1
|
Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6646. [PMID: 38503831 PMCID: PMC10951409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Murdaugh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine L Faunce
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3892315. [PMID: 38352503 PMCID: PMC10862982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3892315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
Collapse
|
3
|
Soulet S, Constans L, Quinty V. Physical and chemical characterizations of a reference e-cigarette used in animal testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16624. [PMID: 37789124 PMCID: PMC10547745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A minimal necessary condition for preclinical studies to contribute to risk assessments of e-cigarettes (ECs) is the ability to expose laboratory animals to an appropriate dosage of aerosols. In this study, we examined the fulfilment of this essential consistency condition for the ECX-Joyetech E-Vic Mini (ECX), a piece of computerized exposure equipment manufactured by SCIREQ, which has been employed by numerous in vivo testing. We began by calibrating the customary Evic VTC mini device mod and the 4 coils available, reproducing in the laboratory the operation of the ECX in the power-control and temperature-control modes, using puffing parameters recommended by its documentation. We then conducted the following tests for each coil: (1) verifying whether the generated aerosols satisfy an optimal operational regime, free from overheating, as determined by a linear relation between the mass of vaporized e-liquid vs. supplied power and (2) obtaining the mean yields of aldehydes for each of the tested power settings and coils. The results of these tests show that, under the main conditions used in in vivo testing, the ECX equipment fails to comply with these consistency requirements, especially for coils with low subohm resistance, a shortcoming that can be corrected by applying much larger airflows for these coils. Therefore, the outcomes of preclinical studies using the ECX equipment should be examined with great scepticism and subjected to further testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Léa Constans
- Ingesciences, 2 Chemin Des Arestrieux, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Vanille Quinty
- Ingesciences, 2 Chemin Des Arestrieux, 33610, Cestas, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bautista M, Mogul AS, Fowler CD. Beyond the label: current evidence and future directions for the interrelationship between electronic cigarettes and mental health. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1134079. [PMID: 37645635 PMCID: PMC10460914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette use has dramatically increased over the last decade. With this recent technological development and wide range of constituents in various products, putative adverse effects on the brain and body have been largely unexplored. Here, we review current evidence linking electronic nicotine cigarette use with potential health consequences and provide evidence supporting an association between drug use and depression in humans. We also examine the biological effects of individual constituents in electronic cigarette aerosols, which include labeled ingredients, such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, nicotine, and flavorants, as well as unlabeled ingredients found in the aerosols, such as carbonyls and heavy metals. Lastly, we examine the effects of electronic cigarette use on endogenous metabolism via changes in cytochrome P450 enzymes, which can thereby impact therapeutic outcomes. While the current evidence offers insight into the potential effects of electronic cigarette use on biological processes, further studies are necessary to determine the long-term clinical relevance of aerosol inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christie D. Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Wen C. The risk profile of electronic nicotine delivery systems, compared to traditional cigarettes, on oral disease: a review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1146949. [PMID: 37255760 PMCID: PMC10226679 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1146949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has exploded, especially among teenagers and new smokers, amid widespread awareness of the dangers of traditional tobacco and restrictions on smoking. However, the risk effects of ENDS on physical health, especially oral health, are still ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to review the available evidence on risks of ENDS on oral health, and compares the differences between ENDS and traditional cigarettes. For heavy smokers, transferring the addiction of tobacco to ENDS can be less harmful to periodontal condition and physical health but is not completely without risk. The components of ENDS vapor have cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic properties, and its usage may be associated with a wide range of oral health sequelae. The chemicals in ENDS increase the susceptibility to tooth decay, increase the risk of periodontal disease, peri-implant, and oral mucosal lesions. Nicotine aerosols from ENDS can be a potential risk factor for oral cancer due to the presence of carcinogenic components. Compared to smoking traditional cigarettes, the harm associated with ENDS use may be underestimated due to the reduced ability to control vaping behavior, ease of ENDS access, fewer vaping area restrictions, and better taste. Currently, the available evidence suggests that ENDS may be a safer alternative to traditional tobacco products. Though most oral symptoms experienced by ENDS users are relatively mild and temporary compared to traditional cigarettes, the dangers of ENDS still exist. However, further research with longer follow-up periods is required to establish the long-term safety of ENDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Cai Wen
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of VIP Dental Service, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Echeveste Sanchez M, Quadir SG, Whindleton CM, Hoffman JL, Faccidomo SP, Guhr Lee TN, Esther CR, Hodge CW, Herman MA. The effects of electronic nicotine vapor on voluntary alcohol consumption in female and male C57BL/6 J mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 241:109676. [PMID: 36343590 PMCID: PMC9979979 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alcohol drinking and nicotine vaping often co-occur and dependence on both substances is common. However, the impact of nicotine vaping on alcohol consumption is not fully understood. METHODS We examined the effects of nicotine vaping on ethanol drinking in female and male C57BL/6 J mice using an electronic nicotine delivery system and intermittent access two-bottle choice (IA-2BC) drinking. Mice were exposed to electronic nicotine vapor (3%) or propylene glycol/vegetable glycerol (PG/VG) control for 3 h sessions daily for 4 weeks and voluntary alcohol consumption was monitored. Nicotine vapor exposure was stopped and voluntary alcohol drinking was measured for a 2 week abstinence period. We also examined the effects of alcohol and nicotine on locomotion, temperature, and nicotine metabolism. RESULTS Following acute nicotine vapor exposure, alcohol drinking was increased in males but not in females. Thermoregulation was disrupted following nicotine vapor exposure and voluntary drinking. Male and female mice displayed increased locomotor activity immediately following chronic nicotine vapor exposure, and an anxiolytic effect was seen in males. In nicotine vapor abstinence, female mice displayed increased alcohol consumption. Locomotor activity and anxiolytic effects remained elevated in male but not female mice. Female mice displayed higher levels of serum nicotine and hydroxycotinine, suggesting impaired metabolism following chronic drinking and nicotine vapor exposure. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that while both male and female ethanol-drinking mice experience the stimulatory effects of nicotine vapor, only in males is there a parallel increase in ethanol drinking and only females display impairments in nicotine metabolism after drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Echeveste Sanchez
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S G Quadir
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C M Whindleton
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J L Hoffman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - S P Faccidomo
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - T N Guhr Lee
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C R Esther
- Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C W Hodge
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M A Herman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tyler K, Geilman S, Bell DM, Taylor N, Honeycutt SC, Garrett PI, Hillhouse TM, Covey TM. Acyl Peptide Enzyme Hydrolase (APEH) activity is inhibited by lipid metabolites and peroxidation products. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109639. [PMID: 34508712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acyl Peptide Enzyme Hydrolase (APEH) activity is decreased in certain diseases but the mechanism and impact behind this loss in activity is not well understood. We hypothesized that lipid metabolites and lipid peroxidation products produced in inflammatory diseases may bind to and inhibit APEH activity. In vitro studies carried out in mammalian cell lysates, as well as with purified APEH protein, support our hypothesis that cellular lipid metabolites and lipid peroxidation products significantly decrease APEH activity. Enzymatic assays and molecular docking in silico analysis suggest that larger lipid metabolites are the best APEH inhibitors. APEH activity was measured in vivo in mice exposed to chronic e-cigarette vapor, as e-cigarettes are known to increase reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products. In support of our in vitro findings, APEH activity in our mouse model demonstrates decreased APEH activity in the brains of mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor. These results provide a novel mechanism by which APEH activity may be inhibited in disease states. Furthermore, APEH inhibition may contribute to disease development and progression in pathologies associated with redox imbalances and can potentially act as biomarker for oxidative stress in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Shelby Geilman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Deborah M Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Sarah C Honeycutt
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Patrick I Garrett
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI, USA
| | - Tracy M Covey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|