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Zhu P, Li J, Yan F, Islam S, Lin X, Xu X. Allelic heterogeneity of TTNtv dilated cardiomyopathy can be modeled in adult zebrafish. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175501. [PMID: 38412038 PMCID: PMC11128207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Allelic heterogeneity (AH) has been noted in truncational TTN-associated (TTNtv-associated) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); i.e., mutations affecting A-band-encoding exons are pathogenic, but those affecting Z-disc-encoding exons are likely benign. The lack of an in vivo animal model that recapitulates AH hinders the deciphering of the underlying mechanism. Here, we explored zebrafish as a candidate vertebrate model by phenotyping a collection of zebrafish ttntv alleles. We noted that cardiac function and sarcomere structure were more severely disrupted in ttntv-A than in ttntv-Z homozygous embryos. Consistently, cardiomyopathy-like phenotypes were present in ttntv-A but not ttntv-Z adult heterozygous mutants. The phenotypes observed in ttntv-A alleles were recapitulated in null mutants with the full titin-encoding sequences removed. Defective autophagic flux, largely due to impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, was also noted only in ttntv-A but not in ttntv-Z models. Moreover, we found that genetic manipulation of ulk1a restored autophagy flux and rescued cardiac dysfunction in ttntv-A animals. Together, our findings presented adult zebrafish as an in vivo animal model for studying AH in TTNtv DCM, demonstrated TTN loss of function is sufficient to trigger ttntv DCM in zebrafish, and uncovered ulk1a as a potential therapeutic target gene for TTNtv DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feixiang Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Cai WK, Yu J, Shen M, Zhou JH, Yang SY, Liu W, Lu S, Shi YK, Yang LX. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes and miRNA expression profiles in dilated cardiomyopathy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25569. [PMID: 38384527 PMCID: PMC10878877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent form of cardiomyopathy, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. It is possible to identify and validate DCM-associated genes, pathways, and miRNAs using bioinformatics analysis coupled with clinical validation methods. Methods Our analysis was performed using 3 mRNA datasets and 1 miRNA database. We employed several approaches, including gene ontology (GO) analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks analysis, and analysis of hub genes to identify critical genes and pathways linked to DCM. We constructed a regulatory network for DCM that involves interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs. We also validated the differently expressed miRNAs in clinical samples (87 DCM ,83 Normal) using qRT-PCR.The miRNAs' clinical value was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). Results 78 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 170 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were associated with DCM. The top five GO annotations were collagen-containing extracellular matrix, cell substrate adhesion, negative regulation of cell differentiation, and inflammatory response. The most enriched KEGG pathways were the Neurotrophin signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Axon guidance. In the PPI network, we identified 10 hub genes, and in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, we identified 8 hub genes and 15 miRNAs. In the clinical validation, we found 13 miRNAs with an AUC value greater than 0.9. Conclusion Our research offers novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of DCM and has implications for identifying potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Thoracocardiac Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Thoracocardiac Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Huan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Si Lu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yan-Kun Shi
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Xia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, China
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3
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Bradshaw M, Squire JM, Morris E, Atkinson G, Richardson R, Lees J, Caputo M, Bigotti GM, Paul DM. Zebrafish as a model for cardiac disease; Cryo-EM structure of native cardiac thin filaments from Danio Rerio. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:179-192. [PMID: 37480427 PMCID: PMC10542308 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Actin, tropomyosin and troponin, the proteins that comprise the contractile apparatus of the cardiac thin filament, are highly conserved across species. We have used cryo-EM to study the three-dimensional structure of the zebrafish cardiac thin and actin filaments. With 70% of human genes having an obvious zebrafish orthologue, and conservation of 85% of disease-causing genes, zebrafish are a good animal model for the study of human disease. Our structure of the zebrafish thin filament reveals the molecular interactions between the constituent proteins, showing that the fundamental organisation of the complex is the same as that reported in the human reconstituted thin filament. A reconstruction of zebrafish cardiac F-actin demonstrates no deviations from human cardiac actin over an extended length of 14 actin subunits. Modelling zebrafish homology models into our maps enabled us to compare, in detail, the similarity with human models. The structural similarities of troponin-T in particular, a region known to contain a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 'hotspot', confirm the suitability of zebrafish to study these disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marston Bradshaw
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John M Squire
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Morris
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Georgia Atkinson
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Lees
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Giulia M Bigotti
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Danielle M Paul
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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4
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Koslow M, Mondaca-Ruff D, Xu X. Transcriptome studies of inherited dilated cardiomyopathies. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:312-322. [PMID: 36749382 PMCID: PMC10426000 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a group of heart muscle diseases that often lead to heart failure, with more than 50 causative genes have being linked to DCM. The heterogenous nature of the inherited DCMs suggest the need of precision medicine. Consistent with this emerging concept, transcriptome studies in human patients with DCM indicated distinct molecular signature for DCMs of different genetic etiology. To facilitate this line of research, we reviewed the status of transcriptome studies of inherited DCMs by focusing on three predominant DCM causative genes, TTN, LMNA, and BAG3. Besides studies in human patients, we summarized transcriptomic analysis of these inherited DCMs in a variety of model systems ranging from iPSCs to rodents and zebrafish. We concluded that the RNA-seq technology is a powerful genomic tool that has already led to the discovery of new modifying genes, signaling pathways, and related therapeutic avenues. We also pointed out that both temporal (different pathological stages) and spatial (different cell types) information need to be considered for future transcriptome studies. While an important bottle neck is the low throughput in experimentally testing differentially expressed genes, new technologies in efficient animal models such as zebrafish starts to be developed. It is anticipated that the RNA-seq technology will continue to uncover both unique and common pathological events, aiding the development of precision medicine for inherited DCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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5
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Deficiency of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Induces Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiomyopathy in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010117. [PMID: 36613558 PMCID: PMC9820674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysfunction is related to clinical disorders including obesity, cancer, liver steatosis, and cardiomyopathy. Impaired lipolytic enzymes result in altered release of free fatty acids. The dramatic change in dyslipidemia is important in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) catalyzes the lipolysis of triacylglycerol to reduce intramyocardial triglyceride levels in the heart and improve myocardial function. We examined the role of ATGL in metabolic cardiomyopathy by developing an Atgl knockout (ALKO) zebrafish model of metabolic cardiomyopathy disease by continuously expressing CRISPR/Cas9 protein and atgl gene guide RNAs (gRNAs). The expressed Cas9 protein bound to four gRNAs targeting the atgl gene locus, facilitating systemic gene KO. Ablation of Atgl interfered with lipid metabolism, which induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. ALKO adults and embryos displayed hypertrophic hearts. ALKO presented a typical dilated cardiomyopathy profile with a remarkable reduction in four sarcomere genes (myosin heavy chain 7-like, actin alpha cardiac muscle 1b, myosin binding protein C3, and troponin T type 2a) and two Ca2+ handling regulator genes (tropomyosin 4b and ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2b). Immune cell infiltration in cardiac tissue of ALKO provided direct evidence of advanced metabolic cardiomyopathy. The presently described model could become a powerful tool to clarify the underlying mechanism between metabolic disorders and cardiomyopathies.
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Lu J, Wang W, Zhang C, Xu W, Chen W, Tao L, Li Z, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Characterization of glyphosate-induced cardiovascular toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158308. [PMID: 36030873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, presents new hazards to human health. The developmental toxicity of glyphosate, especially its cardiovascular toxicity, needs to be closely monitored. To understand how glyphosate affects development, we performed toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos that were continuously exposed to glyphosate. The results indicated that glyphosate affected the overall development of zebrafish embryos, including mortality, hatching abnormalities, and decreased body length. At the same time, zebrafish embryos exposed to glyphosate exhibited cardiac malformations, including enlarged chambers, thinned ventricular walls, and rhythm disturbances. In addition, defective intersegmental vasculature occurred after glyphosate exposure, indicating impaired angiogenesis. Mechanistically, apoptosis clustered in the heart and vascular regions and levels of ATP and apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, bax, and bcl-2 were altered. In summary, the data showed that cardiovascular toxicity caused by glyphosate exposure may be related to apoptosis. Our study provides evidence for a link between glyphosate exposure and cardiovascular developmental toxicity. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of the glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of research, most heart pathologies have limited treatments, and often the only curative approach is heart transplantation. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating cardiac diseases. Animal models that reproduce the human pathophysiology are essential to uncovering the biology of diseases and discovering therapies. Traditionally, mammals have been used as models of cardiac disease, but the cost of generating and maintaining new models is exorbitant, and the studies have very low throughput. In the last decade, the zebrafish has emerged as a tractable model for cardiac diseases, owing to several characteristics that made this animal popular among developmental biologists. Zebrafish fertilization and development are external; embryos can be obtained in high numbers, are cheap and easy to maintain, and can be manipulated to create new genetic models. Moreover, zebrafish exhibit an exceptional ability to regenerate their heart after injury. This review summarizes 25 years of research using the zebrafish to study the heart, from the classical forward screenings to the contemporary methods to model mutations found in patients with cardiac disease. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this model organism and introduce the experimental approaches exploited in zebrafish, including forward and reverse genetics and chemical screenings. Last, we review the models used to induce cardiac injury and essential ideas derived from studying natural regeneration. Studies using zebrafish have the potential to accelerate the discovery of new strategies to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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8
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An Overview of Zebrafish Modeling Methods in Drug Discovery and Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:145-169. [PMID: 34961915 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are recognized as a significant step forward in the bridging between drug discovery and clinical applications. Animal models, due to their relative genetic, molecular, physiological, and even anatomical similarities to humans, can provide a suitable platform for unraveling the mechanisms underlying human diseases and discovering new therapeutic approaches as well. Recently, zebrafish has attracted attention as a valuable experimental and pharmacological model in drug discovery and development studies due to its prominent characteristics such as the high degree of genetic similarity with humans, genetic manipulability, and prominent clinical features. Since advancing a theory to a valid and reliable observation requires the manipulation of animals, it is, therefore, essential to use efficient modeling methods appropriate to the different aspects of experimental conditions. In this context, applying several various approaches such as using chemicals, pathogens, and genetic manipulation approaches allows zebrafish development into a preferable model that mimics some human disease pathophysiology. Thus, such modeling approaches not only can provide a framework for a comprehensive understanding of the human disease mechanisms that have a counterpart in zebrafish but also can pave the way for discovering new drugs that are accompanied by higher amelioration effects on different human diseases.
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9
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Bu H, Ding Y, Li J, Zhu P, Shih YH, Wang M, Zhang Y, Lin X, Xu X. Inhibition of mTOR or MAPK ameliorates vmhcl/myh7 cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154215. [PMID: 34935644 PMCID: PMC8783688 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) is a major causative gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the affected signaling pathways and therapeutics remain elusive. In this research, we identified ventricle myosin heavy chain like (vmhcl) as a zebrafish homolog of human MYH7, and we generated vmhcl frameshift mutants. We noted vmhcl-based embryonic cardiac dysfunction (VEC) in the vmhcl homozygous mutants and vmhcl-based adult cardiomyopathy (VAC) phenotypes in the vmhcl heterozygous mutants. Using the VEC model, we assessed 7 known cardiomyopathy signaling pathways pharmacologically and 11 candidate genes genetically via CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology based on microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Both studies converged on therapeutic benefits of mTOR or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibition of VEC. While mTOR inhibition rescued the enlarged nuclear size of cardiomyocytes, MAPK inhibition restored the prolonged cell shape in the VEC model. The therapeutic effects of mTOR and MAPK inhibition were later validated in the VAC model. Together, vmhcl/myh7 loss of function is sufficient to induce cardiomyopathy in zebrafish. The VEC and VAC models in zebrafish are amenable to both efficient genetic and chemical genetic tools, offering a rapid in vivo platform for discovering candidate signaling pathways of MYH7 cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yu-Huan Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Bensimon-Brito A, Boezio GLM, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wietelmann A, Ramkumar S, Lundegaard PR, Helker CSM, Ramadass R, Piesker J, Nauerth A, Mueller C, Stainier DYR. Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2665-2687. [PMID: 34609500 PMCID: PMC9491864 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque. Methods and results Here, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically. Conclusion We report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group MRI and µ-CT, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pia R Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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11
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Ma X, Xu X. A Swimming-based Assay to Determine the Exercise Capacity of Adult Zebrafish Cardiomyopathy Models. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4114. [PMID: 34458408 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise capacity, measured by treadmill in humans and other mammals, is an important diagnostic and prognostic index for patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The adult zebrafish is increasingly used as a vertebrate model to study human cardiomyopathy due to its conserved cardiovascular physiology, convenience for genetic manipulation, and amenability to high-throughput genetic and compound screening. Owing to the small size of its body and heart, new phenotyping assays are needed to unveil phenotypic traits of cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish. Here, we describe a swimming-based functional assay that measures exercise capacity in an adult zebrafish doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy model. This protocol can be applied to any adult zebrafish model of acquired or inherited cardiomyopathy and potentially to other cardiovascular diseases. Graphic abstract: Clinical relevance of the swimming-based phenotyping assay in adult zebrafish cardiomyopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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12
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Giri P, Mukhopadhyay A, Gupta M, Mohapatra B. Dilated cardiomyopathy: a new insight into the rare but common cause of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:431-454. [PMID: 34245424 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a global health burden responsible for high morbidity and mortality with a prevalence of greater than 60 million individuals worldwide. One of the major causes of heart failure is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by associated systolic dysfunction. During the last few decades, there have been remarkable advances in our understanding about the genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy. The genetic causes were initially thought to be associated with mutations in genes encoding proteins that are localized to cytoskeleton and sarcomere only; however, with the advancement in mechanistic understanding, the roles of ion channels, Z-disc, mitochondria, nuclear proteins, cardiac transcription factors (e.g., NKX-2.5, TBX20, GATA4), and the factors involved in calcium homeostasis have also been identified and found to be implicated in both familial and sporadic DCM cases. During past few years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been established as a diagnostic tool for genetic analysis and it has added significantly to the existing candidate gene list for DCM. The animal models have also provided novel insights to develop a better treatment strategy based on phenotype-genotype correlation, epigenetic and phenomic profiling. Most of the DCM biomarkers that are used in routine genetic and clinical testing are structural proteins, but during the last few years, the role of mi-RNA has also emerged as a biomarker due to their accessibility through noninvasive methods. Our increasing genetic knowledge can improve the clinical management of DCM by bringing clinicians and geneticists on one platform, thereby influencing the individualized clinical decision making and leading to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Giri
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Amrita Mukhopadhyay
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Mohini Gupta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi-5, India.
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13
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Kim M, Lu L, Dvornikov AV, Ma X, Ding Y, Zhu P, Olson TM, Lin X, Xu X. TFEB Overexpression, Not mTOR Inhibition, Ameliorates RagC S75Y Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5494. [PMID: 34071043 PMCID: PMC8197163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A de novo missense variant in Rag GTPase protein C (RagCS75Y) was recently identified in a syndromic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patient. However, its pathogenicity and the related therapeutic strategy remain unclear. We generated a zebrafish RragcS56Y (corresponding to human RagCS75Y) knock-in (KI) line via TALEN technology. The KI fish manifested cardiomyopathy-like phenotypes and poor survival. Overexpression of RagCS75Y via adenovirus infection also led to increased cell size and fetal gene reprogramming in neonatal rat ventricle cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs), indicating a conserved mechanism. Further characterization identified aberrant mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling, as well as metabolic abnormalities including dysregulated autophagy. However, mTOR inhibition failed to ameliorate cardiac phenotypes in the RagCS75Y cardiomyopathy models, concomitant with a failure to promote TFEB nuclear translocation. This observation was at least partially explained by increased and mTOR-independent physical interaction between RagCS75Y and TFEB in the cytosol. Importantly, TFEB overexpression resulted in more nuclear TFEB and rescued cardiomyopathy phenotypes. These findings suggest that S75Y is a pathogenic gain-of-function mutation in RagC that leads to cardiomyopathy. A primary pathological step of RagCS75Y cardiomyopathy is defective mTOR-TFEB signaling, which can be corrected by TFEB overexpression, but not mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maengjo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Linghui Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Alexey V. Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Timothy M. Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (M.K.); (L.L.); (A.V.D.); (X.M.); (Y.D.); (P.Z.); (X.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA;
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14
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Narumanchi S, Wang H, Perttunen S, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Paavola J. Zebrafish Heart Failure Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662583. [PMID: 34095129 PMCID: PMC8173159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The understanding of heart failure pathomechanisms and options for treatment remain incomplete. Zebrafish has proven useful for modeling human heart diseases due to similarity of zebrafish and mammalian hearts, fast easily tractable development, and readily available genetic methods. Embryonic cardiac development is rapid and cardiac function is easy to observe and quantify. Reverse genetics, by using morpholinos and CRISPR-Cas9 to modulate gene function, make zebrafish a primary animal model for in vivo studies of candidate genes. Zebrafish are able to effectively regenerate their hearts following injury. However, less attention has been given to using zebrafish models to increase understanding of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we discuss using zebrafish to study heart failure and cardiac remodeling, and review zebrafish genetic, drug-induced and other heart failure models, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of using zebrafish to model human heart disease. Using zebrafish models will lead to insights on the pathomechanisms of heart failure, with the aim to ultimately provide novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Zhou Z, Zheng L, Tang C, Chen Z, Zhu R, Peng X, Wu X, Zhu P. Identification of Potentially Relevant Genes for Excessive Exercise-Induced Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy in Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2020; 11:565307. [PMID: 33329019 PMCID: PMC7734032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.565307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling has aroused public concern for some time, as sudden cardiac death is known to occur in athletes; however, little is known about the underlying mechanism of exercise-induced cardiac injury. In the present study, we established an excessive exercise-induced pathologic cardiac hypertrophy model in zebrafish with increased myocardial fibrosis, myofibril disassembly, mitochondrial degradation, upregulated expression of the pathological hypertrophy marker genes in the heart, contractile impairment, and cardiopulmonary function impairment. High-throughput RNA-seq analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the regulation of autophagy, protein folding, and degradation, myofibril development, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, and insulin and FoxO signaling pathways. FOXO proteins may be the core mediator of the regulatory network needed to promote the pathological response. Further, PPI network analysis showed that pik3c3, gapdh, fbox32, fzr1, ubox5, lmo7a, kctd7, fbxo9, lonrf1l, fbxl4, nhpb2l1b, nhp2, fbl, hsp90aa1.1, snrpd3l, dhx15, mrto4, ruvbl1, hspa8b, and faub are the hub genes that correlate with the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The underlying regulatory pathways and cardiac pressure-responsive molecules identified in the present study will provide valuable insights for the supervision and clinical treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by excessive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiong Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Runkang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Ding Y, Bu H, Xu X. Modeling Inherited Cardiomyopathies in Adult Zebrafish for Precision Medicine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:599244. [PMID: 33329049 PMCID: PMC7717946 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a highly heterogeneous group of heart muscle disorders. More than 100 causative genes have been linked to various cardiomyopathies, which explain about half of familial cardiomyopathy cases. More than a dozen candidate therapeutic signaling pathways have been identified; however, precision medicine is not being used to treat the various types of cardiomyopathy because knowledge is lacking for how to tailor treatment plans for different genetic causes. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) have a higher throughout than rodents and are an emerging vertebrate model for studying cardiomyopathy. Herein, we review progress in the past decade that has proven the feasibility of this simple vertebrate for modeling inherited cardiomyopathies of distinct etiology, identifying effective therapeutic strategies for a particular type of cardiomyopathy, and discovering new cardiomyopathy genes or new therapeutic strategies via a forward genetic approach. On the basis of this progress, we discuss future research that would benefit from integrating this emerging model, including discovery of remaining causative genes and development of genotype-based therapies. Studies using this efficient vertebrate model are anticipated to significantly accelerate the implementation of precision medicine for inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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17
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Santini L, Palandri C, Nediani C, Cerbai E, Coppini R. Modelling genetic diseases for drug development: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Zhang X, Zhang AX, Zhou B, Xu X. A feasibility study for noninvasive measurement of shear wave speed in live zebrafish. ULTRASONICS 2020; 107:106170. [PMID: 32417695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are being increasingly used as animal models for human diseases such as cardiomyopathy and neuroblastoma. Owing to a nearly fully sequenced genome and efficient genetics/chemical genetics, zebrafish open new research opportunities for human diseases research. The purpose of this study was to develop zebrafish ultrasound vibro-elastography (ZUVE) for measuring the shear wave speed of zebrafish. An adult female zebrafish was anesthetized for three minutes for the ZUVE testing. A 0.1 s gentle harmonic vibration was generated on the tail using a sphere tip indenter with 3 mm diameter. Shear wave propagation in the zebrafish was measured using a high frequency 18 MHz ultrasound probe. Shear wave speeds were measured at 300, 400, and 500 Hz. Shear wave speeds were, respectively, 3.13 ± 1.20 (m/s) for 300 Hz, 4.28 ± 1.36 (m/s) for 400 Hz, and 5.07 ± 1.45 (m/s) for 500 Hz for zebrafish 1 in a region of interest (ROI) which covered the central body. The shear wave speed dispersions were similar for four zebrafish and shear wave speeds ranged between 2.5 (m/s) and 5 (m/s) from 300 Hz to 500 Hz. The experimental setup and testing for a zebrafish lasted less than three minutes. All tested zebrafish were alive after testing. ZUVE is safe, fast, and noninvasive, making the testing of elastic properties of zebrafish feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Alex X Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Boran Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Shrestha R, Lieberth J, Tillman S, Natalizio J, Bloomekatz J. Using Zebrafish to Analyze the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Congenital Heart Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:189-223. [PMID: 32304074 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common human birth defects. However, the etiology of a large proportion of CHDs remains undefined. Studies identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiac development have been critical to elucidating the origin of CHDs. Building upon this knowledge to understand the pathogenesis of CHDs requires examining how genetic or environmental stress changes normal cardiac development. Due to strong molecular conservation to humans and unique technical advantages, studies using zebrafish have elucidated both fundamental principles of cardiac development and have been used to create cardiac disease models. In this chapter we examine the unique toolset available to zebrafish researchers and how those tools are used to interrogate the genetic and environmental contributions to CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Savanna Tillman
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Natalizio
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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20
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Chen D, Zhang Z, Chen C, Yao S, Yang Q, Li F, He X, Ai C, Wang M, Guan MX. Deletion of Gtpbp3 in zebrafish revealed the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifested by aberrant mitochondrial tRNA metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5341-5355. [PMID: 30916346 PMCID: PMC6547414 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPBP3 is a highly conserved tRNA modifying enzyme for the biosynthesis of τm5U at the wobble position of mitochondrial tRNAGlu, tRNAGln, tRNALys, tRNATrp and tRNALeu(UUR). The previous investigations showed that GTPBP3 mutations were associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the pathophysiology of GTPBP3 deficiency remains elusively. Using the gtpbp3 knockout zebrafish generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we demonstrated the aberrant mitochondrial tRNA metabolism in gtpbp3 knock-out zebrafish. The deletion of gtpbp3 may alter functional folding of tRNA, indicated by conformation changes and sensitivity to S1-mediated digestion of tRNAGlu, tRNALys, tRNATrp and tRNALeu(UUR). Strikingly, gtpbp3 knock-out zebrafish displayed the global increases in the aminoacylated efficiencies of mitochondrial tRNAs. The aberrant mitochondrial tRNA metabolisms impaired mitochondrial translation, produced proteostasis stress and altered activities of respiratory chain complexes. These mitochondria dysfunctions caused the alterations in the embryonic heart development and reduced fractional shortening of ventricles in mutant zebrafish. Notably, the gtpbp3 knock-out zebrafish exhibited hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and myocardial fiber disarray in ventricles. These cardiac defects in the gtpbp3 knock-out zebrafish recapitulated the clinical phenotypes in HCM patients carrying the GTPBP3 mutation(s). Our findings highlight the fundamental role of defective nucleotide modifications of tRNAs in mitochondrial biogenesis and their pathological consequences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shihao Yao
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qingxian Yang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiao He
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Ai
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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21
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Early sarcomere and metabolic defects in a zebrafish pitx2c cardiac arrhythmia model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24115-24121. [PMID: 31704768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913905116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. The major AF susceptibility locus 4q25 establishes long-range interactions with the promoter of PITX2, a transcription factor gene with critical functions during cardiac development. While many AF-linked loci have been identified in genome-wide association studies, mechanistic understanding into how genetic variants, including those at the 4q25 locus, increase vulnerability to AF is mostly lacking. Here, we show that loss of pitx2c in zebrafish leads to adult cardiac phenotypes with substantial similarities to pathologies observed in AF patients, including arrhythmia, atrial conduction defects, sarcomere disassembly, and altered cardiac metabolism. These phenotypes are also observed in a subset of pitx2c +/- fish, mimicking the situation in humans. Most notably, the onset of these phenotypes occurs at an early developmental stage. Detailed analyses of pitx2c loss- and gain-of-function embryonic hearts reveal changes in sarcomeric and metabolic gene expression and function that precede the onset of cardiac arrhythmia first observed at larval stages. We further find that antioxidant treatment of pitx2c -/- larvae significantly reduces the incidence and severity of cardiac arrhythmia, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction is an important driver of conduction defects. We propose that these early sarcomere and metabolic defects alter cardiac function and contribute to the electrical instability and structural remodeling observed in adult fish. Overall, these data provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the development and pathophysiology of some cardiac arrhythmias and importantly, increase our understanding of how developmental perturbations can predispose to functional defects in the adult heart.
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22
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Dvornikov AV, Wang M, Yang J, Zhu P, Le T, Lin X, Cao H, Xu X. Phenotyping an adult zebrafish lamp2 cardiomyopathy model identifies mTOR inhibition as a candidate therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:199-208. [PMID: 31228518 PMCID: PMC6705397 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult zebrafish is an emerging vertebrate model for studying genetic basis of cardiomyopathies; but whether the simple fish heart can model essential features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remained unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive phenotyping of a lamp2 knockout (KO) mutant. LAMP2 encodes a lysosomal protein and is a causative gene of Danon disease that is characterized by HCM and massive autophagic vacuoles accumulation in the tissues. There is no effective therapy yet to treat this most lethal cardiomyopathy in the young. First, we did find the autophagic vacuoles accumulation in cardiac tissues from lamp2 KO. Next, through employing a set of emerging phenotyping tools, we revealed heart failure phenotypes in the lamp2 KO mutants, including decreased ventricular ejection fraction, reduced physical exercise capacity, blunted β-adrenergic contractile response, and enlarged atrium. We also noted changes of the following indices suggesting cardiac hypertrophic remodeling in lamp2 KO: a rounded heart shape, increased end-systolic ventricular volume and density of ventricular myocardium, elevated actomyosin activation kinetics together with increased maximal isometric tension at the level of cardiac myofibrils. Lastly, we assessed the function of lysosomal-localized mTOR on the lamp2-associated Danon disease. We found that haploinsufficiency of mtor was able to normalize some characteristics of the lamp2 KO, including ejection fraction, β-adrenergic response, and the actomyosin activation kinetics. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the inherited HCM in the adult zebrafish, which can be used to develop potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tai Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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One fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish*: Zebrafish as a model for cardiac research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 138:1-2. [PMID: 30514520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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24
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Ye Q, Liu H, Fang C, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang T, Peng C, Guo L. Cardiotoxicity evaluation and comparison of diterpene alkaloids on zebrafish. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:294-301. [PMID: 30895830 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1586916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diterpene alkaloids (DAs) have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, but exhibiting extremely serious cardiotoxicity to induce arrhythmia, heart arrest, even death. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of three diester diterpene alkaloids (DDAs) including aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MAC), hypaconitine (HAC) and three monoester diterpene alkaloids (MDAs) including 14-α-benzoylaconine (BAC), 14-α-benzoylmesaconine (BMAC), 14-α-benzoylhypaconine (BHAC) on zebrafish. Firstly, the zebrafish embryos after a 72-hour post fertilization were treated with different doses of AC, MAC, HAC, and BAC, BMAC and BHAC for 2, 10 and 24 h, respectively. The heart rates of the treated embryos were calculated and the morphological images of body, together with heart fluorescence were obtained. Results demonstrated that AC, MAC, and HAC at low doses (15.6 and 31.3 μM) decreased the heart rates and increased them at high doses (62.5, 125, and 250 μM), while BAC, BMAC, and BHAC decreased the heart rates in the dose range of 31.3-250 μM, but the highest dose (500 μM) of BAC and BMAC increased the heart rates. In addition, AC, MAC, and HAC exhibited serious organic and functional toxicities, while BAC, BMAC, and BHAC did not. It could be induced that DDAs expressed stronger cardiotoxicities than MDAs, which might be due to that they were known as the Na+ channel activators and K+ channel inhibitors, respectively. The β-acetate at C-8 position, along with the protonated nitrogen on ring A of their chemical structures contributed more for their different cardiotoxicities. This is the first study on cardiotoxicity comparison of DAs, providing references for the rational and safe application of these compounds and some plant species containing them to reduce side effects while retaining therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ye
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxin Fang
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanru Liu
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cunyan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingmo Zhang
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Guo
- The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of standardization of Chinese herbal medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory of resources systems research and development, Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines Constructed by The Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Baek KI, Ding Y, Chang CC, Chang M, Sevag Packard RR, Hsu JJ, Fei P, Hsiai TK. Advanced microscopy to elucidate cardiovascular injury and regeneration: 4D light-sheet imaging. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:105-115. [PMID: 29752956 PMCID: PMC6226366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of 4-dimensional (4D) light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has provided an entry point for rapid image acquisition to uncover real-time cardiovascular structure and function with high axial resolution and minimal photo-bleaching/-toxicity. We hereby review the fundamental principles of our LSFM system to investigate cardiovascular morphogenesis and regeneration after injury. LSFM enables us to reveal the micro-circulation of blood cells in the zebrafish embryo and assess cardiac ventricular remodeling in response to chemotherapy-induced injury using an automated segmentation approach. Next, we review two distinct mechanisms underlying zebrafish vascular regeneration following tail amputation. We elucidate the role of endothelial Notch signaling to restore vascular regeneration after exposure to the redox active ultrafine particles (UFP) in air pollutants. By manipulating the blood viscosity and subsequently, endothelial wall shear stress, we demonstrate the mechanism whereby hemodynamic shear forces impart both mechanical and metabolic effects to modulate vascular regeneration. Overall, the implementation of 4D LSFM allows for the elucidation of mechanisms governing cardiovascular injury and regeneration with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - René R Sevag Packard
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA.
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26
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Stoyek MR, Rog-Zielinska EA, Quinn TA. Age-associated changes in electrical function of the zebrafish heart. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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