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Ma C, Wang J, Gao Y, Dong X, Feng H, Yang M, Yu Y, Liu C, Wu X, Qi Z, Mur LAJ, Magne K, Zou J, Hu Z, Tian Z, Su C, Ratet P, Chen Q, Xin D. The type III effector NopL interacts with GmREM1a and GmNFR5 to promote symbiosis in soybean. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5852. [PMID: 38992018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of symbiotic interactions between leguminous plants and rhizobia requires complex cellular programming activated by Rhizobium Nod factors (NFs) as well as type III effector (T3E)-mediated symbiotic signaling. However, the mechanisms by which different signals jointly affect symbiosis are still unclear. Here we describe the mechanisms mediating the cross-talk between the broad host range rhizobia Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 T3E Nodulation Outer Protein L (NopL) effector and NF signaling in soybean. NopL physically interacts with the Glycine max Remorin 1a (GmREM1a) and the NFs receptor NFR5 (GmNFR5) and promotes GmNFR5 recruitment by GmREM1a. Furthermore, NopL and NF influence the expression of GmRINRK1, a receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) ortholog of the Lotus RINRK1, that mediates NF signaling. Taken together, our work indicates that S. fredii NopL can interact with the NF signaling cascade components to promote the symbiotic interaction in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongkang Gao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xulun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haojie Feng
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyu Yu
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jianan Zou
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenbang Hu
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France.
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technologies and Systems, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- College of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth, UK.
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France.
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2
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Kim DS, Li Y, Ahn HK, Woods-Tör A, Cevik V, Furzer OJ, Ma W, Tör M, Jones JDG. ATR2 C ala2 from Arabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:330-344. [PMID: 38742296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Col-0 RPP2A and RPP2B confer recognition of Arabidopsis downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis [Hpa]) isolate Cala2, but the identity of the recognized ATR2Cala2 effector was unknown. To reveal ATR2Cala2, an F2 population was generated from a cross between Hpa-Cala2 and Hpa-Noks1. We identified ATR2Cala2 as a non-canonical RxLR-type effector that carries a signal peptide, a dEER motif, and WY domains but no RxLR motif. Recognition of ATR2Cala2 and its effector function were verified by biolistic bombardment, ectopic expression and Hpa infection. ATR2Cala2 is recognized in accession Col-0 but not in Ler-0 in which RPP2A and RPP2B are absent. In ATR2Emoy2 and ATR2Noks1 alleles, a frameshift results in an early stop codon. RPP2A and RPP2B are essential for the recognition of ATR2Cala2. Stable and transient expression of ATR2Cala2 under 35S promoter in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana enhances disease susceptibility. Two additional Col-0 TIR-NLR (TNL) genes (RPP2C and RPP2D) adjacent to RPP2A and RPP2B are quantitatively required for full resistance to Hpa-Cala2. We compared RPP2 haplotypes in multiple Arabidopsis accessions and showed that all four genes are present in all ATR2Cala2-recognizing accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yufei Li
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hee-Kyung Ahn
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alison Woods-Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Volkan Cevik
- Department of Life Sciences, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Oliver J Furzer
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mahmut Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
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3
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Liu R, Tan X, Wang Y, Lin F, Li P, Rahman FU, Sun L, Jiang J, Fan X, Liu C, Zhang Y. The cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK10 targeted by Coniella diplodiella effector CdE1 contributes to white rot resistance in grapevine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3026-3039. [PMID: 38318854 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Grape white rot is a devastating fungal disease caused by Coniella diplodiella. The pathogen delivers effectors into the host cell that target crucial immune components to facilitate its infection. Here, we examined a secreted effector of C. diplodiella, known as CdE1, which has been found to inhibit Bax-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The expression of CdE1 was induced at 12-48 h after inoculation with C. diplodiella, and the transient overexpression of CdE1 led to increased susceptibility of grapevine to the fungus. Subsequent experiments revealed an interaction between CdE1 and Vitis davidii cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase 10 (VdCRK10) and suppression of VdCRK10-mediated immunity against C. diplodiella, partially by decreasing the accumulation of VdCRK10 protein. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that CRK10 expression was significantly higher and was up-regulated in the resistant wild grapevine V. davidii during C. diplodiella infection. The activity of the VdCRK10 promoter is induced by C. diplodiella and is higher than that of Vitis vitifera VvCRK10, indicating the involvement of transcriptional regulation in CRK10 gene expression. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of VdCRK10 as a resistant gene for enhancing white rot resistance in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453400, China
| | - Xibei Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Jianfu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xiucai Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Chonghuai Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453400, China
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4
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Horton KN, Gassmann W. Greater than the sum of their parts: an overview of the AvrRps4 effector family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1400659. [PMID: 38799092 PMCID: PMC11116571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1400659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microbes use secreted effector proteins to increase their virulence in planta. If these effectors or the results of their activity are detected by the plant cell, the plant will mount an immune response which applies evolutionary pressure by reducing growth and success of the pathogen. Bacterial effector proteins in the AvrRps4 family (AvrRps4, HopK1, and XopO) have commonly been used as tools to investigate plant immune components. At the same time, the in planta functions of this family of effectors have yet to be fully characterized. In this minireview we summarize current knowledge about the AvrRps4 effector family with emphasis on properties of the proteins themselves. We hypothesize that the HopK1 C-terminus and the AvrRps4 C-terminus, though unrelated in sequence and structure, are broadly related in functions that counteract plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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5
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Pérez-Montaño F, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Tamir-Ariel D, Burdman S. Virulence-Related Assays for Investigation of the Acidovorax citrulli-Cucurbitaceae Pathosystem. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2751:81-94. [PMID: 38265711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3617-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Acidovorax citrulli is one of the most important pathogens of cucurbit crops, mainly melon and watermelon. Although A. citrulli is able to infect all aerial parts of the plant, fruits are highly sensitive to the bacterium. Therefore, the disease is known as bacterial fruit blotch (BFB). The unavailability of effective tools for managing BFB, including the lack of resistant varieties, exacerbates the threat this disease poses to the cucurbit industry. However, despite the economic importance of BFB, still little is known about basic aspects of A. citrulli-plant interactions. Here, we present diverse techniques that have recently been developed for investigation of basic aspects of BFB, including identification of virulence determinants of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dafna Tamir-Ariel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saul Burdman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Sonawane M, Eckshtain-Levi N, Tuang ZK, da Silva GM, Pérez-Montaño F, Leibman-Markus M, Gupta R, Noda-Garcia L, Bar M, Burdman S. Natural variation in a short region of the Acidovorax citrulli type III-secreted effector AopW1 is associated with differences in cytotoxicity and host adaptation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:516-540. [PMID: 37864805 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by Acidovorax citrulli, is a serious disease of melon and watermelon. The strains of the pathogen belong to two major genetic groups: group I strains are strongly associated with melon, while group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. A. citrulli secretes many protein effectors to the host cell via the type III secretion system. Here we characterized AopW1, an effector that shares similarity to the actin cytoskeleton-disrupting effector HopW1 of Pseudomonas syringae and with effectors from other plant-pathogenic bacterial species. AopW1 has a highly variable region (HVR) within amino acid positions 147 to 192, showing 14 amino acid differences between group I and II variants. We show that group I AopW1 is more toxic to yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana cells than group II AopW1, having stronger actin filament disruption activity, and increased ability to induce cell death and reduce callose deposition. We further demonstrated the importance of some amino acid positions within the HVR for AopW1 cytotoxicity. Cellular analyses revealed that AopW1 also localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and plant endosomes. We also show that overexpression of the endosome-associated protein EHD1 attenuates AopW1-induced cell death and increases defense responses. Finally, we show that sequence variation in AopW1 plays a significant role in the adaptation of group I and II strains to their preferred hosts, melon and watermelon, respectively. This study provides new insights into the HopW1 family of bacterial effectors and provides first evidence on the involvement of EHD1 in response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Monica Sonawane
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Eckshtain-Levi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Za Khai Tuang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gustavo Mateus da Silva
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francisco Pérez-Montaño
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Lianet Noda-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Saul Burdman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Jiménez‐Guerrero I, López‐Baena FJ, Borrero‐de Acuña JM, Pérez‐Montaño F. Membrane vesicle engineering with "à la carte" bacterial-immunogenic molecules for organism-free plant vaccination. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2223-2235. [PMID: 37530752 PMCID: PMC10686165 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Nations heralds a world population exponential increase exceeding 9.7 billion by 2050. This poses the challenge of covering the nutritional needs of an overpopulated world by the hand of preserving the environment. Extensive agriculture practices harnessed the employment of fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop productivity and prevent economic and harvest yield losses attributed to plagues and diseases. Unfortunately, the concomitant hazardous effects stemmed from such agriculture techniques are cumbersome, that is, biodiversity loss, soils and waters contaminations, and human and animal poisoning. Hence, the so-called 'green agriculture' research revolves around designing novel biopesticides and plant growth-promoting bio-agents to the end of curbing the detrimental effects. In this field, microbe-plant interactions studies offer multiple possibilities for reshaping the plant holobiont physiology to its benefit. Along these lines, bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles emerge as an appealing molecular tool to capitalize on. These nanoparticles convey a manifold of molecules that mediate intricate bacteria-plant interactions including plant immunomodulation. Herein, we bring into the spotlight bacterial extracellular membrane vesicle engineering to encase immunomodulatory effectors into their cargo for their application as biocontrol agents. The overarching goal is achieving plant priming by deploying its innate immune responses thereby preventing upcoming infections.
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8
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Wang X, He L, Zhang YQ, Tian H, He M, Herron AN, Cui ZN. Innovative Strategy for the Control of Citrus Canker: Inhibitors Targeting the Type III Secretion System of Xanthomonas citri Subsp. citri. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15971-15980. [PMID: 37831979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
To find potential type III secretion system (T3SS) inhibitors against citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), a new series of 5-phenyl-2-furan carboxylic acid derivatives stitched with 2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were designed and synthesized. Among the 30 compounds synthesized, 14 compounds significantly inhibited the promoter activity of a harpin gene hpa1. Eight of the 14 compounds did not affect the growth of Xcc, but significantly reduced the hypersensitive response (HR) of tobacco and decreased the pathogenicity of Xcc on citrus plants. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that these inhibitory molecules effectively suppress the T3SS of Xcc and significantly impair the pathogen's ability to subvert citrus immunity, resulting in a reduction in the level of disease progression. As a result, our work has identified a series of potentially attractive agents for the control of citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | - Zi-Ning Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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9
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Yu H, Wu X, Liang J, Han Z, Xiao Y, Du H, Liu Y, Guo J, Peng F. Genome-wide identification of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes and their association with green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) resistance in peach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:513. [PMID: 37880593 PMCID: PMC10598982 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Resistance genes (R genes) are a class of genes that are immune to a wide range of diseases and pests. In planta, NLR genes are essential components of the innate immune system. Currently, genes belonging to NLR family have been found in a number of plant species, but little is known in peach. Here, 286 NLR genes were identified on peach genome by using their homologous genes in Arabidopsis thaliana as queries. These 286 NLR genes contained at least one NBS domain and LRR domain. Phylogenetic and N-terminal domain analysis showed that these NLRs could be separated into four subfamilies (I-IV) and their promoters contained many cis-elements in response to defense and phytohormones. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that 22 NLR genes were up-regulated after infected by Green Peach Aphid (GPA), and showed different expression patterns. This study clarified the NLR gene family and their potential functions in aphid resistance process. The candidate NLR genes might be useful in illustrating the mechanism of aphid resistance in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ziying Han
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Futian Peng
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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10
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Rufián JS, Rueda-Blanco J, Beuzón CR, Ruiz-Albert J. Suppression of NLR-mediated plant immune detection by bacterial pathogens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6069-6088. [PMID: 37429579 PMCID: PMC10575702 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is constituted of two functionally interdependent branches that provide the plant with an effective defense against microbial pathogens. They can be considered separate since one detects extracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns by means of receptors on the plant surface, while the other detects pathogen-secreted virulence effectors via intracellular receptors. Plant defense depending on both branches can be effectively suppressed by host-adapted microbial pathogens. In this review we focus on bacterially driven suppression of the latter, known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and dependent on diverse NOD-like receptors (NLRs). We examine how some effectors secreted by pathogenic bacteria carrying type III secretion systems can be subject to specific NLR-mediated detection, which can be evaded by the action of additional co-secreted effectors (suppressors), implying that virulence depends on the coordinated action of the whole repertoire of effectors of any given bacterium and their complex epistatic interactions within the plant. We consider how ETI activation can be avoided by using suppressors to directly alter compromised co-secreted effectors, modify plant defense-associated proteins, or occasionally both. We also comment on the potential assembly within the plant cell of multi-protein complexes comprising both bacterial effectors and defense protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rufián
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Depto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Málaga, Spain
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11
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Mostert I, Bester R, Burger JT, Maree HJ. Investigating Protein-Protein Interactions Between Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 and Vitis vinifera. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1994-2005. [PMID: 37311734 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0107-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is a globally important disease that affects the metabolic composition and biomass of grapes, leading to a reduction in grape yield and quality of wine produced. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is the main causal agent for GLD. This study aimed to identify protein-protein interactions between GLRaV-3 and its host. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library was constructed from Vitis vinifera mRNA and screened against GLRaV-3 open reading frames encoding structural proteins and those potentially involved in systemic spread and silencing of host defense mechanisms. Five interacting protein pairs were identified, three of which were demonstrated in planta. The minor coat protein of GLRaV-3 was shown to interact with 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase 02, a protein involved in primary carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Interactions were also identified between GLRaV-3 p20A and an 18.1-kDa class I small heat shock protein, as well as MAP3K epsilon protein kinase 1. Both proteins are involved in the response of plants to various stressors, including pathogen infections. Two additional proteins, chlorophyll a-b binding protein CP26 and a SMAX1-LIKE 6 protein, were identified as interacting with p20A in yeast but these interactions could not be demonstrated in planta. The findings of this study advance our understanding of the functions of GLRaV-3-encoded proteins and how the interaction between these proteins and those of V. vinifera could lead to GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilani Mostert
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Rachelle Bester
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Johan T Burger
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Hans J Maree
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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12
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Iakovidis M, Chung EH, Saile SC, Sauberzweig E, El Kasmi F. The emerging frontier of plant immunity's core hubs. FEBS J 2023; 290:3311-3335. [PMID: 35668694 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing world population, increasingly frequent extreme weather events and conditions, emergence of novel devastating crop pathogens and the social strive for quality food products represent a huge challenge for current and future agricultural production systems. To address these challenges and find realistic solutions, it is becoming more important by the day to understand the complex interactions between plants and the environment, mainly the associated organisms, but in particular pathogens. In the past several years, research in the fields of plant pathology and plant-microbe interactions has enabled tremendous progress in understanding how certain receptor-based plant innate immune systems function to successfully prevent infections and diseases. In this review, we highlight and discuss some of these new ground-breaking discoveries and point out strategies of how pathogens counteract the function of important core convergence hubs of the plant immune system. For practical reasons, we specifically place emphasis on potential applications that can be detracted by such discoveries and what challenges the future of agriculture has to face, but also how these challenges could be tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Iakovidis
- Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Mediterranean Agricultural Institute of Chania, Greece
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Svenja C Saile
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Sauberzweig
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farid El Kasmi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Miranda RP, Turrini PCG, Bonadio DT, Zerillo MM, Berselli AP, Creste S, Van Sluys MA. Genome Organization of Four Brazilian Xanthomonas albilineans Strains Does Not Correlate with Aggressiveness. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0280222. [PMID: 37052486 PMCID: PMC10269729 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02802-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrative approach combining genomics, transcriptomics, and cell biology is presented to address leaf scald disease, a major problem for the sugarcane industry. To gain insight into the biology of the causal agent, the complete genome sequences of four Brazilian Xanthomonas albilineans strains with differing virulence capabilities are presented and compared to the GPEPC73 reference strain and FJ1. Based on the aggressiveness index, different strains were compared: Xa04 and Xa11 are highly aggressive, Xa26 is intermediate, and Xa21 is the least, while, based on genome structure, Xa04 shares most of its genomic features with Xa26, and Xa11 share most of its genomic features with Xa21. In addition to presenting more clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) clusters, four more novel prophage insertions are present than the previously sequenced GPEPC73 and FJ1 strains. Incorporating the aggressiveness index and in vitro cell biology into these genome features indicates that disease establishment is not a result of a single determinant factor, as in most other Xanthomonas species. The Brazilian strains lack the previously described plasmids but present more prophage regions. In pairs, the most virulent and the least virulent share unique prophages. In vitro transcriptomics shed light on the 54 most highly expressed genes among the 4 strains compared to ribosomal proteins (RPs), of these, 3 outer membrane proteins. Finally, comparative albicidin inhibition rings and in vitro growth curves of the four strains also do not correlate with pathogenicity. In conclusion, the results disclose that leaf scald disease is not associated with a single shared characteristic between the most or the least pathogenic strains. IMPORTANCE An integrative approach is presented which combines genomics, transcriptomics, and cell biology to address leaf scald disease. The results presented here disclose that the disease is not associated with a single shared characteristic between the most pathogenic strains or a unique genomic pattern. Sequence data from four Brazilian strains are presented that differ in pathogenicity index: Xa04 and Xa11 are highly virulent, Xa26 is intermediate, and Xa21 is the least pathogenic strain, while, based on genome structure, Xa04 shares with Xa26, and Xa11 shares with X21 most of the genome features. Other than presenting more CRISPR clusters and prophages than the previously sequenced strains, the integration of aggressiveness and cell biology points out that disease establishment is not a result of a single determinant factor as in other xanthomonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P. Miranda
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula C. G. Turrini
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora T. Bonadio
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Zerillo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur P. Berselli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Van Sluys
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butanta, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Manna M, Rengasamy B, Sinha AK. Revisiting the role of MAPK signalling pathway in plants and its manipulation for crop improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 37157977 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress adaptation. Being a central metabolic pathway, it is a vital target for manipulation for crop improvement. In this review, we have summarised recent advancements in understanding involvement of MAPK signalling in modulating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, architecture and yield of plants. MAPK signalling cross talks with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling events in bringing about abiotic stress adaptation in plants. The intricate involvement of MAPK pathway with plant's pathogen defence ability has also been identified. Further, recent research findings point towards participation of MAPK signalling in shaping plant architecture and yield. These make MAPK pathway an important target for crop improvement and we discuss here various strategies to tweak MAPK signalling components for designing future crops with improved physiology and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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15
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Li S, Shi T, Lyu M, Wang R, Xu A, Chen L, Luo R, Sun Y, Guo X, Liu J, Wang H, Gao Y. Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana Gene SAD2 in Response to Infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044229. [PMID: 36835638 PMCID: PMC9963955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors play key roles in the nuclear translocation of disease resistance proteins, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene SAD2 encodes an importin β-like protein. A transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing SAD2 (OESAD2/Col-0) showed obvious resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) compared to the wild type (Col-0), but the knockout mutant sad2-5 was susceptible. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on Col-0, OESAD2/Col-0, and sad2-5 leaves at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days post-inoculation with Pst DC3000. A total of 1825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as putative biotic stress defense genes regulated by SAD2, 45 of which overlapped between the SAD2 knockout and overexpression datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were broadly involved in single-organism cellular metabolic processes and in response to stimulatory stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathway analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other specialized metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed that a large number of ERF/AP2, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were involved in SAD2-mediated plant disease resistance. These results provide a basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanisms associated with SAD2-mediated disease resistance and establish a set of key candidate disease resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andi Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Rong Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Y.G.)
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16
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St. Louis BM, Quagliato SM, Lee PC. Bacterial effector kinases and strategies to identify their target host substrates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113021. [PMID: 36846793 PMCID: PMC9950578 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical in regulating protein function by altering chemical characteristics of proteins. Phosphorylation is an integral PTM, catalyzed by kinases and reversibly removed by phosphatases, that modulates many cellular processes in response to stimuli in all living organisms. Consequently, bacterial pathogens have evolved to secrete effectors capable of manipulating host phosphorylation pathways as a common infection strategy. Given the importance of protein phosphorylation in infection, recent advances in sequence and structural homology search have significantly expanded the discovery of a multitude of bacterial effectors with kinase activity in pathogenic bacteria. Although challenges exist due to complexity of phosphorylation networks in host cells and transient interactions between kinases and substrates, approaches are continuously being developed and applied to identify bacterial effector kinases and their host substrates. In this review, we illustrate the importance of exploiting phosphorylation in host cells by bacterial pathogens via the action of effector kinases and how these effector kinases contribute to virulence through the manipulation of diverse host signaling pathways. We also highlight recent developments in the identification of bacterial effector kinases and a variety of techniques to characterize kinase-substrate interactions in host cells. Identification of host substrates provides new insights for regulation of host signaling during microbial infection and may serve as foundation for developing interventions to treat infection by blocking the activity of secreted effector kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn M. St. Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sydney M. Quagliato
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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17
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Gowda SA, Shrestha N, Harris TM, Phillips AZ, Fang H, Sood S, Zhang K, Bourland F, Bart R, Kuraparthy V. Identification and genomic characterization of major effect bacterial blight resistance locus (BB-13) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:4421-4436. [PMID: 36208320 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification and genomic characterization of major resistance locus against cotton bacterial blight (CBB) using GWAS and linkage mapping to enable genomics-based development of durable CBB resistance and gene discovery in cotton. Cotton bacterial leaf blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), has periodically been a damaging disease in the USA. Identification and deployment of genetic resistance in cotton cultivars is the most economical and efficient means of reducing crop losses due to CBB. In the current study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CBB resistance using an elite diversity panel of 380 accessions, genotyped with the cotton single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 63 K array, and phenotyped with race-18 of CBB, localized the CBB resistance to a 2.01-Mb region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Molecular genetic mapping using an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population showed the CBB resistance in cultivar Arkot 8102 was controlled by a single locus (BB-13). The BB-13 locus was mapped within the 0.95-cM interval near the telomeric region in the long arm of chromosome D02. Flanking SNP markers, i04890Gh and i04907Gh of the BB-13 locus, identified from the combined linkage analysis and GWAS, targeted it to a 371-Kb genomic region. Candidate gene analysis identified thirty putative gene sequences in the targeted genomic region. Nine of these putative genes and two NBS-LRR genes adjacent to the targeted region were putatively involved in plant disease resistance and are possible candidate genes for BB-13 locus. Genetic mapping and genomic targeting of the BB13 locus in the current study will help in cloning the CBB-resistant gene and establishing the molecular genetic architecture of the BB-13 locus towards developing durable resistance to CBB in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anjan Gowda
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Navin Shrestha
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Taylor M Harris
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
- Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne Z Phillips
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kuang Zhang
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fred Bourland
- NE Research & Extension Center, Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Keiser, AR, 72351, USA
| | - Rebecca Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Vasu Kuraparthy
- Crop & Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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18
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Effector-Dependent and -Independent Molecular Mechanisms of Soybean-Microbe Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214184. [PMID: 36430663 PMCID: PMC9695568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a pivotal staple crop worldwide, supplying the main food and feed plant proteins in some countries. In addition to interacting with mutualistic microbes, soybean also needs to protect itself against pathogens. However, to grow inside plant tissues, plant defense mechanisms ranging from passive barriers to induced defense reactions have to be overcome. Pathogenic but also symbiotic micro-organisms effectors can be delivered into the host cell by secretion systems and can interfere with the immunity system and disrupt cellular processes. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of the interaction between secreted effectors and soybean feedback mechanism and uncovers the conserved and special signaling pathway induced by pathogenic soybean cyst nematode, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas as well as by symbiotic rhizobium.
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19
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Liang D, Yu J, Song T, Zhang R, Du Y, Yu M, Cao H, Pan X, Qiao J, Liu Y, Qi Z, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Prediction and Analysis of Oryza Species NRP Genes in Rice Blast Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911967. [PMID: 36233270 PMCID: PMC9569735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the N-rich proteins (NRPs) gene family play important roles in the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress in response, which can be triggered by plant pathogens’ infection. Previous studies of the NRP gene family have been limited to only a few plants, such as soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, their evolutionary characteristics in the Oryza species and biological functions in rice defense against the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae have remained unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrated that the NRP genes family may have originated in the early stages of plant evolution, and that they have been strongly conserved during the evolution of the Oryza species. Domain organization of NRPs was found to be highly conserved within but not between subgroups. OsNRP1, an NRP gene in the Oryza sativa japonica group, was specifically up-regulated during the early stages of rice-M. oryzae interactions-inhibited M. oryzae infection. Predicted protein-protein interaction networks and transcription-factor binding sites revealed a candidate interactor, bZIP50, which may be involved in OsNRP1-mediated rice resistance against M. oryzae infection. Taken together, our results established a basis for future studies of the NRP gene family and provided molecular insights into rice immune responses to M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, China
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20
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Kang H, Fan T, Wu J, Zhu Y, Shen WH. Histone modification and chromatin remodeling in plant response to pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986940. [PMID: 36262654 PMCID: PMC9574397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to changing environments frequently under diverse stresses. Invasion by pathogens, including virus, bacterial and fungal infections, can severely impede plant growth and development, causing important yield loss and thus challenging food/feed security worldwide. During evolution, plants have adapted complex systems, including coordinated global gene expression networks, to defend against pathogen attacks. In recent years, growing evidences indicate that pathogen infections can trigger local and global epigenetic changes that reprogram the transcription of plant defense genes, which in turn helps plants to fight against pathogens. Here, we summarize up plant defense pathways and epigenetic mechanisms and we review in depth current knowledge's about histone modifications and chromatin-remodeling factors found in the epigenetic regulation of plant response to biotic stresses. It is anticipated that epigenetic mechanisms may be explorable in the design of tools to generate stress-resistant plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tianyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Li R, Chen S, Li Y, Chen X, Ye BC. Development of a "Turn off-on" whole-cell biosensor for sulforaphane detection based on the ultrasensitive activator HrpRS. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:798-810. [PMID: 36070874 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a defense secondary metabolite, can be used to predict the health status of plants and also has pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The detection of SFN is therefore of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, a "Turn off" whole-cell biosensor that can rapidly and robustly respond to the presence of SFN was constructed based on the orthogonal genetic components (hrpR, hrpS, and PhrpL ) of Pseudomonas syringae (PS). The final optimized biosensor, p114(30R-30S), was able to inhibit 91.7% of the fluorescence intensity in the presence of 100-μM SFN. Subsequently, a HrpRS-regulated OFF-ON genetic switch was designed by reconstituting a reverse σ70 promoter on the σ54 -PhrpL promoter sequence; this was coupled with dual-color reporter genes to construct a "Turn off-on" whole-cell SFN biosensor. The PhrpLB variant increased the expression of green fluorescence a factor of 11.9 and reduced the expression of red fluorescence by 85.8% compared with the system in the absence of SFN. Thus, a robust switching of signal output from "turn off" to "turn on" was realized. In addition, the biosensor showed good linearity in the SFN concentration ranges of 0.1-10 μM (R2 = 0.99429) and 10-100 μM (R2 = 0.99465) and a detection limit of ⁓0.1 μM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shengyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.,Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.,Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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22
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Basu S, Huynh L, Zhang S, Rabara R, Nguyen H, Velásquez Guzmán J, Hao G, Miles G, Shi Q, Stover E, Gupta G. Two Liberibacter Proteins Combine to Suppress Critical Innate Immune Defenses in Citrus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869178. [PMID: 35586217 PMCID: PMC9108871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We adopted a systems-based approach to determine the role of two Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) proteins, LasP 235 and Effector 3, in Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogenesis. While a published work suggests the involvement of these CLas proteins HLB pathogenesis, the exact structure-based mechanism of their action has not been elucidated. We conducted the following experiments to determine the structure-based mechanisms of action. First, we immunoprecipitated the interacting citrus protein partners of LasP 235 and Effector 3 from the healthy and CLas-infected Hamlin extracts and identified them by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Second, we performed a split green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay in tobacco to validate that the interactions observed in vitro are also retained in planta. The notable in planta citrus targets of LasP 235 and Effector 3 include citrus innate immune proteins. Third, in vitro and in planta studies were performed to show that LasP 235 and Effector 3 interact with and inhibit the functions of multiple citrus proteins belonging to the innate immune pathways. These inhibitory interactions led to a high level of reactive oxygen species, blocking of bactericidal lipid transfer protein (LTP), and induction of premature programed cell death (PCD), all of which are beneficial to CLas lifecycle and HLB pathogenesis. Finally, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to visualize the interactions of LasP 235 and Effector 3, respectively, with LTP and Kunitz protease inhibitor. This led to the design of an LTP mimic, which sequestered and blocked LasP 235 and rescued the bactericidal activity of LTP thereby proving that LasP 235 , indeed, participates in HLB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Basu
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Loan Huynh
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Shujian Zhang
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Roel Rabara
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Hau Nguyen
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Guixia Hao
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Godfrey Miles
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Qingchun Shi
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Ed Stover
- Horticulture and Breeding, U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Goutam Gupta
- Biolab, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, United States
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23
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Chen D, Zhong X, Cui J, Li H, Han R, Yue X, Xie J, Kang J. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolates BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 Provides Novel Insights Into Their Genetic Variability and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:833318. [PMID: 35308372 PMCID: PMC8924526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.833318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rot is a disease that has a severe impact on cabbage yield and quality in China. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot of Brassicaceae crops. So far, the whole genomic sequences of more than 30 Xcc isolates have been sequenced; however, little information about genomic variability and virulence has been reported. In this study, 12 Xcc isolates were isolated from diseased cabbage leaves in seven Chinese provinces and two municipalities from July 2019 to November 2020. Pathogenicity analysis showed that isolate GSXT20191014 was more aggressive than BJSJQ20200612 and HRIW 3811 on cabbage inbred line 1371. Both BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 were sequenced and comparatively analyzed. The results showed that BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 have a single circular chromosome comprising 5,115,975 and 4,975,682 bp, respectively. Compared to the other six sequenced strains, 26 and 47 variable genomic regions were found in BJSJQ2020061 and GSXT20191014 genomic sequences, respectively. The variable genomic regions could be responsible for the genetic variation in Xcc strains and have led to the differences in type III secreted effector repertoires, virulence factors and secreted proteins between these two strains. Among the identified secreted proteins, two copies of peptidase S8/S53 were found in GSXT20191014-specific chromosomal segments. The common effectors xopR, xopH, avrBs1, and xopAH are found in most Xcc genomes, but they are absent in the GSXT20191014 genome. Variations in the composition of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) may aid GSXT20191014 isolate infections to evade recognition by the host immune system. Our results revealed a direct correlation between genomic variability and Xcc virulence. We also developed several markers for detecting BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 isolates and further tested the rest of our other 10 isolates. Finally, the isolated Xcc strains were classified into three genetic subgroups by specific molecular markers and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. BJSJQ20200612 and GSXT20191014 isolates were also classified into two subgroups of Xcc according to the core-genome-based phylogenetic tree. This study extended our understanding of Xcc genomic features and provided the foundation to further characterize the mechanisms for Xcc virulence and a clue for black rot resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xionghui Zhong
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqing Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jungen Kang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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24
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Chen X, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Tang L, Huang S, Mo J, Guo T. Genome Resource of a Hypervirulent Strain C9-3 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:741-744. [PMID: 34598657 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1565-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight, one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Here, a hypervirulent strain, C9-3, defeating Xa1, Xa10, xa13, and Xa23 resistance genes, was used to extract genomic DNA for single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. After assembly, the genome consists of a single-circular chromosome with the size of 4,924,298 bp with G+C content of 63.7% and contains 4,715 genes. Annotation and analysis of the TALE genes using a suite of applications named AnnoTALE suggested that 17 transcription activator-like effectors, including 15 typical TALEs and 2 iTALEs/truncTALEs, were encoded in the genome. The approach and genome resource will contribute to the discovery of new virulence effectors and understanding on rice-X. oryzae pv. oryzae interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Qili Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianyou Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Tangxun Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
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25
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xia L, Chen L, Liao Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Gong W, Tian Y, Hu B. yggS Encoding Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Binding Protein Is Required for Acidovorax citrulli Virulence. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:783862. [PMID: 35087487 PMCID: PMC8787154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by seed-borne pathogen Acidovorax citrulli, poses a serious threat to the production of cucurbits globally. Although the disease can cause substantial economic losses, limited information is available about the molecular mechanisms of virulence. This study identified that, a random transposon insertion mutant impaired in the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response on tobacco. The disrupted gene in this mutant was determined to be Aave_0638, which is predicted to encode a YggS family pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme. YggS is a highly conserved protein among multiple organisms, and is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and amino acids in cells. yggS deletion mutant of A. citrulli strain XjL12 displayed attenuated virulence, delayed hypersensitive response, less tolerance to H2O2 and pyridoxine, increased sensitivity to antibiotic β-chloro-D-alanine, and reduced swimming. In addition, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that yggS was involved in regulating the expression of certain pathogenicity-associated genes related to secretion, motility, quorum sensing and oxidative stress response. Importantly, YggS significantly affected type III secretion system and its effectors in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that YggS is indispensable for A.citrulli virulence and expands the role of YggS in the biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Wang
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Xia
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Liao
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baohui Chen
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weirong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Tian
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baishi Hu
- College of Plant Protection and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Weber KC, Mahmoud LM, Stanton D, Welker S, Qiu W, Grosser JW, Levy A, Dutt M. Insights into the mechanism of Huanglongbing tolerance in the Australian finger lime ( Citrus australasica). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1019295. [PMID: 36340410 PMCID: PMC9634478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1019295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica) is tolerant to Huanglongbing (HLB; Citrus greening). This species can be utilized to develop HLB tolerant citrus cultivars through conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches. In this report, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomic data following a non-choice infection assay to understand the CaLas tolerance mechanisms in the finger lime. After filtering 3,768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2,396 were downregulated and 1,372 were upregulated in CaLas-infected finger lime compared to CaLas-infected HLB-susceptible 'Valencia' sweet orange. Comparative analyses revealed several DEGs belonging to cell wall, β-glucanase, proteolysis, R genes, signaling, redox state, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, secondary metabolites, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins categories. Our results indicate that the finger lime has evolved specific redox control systems to mitigate the reactive oxygen species and modulate the plant defense response. We also identified candidate genes responsible for the production of Cys-rich secretory proteins and Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1-like) proteins that are highly upregulated in infected finger lime relative to noninfected and infected 'Valencia' sweet orange. Additionally, the anatomical analysis of phloem and stem tissues in finger lime and 'Valencia' suggested better regeneration of phloem tissues in finger lime in response to HLB infection. Analysis of callose formation following infection revealed a significant difference in the production of callose plugs between the stem phloem of CaLas+ 'Valencia' sweet orange and finger lime. Understanding the mechanism of resistance will help the scientific community design strategies to protect trees from CaLas infection and assist citrus breeders in developing durable HLB tolerant citrus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Weber
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Stacy Welker
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Wenming Qiu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Manjul Dutt,
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27
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Shao WB, Wang PY, Fang ZM, Wang JJ, Guo DX, Ji J, Zhou X, Qi PY, Liu LW, Yang S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-Triazole Thioethers as Both Potential Virulence Factor Inhibitors against Plant Bacterial Diseases and Agricultural Antiviral Agents against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infections. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15108-15122. [PMID: 34905356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the virulence factors of phytopathogenic bacteria is an innovative strategy for alleviating or eliminating the pathogenicity and rapid outbreak of plant microbial diseases. Therefore, several types of 1,2,4-triazole thioethers bearing an amide linkage were prepared and screened to develop virulence factor inhibitors. Besides, the 1,2,4-triazole scaffold was exchanged by a versatile 1,3,4-oxadiazole core to expand molecular diversity. Bioassay results revealed that a 1,2,4-triazole thioether A10 bearing a privileged N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide fragment was extremely bioactive against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) with an EC50 value of 5.01 μg/mL. Label-free quantitative proteomics found that compound A10 could significantly downregulate the expression of Xoo's type III secretion system (T3SS) and transcription activator-like effector (TALE) correlative proteins. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR detection revealed that the corresponding gene transcription levels of these virulence factor-associated proteins were substantially inhibited after being triggered by compound A10. As a result, the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity were strongly depressed, indicating that a novel virulence factor inhibitor (A10) was probably discovered. In vivo anti-Xoo trials displayed that compound A10 yielded practicable control efficiency (54.2-59.6%), which was superior to thiadiazole-copper and bismerthiazol (38.1-44.9%). Additionally, compound A10 showed an appreciable antiviral activity toward tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with the curative and protective activities of 54.6 and 76.4%, respectively, which were comparable to ningnanmycin (55.2 and 60.9%). This effect was further validated and visualized by the inoculation test using GFP-labeled TMV, thereby leading to the reduced biosynthesis of green-fluorescent TMV on Nicotiana benthamiana. Given the outstanding features of compound A10, it should be deeply developed as a versatile agricultural chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zi-Mian Fang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jin-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deng-Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jin Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pu-Ying Qi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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28
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Sophiarani Y, Chakraborty S. Prediction of microRNAs in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and their potential target prediction in Solanum lycopersicum. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Gallé Á, Czékus Z, Tóth L, Galgóczy L, Poór P. Pest and disease management by red light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3197-3210. [PMID: 34191305 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for plant life. It provides a source of energy through photosynthesis and regulates plant growth and development and other cellular processes, such as by controlling the endogenous circadian clock. Light intensity, quality, duration and timing are all important determinants of plant responses, especially to biotic stress. Red light can positively influence plant defence mechanisms against different pathogens, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the impact of red light on plant biotic stress responses against viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes, with a focus on the physiological effects of red light treatment and hormonal crosstalk under biotic stress in plants. We found evidence suggesting that exposing plants to red light increases levels of salicylic acid (SA) and induces SA signalling mediating the production of reactive oxygen species, with substantial differences between species and plant organs. Such changes in SA levels could be vital for plants to survive infections. Therefore, the application of red light provides a multidimensional aspect to developing innovative and environmentally friendly approaches to plant and crop disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Gallé
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Liliána Tóth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Galgóczy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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30
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Moreno-Pérez A, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Moreno L. HrpL Regulon of Bacterial Pathogen of Woody Host Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071447. [PMID: 34361883 PMCID: PMC8303149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas savastanoi species comprises a group of phytopathogenic bacteria that cause symptoms of disease in woody hosts. This is mediated by the rapid activation of a pool of virulence factors that suppress host defences and hijack the host’s metabolism to the pathogen’s benefit. The hrpL gene encodes an essential transcriptional regulator of virulence functions, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we analyzed the contribution of HrpL to the virulence of four pathovars (pv.) of P. savastanoi isolated from different woody hosts (oleander, ash, broom, and dipladenia) and characterized the HrpL regulon of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi NCPPB 3335 using two approaches: whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and the bioinformatic prediction of candidate genes containing an hrp-box. Pathogenicity tests carried out for the P. savastanoi pvs. showed that HrpL was essential for symptom development in both non-host and host plants. The RNA-seq analysis of the HrpL regulon in P. savastanoi revealed a total of 53 deregulated genes, 49 of which were downregulated in the ΔhrpL mutant. Bioinformatic prediction resulted in the identification of 50 putative genes containing an hrp-box, 16 of which were shared with genes previously identified by RNA-seq. Although most of the genes regulated by HrpL belonged to the T3SS, we also identified some genes regulated by HrpL that could encode potential virulence factors in P. savastanoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Moreno-Pérez
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.R.-M.); Tel.: +34-952-132-146 (C.R.); +34-952-132-131 (L.R.-M.)
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Teatinos s/n, Universidad de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Microbiología y Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea «La Mayora», Extensión Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), E-29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (L.R.-M.); Tel.: +34-952-132-146 (C.R.); +34-952-132-131 (L.R.-M.)
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31
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Luo D, Huguet-Tapia JC, Raborn RT, White FF, Brendel VP, Yang B. The Xa7 resistance gene guards the rice susceptibility gene SWEET14 against exploitation by the bacterial blight pathogen. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100164. [PMID: 34027391 PMCID: PMC8132128 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many plant disease resistance (R) genes function specifically in reaction to the presence of cognate effectors from a pathogen. Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) uses transcription activator-like effectors (TALes) to target specific rice genes for expression, thereby promoting host susceptibility to bacterial blight. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Xa7, the cognate R gene to the TALes AvrXa7 and PthXo3, which target the rice major susceptibility gene SWEET14. Xa7 was mapped to a unique 74-kb region. Gene expression analysis of the region revealed a candidate gene that contained a putative AvrXa7 effector binding element (EBE) in its promoter and encoded a 113-amino-acid peptide of unknown function. Genome editing at the Xa7 locus rendered the plants susceptible to avrXa7-carrying Xoo strains. Both AvrXa7 and PthXo3 activated a GUS reporter gene fused with the EBE-containing Xa7 promoter in Nicotiana benthamiana. The EBE of Xa7 is a close mimic of the EBE of SWEET14 for TALe-induced disease susceptibility. Ectopic expression of Xa7 triggers cell death in N. benthamiana. Xa7 is prevalent in indica rice accessions from 3000 rice genomes. Xa7 appears to be an adaptation that protects against pathogen exploitation of SWEET14 and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangping Luo
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jose C. Huguet-Tapia
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R. Taylor Raborn
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Current address: Biodesign Institute Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Frank F. White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Volker P. Brendel
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Corresponding author
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Hussain A, Noman A, Arif M, Farooq S, Khan MI, Cheng P, Qari SH, Anwar M, Hashem M, Ashraf MF, Alamri S, Adnan M, Khalofah A, Al-Zoubi OM, Ansari MJ, Khan KA, Sun Y. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor CabHLH113 positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104909. [PMID: 33964418 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pepper's (Capsicum annum) response to bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearm inoculation (RSI) and abiotic stresses is known to be synchronized by transcriptional network; however, related molecular mechanisms need extensive experimentation. We identified and characterized functions of CabHLH113 -a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-in pepper immunity to R. solanacearum infection. The RSI and foliar spray of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ETH), and absicic acid (ABA) induced transcription of CabHLH113 in pepper. Loss of function of CabHLH113 by virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) compromised defense of pepper plants against RSI and suppressed relative expression levels of immunity-associated marker genes, i.e., CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Pathogen growth was significantly increased after loss of function of CabHLH113 compared with un-silenced plants with remarkable increase in pepper susceptibility. Besides, transiently over-expression of CabHLH113 induced HR-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation and up-regulation of defense-associated marker genes, e.g. CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Additionally, transient over-expression of CabHLH113 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CabHLH113. Collectively, our results indicate that newly characterized CabHLH113 has novel defense functions in pepper immunity against RSI via triggering HR-like cell death and cellular levels of defense linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al - Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
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Veley KM, Okwuonu I, Jensen G, Yoder M, Taylor NJ, Meyers BC, Bart RS. Gene tagging via CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair in cassava. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab028. [PMID: 33855431 PMCID: PMC8049417 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research on a few model plant-pathogen systems has benefitted from years of tool and resource development. This is not the case for the vast majority of economically and nutritionally important plants, creating a crop improvement bottleneck. Cassava bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam), is an important disease in all regions where cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is grown. Here, we describe the development of cassava that can be used to visualize one of the initial steps of CBB infection in vivo. Using CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR), we generated plants containing scarless insertion of GFP at the 3' end of CBB susceptibility (S) gene MeSWEET10a. Activation of MeSWEET10a-GFP by the transcription activator-like (TAL) effector TAL20 was subsequently visualized at transcriptional and translational levels. To our knowledge, this is the first such demonstration of HDR via gene editing in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira M Veley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Ihuoma Okwuonu
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Greg Jensen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Marisa Yoder
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Nigel J Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
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Xu X, Xu Z, Ma W, Haq F, Li Y, Shah SMA, Zhu B, Zhu C, Zou L, Chen G. TALE-triggered and iTALE-suppressed Xa1-mediated resistance to bacterial blight is independent of rice transcription factor subunits OsTFIIAγ1 or OsTFIIAγ5. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3249-3262. [PMID: 33544818 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xa1-mediated resistance to rice bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is triggered by transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and suppressed by interfering TALEs (iTALEs). TALEs interact with the rice transcription factor OsTFIIAγ1 or OsTFIIAγ5 (Xa5) to activate expression of target resistance and/or susceptibility genes. However, it is not clear whether OsTFIIAγ is involved in TALE-triggered and iTALE-suppressed Xa1-mediated resistance. In this study, genome-edited mutations in OsTFIIAγ5 or OsTFIIAγ1 of Xa1-containing rice 'IRBB1' and Xa1-transgenic plants of xa5-containing rice 'IRBB5' did not impair the activation or suppression of Xa1-mediated resistance. Correspondingly, the expression pattern of Xa1 in mutated OsTFIIAγ5 and OsTFIIAγ1 rice lines and 'IRBB1' rice was similar. In contrast, the expression of OsSWEET11 was repressed in rice lines mutated in OsTFIIAγ5 and OsTFIIAγ1. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that both TALE PthXo1 and iTALE Tal3a interacted with OsTFIIAγ1 and OsTFIIAγ5 in plant nuclei. These results indicated that TALE-triggered and iTALE-suppressed Xa1-mediated resistance to bacterial blight is independent of OsTFIIAγ1 or OsTFIIAγ5 in rice, and suggest that an unknown factor is potentially involved in the interaction of Xa1, TALEs and iTALEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiameng Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyin Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fazal Haq
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Syed Mashab Ali Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Su J, Nguyen QM, Kimble A, Pike SM, Kim SH, Gassmann W. The Conserved Arginine Required for AvrRps4 Processing Is Also Required for Recognition of Its N-Terminal Fragment in Lettuce. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:270-278. [PMID: 33147120 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-20-0285-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens utilize a repertoire of effectors to facilitate pathogenesis, but when the host recognizes one of them, it causes effector-triggered immunity. The Pseudomonas type III effector AvrRps4 is a bipartite effector that is processed in planta into a functional 133-amino acid N-terminus (AvrRps4-N) and 88-amino acid C-terminus (AvrRps4-C). Previous studies found AvrRps4-C to be sufficient to trigger the hypersensitive response (HR) in turnip. In contrast, our recent work found that AvrRps4-N but not AvrRps4-C triggered HR in lettuce, whereas both were required for resistance induction in Arabidopsis. Here, we initially compared AvrRps4 recognition by turnip and lettuce using transient expression. By serial truncation, we identified the central conserved region consisting of 37 amino acids as essential for AvrRps4-N recognition, whereas the putative type III secretion signal peptide or the C-terminal 13 amino acids were dispensable. Surprisingly, the conserved arginine at position 112 (R112) that is required for full-length AvrRps4 processing is also required for the recognition of AvrRps4-N by lettuce. Mutating R112 to hydrophobic leucine or negatively charged glutamate abolished the HR-inducing capacity of AvrRps4-N, while a positively charged lysine at this position resulted in a slow and weak HR. Together, our results suggest an AvrRps4-N recognition-specific role of R112 in lettuce.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Su
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 66211, U.S.A
| | - Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ashten Kimble
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 66211, U.S.A
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
| | - Sharon M Pike
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 66211, U.S.A
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 66211, U.S.A
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Ramos RN, Martin GB, Pombo MA, Rosli HG. WRKY22 and WRKY25 transcription factors are positive regulators of defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:65-82. [PMID: 32909182 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NbWRKY22 and NbWRKY25 are required for full activation of bacteria-associated pattern- and effector-triggered immunity as well as for the response to other non-bacterial defense elicitors. Plants defend themselves against pathogens using a two-layered immune system. Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) can be activated upon recognition of epitopes from flagellin including flg22. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) delivers effector proteins into the plant cell to promote host susceptibility. However, some plants express resistance (R) proteins that recognize specific effectors leading to the activation of effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Resistant tomato lines such as Rio Grande-PtoR (RG-PtoR) recognize two Pst effectors, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, and activate ETI through the Pto/Prf protein complex. Using RNA-seq, we identified two tomato WRKY transcription factor genes, SlWRKY22 and SlWRKY25, whose expression is increased during Pst-induced ETI. Silencing of the WRKY25/22 orthologous genes in Nicotiana benthamiana led to a delay in programmed cell death normally associated with AvrPto recognition or several non-bacterial effector/R protein pairs. An increase in disease symptoms was observed in silenced plants infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci expressing AvrPto or HopQ1-1. Expression of both tomato WRKY genes is also induced upon treatment with flg22 and callose deposition and cell death suppression assays in WRKY25/22-silenced N. benthamiana plants supported their involvement in PTI. Our results reveal an important role for two WRKYs as positive regulators of plant immunity against bacterial and potentially non-bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina N Ramos
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Marina A Pombo
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hernan G Rosli
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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McMillan HM, Zebell SG, Ristaino JB, Dong X, Kuehn MJ. Protective plant immune responses are elicited by bacterial outer membrane vesicles. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108645. [PMID: 33472073 PMCID: PMC8158063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) perform a variety of functions in bacterial survival and virulence. In mammalian systems, OMVs activate immune responses and are exploited as vaccines. However, little work has focused on the interactions of OMVs with plant hosts. Here, we report that OMVs from Pseudomonas syringae and P. fluorescens activate plant immune responses that protect against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. OMV-mediated immunomodulatory activity from these species displayed different sensitivity to biochemical stressors, reflecting differences in OMV content. Importantly, OMV-mediated plant responses are distinct from those triggered by conserved bacterial epitopes or effector molecules alone. Our study shows that OMV-induced protective immune responses are independent of the T3SS and protein, but that OMV-mediated seedling growth inhibition largely depends on proteinaceous components. OMVs provide a unique opportunity to understand the interplay between virulence and host response strategies and add a new dimension to consider in host-microbe interactions. The role that bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play in plant-microbe interactions is poorly characterized. McMillan et al. show that OMVs elicit plant immune responses that protect against pathogens. This study also reveals a use for OMVs as tools to probe the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M McMillan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sophia G Zebell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jean B Ristaino
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Wang W, Yang J, Zhang J, Liu YX, Tian C, Qu B, Gao C, Xin P, Cheng S, Zhang W, Miao P, Li L, Zhang X, Chu J, Zuo J, Li J, Bai Y, Lei X, Zhou JM. An Arabidopsis Secondary Metabolite Directly Targets Expression of the Bacterial Type III Secretion System to Inhibit Bacterial Virulence. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:601-613.e7. [PMID: 32272078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Plants deploy a variety of secondary metabolites to fend off pathogen attack. Although defense compounds are generally considered toxic to microbes, the exact mechanisms are often unknown. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis defense compound sulforaphane (SFN) functions primarily by inhibiting Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system (TTSS) genes, which are essential for pathogenesis. Plants lacking the aliphatic glucosinolate pathway, which do not accumulate SFN, were unable to attenuate TTSS gene expression and exhibited increased susceptibility to P. syringae strains that cannot detoxify SFN. Chemoproteomics analyses showed that SFN covalently modified the cysteine at position 209 of HrpS, a key transcription factor controlling TTSS gene expression. Site-directed mutagenesis and functional analyses further confirmed that Cys209 was responsible for bacterial sensitivity to SFN in vitro and sensitivity to plant defenses conferred by the aliphatic glucosinolate pathway. Collectively, these results illustrate a previously unknown mechanism by which plants disarm a pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Caiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chulei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Clark KJ, Pang Z, Trinh J, Wang N, Ma W. Sec-Delivered Effector 1 (SDE1) of ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Promotes Citrus Huanglongbing. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1394-1404. [PMID: 32986514 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-20-0123-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sec-delivered effector 1 (SDE1) from the huanglongbing (HLB)-associated bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' was previously characterized as an inhibitor of defense-related, papain-like cysteine proteases in vitro and in planta. Here, we investigated the contributions of SDE1 to HLB progression. We found that SDE1 expression in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana caused severe yellowing in mature leaves, reminiscent of both 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection symptoms and accelerated leaf senescence. Induction of senescence signatures was also observed in the SDE1-expressing A. thaliana lines. These signatures were apparent in older leaves but not in seedlings, suggesting an age-associated effect. Furthermore, independent lines of transgenic Citrus paradisi (L.) Macfadyen (Duncan grapefruit) that express SDE1 exhibited hypersusceptibility to 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. Similar to A. thaliana, transgenic citrus expressing SDE1 showed altered expression of senescence-associated genes, but only after infection with 'Ca. L. asiaticus'. These findings suggest that SDE1 is a virulence factor that contributes to HLB progression, likely by inducing premature or accelerated senescence in citrus. This work provides new insight into HLB pathogenesis.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley J Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Zhiqian Pang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
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Ramu VS, Dawane A, Lee S, Oh S, Lee H, Sun L, Senthil‐Kumar M, Mysore KS. Ribosomal protein QM/RPL10 positively regulates defence and protein translation mechanisms during nonhost disease resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1481-1494. [PMID: 32964634 PMCID: PMC7548997 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes play an integral part in plant growth, development, and defence responses. We report here the role of ribosomal protein large (RPL) subunit QM/RPL10 in nonhost disease resistance. The RPL10-silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed compromised disease resistance against nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1. The RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that many genes involved in defence and protein translation mechanisms were differentially affected due to silencing of NbRPL10. Arabidopsis AtRPL10 RNAi and rpl10 mutant lines showed compromised nonhost disease resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1 and P. syringae pv. tabaci. Overexpression of AtRPL10A in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced susceptibility against host pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. RPL10 interacts with the RNA recognition motif protein and ribosomal proteins RPL30, RPL23, and RPS30 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Silencing or mutants of genes encoding these RPL10-interacting proteins in N. benthamiana or Arabidopsis, respectively, also showed compromised disease resistance to nonhost pathogens. These results suggest that QM/RPL10 positively regulates the defence and translation-associated genes during nonhost pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemanna S. Ramu
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Labortory of Plant Functional GenomicsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Akashata Dawane
- Labortory of Plant Functional GenomicsRegional Centre for BiotechnologyFaridabadIndia
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Present address:
Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterInstitute of Food and Agricultural ScienceUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
| | - Sunhee Oh
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Liang Sun
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
| | - Muthappa Senthil‐Kumar
- Noble Research Institute, LLC.ArdmoreOklahomaUSA
- Present address:
National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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Huang Y, Li T, Xu T, Tang Z, Guo J, Cai Y. Multiple Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 type III effectors inhibit immunity induced by flg22. PLANTA 2020; 252:88. [PMID: 33057902 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 secretes several effector proteins that interfere with plant phosphorylation. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) can infect cruciferous plants and cause black rot. The strain Xcc8004 secretes effector proteins that interfere with plant cellular processes into host cells using a type III secretion (T3S) system. Several of the 24 predicted T3S effectors in the Xcc8004 genome have been implicated in the suppression of the Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response. We used an A. thaliana mesophyll protoplast-based assay to identify Xcc8004 T3S effectors that effectively interfere with PTI signalling induced by the bacterial peptide flg22. 11 of the 24 tested effector proteins (XopK, XopQ, HrpW, XopN, XopAC, XopD, XopZ1, XopAG, AvrBs2, XopL and XopX-1) inhibited expression of the flg22-inducible gene FRK1, and five effectors (XopK, XopG, XopQ, XopL and XopX-1) inhibited the expression of the flg22-inducible gene WRKY33. Therefore, there are 12 effector proteins that can inhibit the expression of relevant flg22-inducible genes. It was further investigated whether the 12 effector proteins affect the phosphorylation activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases MPK3/MPK6, and four effector proteins (XopK, XopQ, XopZ1 and XopX-1) were found to markedly inhibit MPK3/MPK6 activation. Moreover, a subcellular localisation analysis revealed that the tested effectors were localised within various subcellular compartments. These results indicate that multiple T3S effectors in the Xcc8004 genome interfere with flg22-induced PTI signalling via various molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Tongqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yi Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Acosta-Jurado S, Medina C, Ollero FJ, Alias-Villegas C, Vinardell JM, Pérez-Montaño F, López-Baena FJ. The Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 type III secretion system effector NopC blocks nodulation with Lotus japonicus Gifu. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6043-6056. [PMID: 32589709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The broad-host-range bacterium Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 cannot nodulate the model legume Lotus japonicus Gifu. This bacterium possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS), a specialized secretion apparatus used to deliver effector proteins (T3Es) into the host cell cytosol to alter host signaling and/or suppress host defence responses to promote infection. However, some of these T3Es are recognized by specific plant receptors and hence trigger a strong defence response to block infection. In rhizobia, T3Es are involved in nodulation efficiency and host-range determination, and in some cases directly activate host symbiosis signalling in a Nod factor-independent manner. In this work, we show that HH103 RifR T3SS mutants, unable to secrete T3Es, gain nodulation with L. japonicus Gifu through infection threads, suggesting that plant recognition of a T3E could block the infection process. To identify the T3E involved, we performed nodulation assays with a collection of mutants that affect secretion of each T3E identified in HH103 RifR so far. The nopC mutant could infect L. japonicus Gifu by infection thread invasion and switch the infection mechanism in Lotus burttii from intercellular infection to infection thread formation. Lotus japonicus gene expression analysis indicated that the infection-blocking event occurs at early stages of the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Medina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Foucher J, Ruh M, Préveaux A, Carrère S, Pelletier S, Briand M, Serre RF, Jacques MA, Chen NWG. Common bean resistance to Xanthomonas is associated with upregulation of the salicylic acid pathway and downregulation of photosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:566. [PMID: 32811445 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-17010/v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans is one of the major threats to common bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Resistance to CBB is particularly complex as 26 quantitative resistance loci to CBB have been described so far. To date, transcriptomic studies after CBB infection have been very scarce and the molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility or resistance are largely unknown. RESULTS We sequenced and annotated the genomes of two common bean genotypes being either resistant (BAT93) or susceptible (JaloEEP558) to CBB. Reciprocal BLASTp analysis led to a list of 20,787 homologs between these genotypes and the common bean reference genome (G19833), which provides a solid dataset for further comparative analyses. RNA-Seq after inoculation with X. phaseoli pv. phaseoli showed that the susceptible genotype initiated a more intense and diverse biological response than the resistant genotype. Resistance was linked to upregulation of the salicylic acid pathway and downregulation of photosynthesis and sugar metabolism, while susceptibility was linked to downregulation of resistance genes and upregulation of the ethylene pathway and of genes involved in cell wall modification. CONCLUSIONS This study helps better understanding the mechanisms occurring during the early colonization phase of common bean by Xanthomonas and unveils new actors potentially important for resistance and susceptibility to CBB. We discuss the potential link between the pathways induced during bean colonization and genes induced by transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), as illustrated in other Xanthomonas pathovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Foucher
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mylène Ruh
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anne Préveaux
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- CNRS, UMR 2594, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Martial Briand
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Nicolas W G Chen
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France.
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Foucher J, Ruh M, Préveaux A, Carrère S, Pelletier S, Briand M, Serre RF, Jacques MA, Chen NWG. Common bean resistance to Xanthomonas is associated with upregulation of the salicylic acid pathway and downregulation of photosynthesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:566. [PMID: 32811445 PMCID: PMC7437933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans is one of the major threats to common bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Resistance to CBB is particularly complex as 26 quantitative resistance loci to CBB have been described so far. To date, transcriptomic studies after CBB infection have been very scarce and the molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility or resistance are largely unknown. Results We sequenced and annotated the genomes of two common bean genotypes being either resistant (BAT93) or susceptible (JaloEEP558) to CBB. Reciprocal BLASTp analysis led to a list of 20,787 homologs between these genotypes and the common bean reference genome (G19833), which provides a solid dataset for further comparative analyses. RNA-Seq after inoculation with X. phaseoli pv. phaseoli showed that the susceptible genotype initiated a more intense and diverse biological response than the resistant genotype. Resistance was linked to upregulation of the salicylic acid pathway and downregulation of photosynthesis and sugar metabolism, while susceptibility was linked to downregulation of resistance genes and upregulation of the ethylene pathway and of genes involved in cell wall modification. Conclusions This study helps better understanding the mechanisms occurring during the early colonization phase of common bean by Xanthomonas and unveils new actors potentially important for resistance and susceptibility to CBB. We discuss the potential link between the pathways induced during bean colonization and genes induced by transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), as illustrated in other Xanthomonas pathovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Foucher
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mylène Ruh
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anne Préveaux
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- CNRS, UMR 2594, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Martial Briand
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Nicolas W G Chen
- IRHS, INRAE, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université d'Angers, SFR4207 QUASAV, 42, rue Georges Morel, F-49071, Beaucouzé, France.
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Ji C, Ji Z, Liu B, Cheng H, Liu H, Liu S, Yang B, Chen G. Xa1 Allelic R Genes Activate Rice Blight Resistance Suppressed by Interfering TAL Effectors. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100087. [PMID: 33367250 PMCID: PMC7748017 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) uses transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to cause bacterial blight (BB) in rice. In turn, rice has evolved several mechanisms to resist BB by targeting TALEs. One mechanism involves the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance gene Xa1 and TALEs. Reciprocally, Xoo has evolved TALE variants, C-terminally truncated versions (interfering TALEs or iTALEs), to overcome Xa1 resistance. However, it remains unknown to what extent the two co-adaptive mechanisms mediate Xoo-rice interactions. In this study, we cloned and characterized five additional Xa1 allelic R genes, Xa2, Xa31(t), Xa14, CGS-Xo111 , and Xa45(t) from a collection of rice accessions. Sequence analysis revealed that Xa2 and Xa31(t) from different rice cultivars are identical. These genes and their predicted proteins were found to be highly conserved, forming a group of Xa1 alleles. The XA1 alleles could be distinguished by the number of C-terminal tandem repeats consisting of 93 amino acid residues and ranged from four in XA14 to seven in XA45(t). Xa1 allelic genes were identified in the 3000 rice genomes surveyed. On the other hand, iTALEs could suppress the resistance mediated by Xa1 allelic R genes, and iTALE genes were prevalent (∼95%) in Asian, but not in African Xoo strains. Our findings demonstrate the prominence of a defense mechanism in which rice depends on Xa1 alleles and a counteracting mechanism in which Xoo relies on iTALEs for BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Ji
- Division of Plant Sciences, C. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plant Sciences, C. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Plant Sciences, C. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, C. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Gongyou Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology/State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
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He Q, McLellan H, Boevink PC, Birch PR. All Roads Lead to Susceptibility: The Many Modes of Action of Fungal and Oomycete Intracellular Effectors. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100050. [PMID: 33367246 PMCID: PMC7748000 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review intracellular effectors from filamentous (fungal and oomycete) phytopathogens and the host proteins and processes that are targeted to promote disease. We cover contrasting virulence strategies and effector modes of action. Filamentous pathogen effectors alter the fates of host proteins that they target, changing their stability, their activity, their location, and the protein partners with which they interact. Some effectors inhibit target activity, whereas others enhance or utilize it, and some target multiple host proteins. We discuss the emerging topic of effectors that target negative regulators of immunity or other plant proteins with activities that support susceptibility. We also highlight the commonly targeted host proteins that are manipulated by effectors from multiple pathogens, including those representing different kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee (at JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Hazel McLellan
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee (at JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Petra C. Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul R.J. Birch
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee (at JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Corresponding author
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Hu M, Qi J, Bi G, Zhou JM. Bacterial Effectors Induce Oligomerization of Immune Receptor ZAR1 In Vivo. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:793-801. [PMID: 32194243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogen effectors, leading to effector-triggered immunity. The NLR ZAR1 indirectly recognizes the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris effector AvrAC and Pseudomonas syringae effector HopZ1a by associating with closely related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily XII-2 (RLCK XII-2) members RKS1 and ZED1, respectively. ZAR1, RKS1, and the AvrAC-modified decoy PBL2UMP form a pentameric resistosome in vitro, and the ability of resistosome formation is required for AvrAC-triggered cell death and disease resistance. However, it remains unknown whether the effectors induce ZAR1 oligomerization in the plant cell. In this study, we show that both AvrAC and HopZ1a can induce oligomerization of ZAR1 in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Residues mediating ZAR1-ZED1 interaction are indispensable for HopZ1a-induced ZAR1 oligomerization in vivo and disease resistance. In addition, ZAR1 residues required for the assembly of ZAR1 resistosome in vitro are also essential for HopZ1a-induced ZAR1 oligomerization in vivo and disease resistance. Our study provides evidence that pathogen effectors induce ZAR1 resistosome formation in the plant cell and that the resistosome formation triggers disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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Timilsina S, Potnis N, Newberry EA, Liyanapathiranage P, Iruegas-Bocardo F, White FF, Goss EM, Jones JB. Xanthomonas diversity, virulence and plant-pathogen interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:415-427. [PMID: 32346148 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine recent insights into host-pathogen co-evolution, diversity in Xanthomonas populations and host specificity of Xanthomonas spp. that have substantially improved our fundamental understanding of pathogen biology. We emphasize the virulence factors in xanthomonads, such as type III secreted effectors including transcription activator-like effectors, type II secretion systems, diversity resulting in host specificity, evolution of emerging strains, activation of susceptibility genes and strategies of host evasion. We summarize the genomic diversity in several Xanthomonas spp. and implications for disease outbreaks, management strategies and breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Timilsina
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Neha Potnis
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eric A Newberry
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Frank F White
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Erica M Goss
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Lacault C, Briand M, Jacques MA, Darrasse A. Zucchini Vein Clearing Disease Is Caused by Several Lineages Within Pseudomonas syringae Species Complex. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:744-757. [PMID: 31909688 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0266-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) is worldwide affected by Pseudomonas syringae, inducing vein clearing, stunting, and necroses during plantlet development. A collection of 58 P. syringae strains isolated from diseased zucchini plantlets was characterized by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). A subset of 23 strains responsible for vein clearing of zucchini (VCZ) was evaluated for pathogenicity on zucchini, and their genomes were sequenced. The host range of six VCZ strains was evaluated on 11 cucurbit species. Most VCZ strains belong to clades 2a and 2b-a within phylogroup 2 of P. syringae species complex and are closely related to other strains previously isolated from cucurbits. Genome analyses revealed diversity among VCZ strains within each clade. One main cluster, once referred to by the invalid pathovar name (peponis), gathers VCZ strains presenting a narrow host range including zucchini and squashes. Other VCZ strains present a large host range including zucchini, squashes, cucumber, melons, and in some cases watermelon. The VCZ strain pathogenic features are strongly associated with type III effector repertoires. The presence of avrRpt2 and absence of hopZ5 are associated with a narrow host range, whereas the presence of hopZ5 and absence of avrRpt2 are most generally associated with a large host range. To better detect the different clusters identified with whole genome sequence and pathogenicity analyses, we used a specific-k-mers approach to refine the MLSA scheme. Using this novel MLSA scheme to type P. syringae isolates from diseased cucurbits would give insight into distribution of worldwide strains and origin of epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lacault
- Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, Université d'Angers, IRHS, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Martial Briand
- Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, Université d'Angers, IRHS, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Jacques
- Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, Université d'Angers, IRHS, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Armelle Darrasse
- Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, Université d'Angers, IRHS, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Xiang QW, Bai J, Cai J, Huang QY, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhong Z, Wagner C, Xie ZP, Staehelin C. NopD of Bradyrhizobium sp. XS1150 Possesses SUMO Protease Activity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32265858 PMCID: PMC7098955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectors secreted by the type III protein secretion system (T3SS) of rhizobia are host-specific determinants of the nodule symbiosis. Here, we have characterized NopD, a putative type III effector of Bradyrhizobium sp. XS1150. NopD was found to possess a functional N-terminal secretion signal sequence that could replace that of the NopL effector secreted by Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234. Recombinant NopD and the C-terminal domain of NopD alone can process small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins and cleave SUMO-conjugated proteins. Activity was abolished in a NopD variant with a cysteine-to-alanine substitution in the catalytic core (NopD-C972A). NopD recognizes specific plant SUMO proteins (AtSUMO1 and AtSUMO2 of Arabidopsis thaliana; GmSUMO of Glycine max; PvSUMO of Phaseolus vulgaris). Subcellular localization analysis with A. thaliana protoplasts showed that NopD accumulates in nuclear bodies. NopD, but not NopD-C972A, induces cell death when expressed in Nicotiana tabacum. Likewise, inoculation tests with constructed mutant strains of XS1150 indicated that nodulation of Tephrosia vogelii is negatively affected by the protease activity of NopD. In conclusion, our findings show that NopD is a symbiosis-related protein that can process specific SUMO proteins and desumoylate SUMO-conjugated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christian Wagner
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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