are approved for clinical use. A small number of δOR agonists reached Phase II trials, but ultimately failed to progress due to lack of efficacy. One side effect of δOR agonism that remains poorly understood is the ability of δOR agonists to produce seizures. The lack of a clear mechanism of action is partly driven by the fact that δOR agonists range in their propensity to induce seizure behavior, with multiple δOR agonists reportedly not causing seizures. There is a significant gap in our current understanding of why certain δOR agonists are more likely to induce seizures, and what signal-transduction pathway and/or brain area is engaged to produce these seizures. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of δOR agonist-mediated seizures. The review was structured to highlight which agonists produce seizures, which brain regions have been implicated and which signaling mediators have been examined in this behavior. Our hope is that this review will spur future studies that are carefully designed and aimed to solve the question why certain δOR agonists are seizurogenic. Obtaining such insight may expedite the development of novel δOR clinical candidates without the risk of inducing seizures. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Opioid-induced changes in addiction and pain circuits".
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Affiliation(s)
- Arryn T Blaine
- Purdue University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science graduate program, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Purdue University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Septerna Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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2
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Adzic M, Lukic I, Mitic M, Glavonic E, Dragicevic N, Ivkovic S. Contribution of the opioid system to depression and to the therapeutic effects of classical antidepressants and ketamine. Life Sci 2023:121803. [PMID: 37245840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) afflicts approximately 5 % of the world population, and about 30-50 % of patients who receive classical antidepressant medications do not achieve complete remission (treatment resistant depressive patients). Emerging evidence suggests that targeting opioid receptors mu (MOP), kappa (KOP), delta (DOP), and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) may yield effective therapeutics for stress-related psychiatric disorders. As depression and pain exhibit significant overlap in their clinical manifestations and molecular mechanisms involved, it is not a surprise that opioids, historically used to alleviate pain, emerged as promising and effective therapeutic options in the treatment of depression. The opioid signaling is dysregulated in depression and numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials strongly suggest that opioid modulation can serve as either an adjuvant or even an alternative to classical monoaminergic antidepressants. Importantly, some classical antidepressants require the opioid receptor modulation to exert their antidepressant effects. Finally, ketamine, a well-known anesthetic whose extremely efficient antidepressant effects were recently discovered, was shown to mediate its antidepressant effects via the endogenous opioid system. Thus, although opioid system modulation is a promising therapeutical venue in the treatment of depression further research is warranted to fully understand the benefits and weaknesses of such approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Iva Lukic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mitic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emilija Glavonic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Dragicevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca - Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Olson KM, Hillhouse TM, Burgess GE, West JL, Hallahan JE, Dripps IJ, Ladetto AG, Rice KC, Jutkiewicz EM, Traynor JR. Delta Opioid Receptor-Mediated Antidepressant-Like Effects of Diprenorphine in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:343-352. [PMID: 36456196 PMCID: PMC9976798 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a highly common disorder, with a lifetime prevalence in the United States of approximately 21%. Traditional antidepressant treatments are limited by a delayed onset of action and minimal efficacy in some patients. Ketamine is effective and fast-acting, but there are concerns over its abuse liability. Thus, there is a need for safe, fast-acting antidepressant drugs. The opioid buprenorphine shows promise but also has abuse liability due to its mu-agonist component. Preclinical evidence indicates that the delta-opioid system contributes to mood disorders, and delta-opioid agonists are effective in preclinical models of depression- and anxiety-like states. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the mu-opioid antagonist diprenorphine by virtue of its partial delta opioid agonist activity may offer a beneficial profile for an antidepressant medication without abuse liability. Diprenorphine was confirmed to bind with high affinity to all three opioid receptors, and functional experiments for G protein activation verified diprenorphine to be a partial agonist at delta- and kappa-opioid receptors and a mu-antagonist. Studies in C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that an acute dose of diprenorphine produced antidepressant-like effects in the tail suspension test and the novelty-induced hypophagia test that were inhibited in the presence of the delta-selective antagonist, naltrindole. Diprenorphine did not produce convulsions, a side effect of many delta agonists but rather inhibited convulsions caused by the full delta agonist SNC80; however, diprenorphine did potentiate pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. Diprenorphine, and compounds with a similar pharmacological profile, may provide efficient and safe rapidly acting antidepressants. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The management of major depressive disorder, particularly treatment-resistant depression, is a significant unmet medical need. Here we show that the opioid diprenorphine, a compound with mu-opioid receptor antagonist activity and delta- and kappa-opioid receptor partial agonist activities, has rapid onset antidepressant-like activity in animal models. Diprenorphine and compounds with a similar pharmacological profile to diprenorphine should be explored as novel antidepressant drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Depressive Disorder, Major
- Diprenorphine/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Opioid
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Seizures/chemically induced
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Gwendolyn E Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Joshua L West
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - James E Hallahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Isaac J Dripps
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Allison G Ladetto
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - Emily M Jutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
| | - John R Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center (K.M.O., T.M.H., G.E.B., J.L.W., J.E.H., I.J.D., A.G.L., E.M.J., J.R.T.) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (J.R.T.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin (T.M.H.); and Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (K.C.R.)
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Blaine AT, Miao Y, Yuan J, Palant S, Liu RJ, Zhang ZY, van Rijn RM. Exploration of beta-arrestin isoform signaling pathways in delta opioid receptor agonist-induced convulsions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914651. [PMID: 36059958 PMCID: PMC9428791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ-opioid receptor (δOR) has been considered as a therapeutic target in multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders particularly as δOR agonists are deemed safer alternatives relative to the more abuse-liable µ-opioid receptor drugs. Clinical development of δOR agonists, however, has been challenging in part due to the seizure-inducing effects of certain δOR agonists. Especially agonists that resemble the δOR-selective agonist SNC80 have well-established convulsive activity. Close inspection suggests that many of those seizurogenic δOR agonists efficaciously recruit β-arrestin, yet surprisingly, SNC80 displays enhanced seizure activity in β-arrestin 1 knockout mice. This finding led us to hypothesize that perhaps β-arrestin 1 is protective against, whereas β-arrestin 2 is detrimental for δOR-agonist-induced seizures. To investigate our hypothesis, we characterized three different δOR agonists (SNC80, ADL5859, ARM390) in cellular assays and in vivo in wild-type and β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2 knockout mice for seizure activity. We also investigated downstream kinases associated with β-arrestin-dependent signal transduction. We discovered that δOR agonist-induced seizure activity strongly and positively correlates with β-arrestin 2 efficacy for the agonist, but that indirect inhibition of ERK activation using the MEK inhibitor SL327 did not inhibit seizure potency and duration. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling with honokiol but not PQR530, attenuated SNC80 seizure duration in β-arrestin 1 knockout, but honokiol did not reduce SNC80-induced seizures in wild-type mice. Ultimately, our results indicate that β-arrestin 2 is correlated with δOR agonist-induced seizure intensity, but that global β-arrestin 1 knockout mice are a poor model system to investigate their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arryn T. Blaine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yiming Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jinling Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sophia Palant
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Cancer Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Richard. M. van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Cancer Center, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard. M. van Rijn,
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5
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Chen Y, He Y, Zhao S, He X, Xue D, Xia Y. Hypoxic/Ischemic Inflammation, MicroRNAs and δ-Opioid Receptors: Hypoxia/Ischemia-Sensitive Versus-Insensitive Organs. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:847374. [PMID: 35615595 PMCID: PMC9124822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.847374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and ischemia cause inflammatory injury and critically participate in the pathogenesis of various diseases in various organs. However, the protective strategies against hypoxic and ischemic insults are very limited in clinical settings up to date. It is of utmost importance to improve our understanding of hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) inflammation and find novel therapies for better prevention/treatment of H/I injury. Recent studies provide strong evidence that the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression and affect H/I inflammation through post-transcriptional mechanisms, are differentially altered in response to H/I stress, while δ-opioid receptors (DOR) play a protective role against H/I insults in different organs, including both H/I-sensitive organs (e.g., brain, kidney, and heart) and H/I-insensitive organs (e.g., liver and muscle). Indeed, many studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the DOR-mediated cyto-protection against H/I injury by several molecular pathways, including NLRP3 inflammasome modulated by miRNAs. In this review, we summarize our recent studies along with those of others worldwide, and compare the effects of DOR on H/I expression of miRNAs in H/I-sensitive and -insensitive organs. The alternation in miRNA expression profiles upon DOR activation and the potential impact on inflammatory injury in different organs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions are discussed at molecular and cellular levels. More in-depth investigations into this field may provide novel clues for new protective strategies against H/I inflammation in different types of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yichen He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Xue,
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ying Xia,
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6
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Conibear AE, Asghar J, Hill R, Henderson G, Borbely E, Tekus V, Helyes Z, Palandri J, Bailey C, Starke I, von Mentzer B, Kendall D, Kelly E. A Novel G Protein-Biased Agonist at the δ Opioid Receptor with Analgesic Efficacy in Models of Chronic Pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:224-236. [PMID: 31594792 PMCID: PMC6978697 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists at the δ opioid receptor are known to be potent antihyperalgesics in chronic pain models and effective in models of anxiety and depression. However, some δ opioid agonists have proconvulsant properties while tolerance to the therapeutic effects can develop. Previous evidence indicates that different agonists acting at the δ opioid receptor differentially engage signaling and regulatory pathways with significant effects on behavioral outcomes. As such, interest is now growing in the development of biased agonists as a potential means to target specific signaling pathways and potentially improve the therapeutic profile of δ opioid agonists. Here, we report on PN6047 (3-[[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-[1-(thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-4-piperidylidene]methyl]benzamide), a novel G protein–biased and selective δ opioid agonist. In cell-based assays, PN6047 fully engages G protein signaling but is a partial agonist in both the arrestin recruitment and internalization assays. PN6047 is effective in rodent models of chronic pain but shows no detectable analgesic tolerance following prolonged treatment. In addition, PN6047 exhibited antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test, and importantly, the drug had no effect on chemically induced seizures. PN6047 did not exhibit reward-like properties in the conditioned place preference test or induce respiratory depression. Thus, δ opioid ligands with limited arrestin signaling such as PN6047 may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Conibear
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Junaid Asghar
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Rob Hill
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Graeme Henderson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Eva Borbely
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Valeria Tekus
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Josephine Palandri
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Chris Bailey
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Ingemar Starke
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Bengt von Mentzer
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - David Kendall
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom (A.E.C., R.H., G.H., E.K.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (J.A.); PharmInVivo Ltd., Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary (E.B., V.T., Z.H.); Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom (J.P., C.B.); and PharmNovo AB, Kungshamn, Sweden (I.S., B.v.M., D.K.)
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The opioid receptor triple agonist DPI-125 produces analgesia with less respiratory depression and reduced abuse liability. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:977-989. [PMID: 28502978 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid analgesics remain the first choice for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, but they are also notorious for their respiratory depression and addictive effects. This study focused on the pharmacology of a novel opioid receptor mixed agonist DPI-125 and attempted to elucidate the relationship between the δ-, μ- and κ-receptor potency ratio and respiratory depression and abuse liability. Five diarylmethylpiperazine compounds (DPI-125, DPI-3290, DPI-130, KUST202 and KUST13T02) were selected for this study. PKA fluorescence redistribution assays in CHO cells individually expressing δ-, μ- or κ-receptors were used to measure the agonist potency. The respiratory safety profiles were estimated in rats by the ratio of ED50 (pCO2 increase)/ED50 (antinociception). The abuse liability of DPI-125 was evaluated with a self-administration model in rhesus monkeys. The observed agonist potencies of DPI-125 for δ-, μ- and κ-opioid receptors were 4.29±0.36, 11.10±3.04, and 16.57±4.14 nmol/L, respectively. The other four compounds were also mixed agonists with varying potencies. DPI-125 exhibited a high respiratory safety profile, clearly related to its high δ-receptor potency. The ratio of the EC50 potencies for the μ- and δ-receptors was found to be positively correlated with the respiratory safety ratio. DPI-125 has similar potencies for μ- and κ-receptors, which is likely the reason for its reduced abuse potential. Our results demonstrate that the opioid receptor mixed agonist DPI-125 is safer and less addictive than traditional μ-agonist analgesics. These findings suggest that the development of δ>μ∼κ opioid receptor mixed agonists is feasible, and such compounds could represent a promising class of potent analgesics with wider therapeutic windows.
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Abstract
Depression is a pervasive and debilitating mental disorder that is inadequately treated by current pharmacotherapies in a majority of patients. Although opioids have long been known to regulate mood states, the use of opioids to treat depression is rarely discussed. This chapter explores the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the antidepressant-like effects of opioid ligands, and in particular, delta opioid receptor (DOR) agonists. DOR agonists have been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects in a number of animal models. Some DOR agonists also produce convulsions which has limited their clinical utility. However, DOR agonists that generate antidepressant-like effects without convulsions have recently been developed and these drugs are beginning to be evaluated in humans. Work investigating potential mechanisms of action for the antidepressant-like effects of DOR agonists is also explored. Understanding mechanisms that give rise to DOR-mediated behaviors is critical for the development of DOR drugs with improved safety and clinical utility, and future work should be devoted to elucidating these pathways.
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9
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of targets for current therapeutics. The classic model of their activation was binary, where agonist binding induced an active conformation and subsequent downstream signaling. Subsequently, the revised concept of biased agonism emerged, where different ligands at the same G protein-coupled receptor selectively activate one downstream pathway versus another. Advances in understanding the mechanism of biased agonism have led to the development of novel ligands, which have the potential for improved therapeutic and safety profiles. In this review, we summarize the theory and most recent breakthroughs in understanding biased signaling, examine recent laboratory investigations concerning biased ligands across different organ systems, and discuss the promising clinical applications of biased agonism.
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10
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Chiang T, Sansuk K, van Rijn RM. β-Arrestin 2 dependence of δ opioid receptor agonists is correlated with alcohol intake. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:332-43. [PMID: 26507558 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE δ Opioid receptor agonists are being developed as potential treatments for depression and alcohol use disorders. This is particularly interesting as depression is frequently co-morbid with alcohol use disorders. Yet we have previously shown that δ receptor agonists range widely in their ability to modulate alcohol intake; certain δ receptor agonists actually increase alcohol consumption in mice. We propose that variations in β-arrestin 2 recruitment contribute to the differential behavioural profile of δ receptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used three diarylmethylpiperazine-based non-peptidic δ receptor selective agonists (SNC80, SNC162 and ARM390) and three structurally diverse δ receptor agonists (TAN-67, KNT127 and NIH11082). We tested these agonists in cAMP and β-arrestin 2 recruitment assays and a behavioural assay of alcohol intake in male C57BL/6 mice. We used β-arrestin 2 knockout mice and a model of depression-like behaviour to further study the role of β-arrestin 2 in δ receptor pharmacology. KEY RESULTS All six tested δ receptor agonists were full agonists in the cAMP assay but displayed distinct β-arrestin 2 recruitment efficacy. The efficacy of δ receptor agonists to recruit β-arrestin 2 positively correlated with their ability to increase alcohol intake (P < 0.01). The effects of the very efficacious recruiter SNC80 on alcohol intake, alcohol place preference and depression-like behaviour were β-arrestin 2-dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our finding that δ receptor agonists that strongly recruit β-arrestin 2 can increase alcohol intake carries important ramifications for drug development of δ receptor agonists for treatment of alcohol use disorders and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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11
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Richards EM, Mathews DC, Luckenbaugh DA, Ionescu DF, Machado-Vieira R, Niciu MJ, Duncan WC, Nolan NM, Franco-Chaves JA, Hudzik T, Maciag C, Li S, Cross A, Smith MA, Zarate CA. A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of the delta opioid receptor agonist AZD2327 in anxious depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1119-30. [PMID: 26728893 PMCID: PMC5103283 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with anxious major depressive disorder (AMDD) have more severe symptoms and poorer treatment response than patients with non-AMDD. Increasing evidence implicates the endogenous opioid system in the pathophysiology of depression. AZD2327 is a selective delta opioid receptor (DOR) agonist with anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in animal models. OBJECTIVE This double-blind, parallel group design, placebo-controlled pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of AZD2327 in a preclinical model and in patients with AMDD. METHODS We initially tested the effects of AZD2327 in an animal model of AMDD. Subsequently, 22 subjects with AMDD were randomized to receive AZD2327 (3 mg BID) or placebo for 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). We also evaluated neurobiological markers implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and electroencephalogram (EEG). RESULTS Seven (54 %) patients responded to active drug and three (33 %) responded to placebo. No significant main drug effect was found on either the HAM-D (p = 0.39) or the HAM-A (p = 0.15), but the HAM-A had a larger effect size. Levels of AZ12311418, a major metabolite of AZD2327, were higher in patients with an anti-anxiety response to treatment compared to nonresponders (p = 0.03). AZD2327 treatment decreased VEGF levels (p = 0.02). There was a trend (p < 0.06) for those with an anti-anxiety response to have higher EEG gamma power than nonresponders. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AZD2327 has larger potential anxiolytic than antidepressant efficacy. Additional research with DOR agonists should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel C Mathews
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Lundbeck LLC, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dawn F Ionescu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wallace C Duncan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neal M Nolan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jose A Franco-Chaves
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Veteran Affairs Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Thomas Hudzik
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
- AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla Maciag
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Smith
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive CRC, Room 7-5545, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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12
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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13
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Peppin JF, Raffa RB. Delta opioid agonists: a concise update on potential therapeutic applications. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:155-66. [PMID: 25726896 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The endogenous opioid system co-evolved with chemical defences, or at times symbiotic relationships, between plants and other autotrophs and heterotrophic predators - thus, it is not surprising that endogenous opioid ligands and exogenous mimetic ligands produce diverse physiological effects. Among the endogenous opioid peptides (endomorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins and nociception/orphanin FQ) derived from the precursors encoded by four genes (PNOC, PENK, PDYN and POMC) are the pentapeptides Met-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) and Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). The physiological effects of the enkephalins are mediated via 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, including delta opioid receptor (DOR). We present a concise update on the status of progress and opportunities of this approach. METHODS A literature search of the PUBMED database and a combination of keywords including delta opioid receptor, analgesia, mood and individual compounds identified therein, from industry and other source, and from www.clinicaltrials.com. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION DOR agonist and antagonist ligands have been developed with ever increasing affinity and selectivity for DOR over other opioid receptor subtypes and studied for therapeutic utility, primarily for pain relief, but also for other clinical endpoints. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Selective DOR agonists have been designed with a large increase in therapeutic window for a variety of potential CNS applications including pain, depression, and learning and memory among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Peppin
- Center for Bioethics, Pain Management and Medicine, University City, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Hazelwood, MO, USA
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14
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Guo J, Zhou D, Li Y, Khanh BH. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict complex drug-drug interactions: a case study of AZD2327 and its metabolite, competitive and time-dependent CYP3A inhibitors. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:507-19. [PMID: 26081137 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
4-{(R)-(3-Aminophenyl)[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-N,N-diethylbenzamide (AZD2327) is a highly potent and selective agonist of the δ-opioid receptor. AZD2327 and N-deethylated AZD2327 (M1) are substrates of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A4) and comprise a complex multiple inhibitory system that causes competitive and time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4. The aim of the current work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict quantitatively the magnitude of CYP3A4 mediated drug-drug interaction with midazolam as the substrate. Integrating in silico, in vitro and in vivo PK data, a PBPK model was successfully developed to simulate the clinical accumulation of AZD2327 and its primary metabolite. The inhibition of CYP3A4 by AZD2327, using midazolam as a probe drug, was reasonably predicted. The predicted maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for midazolam were increased by 1.75 and 2.45-fold, respectively, after multiple dosing of AZD2327, indicating no or low risk for clinically relevant drug-drug interactions (DDI). These results are in agreement with those obtained in a clinical trial with a 1.4 and 1.5-fold increase in Cmax and AUC of midazolam, respectively. In conclusion, this model simulated DDI with less than a two-fold error, indicating that complex clinical DDI associated with multiple mechanisms, pathways and inhibitors (parent and metabolite) can be predicted using a well-developed PBPK model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- DMPK, AstraZeneca LP, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Diansong Zhou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca LP, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Sample Science, AstraZeneca LP, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Bui H Khanh
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca LP, Waltham, MA, USA
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15
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Beaudry H, Mercier-Blais AA, Delaygue C, Lavoie C, Parent JL, Neugebauer W, Gendron L. Regulation of μ and δ opioid receptor functions: involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2573-87. [PMID: 25598508 PMCID: PMC4409908 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Phosphorylation of δ opioid receptors (DOP receptors) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was shown to regulate the trafficking of this receptor. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of CDK5 in regulating DOP receptors in rats treated with morphine or with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). As μ (MOP) and DOP receptors are known to be co-regulated, we also sought to determine if CDK5-mediated regulation of DOP receptors also affects MOP receptor functions. Experimental Approach The role of CDK5 in regulating opioid receptors in CFA- and morphine-treated rats was studied using roscovitine as a CDK inhibitor and a cell-penetrant peptide mimicking the second intracellular loop of DOP receptors (C11-DOPri2). Opioid receptor functions were assessed in vivo in a series of behavioural experiments and correlated by measuring ERK1/2 activity in dorsal root ganglia homogenates. Key Results Chronic roscovitine treatment reduced the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of deltorphin II (Dlt II) in morphine- and CFA-treated rats respectively. Repeated administrations of C11-DOPri2 also robustly decreased Dlt II-induced analgesia. Interestingly, DAMGO-induced analgesia was significantly increased by roscovitine and C11-DOPri2. Concomitantly, in roscovitine-treated rats the Dlt II-induced ERK1/2 activation was decreased, whereas the DAMGO-induced ERK1/2 activation was increased. An acute roscovitine treatment had no effect on Dlt II- or DAMGO-induced analgesia. Conclusions and Implications Together, our results demonstrate that CDK5 is a key player in the regulation of DOP receptors in morphine- and CFA-treated rats and that the regulation of DOP receptors by CDK5 is sufficient to modulate MOP receptor functions through an indirect process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beaudry
- Département de Physiologie et Biophysique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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16
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Chiang FK, Cheng RK, Liao RM. Differential effects of dopamine receptor subtype-specific agonists with respect to operant behavior maintained on a differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) schedule. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 130:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety is a complex psychiatric disorder with an unknown aetiology and involving several neurotransmitter systems. These constraints have meant that researchers have looked to develop drugs, which target a variety of molecular targets, with the aim of creating safer and more effective anxiolytic drugs. Apart from the 'traditional' GABAergic and serotonergic systems, the endocannabinoid, opioidergic, glutamatergic, neurokinin, and even cholinergic systems have been (and are being) considered as preferred targets for prospective new drugs. AREAS COVERED This review presents candidate drugs that were investigated for the treatment of anxiety-spectrum disorders and then discontinued between the 2009 and 2014 period. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large variety of molecular targets, and the considerable financial and R&D resources dedicated to finding treatment solutions for anxiety-spectrum disorders, a great number of candidates have failed to reach the market. Indeed, there is still an unmet need for more effective anxiolytics that give patients a better quality of life. Although there are inherent problems with psychiatric drug development, it is thought that repurposed drugs may provide some benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mandrioli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi) , Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921-Rimini , Italy +39 0541 434624 ; +39 0541 434608 ;
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